Thc hnh c bn CNHH

Mn: Truyn nhit truyn khi

BI 3: C C CHN KHNG
Ni dung: Quan st, tm hiu h thng c c chn khng Thc hnh c c nc ng Tnh ton cc thng s ca qu trnh c c

Yu cu: tin hnh th nghim, vit bo co I. L THUYT 1.Tng quan v c c C c l qu trnh lm tng nng ca dung dch (gm cht tan kh bay hi v dung mi d bay hi) bng cch lm ha hi dung dch . Dung mi trong qu trnh c c thng l nc. C c khc chng ct ch cht bay hi thng l n cht, v thm ch khi hi l mt hn hp th cng khng cn thit phi tch chng ra. C c cng khc kt tinh ch quan tm n nng dung dch sau c c hn s to thnh tinh th. Thng thng trong qu trnh c c, ta ch quan tm n dung dch sau c c, cn hi th c ngng t v b i. Ch mt s t rng hp th ngc li. V d nh qu trnh chng ct nc. 2. Nng sut bc hi nh ngha: nng sut bc hi l lng hi th bc hi trong 1 gi. Nng sut bc hi c mi quan h vi nhit lng truyn qua b mt. Nhit lng truyn qua b mt thit b c tnh nh sau: q = U.A.T U: h s truyn nhit ton phn A: din tch b mt truyn nhit T: chnh lch nhit ton phn

Thc hnh c bn CNHH

Mn: Truyn nhit truyn khi

+ Nu nguyn liu a vo nhit si tng ng vi p sut trong bung bc th nhit lng truyn qua b mt ch s dng cho qu trnh bc hi, khi nng sut bc hi t l vi q. + Nu nguyn liu nhp vo nhit thp th cn thm lng nhit un nng cht lng ln n nhit si, khi nng sut bc hi s gim. + Nu nguyn liu c nhit ln hn nhit si ca bung bc, th mt phn cht lng s t bc hi theo qu trnh on nhit cn bng vi p sut trong bung bc, khi nng sut bc hi s tng.

3. S tng nhit si v nh lut duhring: cng nhit , p sut hi ca dung dch phn cc thp hn so vi nc tinh khit. Kt qu l cng p sut, nhit si ca dung dch phn cc cao hn so vi nc tinh khit. S gia tng nhit ny gi l s tng im si ca dung dch (BPE). i vi dung dch c, BPE c tnh t thc nghim theo nh lut duhring. Theo duhring: nhit si ca dung dch l hm tuyn tnh vi nhit si ca nc tinh khit cng mt p sut. nh lut ny ch ng trong mt khong nhit va phi. II. S nguyn l h thng c chn khng

Thc hnh c bn CNHH

Mn: Truyn nhit truyn khi

1. HNG DN TH NGHIM C C CHN KHNG I. Mt s im cn lu Khi i th nghim sinh vin phi mc o Blouse Nhm trng phn cng c th cng vic cho cc bn trong nhm trc bui thc hnh th nghim. Cc cng vic c th nh sau: o kch thc thit b ( 2-3 ngi) Theo di ng h nhit du, ng h nhit dung dch, ng h p sut thay i theo thi gian (4-6 ngi) Ly v o nc ngng (2- 3 ngi) Nhp liu v tho liu ( 2-3 ngi)

Khi th nghim phi trt t, thao tc cn thn, chnh xc, nhanh gn khng s c ng tic xy ra. Sau khi th nghim phi dn dp v sinh sch s. Bi bo co phi vit theo mu trn giy A4 II. Dng c, ha cht H thng c c chn khng. Thng cha 35 (l) Nc ng. ng h bm giy, n pin. Nhit k ng ong, ng nghim Cn III. Hng dn th nghim Phn b thi gian thc hin th nghim: - Quan st thit b, tm hiu h thng c chn khng, o kch thc thit b: 30 pht - Thc hin th nghim c c: 2 gi - Don dp v sinh: 20 pht

