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e-mail : lushapoudel@gmail.com

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ISBN: 978-9937-2-4070-3
YATRA SPARSHA
Edited by Kedar Sangket

;dk{0f
g]kfnL ofqf ;flxTodf snd 8'nfpg] ;Dk"0f{
;|i6f tyf kf7sxdf of] ofqf:kz{n]
Pp6f gf}nf] /; lnP/ cfPsf] 5 .
To;}n] hf]h;n] ofqf;DaGwL
uxg tyf efjgfTds
cg'el" t lnP/ snd
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ofqf:kz{df s]xL :kz{x

s]bf/ ;\s]t
ofqf:kz{ o;/L cufl8 cfof] . of] ofqfsf] gf}nf] kdf ;dlk{t
eP/ afFRnf gafFRnf < emflP/ hfnf jf TofGb|fdf g} eO{ cf]OlnPnf
s]xL eGg ;lSbgF cfh} . ofqf:kz{nfO{ w]/n
} ] ;dfPsf] kfPF . st} b'Mv
/ ;'vdf clg st} cfgGbsf cg'el" tdf t st} afwfcr{gsf cg'el" tsf
crfgfxdf .
g]kfnL sfJo cleJolQmsf hDdf tLg k|dv
' dfWodx ckgfOG5g\ .
gf6s, kB / uB . uB sfJodf lgaGw kb{5 . lg /fd|/L, aGwafFlwPsf]
cyf{t\ /fd|/L afFlwPsf] cleJolQm eGg] a'emfpFb5 . of] cfVofgfTds
x' G 5 . cfVofgsf] wf/ :jtGq;F u rln/x] s f] 5 . lgaGwsf
JofVofsf/xn] o;nfO{ hDdf rf/ efudf ljefhg u/]sf 5g\ .
ljj0ffTds, tfls{s, j0f{gfTds / cfVofgfTds . s;}s;}n] o;nfO{
efjgfTdssf] ;+1f lbP/ cnUofpg vf]h] tfklg efjgf t dflysf
rf/} ljwfdf hxfF klg k|:t't x'g ;Sg] k/fg'el" t tyf :jfg'el" tsf
s'/fx x'g\ . ofqf:kz{ o;sf] h'g} klg kf6f]df gfg{ ;lsg] alnof
xnuf]? x'g\ .
ofqf:kz{

ofqf ljleGg af6fdf lxF8s

] f] b]v,]F e]fPF . uf]/6] f], 3f]86] f], psfnf],
cf]x|fnf], kfgLhxfh, xjfO{hxfh . cem ePg d}n] t n8fOFsf]
k|mG6nfOgnfO{ klg ofqf:kz{ g} ;Dem],F Kof/f;'6af6 /flt cfsfzaf6
v'Nnf xfjfdf cf7 ;o ld6/af6 hldgdf v:bf xfjfsf a]u / cfgf]
hlh l8:6]G; gldNbf b]a|] v'f efFlrPsf]nfO{ klg ofqf:kz{ g} ;Dem]
/ d]/f s]xL ;}4flGts ljrf/x o;/L k:s]F cfh
!= xfd|f x/]s kfOnfdf ofqfsf] :kz{n] r'd]sf] kfPF o;/L .
ofqfdf :kz{n] gr'Dbf]xf] t, g5Fb' f]xf] t, gb'Vbf]xf] t ofqfsf] uGtJodf
g} sxfF k'Ug ;lsGYof] / <
@= xfdLnfO{ :kz{sf cg]s 5'jfOaf6, af]nfOaf6, 6f]nfOaf6,
lgbfOaf6, dtfOaf6, ysfOaf6, k6fOaf6, 5bfOaf6, xF;fOaf6,
x]/fOaf6, k|sl[ taf6 -cfuf]kfgL, tfn5fn, jgkft, cfsfzwtL{,
3fdh"g, vf]nfgfnf, af9Lklx/f], n]sa];L, lxdfnkxf8, t/fO{
dw]; cflb OToflbn] jf, nfO{af6 c5't x'bF f]xf] t, xfd|f] ofqf dfq x'G5 .
lg/f;do ofqf dfq . nfdf] af6f]sf ofqf u/]/ eg]sf] sfd gaGg',
af6fdf 36gf b'36{ gf x'g,' xG8/ vfg', 7lug', a]vrL{ x'g' of gxFb' f]xf]
t ofqfsf] :kz{n] s;}nfO{ 5'bF g} lyof] . ofqfdf :kz{n] r'Db}gYof] . ca
xfd|f] ofqf lj36g eof] . o;df x]l/g], ul/g], n]Vb} u/]sf] / n]lvg]df
csf{] k lng] eof] .
oL dfly elgPsf ;a} tjxsf] k|efjaf6 d'Qm 5}gfF} xfdLx .
xfdL o;sf k|efjdf lxFl8 g} /Xof}F lg/Gt/ / lxFl8 g} /xg] 5f}F . lxF8b\ f
lhGbuLsf cgluGtL /;Fu ;lDd>0f eP/ lxF8g\ k' of] . / eGgfn]
xfd|f] hLjg jl/kl/sf jf leqs} /, o;df x]l/g] b[li6sf]0f / xfd|}
jl/kl/sf df6f]df ;'xfpg] of] ofqf:kz{ /lagf cnu gx'g] xfdLn]
;f]Rb} 5f}F . ;do Pstkm{af6 alQg yfNof] x/]s k lnP/ . lj1fg
alQg yfNof] ;fF3l' /P/ -x/]s j:t'x ;fgfdf kl/0ft x'g_' . otf
xfdLnfO{ ofqf:kz{doh:tf] ;flxTon] 5'g yfNof], kf]Ng yfNof] cgf}7f]
kf/fn] oltv]/ . To;}n] of] ofqf:kz{nfO{ klg tnsf l;4fGtxn]
;'d;'dfPsf] kfPF .
6

ofqf:kz{

#= pQ/cfw'lgstf cfhsf] kl/jt{g of] d'ed]G6 ;flxTosf] klg

xf] . pQ/cfw'lgstfsf] csf{] r/0f xf] of] . cfofd]nL cfGbf]ng,
l;h{gzLn c/fhstf, /\ujfb / eojfb log} k|efjn] pdf/]sf]
;flxlTos tyf bz{g / lrGtgsf pkhx x'g . klxnf] r/0fdf
@)#* df cle ;'j]bLsf] cfw'lgs g]kfnL sljtfsf k|j[lQx
-dw'ks{, @)#*, sflQ{s_ zLif{ssf] n]vdf cfw'lgsf]Q/ g]kfnL sfJo
pkzLif{sdf cfw'lgsf]Q/ zAb k|of]u u/]/ pQ/cfw'lgstfsf] ;]t
ul/Psf] 5 . To;kl5 @)$* df 8f= uf]ljGb/fh e/fO{sf] ;dfnf]rgfdf
ljlgdf{0f sljtf, #*@)$*_ zLif{ssf] ljlgdf{0fjfbL ;dfnf]rgf b]lvG5 .
@)$* b]lv otf emG8} b'O{ bzssf] cjlwdf w]/} n]v tyf cfwf/e"t
;dfnf]rgfsf lstfax g]kfnL ;flxTohut\df lelq;s]sf 5g\ .
h:t}M pQ/cfw'lgs P]gf, @)^@ ;fn, pQ/cfw'ls ljdz{ @)^$ ;fn
8f= uf]ljGb/fh e/fO{f/f / g]kfnL ;flxTodf pQ/cfw'lgs ;dfnf]rgf
@)^^ ;fn, 8f= nId0fk|;fb uf}tdnufot c y'k|} ljfg\xn]
pQ/cfw'lgstfnfO{ ;dfnf]rsLo tyf pRrljrf/ / tYok/s Ps
;}4flGts :jk lnP/ g]kfnL ;flxlTos If]qdf lehfO;s]sf 5g\ .
Tof] leh]sf] df6f]sf] k|efjaf6 pAhg] afnL xnSs} a9\of] cfh . clg
Tof] leh]sf] df6f]af6 of] ofqf:kz{sf] 6';f] klg b]lvg yfNof] . tfgfgfy
zdf{sf] a]nfotlt/ a/flnFbf lgofqf;\u|x emG8} rf/ bzskl5
ofqf:kz{n] ofqf ;flxTodf csf]{ gfd r'g/] cfpFb} 5 . dg{ lbg'ePg
eGg]xn] o;nfO{ a9\g;Dd lbg'kof] . Dffg{k' 5{ eGg]xn] o;nfO{
o;sf] cfsf/, k|sf/ / klxnf] kft;Dd x]g]{ r]i6f ug{k' of] .
$= lj1fg, cfly{s, /fhgLlts, wfld{s, ;f+:s[lts, ;fdflhs,
x/]s ljsf;qmd, wd{, efiff, ln\u, hftLotf, cl:y/tf, :jflwgtf,
;+3LotfnfO{ 5f]P/ axg] g]kfnsf ax'/\ujfbL o'jf bfz{lgs wd{G] b|
ljqmd g]Daf / eojfbsf JofVofsf/ b]z ;'Aafn] log} l;4fGtxnfO{
kl/dfh{g ul//x]sf 5g\ cfcfg} w/ftnsf] /]vfdf pleP/ . of]
ldl>t ePsf] jx'/\uLg g]kfnL ;dfhn] 9fs]sf] sf/0f xfdL
pQ/cfw'lgssf] kl/efiff kl/dfh{gdf 5f{F} . eGgfn] h:t}M ;fgf] 3/ t/
ofqf:kz{

lrl6Ss k/]sf] . ;'Gb/tfdf lglxt /x]sf] . 3/sf ;a} kl/jf/leq

;dfgtfsf] afFwn] afFlwPsf] . 7"nf] 3/df kf]ltg] Pp6} / ;]tf] sd]/f]
df6f]sf]eGbf ;fgf] 3/df ljleGg /xn] kf]ltg yflnof] . jif}l{ kR5]
kl/jt{g eof] . / dg k/fpg yfn] oL cfFvfxn], dgxn] /
dl:tissf] a]hf]8 rfxgfsf] cg'kd ;/udn] . kmut of] kl/jt{gsf]
;\3f/df kf] cfof] . t/ eon] 5f]8g] , r]tgfdf k|s6 eO{ g} /Xf]
d[To';Dd . /, d[To'df klg / b]VofF} xfdLn] clg t ofqf:kz{n] dfly
pNn]v ul/Psf l;4fGtaf6 PSnf] /x]/ lxF8b\ f ckf\u xf]nfls eGg]n]
;tfof] lsgls hLjg ofqf xf], ofqf g} hLjg clg :kz{ o;sf] cg'el" t .
t/ of] /x/n] km'/s
] f] d]/f] rfxgf x}g . dnfO{ ;don] ot}lt/
o;}u/L ws]Nof] . dleq cfkmFd
} f d g} ?dlNnPsf] w]/} lbg xFb' } lyof] .
cfh d]/f] of] ljrf/ tkfO{x+ df afF8g\ k'u]F . tkfO{x+ sf] ;'emfj /
;Nnfx d]/f] nflu ;w}F cfwf/ eP/ /xg] g} 5g\ .

