Discourse basedapproach Focus on meaning Focus on form

Universal grammar Direct approach

Functional approaches

Communicative approaches

Focus on meaning

The essential claim is that people of all ages learn language best, inside or outside the classroom, not by treating the languages as the object of study, but by experiencing them as a medium of communication. (Wilkins.1967)

Discourse basedapproach

Discourse approach provides an authentic context for learning and using grammar.

Focus on form

consists of and attention to linguistic code features by the teacher and/or one or more of the student, perceived problems with comprehension or production.

Direct approach

The audio-lingual method focuses on the comprehension of language at a largely mechanical level.

Functional approaches

Based on the languages needs, and also functional approaches follow a presentations, practice and production.

Universal grammar

Language is based on syntax.

Communicative approaches

Language is acquired using meaningful input, with no formal grammatical instruction. It is assumed with naturally acquire the forms of language when this approach is used.