Thc hnh c bn CNHH

Mn: Truyn nhit truyn khi

1. Xc nh kch thc (ng knh, chiu cao) cc thit b sau : - Ni c c - Thit b ngng t - Thp gii nhit 2. Trnh t tin hnh th nghim trn h thng c c chn khng: Chun b nguyn liu: - Pha 27 (l) v 3 (kg) ng saccaro to dung dch nc ng 10% Vn hnh h thng: Bt cng tc cu dao Bt cng tc bm chn khng Ci nhit 120- 140oC, bt cng tc in tr Khi p sut chn khng t n -40 kg/cm2, m van1 tin hnh np liu (ch m van t t), khi nhp liu xong th ng van1 - Bt cng tc my trn. - ng van 2, m van 3 ly nc ngng, khi ly nc ngng xong ng van 3, m van 2 - Khi kt thc qu trnh m van1 tho liu 3. Xc nh cc thng s sau: Ghi nhn s thay i nhit ca du, nguyn liu, p sut chn khng, lng nc ngng theo thi gian v th. 4. Tnh cn bng vt cht, nng lng cho ni c c: Gd(kg): Khi lng nguyn liu ban u Gc(kg): Khi lng nguyn liu cui W (kg): lng hi th sinh ra xd(%): nng dung dch u xc(%): nng dung dch cui cd(kj/kg.): nhit dung dung dch u cc(kj/kg.): nhit dung dung dch cui

Thc hnh c bn CNHH t1(oC): nhit dung dch u t2(oC): nhit dung dch cui iw (kj/kg): enthanpy ca hi th Q(kj): nhit lng cung cp cho ni c c Qtt (kj): nhit lng tn tht a. Tnh cn bng vt cht: Gd.xd= Gc.xc, Gd= W+Gc => Nng dung dich cui: xc
G d .x d Gd W xd W 1 Gd

Mn: Truyn nhit truyn khi

(Ly mu dung dch sau c c o nng bng Brix k, so snh kt qu)

b. Tnh cn bng nng lng: Gd.cd.t1 + Q = W.iw + Gc.cc.t2 + Qtt Nhit dung ca dung dch: c= 4190 (1-x) + c1.x c1: nhit dung ring ca cht tan (kj/kg.) x: nng dung dch Ly Qtt = 0.05Q. Tnh Q 5. Tnh thit b ngng t: Gi thit hi th c ngng t ht: T: Nhit vo ca hi th T: Nhit ra ca nc ngng t: Nhit vo ca nc gii nhit (25oC) t: Nhit ra ca nc gii nhit (30oC)

Thc hnh c bn CNHH

Mn: Truyn nhit truyn khi

Nhit thi do hi th ngng t v lm lnh nc ngng: Qc= W.{r+c(T+T)} Tng lng nc lm lnh (tnh theo truyn nhit ngc dng):

xc

G d .x d Gd W

xd W 1 Gd

Xc nh chnh lch nhit trung bnh

xc G d .x d Gd W xd W 1 Gd

Chn s b h s truyn nhit tng qut k = 400 W/m2. Tnh din tch b mt thit b truyn nhit:
xc G d .x d Gd W xd W 1 Gd

Thc hnh c bn CNHH * Mt s cu hi dnh cho sinh vin:

Mn: Truyn nhit truyn khi

1. Da vo s nguyn l v quan st thit b thc, m t hot ng ca h thng c c chn khng 2. K tn cc loi thit b c c, nguyn l hot ng ca chng? 3. Ti sao phi dng bm chn khng? Khi no th ta dng c c chn khng (c c chn khng thch hp cho nhng loi nguyn liu no)? 4. Gp chung cho ton bi th nghim (nhng im no cha hp l, gii thch, cn thay i nh th no cho hp l)

TI LIU THAM KHO: 1. Qu trnh v thit b cng ngh ha hc tp 5_Phm Vn Bn, Nguyn nh Th_ i hc Bch Khoa Tp.HCM 2. Qu trnh v thit b cng ngh ha hc tp 10_ Phm Vn Bn, V B Minh, Hong Minh Nam_ i hc Bch Khoa Tp.HCM