;Gbe{ ;"rLx
!= pQ/cfw'lgs ljdz{M /Tgk':ts e08f/, sf7df8f},+ @)^$
@ = g]kfnL ;flxTodf pQ/cfw'lgs ;dfnf]rgfM /Tg k':ts
e08f/, sf7df8f},+ @)^^
#= ;fdfGo ax'/jfbM /Tg k':ts e08f/, sf7df8f},+ @)^&
$= eojfbM j}rfl/s lrGtgM /Tg k':ts e08f/, sf7df08f},+
@)^^
%= k"jL{o tyf kfZrfTo ;flxTo l;4fGtM ljBfyL{ k':ts e08f/,
sf7df8f},+ @)^@

ofqf:kz{

b]zk/b]zsf t:jL/
o'j/fh gofF3/]
;Demgf u5'{ Tof] klxnf] kfOnf]nfO{
kfOnf;Fu cfpg] dgUu] s'/f 5g\ . 3'd\ zAbn] af]s/] NofPsf
k|z:t cy{df 3'dGt], 3'dj' f, 3'd3fd, 3'dlkm/, 3'dfOh:tf w]/} efj
kfpF5f}+ xfdL . ofqf ToxL ;Gbe{n] hf]l8P/ cfpg] kIf xf] . ofqf,
lgofqf, ofqf;+:d/0f, ofqfj0f{g jf ofqflgaGw oL ;a} zAbn]
cFufn]sf] ;f/e"t efj xf] 3'dfO cg'el" t .
g]kfnL ;flxTodf o;sf] p7fg laGb'sf] Oltxf; 5g\ g} . ;fdfGo
hgdgn] 3'd/] hlt wtL{ gfk] JoQm ug]{ cj;/ kfPgg\ ;xh} . 7"nf
kbf;Lg Hofgn] hlQ lg kfP Tof] df}sf, n]Vg] si6s/ emDdf/ lsg
uy]{ / < oxL bf]xf]/L rl/qdf g]kfnL ;flxTodf ofqfsf] lzNk h'g a]nf
cfpg'kYof]{ cfOxfNg ;s]g .
s?0f, sGtlahf]u / s/]ks/]k eP/ ofqfsf] n]vg;+;f/ p7\of]
/ hlt cfof] To;n] e"uf]n, ;+:s[lt, hLjgk4lt, zf;g, Joj:yf /
cg'el" tsf x/]s kq] a'emfO ptfb}{ Nofof], n]Vb} Nofof] / lvKb}lvKb}
Nofof] .
ofqf:kz{

g]kfnL ofqf ;flxTosf] pknlAw / d"Nosf ljj]rgf eO/x]s}

5g\ . ltgsf] ;"rL, vf; df]8, k|flKt / d'Vo k|efjaf/] cfO/x]sf
tYodf df}g 5}gf}+ xfdL . wd{, l;;f/, e]63f6, ahf/, lax], dnfdL,
r/g, 3fF;kft oL ;a} ofqfdf eOcfPsf xfdL g]kfnLsf lbgrof{
x'g\ .
;dosf kf\uf| n] 3'dGt] l:yltdf gofF vfnsf ult ufFl;lbPsf]
5, rl/q hf]l8lbPsf] 5 .
ca t cfsfz, hndfu{, /]n, s]an
' sf/ cflbdfkm{t ofqf ug]{
rl/qnfO{ emg\ hf]/hfd ul/lbPsf] 5 8'nfOsf] l;;f/ . cg'el" tsf
gf}nf efjdf ofqfsf] cfsf/ a9]sf] 5 . cy{ / zAbsf] ;fgf] cFufnf]df
ofqfsf] kl/ro ;Lldt 5}g . o;n] af]ss
] f] df}lns d"No xf] 8'n8fnsf]
n]vfO .
;+;f/sf ;a}lt/ 5l/Fb} 5f}F xfdL . k];f, Joj;fo, /f]huf/L jf
cj;/sf] 5f]k5fkcfh g]kfnL ;dfh 5l/g] Pp6f k|dv
' kIf xf] .
wtL{el/ k'u/] of gk'u/] n]vsn] x[boel/ 58\sfP/ n]lv/x]sf] ljwf
ag]sf] 5 ofqf .
lzNk / /rgfsf] ToxL gftf]df s]bf/ ;]t e]l6P . k|ljlwn]
glhs t Psbd} kfl//Xof] . km];a's cl3 g} hLd]n jf cgnfOg
klqsfd} xfdL e]l6of}+ . ofqf ;flxTosf] l;h{gf, cle?lr jf ;+j4{gdf
;]t t ;f/f Hofg 5f]8/] nfu]sf] e]6F] d}n] . x'bF fx'bF f ofqf:kz{
;fO6 agfP/ OG6/g]6df hltv]/ tGdo kf]v] ltgn], x'6x'6L b]vfP
ltgn] / ;dk{0f ;hfP ltgn] clg ofqf:kz{d} cfPsf lgs} :jflbnf,
sl;nf / /l;nf lgofqfx e]nf kf/L ltgn] 5kfpg] dg;'jf /fv] .
o:t} Ps jif{sf] tfnd]ndf cfPsf x'g
\ ofqf:kz{sf sf];n
] Lx .
o;f] t ;a} dxfb]z / ;a} dxf;fu/j/k/sf g]kfnL cg'el" t
;d]6g\ ] oxfF k|of; lyof] . t/ k];f, Joj;fo, 1fg / cle?lrh:tf] ;a}
10

ofqf:kz{

kIfsf] tf/tDo ldNg ;s]g . t}klg cd]l/sL, Pl;ofnL, o'/f]k,

c:6l] nofnLh:tf dxfb]zLo efj / lzNksnf oxfF ;dflji6 5g\ .
;q lgofqfsf/sf ofqfx ;dflji6 5g\ o;leq .
oL j}ljWo efjsf 5g\, rl/qsf 5g\ / snfsfl/tfsf 5g\ .
lj1fg, k':tfut af]nfO, n]vsLo efj / lrGtgsf b[li6n] km/s
;f]r of] ;\ux| sf] ;'Gb/tf xf] . Ps ljz]iftf / pknlAw klg xf] .
ofqf:kz{ d f :yflkt, ofqf/t / pDbf u/L tLg efjsf
lgofqfsf/xsf] pEofO 5 . oL tLg} k / efje\ludfaf6 klg
g]kfnL ofqf n]vfOsf] ultzLntf / :jk 5fDg ;lsg] ;an l:ylt
hfGg ;lsG5 . ofqf ;flxTosf] lxhf]bl] v cfh;Ddsf] ;"rL>[v
\ nf
dfq xf]Og /;, k / sDkgaf/] 1fg cfh{g ug{ ;lsG5 .
ofqf:kz{df ;FuflnPsf /rgfsf k]6af]nL ljj/0f / cg'el" t
b'j} 9n] cleJoQm 5g\ . o;}n] logsf JofVofgdf Pp6f ?9 x]/fOsf]
nodf hfg' pko'Qm gxf]nf ls <
ONof e/fO{, zld{nf v8\sf, lbK; zfx, hof /fO{, pdf ;'jb] L
/ ;fg' zdf{ oxfF lgofqfsf/sf kdf lelqPsf 5g\ . oBlk syf,
sljtf, pkGof; / uhnh:tf efjk|j0f l;h{gfdf oL n]lvsfxn]
cfgf] anzfnL / ;3g pkl:ylt hgfP klg lgofqfk|lt vGofPsf]
cf;lQm / rfxgf Pp6f v';Lsf] ljifo xf], of] ljwfsf] k|ultsf lx;fan] .
{ Lo b[li6df of] s[ltsf] dxj cfkmFd} f cfsf/o'Qm
e"uf]nsf] / cGtb]z
nfU5 . k"0f{tfsf] tYo gdfgf}+ t}klg e]nf kfl/Psf lgofqfdf cg'el" tsf]
s'zn ;+of]hgs} sf/0f s[ltsf] d"No Psbd} ;fdlos nfU5 .
oL lgofqf x]g{] ljljw efj / b[li6 clgjfo{ x'G5 . ev{/ k|f/lDes
ofqfsf efjfn' dgb] l v kl/dfh{ g n] km8\ s f] dfl/;s] s f
lgofqfsf/xnfO{ Pp6} rf}tf/f]df ;Dkfbsn] u/]sf 5g\ e]63f6 /
e]nf .
ofqf:kz{

11

k}bnb]lv df]6/;Dd x'OlF sPsf, jfo'ofgdf a]luPb]lv /]ndfu{df

l3l;|Psf laTkft] ljrf/, efjgf / lrGtgsf /rgf o;leq e]l6G5g\ .
ef}uf]lns x]/fOdf g]kfnL e"ldnfO{ 8fo/Ldf ptf/] zld{nf
v8\sf, hut gjf]lbt / 1fg]Gb| ljjzn] . pdf ;'jb] L, lbK; zfx,
xl/ dfgGw/n] Oh/fonL wtL{sf cg'el" tdf k'ofpF5g\ . a]nfotL
;Eotf / Oltxf;df s]bf/ ;]t, ljZjf;bLk ltu]nf, ONof e/fO{n]
b[li6laGb' lbPsf 5g\ . To;f] t hof /fO{, ;'dns'df/ u'?sf
lgofqfdf klg a]nfotL k|;\u;Fu} o'/f]k / Pl;ofn] :kz{ u/]sf]
nfU5 .
O/fgsf] e"lddf k'ofpg] eLid pk|]tL d'l:nd ;Eotfsf
hf]836fp u5{g\ / k|ltlqmof lbG5g\ Psbd} lge{o;fy .
s[i0f ahufO+n
{ ] lrlgofFF ;+;f/df xfdLnfO{ cjt/0f u/fpFbf
sljtf, ;flxTo / k|sl[ tsf] ;Dos\ e]nf nfU5 .
o'j/fh gofF3/] / >Lcf]d >]i7 /f]bg sf] lgofqfn] cd]l/sL
b[Zo / j:t'lrqsf >[v
\ nfx ;fj{hlgs u5{g\ .
x]dGt k/b]zL dWok"js
{ f Jofkfl/s ;+;f/df g]kfnL cGtis/0fsf
cfFwLa]x/L ptf5{g\ . tL cfh aflxl/Psf] dg / v'Nb'nLsf] ;du|
t:jL/ x'g\ .
;fg' zdf{ PSnf] k|ltlglwTj gfd ePsf] 5 c:6]lnofnL
cg'el" tdf . ljz]iftM l;8\gLsf] ;Eotf / ljsf;nfO{ tYok"0f{ lj:tf/
kfOG5 zdf{sf] lgofqfdf .
ofqf ;flxTo cfhsf] cfsif{0f / cle?lrsf] sf]6Ldf qmdzM
:yflkt eO/x]sf] ljwf xf] . kf7snfO{ p]lnt x'g / k|R5Gg t:jL/
lbgdf u}x| cfVofgsf] Pp6f rlvnf] ljwftkm{ pGd'v eO/x]sf] 5
ofqf . of] Pp6f dgf]ut n]vgL dfq geP/ j:t', ljj/0f / tYout
;+of]hg ul/g] ljwf klg t xf] . o;}n] n]vsn] p8fg ul//xg]
12

ofqf:kz{

ljwfsf kdf dfq x'g ;Sb}g, k|df0f / e"uf]nsf ;xL cfFs8fdf afFRg]
u5{ o;n] .
e|d0f jf lbUbz{g ;a} kIf ofqf ;flxTon] :jLsfg]{ kf6f] xf] .
cg'el" tsf] tLj|tfnfO{ r6Ss 5f]8/] lgofqfsf] sNkgf xDd]xDd] x'g
hfG5 . v'fdf 7]nf p7fP/ cGgk"0f{lt/ nls{g] 1fg]Gb| ljjz xf]pmg\
jf hxfhdf jls{kmsL{ ug]{ hof /fO{ x'g
\ ;fwg / l:yltdf k[ystf
eP klg efjsf] x'/Ldf wgL 5Fb5
} g\ . To;}n] v'Nb'nLdo lrq / tYosf
;"rL lgofqfn] cfg} kf]N6fdf xfFSg] kIf k/] .
;'dns'df/ u'?n] k]l/;;Dd k'Ug ;s] klg, xl/ dfgGw/n]
axfO{{ uf8]g{ ;Dd 6]Sg ;s] klg 3'Dbfsf xtf/f] / efjgfsf a]ujfg
;';n
] L xfNg 5f]8s
] f 5}gg\ . 3'd3fdsf] pknlAw of] cgGotd\ nfUg]
u5{ .
JolQmsf a'emfO / cleJolQmn] lgofqfdf ;wF} dfgs :yfg
kfpF5g\ eLid pk|t] Ln] e]6s
] f d'l:nd dlxnf, ljZjf;bLk ltu]nfn]
ge]6s
] f lbj\ut JolQmTjx jf s[i0f ahufO+n
{ ] x[botM ;fIffTsf/
u/]sf slj ToxL laDa / 6f]nL;Fu Psfsf/ kIf x'g\ .
ofqfdf n]vsn] bu'/s
] f af6fdf kf7s gk'u;
] Dd cleJolQmsf]
d"NonfO{ pGgt dfGg ;lsGg . hutn] af6fdf e]6s
] f kfq, kl/j]z /
k|sl[ tsf txx ;fg'n] cg'et" u/]sf laDa, ljsf; / ljrf/x,
zld{nfn] ofqfdf v]ks
] f kl/0ffd, :jefj / cg'xf/x ofqfdf dL7f,
;\ul7t / k|d
] k"0f{ eP/ cfPsf 5g\ .
n]vgdf n}l\ us r]tgfsf] ;antfn] lng] u/]sf] dxQf cfhsf]
csf]{ ts{zLn kIf xf] . pdfn] ;d'bd
| f 9'Ssn] 8'Ag gkfpFbfsf] lvGgtf,
;fg' zdf{n] kf]v/]nL ljdfg:yndf kfPsf] c;xof]u / pk]Iffk'?ifsf
b[li6n] ku]N{ g'kg]{ ljrf/f]Qh
] s l:ylt x'g\ . logn] ofqfsf] sf]/f /
efj' s t:jL/ dfq gb] v fO{ ;dfhsf sk6 / sfnfefjgfsf]
pbf\uf]kgfnfO{ k|:6\ofpF5g\ .
ofqf:kz{

13

lgofqfdf cg'el" tsf] ;du|tfn] :yfg vf]lh/x]sf] x'G5 . kfq /

n]vssf] Psfsf/df j:t'tYo la:tf/} cf]nG{ 5 . Tof] x[bodf, j:t'tf
/ cg':d/0fsf] t/]nLt/]nLdf cfpF5 3'dfOsf] kl/0ffd .
ofqf:kz{df s]xL s'/f ;dfgsf nfUg] klg t 5g\ t/ ltgn]
ef]us
] f] ;a} l:ylt leGg nfU5 . ;DejtM n]vgsf] prfO, ulx/fO /
nDafOsf] Jofkstf oxL x'gk' 5{ .
kfgLdf t}l/g' jf /]ndf bu'g,{' xjfO{hxfhdf x'OlF sg' jf 7;7;L
sGb} nl:sg' 3'dfOsf cfg} ;fwg / kl/l:yltsf kl/0ffd x'g\ .
n]vgdf x'g] a7\ofOF / Odfghdfgn] lgofqfsf] dfgstf sfod u5{ .
;f]emf] / ;kf6 cleJolQm;fy pb\3f6g u/] klg snf / b[Zon]
;FufNg g;s] ofqf aGg]5 aa'/f], Psbd} lar/f] . To:tf] sdhf]/ /
/f]uL l;h{gfsf] cfTdfn] s;/L cfgf] cl:tTjsf lglDt kf}7+ h
] f]/L v]Ng
;S5 < lrGtgLo ljifo xf] of] .
ofqf:kz{df s'g} dfgs cfwf/ / tYo t]:of{P{ / lgofqfsf/sf]
e]nf ul/Psf] kfOGg . ofqf ug{ sDd/ sl;/x]sf cGo w]/} x[boxsf]
s'Ded]nf lsg gul/Psf] < of] k|Zg ;DkfbsnfO{ klg ul/gF d}n] .
dfly g} pbf/ / ;\sf]rxLg eP/ elgPs} 5 ofqf:kz{sf nx/df
e]l6P / e]nf eP;Ddsf lgofqfx g} oxfF ;hfpg ;lsof] . ltgn]
ofqfsf eJo lzv/ / r'nL km8\lsPsf] 7fGg' TolQ Jofjxfl/stf klg
xf]Og .
ofqf:kz{df ;a} dg / 7fpFdf k'lu/x]sf] z/L/;Fu ;fIffTsf/
eOG5 .
cf]xf], o:tf] klg
nf}, o:tf] kf] x}
cfxf, of] kf] t

14

ofqf:kz{

oL k\lQmsf dfWoddf sltko ofqfsf/ 5g\ of] ;\ux| df .

sltko r}+ To; af6f]df gk'lu;s] klg k|oTgs} 5]p5fpd} /x]sf] k|tLt
x'G5 . xf], r]i6f r}+ ltgdf 5 .
b]vs
] f s'/f, e]6s
] f dfG5], hfg]sf cj:yf, u/]sf 5nkmn /
ef]us
] f hf8f]udL{nfO{ ofqfsf/n] ;Tosf 5]pdf a;]/ n]lvlbg] xf]
eg] /fd|f] ofqf Tof] aGb}g eGg' 9fF6g\ ' xf] . ldTYof af]Ng' xf] / kmnfsf]
xfNg' xf] .
ofqf:kz{df cfPsf w]/} ofqfsf/sf ;\ult ;f]r / cjwf/0ffn]
xfd|f] dfgjLo kfs[lt dfq sf]l/Psf] 5}g ;+:s[lt, dgl:ylt /
k|sl[ tsf gb]lvg] u'?efjnfO{ sk]/ n]lvPsf] d}n] 7fg]F .
cfh ;flxTonfO{ lje]bo'Qm g/fvf}+ eGg] x"n hlt 5 Tof]eGbf
csf]{ ;d"x emg\ a9\bf] 5 juL{o / ju{eb] sf e8\vfnfdf pEofP/
jfdg ljrf/ df /dufO/xg] .
lgofqfnfO{ l;h{gf ;+;f/sf] lsQfdf s;/L 5f8f 5f]8g\ ] < of] t
Pp6f ;fgf] cy{ / d"Nodf d'G6f] p7fP/ nDsg vf]Hg] z}nL dfq xf]
o;f] eGg] ju{ / cf]7nfO{ s]xL lh1f;f lsg g/fVg] < eGg] nfU5
dnfO{ .
3'd/] cfPsfxn] jf tLyf{6g uP/ cfPsfn] tLy]{ ef]h v'jfpg]
cfzo of] klg xf] n]vfOsf] cefj . jf:tljs of] g} xf] 3'd3fdkl5sf]
dg / Jojxf/ ;f6f}F . ca t Pp6f bIf / snfk"0f{ hLjg afFRg
vf]Hg]n] tLy]{ 8'nfO kl5 s;}nfO{ 6]k jf /]s8{/df e/L;'gfO{ 5fKg
;S5g\ ef]lnsf lbgdf .
lgofqf t cg'el" t xf] 3'd3fdsf] . cleJolQmsf cefjdf To;n]
df}nfpg] / 9sdlsg] df}sf kfpFbg} g\ .
ofqf:kz{df cGt:s/0fsf] ofqf b]v,F] dgl:yltsf] ;f/ e]6F] /
ef]ufOsf] la:tf/ kfPF .
ofqf:kz{

15

ofqfsf kmUn]6f cg]s 5g\ . cfh t d'n's;Fu e]63f6 ug{

cfpg] cg'xf/sf] ;"rL sd 5 . x/]s jif{ b]z 5f]8g\ x] n] cfgf]
cfFugeGbf a9\tf cs}{ cfsfz / af6f]3f6f] l5rf]ln/x]sf x'G5g\ . tL
:d/0f / efjgfn] ofqf ;flxTosf k/Dk/fut 9a9fFrf clns a]Un}
5g\, leGg agfpFbf5g\ / gf}NofOF kdf lgdf{0f ub{5g\ .
cem k':tfut kl/rodf ljkGgtf aGb} uPsf] xfd|f] hghLjgdf
k|efj / k|jfx emg} gf}nf] eO/x]sf] 5 . lj1fg / k4ltsf] Psbd}
ulx/f] pkl:ylt ePs}n] xf]nf ofqf ;flxTodf e]naf9L cfPs} dfG5g\
k9fn'x . t/ 5flgP/, lylu|P/ jf dl;lGgP/ ;'Gb/ x'g] lgofqfsf]
bla{nf] k|flKt TolQ w]/} eOg;s]sf] k|df0f e]l6G5 . kvf},F{ of] a]nf klv{
g} k5{ xfdLn] .
3'Dg] hlt ;a}n] n]Vb}gg\ . n]lvxfn] klg Tof] efju|fxL / z}lNks
rdTsf/n] rkSs ;dflt xfNb}gg\ . o;/L wLt gdg]{ n]vfO / snfsf]
cfo' nfdf] x'bF g} . ;do t k|sl[ tn] lbPsf] x'G5 . cfo'nfO{ bL3{ksf]
agfpg] sfd t n]vssf] xf] . bL3f{o' ag]sf] l;h{gf g} k':tfut k|flKt
x'G5, pknlAw aG5 / k|/] 0ffbfoL /xG5 .
8f= tf/fgfy zdf{ jf n}gl;+x afb]n jf:tjdf ToxL bL3f{o'
cg'xf/ x'g\ xfd|f] ofqf ;flxTodf . Pp6f d"Noaf]w, dfgstf /
cfofd x/]s tYodf lgofqf ljwfsf] sd{zLn 5lj ltgn] lbP/ uPsf
5g\ xfdL tgd:ts xf]cf}F .
jif{el/sf] ;f]nf]8f]nf] k|sfzg ;fdu|LnfO{ lgkmggfkmg kfg]{ xf]
eg] lgofqfdf vFlbnf] ;xeflutf /lxcfPsf] 5 . xf] st} l6kf]6 x'G5,
st} l/kf]6{ x'G5 . oL b'j} c;n / sd;n l;h{gfsf] cfudg eP klg
ofqf hfu/0f eG5' d o; l:yltnfO{ . gcfpg', cfP . of] /rgfsfl/tfn]
a"9f] ;fFemsf] kl/kSjtf gb]vfOxfn] klg lzz' laxfgLsf] z'et| fdf
rl/q agfpg] jftfj/0f ;f]rs
] f] b]lvG5 .

16

ofqf:kz{

hfg]xn], cg'ejsf w]/} k|sf/sf :d[lt ;Fu]Ng ;S5g\ g} .

ofqf:kz{d} cfPsf n]vsxsf j}ljWo k];f / ?lr 5g\ . tL km/s
efj, dgl:ylt / ;+:sf/sf ePs}n] e"ld, cfsfz, k|sl[ t jf dfG5]sf
k}tfnfnfO{ emg} km/s wf/0ffn] ljj]rgf ubf{ x'g\ . nG8g a;]/ vf]6f
k'Ug] hut, kf]v/fsf ;'dnn] 6]ss
] f] k]l/;, wflbsL lbK;n] k;]sf]
Oh/fonL cf]8f/ oL ;a}sf sfd, lhDd]jf/L / lhGbuLsf pkt{NnL
5g\ cnucnu . t/ 3'd/] kfPsf laDa;Fu oL ;dlk{t 5g\ . n]vs
/ tk:jL oxLFlg/ ldN5g\ .
ofqfdf gx'g] s'/f s]xL x'bF g} . cem cfgf] e"ld 5f]8k] l5 t
ef]Ug'kg]{ h'g} kl/l:yltsf lglDt 5ftL bx|f] agfpg}kg]{ . xfF;f], efiffsf]
cefj, ;"rgf lg/k]If jf vr{ar{sf] ck'u oL x'g ;Sg] l:ylt k/] .
o; cltl/Qm 3'Dg egL hfFbf cfOk'us
] f cK7\of/f u'hN' 6fn] tt\If0f
ps';d's;
' eP klg n]Vo ;fdu|Ldf sfnfGt/df x[bo pdlt x'g
k'U5 .
ONof, x]dGt, ljZjf;bLk, eLid / s]bf/sf s]xLIf0f ltg} dd{ /
df]xstfsf ljifo eP/ cfpF5g\ .
ofqfn] JolQmsf] k dfq af]Nb}g b]z, ;+:s[lt, hflt / k|sl[ tsf]
;]/f]km]/f] ;Daf]wg u5{ . O/fgsf] ;DkGgtf, a]nfotL ljsf;, c:6l] nofnL
cflbjf;Lsf] ;"rL jf dWok"jd
{ f g]kfnL eL8ef8 ofqf:kz{sf /rgfdf
;Demf}tfxLg eP/ cf]ln{Psf ljifolaDa x'g\ .
of] ld;df;] ;Fufnf] xf] . lgofqfsf lgs} s[lt lbO;s]sf
/rgfsf/b]lv Psbd} yf]/} ofqfn]vgdf h'6s
] f h:tf k"0f{tof km/s
cg'xf/ / ;fwgfsf lgofqfsf/x Ps} 7fpFdf e]nf kfl/Psf 5g\ .
o;n] Psflt/ ofqf n]vgsf] cGtr{l/q b]vfk5{ eg] csf{lt/ ofqfsf]
cBfjlws Oltxf;sf df]8 yfxf kfpg klg ;xof]u} ug]5
{ . ofqf:kz{nfO{
k/b]zsf] k|oTgsf] kdf lng'kg]{ klg x'G5 .

ofqf:kz{

17

o; ;\ux| df ;dflji6 lgs} ;|i6fx ljb]zd} sd{zLn 5g\ .

ltgsf x[bon] b]vs
] f sd{el" d / k/]nLleq afFlr/x]sf hGde"ldsf]
x[bo slt dfld{s nfU5 . b; hgf lgofqfsf/x ;+;f/sf cg]s
7fpFdf hLjgsf] kf\uf| u'8fO/x]sf 5g\ . x]dGt, xl/, ;'dn jf ;fg'
k/b]zdf /x]/ :jb]zsf OGb|0] fL lgxfln/x]sf 5g\ . o:t} ljZjf;bLk,
lbK;, hof, hut jf s]bf/ g]kfnaflx/} /x]/ k/b]zsf 3fdkfgL
l5rf]ln/x]s} 5g\ .
k/af6 otf x]g{' / otfaf6 Totf x]gs
{' f] bf]xf]/f] efj syfsf
;'Gb/ k\lQm oxfF b]Vg ;lsG5 . ofqf:kz{ s'g} dfgs / clGtd
k|of; xf]Og lgofqf ;flxTosf] lglDt . of] t Pp6f x'6x'6L xf], pd
xf], cfj]u xf] / hf]/hfd xf] .
dflg;xn] cfh aflxl/O/x]sf] k':tfnfO{ /]ld6 Hofg eg] klg,
;flxlTos ;+;f/n] clns a]Un} / ;sf/fTds b[li6n] of] k|lqmofnfO{
d"Nofg u/]sf] nfU5 dnfO{ . aflxl/g] dgn] aflx/sf] ;+;f/ x]5{ /
ljZn]if0f u5{ . w]/} t lanfpF5g\ ar]sf / alnof dgn] r}+ n]V5g\ .
xf], w]/n
} ] x]/] klg n]Vg]n] t sd} x]/] klg t k'U5 . cem lgofqfsf/n]
t Pp6} aQL, Pp6} ;x/ jf Pp6} ;8s x]/] klg w]/} s[lt hGdfpg
;S5g\ .
/]ld6 Hofg af6 /]ld6 l;h{gf cfO/x]sf] klg t 5 lg . of]
ofqf:kz{ ToxL Ps cy{ xf], pknlAw xf] / kfx'/ xf] . cfgfxn]
ef]us
] f] efj cdf lbg', cfgfxn] :jLsf/]sf] ;dfh csf nflu
5'fpg' ofqf:kz{n] af]ns
] f] ;To xf] . cfk|jf;L x[bon] cGt/b]lv
g} af]ns
] f :j/sf k\lQm oxfF ge]6g\ ' csf]{ e"n x'g5
] .
JolQm / k|jl[ Q ofqfsf] clGtd glthf xf] . JolQm;Fu ufFl;P/
cfpg] :jefj / k|jl[ Qn] lbg] k|ltlqmof l;h{gfsf] ;f]kfg xf] . st} sd
st} a9L, st} ck]lIft st} cgk]lIft eP/ oL k|ltlqmof cfPsf 5g\ .

18

ofqf:kz{

ofqf:kz{df dfG5]sf 5/ki6 t:jL/ b]Vg ;lsG5 . b'lv/x]sf,

b'Vg] qmdsf, b'Vbfb'Vbf lylNnPsf dg k9]kl5 Ps k6s t cfkm}+ klg
lgs} b'vF] d . cflv/ d}n] cd]l/sfd} e]6s
] f kfq klg b'vfOn] lylNylnPsf
dg lyP . ;a} dxfb]zdf afFl8Psf oL cg]s g]kfnL w'sw'sLn] dfG5]sf
k|of;, ;Eotf, ljsf; / lgdf{0faf/] af]Ng lha|f] nSksfPsf 5}gg\ .
aflx/af6 uf]/]6f] agfOof], ca /fhdfu{ agfpg a]/ gu/f}+ .
awfO{ 5, w]/w} /] } TolQSs} 5 z'esfdgf klg

!! c;f]h @)^*
sf7df8f}+

ofqf:kz{

19

ljifo;"rL
lu|gjLr ljZjs} z"Go lsnf]ld6/
ONof e/fO{

@#

;d'b;
| uF lk/tL

pdf ;'jb] L

#!

s]bf/ ;]t

#(

lrlgofF sljsf] lgjf;df df5f dfbf{

s[i0f ahufO{+

%!

b'aO{sf] k]/f]gL;Fu Ps /ft

hGd3/ hfFbf

hut gjf]lbt

^!

hof /fO{

&#

ofqf hxfhsf] ef]ufO cfgf]

20

ofqf:kz{

;f]/s
] u'kmfsf] 5ftLleq dx]Gb|uk' mfsf] ;Demgf
lbK; zfx

*!

a'sf{leqsf s]6Lx

eLid pk|t] L

*(

o'j/fh gofF3/]

!)#

tkfO{s
+ f] b]zdf
a]nfotsf ;flxlTos tLy{:ynx 3'Dbf
ljZjf;bLk ltu]nf

!!!

d]/f] ;flxlTos ofqfsf] ;]/f]km]/f]af6

zld{nf v8\sf -bxfn_

!!&

x\ofrlen;Ddsf] Pd6fs ofqf

>Lcf]d >]i7 /f]bg

!#!

ha d l;8\gL k'uF]

;fg' zdf{

!#(

;'dns'df/ u'?

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xl/ dfgGw/

!^%

x]dGt k/b]zL

!&#

1fg]Gb| ljjz

!&(

Kf]l/; e|d0fsf] cg'el" t

axfO{{ uf8{g] ;Fu n'6k'l6Fb} ubf{
cfkm}n
F ] lxF8s
] f uf]/6] fx
cGgk"0f{, af6f / laDax

ofqf:kz{

21

ONof e/fO{
hGd M @* gf]eD] a/, !(%% .
dg dg} t xf] -syf;\ux| _, nkma/fsf] jl/kl/ -ofqf;+:d/0f_, clg===
-syf;\u|x _, lgMzAb k|Zgx -syf;\u|x_, o'/f]k gf}nf] kl/j]z
-ofqf;+:d/0f_, s;n] s] a'of] -afn syf;\ux| _, hLjgsf /x
-syf;\ux| _ k|sflzt .
lzIff k'/:sf/, - @)$$_, g]kfn ;flxTo ljsf; kl/ifb\ o'=s]=f/f ;g\
@))^ df ;Ddflgt .
g]kfn OlGhlgo/ >LdtL ;dfh, u'~hg ;flxlTos ;+:yf, l;:gf]kfgL
g]kfn cflb ;+:yfdf cfa4 .

22

ofqf:kz{

lu|gjLr ljZjs} z"Go lsnf]ld6/

;f]x| jif{cl3 lu|gjLr k'Ug kfpFbf dnfO{ rGb|dfd} k'us] f]h:tf]
/f]dfGr ePsf] lyof] . ;f/f ljZjnfO{ cfgf] ;don] lbzflgb]z
{ ug]{
ToxfFsf] k|fOd d]l/l8og nfOg cyf{t\ k|dv
' b]zfGt/ /]vfdf pleP/
kmf]6f] lvrfpg kfpFbf d uj{n] clee"t ePsL lyPF .
o;kfln klg dnfO{ lu|gjLrsf] pT;'stfn] tfGb} 5 . ;f]x| jif{
klxn] Tolt 6f9faf6 t cfP/ nG8g ;x/af6 s]xL 6f9f nfu]sf]
lu|gjLr k'Uof}F . o;kfln t emg\ d nG8gd} 5' . lu|gjLr klg nG8gleq}
cfOk'us
] f] /x]5 .
h'anL nfOgn] dnfO{ Sofg/L jfk{mdf NofP/ 5f]l8lbof] . Sofg/L
jfk{m nG8gsf] clt cfw'lgs 7fpF xf] /] eJo 7fpF xf] /] nG8gsf
wgLdfgLxn] k};f v]nfpg] 7fpF xf] /] tL wgLxn] lgs} k};f vGofP/
ljsl;t u/]sf] 7fpF xf] /] ToxL eP/ xf]nf ToxfFsf] gofF ag]sf] 6\oa'
:6];gdf bf]xf]/f] 9f]sf agfOPsf] /x]5 . 6]gsf] 9f]sf;Fu} :6];gdf
ePsf] 9f]sf klg :jrflnt kn] v'nk] l5 dfq ofq'x 6]g af6 aflx/
lg:sg ;Sbf /x]5g\ . aflx/ lg:s]/ d 9'f 5fk]sf] Pp6f ljzfn
rf]sdf cfOk'us
] L 5' . jl/kl/ 6f]kL v:g] prfOsf rfnL;,krf;tn]
3/x cfsfz} 5]8n
F' fe}mF u/]/ ujf]G{ gt eO{ plePsf 5g\ . oL 3/xn]
ofqf:kz{

23

d cfk"m nG8gdf geP/ l;fk'/lt/ kf] 5' ls eGg] cg'el" t u/fof] .

nG8gsf k/Dk/fut o'/f]kn
] L jf:t'snfsf kfFr, 5tn] ejgxsf]
ljk/Lt oL 3/xn] dnfO{ cfk"m nG8gaflx/ ePsf] cfef; lbnfpFb} 5 .
nG8gsf] ;a}eGbf cfw'lgs clg k};fsf] rnv]n x'g] 7fpF ePs}
x'gfn] cftsf/Lxsf] cfFvf nfu]sf] 7fpF /x]5 Sofg/L jfk{m . ltgLxn]
;/sf/nfO{ ysf{pgsf nflu ca klxnfsf]h:tf] e"ldut 6\oa' :6];gsf]
;f6f] Sofg/L jfk{mdf ad k8\sfpg] wDsL lbPsf /x]5g\ . ToxL eP/
g]kfnLxsf] hd36df bLksHo"sf ljBfyL{xn] /dfOnf] ub}{ adf/f
Wj:t x'ge
' Gbf klxn] g} Tof] 7fpF x]l/xfNg'kg]{ ;'emfj lbPsf lyP .
bflxg]lt/ lgs} 7"nf] hnfzon] Wofg tfGof] . l8ndf uP/ x]/,F]
7"nf] tfnh:tf] 5 . ToxL tfndfly Pp6f k'n klg ag]sf] /x]5 .
jf:tjdf Tof] t y]D; gbLaf6 5'lP/ cfgf] :jtGq cl:tTj vf]Hb}
ToxfF cfOk'us
] f] y]D;s} eFufnf] kf] /x]5 . Tolts}df b'O{ tLgj6f 8Aaf
ePsf] ;fgf];fgf] /ftf] /sf] 8L=Pn=cf/=6]g cfOk'Uof] . 8fOe/} grflxg]
/x]5, Tof] 6]g nfO{ . ljsf;sf] csf]{ gd'gf .
8L=Pn=cf/=sf] :6];g k'Ug ;8s kf/ ug'k{ g]{ /x]5 . d :6];glt/
nfU5' . OGkmd]{;gdf ;f]w]/ lu|gljr hfg] 6]gsf] af/]df ;f]W5' .
8L=Pn=cf/=sf] 8fOe/ljxLg /]ndfq Tof] ?6df rNbf] /x]5 . To;}n]
xfdLnfO{ lu|gljr k'ofpg] /x]5 .
sL;fs{ :6];gdf plqPsf] eP yf]/} lxF8] k'Ug] lyof] . t/ cfk"m
;f]x| jif{cl3 plqPs} :6];g lrg]kl5 d :jtM:k"mt{ kd} ToxLF plqg
k'lu5' . lxF8fO s]xL a9L eof] . t/ klg lu|gljrnfO{ lrGg] df}sf t
kfOof] .
klxnf ;fgf] ufpF nfu]sf] lu|gljr clxn] 7"nf] ;x/} ePsf]h:tf]
5 . x'g t of] klxn] g} 7"n} lyof] xf]nf . d}n] g} klxn] ofb gu/]sL x'n
F f.
xfd|f] otfsf] h:tf] ;do;Fu} a9\b} uPsf] hg;+Vof;Fu} ;x/df hyfefjL,
htf;'s} 3/sf] ;+Vof a9\g] rng Totf gxf]nf . Totf t ;/sf/n] g}
gofFgofF 7fpFx ljsf; ub}{ ToxfF 3/xsf] sf]nf]gL agfpg nfP/
a]R5 Sof/ .
24

ofqf:kz{

p:t} /x]5 lu|gljr kfs{ . 7fpF7fpFdf ofDd k/]sf vxsf]

cFufnf]df a]l/P/ cnd:t eO{ klN6Psf] . cfFvfn] b]v'Gh]n;Ddsf]
nDa]tfg xl/of] rf}/ . rf}/ w]/} g} 7"nf] 5 . ToxL eP/ 7fpF7fpFdf cf
cfgf] ;d"x agfP/ a;]sf x"n x'bF f klg of] ;fF3/' f] b]lvPsf] 5}g .
nG8gsf] c kfs{df 9's/' b]vh
] :tf] nfUb}g . oxfF eg] ltgLxn] k"/}
:jtGqtf kfPsf /x]5g\ . rf}/df htf;'s} pgLxs} xfnLd'xfnL b]lvFb}
5 . slt efUodfgL /x]5g\ logLx . logLxsf] :jtGqtf x/0f ug]{
oxfF s;}sf] cfF6 x'bF g} . xfd|fl] t/ eP o;/L v'nf rf}/df cfgGbn]
ljr/0f ug]{ efUo logLxn] sxfFaf6 kfpg\ . logLx plxNo} dfG5]sf]
k]6k]6df k'lu;Sy] .
d]/f] l;} sfd ce}m afFsL g} 5 . /f]on cAhe]6{ /L;Dd k'Ug d}n]
ce}m l9:sf] r9\g' g} 5 . hfkfgLx lgs} 3'dGt] /x]5g\ Sof/ slt
cfPsf Ps x"n hfkfgL l76Lx xfF:b} tn cf]ln{P . l9:sf] ;;fg} eP
tfklg dnfO{ plSng ufx|} ufx|} nfUb}5 .
rf}aL; 3G6fsf] ;do b]vfpg], ;f/f ljZjnfO{ cfgf] rfndf
lxF8fpg] hu k|l;4 38L dnfO{ x]//] p;} u/L d':s'/fpFb} /x]5 . ;Dk"0f{
ljZjnfO{ cfgf] ;f/df lxF8fpg ;s]sf] cfTdljZjf;sf] ul/dfn] of]
p:t} cf]h:jL 5 . ;donfO{ cfgf] d'7Ldf /fVg ;Sg' rfgr'g s'/f]
klg t xf]Og
oxfF pleP/ of];uF kmf]6f] lvrfpg t?gL / tGg]/Lxsf] r6f/f]
a]Un} 5 . ;a}nfO{ cft'/L 5 . ef] xf];\ pgLx g} lvr'g\ . d kl5
cfpFnf .
pxL klxn]sf] 3/ . pxL klxn]sf] 6]ln:sf]k . ;a} s'/f p:t}
/x]5 . st} s]xL ablnPsf] 5}g . ;s] of] If]qn] s'g} cfGbf]ng b]Vg'k/]sf]
5}g xf]nf . gq t ;Qf kl/jt{g x'gl] alQs} cfGbf]ngdf plqPsf lj/f]wL
bnn] ToxfFsf tL 6]ln:sf]kxnfO{ klg rf/ 6'qmf kfl/;Sy] xf]nfg\ .
k|fOd d]l/l8og nfOgnfO{ klg pvfn]/ sjf8LnfO{ a]lr;Sy] xf]nfg\ .
clg ToxfF ePsf tL s'g /fhfsf] xf] d"lt{nfO{ efFre'r
F kf/]/ 6fpsf]sf]
ofqf:kz{

25

es'08f] v]ln;Sy] xf]nfg\ . xfd|f] b]zdf h:t} bf];f| ] hgcfGbf]ngkl5 .

/fh;+:yfsf] ktgkl5 g]kfndf sltko d"lt{xn] o:t} lgolt ef]u] .
ltgsf 6fpsfsf] es'08f] v]lnof] . hLp ;8sdf 8\/ n8\of] .
d"lt{ eg]sf] t lzNk xf] . snf xf] . PskN6 alg;s]sf] a:tLsf]
o;/L cjd"Nog ul/g' sltsf] plrt xf]nf < k]ml/ s] zfxj+zsf ;a}
/fhf v/fa} lyP t < clg b'O,{ tLg ;o jif{cl3sf] kl/j]znfO{ cfhsf]
;Gbe{df s]nfpg sltsf] ;fGble{s xf]nf < s] k[YjLgf/fo0f zfxn]
g]kfnsf] nflu s'g} of]ubfg} lbPgg\ <
;a}eGbf dflyNnf] tnf ;'g;fg /x]5 . ToxfFaf6 aflx/ lg:s]sf]
6]ln:sf]k;Fu} dflg; klg aflx/ afb{nLdf lg:sg ;lsg] :jrflnt
kn] v'Ng] 9f]sf /x]5 . clxn] of] aGb 5 . uf]nf] sf]7fsf] rf/}lt/
tnlt/ JofVof ul/Psf kmf]6fx /flvPsf 5g\ . d tL kmf]6fsf kmf]6f]
lvRg vf]H5' . t/ cgfof;} e"t k|s6 eP;/L Ps hgf uf8{ plTgv]/}
k|s6 eP/ ToxfF kmf]6f] lvRg dgfxL ePsf] s'/f] dnfO{ eG5 .
ug{ gkfOg] sfd ug{ vf]hs
] f]df d nlHht x'G5' . uf8{;uF Ifdf
dfU5' / cfk"mn] kmf]6f] lvRg dgfxL u/]sf] ;"rgf gk9]sf]df v]b k|s6
u5'{ . uf8{ cfgf] la|l6; ;Eotf b]vfpFb} g]e/ dfOG8 eg]/ d';S' s
xfF:5 .
ljsl;t b]zsf] kl/is[t ko{6g . ;+;f/el/sf dfG5] cf]Ol/G5g\ .
cfPsf dfG5]x oxfF klg lgs} a9L 5g\ . gcfpg\ klg t lsg < oxfF
ePs} 38Ln] t xf] lg ;f/f ;+;f/nfO{ cfk"mcg';f/ lxF8fpg] .
ljZjs} z"Go lsnf]ld6/ elgPsf] 7fpF . ljZjn] 5 eg]/ dfg]sf]
cb[Zo /]vfsf] pb\ud oxLFaf6 ePsf] 5 . ToxL /]vfn] of] 7fpFdf s]xL
k/;Dd cfsf/ kfPsf] 5 . oxL cfsf/df kfGtl/t ePsf] o;
ul/dfdoL cb[Zo /]vf cyf{t\ k|fOd d]l/l8og nfOgdf pleP/ kmf]6f]
lvRg ;a}nfO{ xtf/f] . Tof] eL8df Ps ;]sG] 8eGbf a9L ;do s;}n]
klg kfO/x]sf] lyPg . To:tf] eL8ef8df ca s;nfO{ d]/f] kmf]6f]
lvlrb]pg egL cg'/f]w ug]{ pgLx cfk}mF nfO{ kmf]6f] lvRg xtf/
26

ofqf:kz{

eO/x]sf] a]nfdf, pgLx cfk}mF n] ToxfF Ps ldg]6 klg /fd|/L pleg]

;do gkfO/x]sf] a]nfdf d]/f] kmf]6f] lvlrb]pg egL s;nfO{ ofpnf]
nufpg' k]ml/ . dnfO{ ToxfF pleP/ kmf]6f] lvrfO/xg'kg]{ cfjZostf
klg t lyPg lg d}n] ;f]x| jif{cl3 g} ToxfF pleP/ kmf]6f] lvrfO;s]sL 5' .
t/ d ToxfF PSn} k|fOd d]l/l8og nfOgsf] pb\udnfO{ x]//]
6f]nfO/x]sf] b]v/] s;/L Pp6f hfkfgL hf]8Ln] dnfO{ kmf]6f] lvlrlbg]
k|:tfj cl3 ;f/] . d]/f] kmf]6f] lvlrlbP . d}n] kQ} gkfPh:tf] eof] .
;a} :jtM:k"mt{ klxnf x]/s
] L lyPF ls lyOgF ;Demgf ePg, t/ o;kfnf
cAhe]6{ /Lsf] aflx/L k|f0faf6 nG8g ;x/sf] ljxd b[Zo x]//] a;]F .
ToxLF t /x]5 lg nG8g pm y]D; ToxLF 5 . ldn]lgod 8f]d ToxLF 5 .
cfk"mn] lrg]sf yfxf kfPsf slt NofG8dfs{x k|:6} b]lvFb5
} g\ .
ca ug'{ s] ev{/ Ps aHb}5 . ToxfF cfPsf tL ;Dk"0f{ dflg;x
;d"xsf] kdf cfPsf 5g\ . kl/jf/sf] kdf cfPsf 5g\ . hf]8Lsf]
kdf cfPsf 5g\ . ltgLx cfgf] k'm;{bsf] ;do cfgGbn] ToxfF
latfpg cfPsf 5g\ . ToxL eP/ x]gk{' g]{ s'/fx x]l/;s]kl5 ca
pgLxnfO{ s'g} lsl;dsf] xtf/ 5}g . tL cfgGbn] htf;'s} a;]sf
] f 5g\, vfPsf 5g\ clg gfr]sf
5g\, plePsf 5g\ . ;'ts
] f 5g\, lxF8s
klg 5g\ .
ddfq} ToxfF PSn} 5' . dnfO{ klg cfgf efjgf afF8g\ dg
nfu]sf] 5 . t/ d PSn} 5' . dnfO{ klg xfF:g dg nfu]sf] 5 . t/ d
PSn} 5' . dnfO{ klg ;a} yf]s ug{ dg nfu]sf] 5 . t/ s] ug'{ d PSn}
5' . PSn} eP tfklg d lvGg eg] 5}g . d b'MvL t k6Ss} 5}g . d
Psbd} v';L 5' . d oxfF ko{6gsf nflu cfPsL x'F . ko{6s PSnf] klg
t x'G5 .
dg;Fu dgsf] ;fOgf] crDds} x'bF f] /x]5 . ;fFrf] dgn] s;}nfO{
;lDemof] eg] cfgf] dgn] To;nfO{ t'?Gt} cfTd;ft ul/xfNbf] /x]5 .
cflv/ lxSslxSs cfpg' eg]sf] klg s;}n] cfk"mnfO{ ;lDemof] eGg] xf]
lg . cfgf ;GtfgnfO{ ;Grf] ePg eg] cfdfsf] 5ftL rl:sg] ub{5 .
ofqf:kz{

27

6]lnKofyL jf:tljst} t xf] lg . dgn] PSnf] cg'et" u/]sf] dfq} s]

lyof] . Toltv]/} bLksHo"sf] kmf]g cfof] ltdL gx'Fbf ;fx|} z"Go
nfUof] . cf slt PSn} 3'Dg k/]sf] rfF8} kmls{P x'Gg <
lu|gljr kfs{ ljzfn 5 . ;kmf;'U3/ / l;lgQ 5 . ;'S;'sfpFbf]
5 . ToxLF al;/x'h
F :tf] nfUg]5 . ToxfF dflg;x c;+Vo 5g\ . t/
lu|gljr kfs{sf] ljzfntfn] x"n k6Ss} b]lvFbg} . a]nfotsf] nflu
b'ne
{ x'g] 3fd clxn] lu|gljrsf] of] kl/j]zdf k|sl[ tn] d'Qm xftn]
5l/lbPsf] 5 . 3fdsf] Gofgf] dfofn' eP/ dnfO{ cFufnf] dfg{ cfOk'us
] f]
5 . dnfO{ ToxfFsf] Tof] ;Ddf]xs jftfj/0fn] ce}m nf]Eofpg 5f]8s
] f]
5}g . dnfO{ of] zflGt / dgdf]xs jftfj/0fnfO{ clxNo} 5f]l8xfNg
dg klg 5}g . ca ug]{ s] <
csf] b]vfl;sL ug]{ lgwf] d}n] u/]F . hLjgdf klxn] slxNo}
gu/]sf] sfd ug]{ lgwf] d}n] u/]F . Tof] v'nf kfs{df ;of}s
+ f] cfFvfsf]
cufl8, Pp6f vsf] d'lGt/ l;ofFndf d klg ndtGg} ;'ltlbPF .
pQfgf] k/]/ cfgGbn] ;'ltlbPF . cfgf] cf]5o\ fgdf afx]s csf] cfFvf
] L lyPF / < t}klg Toltv]/ nfh}
laemfpg] u/L To;/L slxn] kf] ;'ts
gdfg]/ cfk"mnfO{ la;]/{ ;'ltlbPF . 3fF;dfly olts} ;'ltlbPF .
t/ ToxfF dnfO{ s;}sf] klg cfFvf laemfPg . s;}n] dnfO{ kms]/{
klg x]/]g . d]/f] :jtGqtfdf s;}n] x:tIf]k u/]g . s;}n] dnfO{
c;lhnf]sf] cg'el" t g} u/fPg .
cfxf k|sl[ t;Fu Psfsf/ eP/ To;/L ;'Tbf slt cfgGb cg'et"
x'bF f] /x]5 d aofg} ug{ ;lSbgF . e'Od
F f ndtGg k/]/ of] w/fnfO{
5f]O/xFbf ltgsf] :kz{df slt ckgTj x'bF f] /x]5, Tof] t dnfO{ yfx}
lyPg . pQfgf] ;'t/] cfsfznfO{ lgofNbf k|sl[ tsf] slt glhs xf]ObF f]
/x]5, Tof]eGbf klxn] dnfO{ 1fg} lyPg . vsf] kftxsf hfnL
leqaf6 cfsfznfO{ x]bf{ To;df slt /fd|f] a'f b]lvFbf] /x]5 Tof] klxn]
hfg]s} sxfF lyof] / d ;'lt/x]F . knx laTb} /x] . cfgGbsf] ;+ju] n]
dnfO{ ;'d;'DofO/Xof] . dg To;}To;} t[Ktt[Kt eO/x\of] . hLjgsf]
28

ofqf:kz{

of] cfNxfbsf/L knsf] cfgGb kfpg of]eGbf klxnf dnfO{ s]n] /f]ss
] f]
lyof] < k|sl[ t;Fu Psfsf/ x'g dnfO{ s]n] 5]ss
] f] lyof] <
cfw'lgs hLjgsf] s[lqdtfn] xfdLnfO{ rfn} glbO{ k|sl[ taf6
6f9f k'ofO;s]5 . :jefljstfaf6 6f9f k'ofO;s]sf] /x]5 . xfdLn]
rfn} sxfF kfPsf 5f}F / < oxL cfw'lgstfn], oxL s[lqdtfn], xfdL
cfk}mF af6 klg 6fl9Fb} 5f}F . cfgf] kl/jf/af6 6fl9Fb} 5f}F . cfk"m PlSnFb}
5f}F . cfg} kl/j]zdf klg ckl/lrt x'bF } uO/x]sf 5f}F . of] ;To xfdLn]
a'g] k|of;} u/]sf 5}gf}F .
t/ clxn] cfP/ agfj6Lkgn] xfd|f] hLjg h]lnO;s]sf] 5 .
s[lqdtf xfd|f] hLjgsf] cleGg kIf x'g k'us
] f] 5 . ca xfdLn] rfx]/
klg xfdL k|fs[t x'g ;Sb}gf}F xf]nf .
kn ;]sG] 8df, ;]sG] 8 ldg]6df clg ldg]6 klg 3G6fsf] ;f]kfgdf
plSng} nfu]sf] 5 . laTb} u/]sf knxn] lgd]iflgd]if ub}{ Pp6f nfdf]
sfnv08nfO{ 5f]6o\ fO;s]sf 5g\ . hLjg ultzLn 5 . To;;Fu tfbfTDo
ldnfpg cfgf] kfOnf To;};uF ldnfpFb} rfNg ;lsof] eg] dfq afFRg
;lsG5 . xf]Og eg] t cfk"m kl5 kl/G5 . oxL hLjgn] rfn]sf] kfOnfsf]
rfn;Fu;Fu} rfn ldnfpgsf nflu ca d oxfFaf6 p7\gk' 5{ . oxLF
a;]/ dfq x'bF g} . cGt klg x]gk{' 5{ . d}n] lu|gljr kfs{nfO{ labfOsf]
;]t u/]F . p;n] klg cfgf vsf kftx xNnfP/ dnfO{ labf
uof] .

ofqf:kz{

29

pdf ;'j]bL
hGd M efb| %, emfkf .
tlKsP/ cGh'nLdf -uhn;\ux| _ k|sflzt . cGtb{l[ i6 -q}dfl;s_,
d]/f] g]kfn -}dfl;s_ sf] ;Dkfbg .
gO b'uf{u0f]z k'/:sf/ @)^&, ljZj g]kfnL k|yd cgnfOg /]l8of]
uhn k|ltof]lutf @)^^ -k|yd_, ;flxlTos rf}tf/L k'/:sf/ tyf
;Ddfg, @)!), cgnfOg ln6/]r/ 86 sdaf6 ;Ddflgt .
xfnM s';G' tL !#, nlntk'/ .
Email: us_bhandari2@yahoo.com

30

ofqf:kz{

;d'b;
| u
lk/tL
k/b]z a;fOsf k6\of/nfUbf lbgxdf /dfOnf] If0fsf] kl/sNkgf
dfqn] klg s]xL /fxt ldNbf] /x]5 . slxn]sfxLF t To:tf] /dfOnf]
If0fnfO{ jf:tljstfd} cg'ej ug{] df}sf gldNg] klg x}g t/ To:tf
If0fx cToGt} ;Lldt x'bF f /x]5g\ . cfgf] sfdaf6 km';b{ lgsfNg' ,
;fyLx e]nf kfg{' clg uGtJo to ug{' lgs} ufx|f] x'G5 . o:t} cK7\of/fx
aLraf6 lgsflnPsf] 5f]6f] ;do eg] cfh;Ddsf] ;a} lttf]kgf la;f{pg]
u/L :jflbnf] x'bF f]/x]5 . of] ;a} e"ldsf afFws
] f] d}n] d]/f] ;d' e|d0fnfO{
;Demgsf nflu xf] . d]/f] b'vfO sd ug{] cf}iflw xf] ;d' . of] la/fgf]
7fpFdf d]/f] efjgf ;f6\g] ;fyL xf] ;d' . To;}n] hlxn] cfgf]
sfdaf6 clnslt km';b{ ldN5 d p;nfO{ e]6g\ bf}l8P/ k'luxfN5' .
d hGd]sf] 7fpF kfFry/sf] t dnfO{ ;Demgf 5}g d}n] hn/flz
klxnf] kN6 b]vs
] f] lal/ vf]nf xf] . c;f/;fpgdf ufpF g} ysf{pg]
u/L Psf]xf]/f] tj/n] :jfF=== ub{} eo/ kdf k|:t't x'g] / kmfu'g
r}tlt/ xjfO{ rKkn klg aufpg g;Sg] u/L ynf kg{] To;sf] :jefj
dnfO{ k6Ss} dg kb{g} Yof] t/ klg d To;nfO{ x]//] /f]dflGrt x'Gy]F .
Ps k6s cfdf;Fu a/fxIf]q 3'Dg hfFbf rt/flsgf/df ndtGg kN6]sf]
ofqf:kz{

31

sf]zLnfO{ b]v/] ;f]ws

] L lyPF, cfdf ;d' oxL xf] < cfdfn] eGg'ePsf]
lyof], ;d' x]g{ t sfzL hfg'k5{ 5f]/L . clns 7"nL ePkl5 cfdfsf]
;d' 1fgaf/] yfxf kfP/ d v"a xfF;s
] L lyPF .
;fg}df ;fdflhs ljifodf k9]sf] / clnskl5 lxGbL l;g]dfsf]
kbf{df b]vs
] f]afx]s ;d';Fu d]/f] k|ToIf ;+jfb ug{] df}sf ldn]sf]
lyPg . rf/ jif{cl3 dWok"jL{ Pl;ofsf] ;fgf] ox'bL a:tLdf em/]kl5
;d';Fu kl/lrt x'g] df}sf ldNof] . oL rf/ jif{df ;d';Fusf] ;DaGw
cem uf8f x'bF } uof] / cfh d o;}sf] dfofn] klg oxfF a:g ;s]sL x'F
ls h:tf] nfU5 . gq t 6fps} dflyaf6 Kn]g p8]sf] b]vl] kR5] 3/
hfpFhfpF nfUg] of] afn'jfsf] y'kf| d
] f s] /;n] a:g' 5 / <
d]/f] ;d';Fu klxnf] e]6 Oh/fon cfOk'us
] f] Ps xKtfkl5 ePsf]
lyof] . kfl/jfl/s lj5f]8n] et\etL kf]ln/x]sf] 5ftLnfO{ To;n] s]xL
zLtn kfl/lbG5 ls eGg] cfzfn] / ;fg}bl] vsf] ;d' x]g]{ pTs6
clenfiffn] klg dnfO{ Totflt/ tfg]sf] lyof] . o;cl3 t]nclejsf]
rf/ gDa/ ckf6{, hxfF klxnf] lbg af; a;]sL lyPF .
ToxfF k'u/] ef/L la;fpg]lalQs} lbbLxnfO{ ;f]ws
] L lyPF, ;d'
oxfFaf6 slt 6f9f k5{ < ;Ldf pxfFn] Jo\UofTds kf/fdf eGg'ePsf]
lyof], x}g, ltdL t 3/ 5f]8/] cfPsf] lk/n] ;d'df xfdkmfNg hfg
nfu]sf] xf]sL s] xf] < ;a}n] d]/f] d'vdf x]/] . sf]7fdf Psl5g xfF;f]
5fof] . Tolta]n} xf] pxfFxsf d'vaf6 d}n] ;d'af/] k}nf] kN6 s]xL
hfgsf/L kfPsL lyPF . udL{ ofddf k|foM ;a} km';l{ bnfxsf] uGtJo
:yfg ;d' x'bF f]/x]5 . cem ;fFemkv ;d'nfO{ 5f]P/ aUg] xfjfsf]
zLtn :kz{ kfpg ;a} nfnflot x'bF f /x]5g\ . ;d' j0f{g ;'Gg]lalQs}
dnfO{ P]No} bf}l8P/ k'uF h
' :tf] ePsf] lyof] t/ ef]lnkN6} sfddf hfg'
kg{] ePsfn] /x/ df/]/ a;]sL lyPF .
z'qmaf/ lbpF;f] d]/f] @ ah] g} 5'l ePkl5 d st} gx]/L /dftufgsf]
ha'ltG:sL /f]8 x'bF } t]nclejsf] xflr{of]g !@ df /x]sf] xfd|f] rf/
gDa/ ckf6{dG] 6tkm{ nfu]F . sl/a kfFr ldg]6 a;df bf}l8Pkl5 d ckf6{
32

ofqf:kz{

k'luxfn]F . s[i0ff / k|ldnf klxn] g} cfP/ al;/x]sf /x]5g\ . s]xLl5g

kl5 ;Ldf pxfF / c pxfF alxgLx klg cfpg'eof] . ck/fXg % ah]
xflr{of]g /f]8af6 lne]G:sL /f]8 x'bF } xfdLn] ;d' ofqf ;'? uof}F .
km/flsnf ;8sx, k}bn ofq'sf] ;'ljwfsf nfly afSn} h]af| qml;,
cfsfzlt/ ;f]lemPdf cUnf 3/x, af6fsf b'jt} km{ afx|d
} f; xl/o}
/xg] Psgf;] vx ToxfFsf] j}ej k:sg sfkmL lyP .
rf/kfFr ldg]6sf] b"/Ldf k}bn ofqLsf ;'ljwfsf nflu rf}/ftf
/flvPsf lyP . xf]6n, /]:6'/G] 6 / k;nxsf] rxnkxndf rf/}lt/
;kmf ;'Gb/ aftfj/0f ToxfFsf] eJotfsf lg;fgL lyP . lxFl8/xFbf dnfO{
Psk6s sf8df8f}+sf] afuahf/, /Tgkfs{ cf;kf;sf 7fpFx,
k'tnL;8saf6 3]sn
' f]lt/ pSng] afF;3f/Lsf] ;fF3/' f] af6f]sf] ofb
gcfPsf] x}g t/ Tof] ;Demgf w]/a} /] ;Dd /x]g . 5f]6f] b"/Ldf /x]sf
/d0fLo kfs{xn] d]/f] Wofg lvlrxfn] . kfs{df ;kl/jf/ e]nf
ePsfxsf] vfgkfg / gfrufg rln/x]sf] lyof] eg] o'jfo'jltx
cFufnf]df a]l/P/ Pscsf{nfO{ r'Ddg ub{} :jtGq lxFl8/x]sf lyP .
o'jfxsf] eGbf cem kl/kSs z}nLdf dfof ;f6\b} d:sfd:sL
ul//x]sf k|f9} k'?if dlxnfx b]Vbf nfUof] s] ljkgfd} of] ;a eO/x]sf]
5 t < of] ljkg} xf] eGg] k|:6 ePkl5 d nfhn] v'Dr]/ ;fgL ePsL
lyPF . Toltv]/ dnfO{ cfgf ufpFsf a"9fkfsfxsf] ofb cfof], hf] lax]
u/]sf] jiff{;
F} Dd Pscfk;df af]Ng nfh dfGy] eGg]h:tf ls+jbGtLx
d}n] ufpF3/df w]/} k6s ;'gs
] L lyPF .
af6fel/sf o:tf cgf}7f, ckTofl/nf b[Zox x]b}{ cl3 a9\bf
xfdL yfx} gkfO ;d' lsgf/df k'lu;s]5f}F . Tof] lsgf/ d}n] sNkgf
u/]eGbf w]/} km/s lyof] . 7fpF s'7fpF ;]t} km'ns
] f] sfF;3f/L / cfsf/
gldn]sf 9'fxn] pa8vfa8 b]lvg] lal/h:tf] t Tof] 5Fb} lyPg .
;fgbf/ xf]6n, eJo dxnx, cfsif{s au}r
F f, ;]tf] kfgLsf kmf]x/fx
ePsf] To:tf] cj/0fLo ;hfj6o'Qm uGtJo d}n] o;cl3 slxNo} b]vs
] }
lyOgF . Tof] ;a} rdsbds b]v/] PskN6 t d nf6Lh:t} cSs g aSs
ofqf:kz{

33

ePsL lyPF . ;d'L lsgf/ olt dgdf]xs x'G5 eGg] d}n] cg'dfg u/]sL
lyOgF . xfdL k"mn}km"nsf kfs{x / cf]xf]/bf]xf]/ ul//x]sf afSn}
dflg;xsf ;d"xnfO{ kf/ u/]/ ;d'Lt6df k'Uof}F . cfFvfn] EofP;Dd
gLnf] kfgLsf] Ps5q ;fd|fHo d}n] lgs}a/;Dd lgofnL /x]F . 6f9}af6
bz{g u/]/ dfq d]/f] dg c3fPg . afn'jfsf] la:s'g s'NrFb} cem cl3
a9]/ d}n] To;nfO{ cfg} xftn] 5f]PF .
d?e"ldsf] tftf] afkmnfO{ ;'nQ
' } lgn]sf] To; ;d'sf] lr;f] :kz{
kfP/ d Psl5g efjljef]/ eO/x]F .
;d';Fusf] of] k|yd kl/ro xflb{stfk"0f{ /x] klg d]/f] sf}tx" n
eg] zfGt ePsf] lyPg . 5]psf] afn'jfdf ndtGg kN6]sL uf]/L o'jtL;Fu
d}n] s]xLa]/ enfs';f/L u/]F . of] e"dWo;fu/ /x]5 . o;}sf] lsgf/df
pQ/blIf0ftkm{ nfdf] / k"j{ klZrd rf}8fO ;fFu/' f] eP/ Oh/fon
eGg] b]z a;]sf] /x]5 eGg] yfxf kfPF . pQ/df ltj]l/of / blIf0ftkm{
Onft /x]sf] Oh/fonsf] k"j{ klZrdsf] s'g} s'g} efu eg] olt ;fFul' /Psf]
5 ls s]xLIf0fd} ;Ldf jf/kf/ ug{ ;lsG5 .
k|ldnfn] tfg]/ nu]sLn] uf]/L;Fusf] ;+jfb aLr}df 6'6g\ k'Uof] .
x]bf{xb] }{ xfdL c:tfpg nfu]sf] ;"o{ laDak/L /ft} ePsf] e"dWo;fu/df
kf}8L v]Ng egL k:of}F . cl3b]lv v]ln/x]sf c3{gUg uf]/Lx xfdLnfO{
n'u;
} uF kfgLdf k;]sf] b]v/] pb]s dflg/x]sf b]lvGy] . xfdL pgLxsf
klx/g b]v/] nfhn] lha|f] 6f]SYof}F / d'v 5f]k/] xfF:YofF} . ToxfF b'O{ cnu
;+:sf/af6 lgld{t km/s dgf]lj1fg :jefljs 9df k|s6 ePsf] lyof]
t/ b'j} kIf c:jfefljs tj/n] rlst eO/x]sf lyof}F . ZnLntf /
clZnntf eGg] Pp6f s[lqd cjwf/0ff xf] .
o:tf] wf/0ff 7fpF / ;dfhn] cfgf] cg'sn
" tfsf nflu agfPsf]
x'G5 eg]/ d}n st} k9]sL lyPF . To;sf] cfzo To; a]nf cfkm}F ef]Ugfn]
/fd|/L a'em]F . hF3f/ k/;Dd km}lnPsf] x'gfn] lgw{Ss ;d';Fu v]Ng
;lsGYof] . sDd/;Ddsf] kfgLeGbf k/ hfg /f]s nufpFb} ;'/Iff uf8{x
glhsaf6 s/fO/x]sf x'Gy] . b'O{ xTs]nfn] e'OF 6]s/] } uf]8f 5KNof
34

ofqf:kz{

5KNof kfb{} lal/ vf]nfdfh:t} d ToxfF /dfPF . slxn] d b'j} xftn]

kfgL ;f]xf]//] ;"on
{ fO{ c3{ lbPem}F uyF]{ eg] slxn] ;d'nfO{ b'j} xTs]nfn]
kfn}kfnf] emfk8 xfGb} /dfO/dfO ;d' :gfg ul//x]sf a]nf dnfO{
h]7sf] rsf{] 3fdn] lkNofPsf] 5fnf ;]nfpg bf}l8P/ lal/ vf]nfdf
k;]sf tL lbgsf] ofb cfof] .
ef]66] f/dflysf] hnaf6 :ofpn] 3fF; lnO{ kms{b+ f kl;gfn] lgy|S' s}
lelhGYof] . k"/} z/L/ eTetL kf]n/] vKg' x'GgYof] . /flwsf, lgd{nf / d
au/df :ofpnf kmfn]/ bxdf Psl5g 8'AYof}F . lsgf/sf vaf6
n5fl/P/ vf]nflt/ em'lG8Psf] ef]nf{sf] nx/f] ;dfP/ dlRrFb} kfgLdf
em\jfDd kmfnxfGYof}F . efsf xfn]/ uLt ufpFb} kfn}kfnf] ef]nf{sf] nx/f]af6
vf]nfdf kmfnxfg]sf] b[Zo kSs} dg nf]Eofpg] vfns} x'bF f] xf] ta t
zflGtk'/af6 cb'jf, cnFr
} L / clDn;f] a]Rg ahf/ hfg]x clns
dfly afFwdf 8f]sf] la;fP/ /dfO/dfO xfdLnfO{ x]y]{ . /flwsf / lgd{nf
kfgLdf v]Ng 5f8]/ km"naf/L ;hfpg] blN5g9'f a6'Ng] sfo{df nfUy] .
PskN6 d ef]nf{sf] nx/f]af6 xfdkmfNbf 9'fdf lgs} dhfn] k5fl/PsL
lyPF .
9'fdf 7f]lsP/ 3'8F f] emGg}n] v'l:sPsf] . d]/f] z/L/ ;d'L hF3f/df
lgs} dfly;Dd 8'as
] f] lyof] eg] dg r}F lal/ vf]Nfdf k"/} 8'as
] f] lyof] .
d]/f v'fx yfxf gkfpFbf] u/L la:tf/} vt/fsf] ;]t ePlt/ ;b{}
/x]5g\ . 5fnn] x'TofP/ dnfO{ Totflt/ nfFb} /x]5 . d cflQl/P/
rLRofpFbf ;Ldf pxfF bf}8/] cfO{ d]/f] kfv'/fdf ;dft]/ tfGg'eof] .
lgs} ;f/f] rLRofP5' Sof/, 7"nf] ;d"xn] dnfO{ 3]l/xfNof] . aflx/
lg:s]/ d nfhn] sfnLlgnL ePsf] ToxfF pkl:yt ;a}n] e]p kfP .
;d';Fu klxnf] k6s clj:d/0fLo kl/ro ePsf] s]xL dlxgf
kl5 d km]l/ To;nfO{ e]6g\ uPF . To;kfnL To;sf] g'lgnf] kfgLn] d]/f]
unfsf] ;LqmL r'8F flnlbof] . o; 36gfkl5 dnfO{ lsglsg em\jfDd
k;]/ kf}8Lv]lnxfNg 8/ Nfu]/ cfpFYof] . To;}n] d lsgf/df a;]/
To;nfO{ Psf]xf]/f] kn] x]l//xGy]F . Tof] k/}bl] v lgs} a]un] x'lQP/
ofqf:kz{

35

dlt/ cfpFYof] / 5fnx dfly;Dd p7]/ dnfO{ 5'g vf]HYof] . o;/L

xfdL nfdf] ;do;Dd lhl:s/xGYof}F . slxn] d To;nfO{ cfg} lal/
;Dem]/ cGh'nLdf p3fpFy] / To;sf] g'lgnf] :jfb yfxf kfPkl5 d'v;Dd
NofP/ klg kmflnlbGy]F . slxn] Tof] h'?Ss} p7]/ d]/f] sfg;Dd cfOk'UYof]
/ uDeL/ cfjfhdf s]xL km':km';fpFYof] . o;/L d}n] ;d';Fu w]/} ;do
u'hf/]sL 5' .
kl5Nnf] k6s d To;nfO{ e]6g\ @)^& ;fnsf] tLhsf] ;fj{hlgs
labfdf uPsL lyPF . d]/f ;fydf d]/L elthL d]gs
' f / Oh/fonL ;fyL
ld/L lyP . Tof] lbg dnfO{ lwt d?Gh]n hxfhdf a;]/ ;d' ljxf/
ug{] /x/ lyof] t/ ;w}F zfGt / uDeL/ b]lvg] ;d' o;kfnL s]xL
l/;fPsf] h:tf] nfUYof] . ;fgf] kfgLhxfhdf a;]/ ha xfdL ljzfn
;d'sf] 5ftLdf t}l/g yfNof}F . To;n] cfgf] tf08jg[To ;' ul/xfNof] .
xf]rf]cUnf] x'bF } x'lQP/ cfpg] 5fnxn] hxfhnfO{ sf]N6] kfy{] / xfdL
hxfhaf6 kf]lvgkf]lvg vf]Hbfvf]Hb} aRYof}F . If0fe/ l:y/ ePsf]
hxfh km]l/ csf{lt/ 3f]lK6g vf]HYof] . d]g'sf / hxfhdf a;]sf
cx o;}df dhf dfgLdfgL kmf]6f] lvRg tNnLg b]lvGy] t/ d]/f]
d'6n
' ] eg] 7fpF 5fl8;s]sf] lyof] . dgdf cg]s ck;s'gxn] h'n;
'
ug{ yfln;s]sf lyP . hxfh 5]p nfu]kl5 ;d'L t6df kfOnf 6]Sg]
lalQs} d}n] ;a}sf ;fd' s;d vfPsL lyPF, cab]lv slxNo} hxfh
r9\lbg eg]/ . To; lbg d}n] cfkm"nfO{ 7"nf] b'36{ gfaf6 ;s'zn 3/
kms{s
] f] ofqL 7fg]sL lyPF .
;do Psgf;n] alu/x]s} 5 . ;do;Fu} Tof] e"dWo;fu/ klg
slxn] zfGt / slxn] pQfpnf] kf/fn] alu/x]s} xf]nf . hlta]nf d
sfdaf6 km';b{ kfpF5,' rf/ dlxgfcl3 hxfhaf6 emG8}emG8} 3f]lK6Psf]
qf;b If0fnfO{ lal;{P/ To;nfO{ e]6g\ nfnflot eOxfN5' .

36

ofqf:kz{

To; lbgsf] sxfnLnfUbf] If0fsf] ;Demgfn] klg dnfO{ afFw/]

/fVg ;Sb}g . lat]sf 8/nfUbf If0fx kl5 kms{/] x]bf{ /f]dfGrs nfUbf
/x]5g\ . dnfO{ To:tf /f]df~rx kf]N6fel/ kf]sf] kf/]/ g]kfn n}hfg
kfP s:tf] x'bF f] xf] eGg] nflu/xG5 . ca d of] b]z;Fu c3fO;s]F t/
o;sf] sfFvd
} f 8]/f hdfP/ a;]sf] ;d';Fu s]xL dL7f knx ;f6\g]
lt;{gf eg] cem} afFsL g} 5 .

ofqf:kz{

37

s]bf/ ;]t
hGd M @)@^

/fd]5fk, /:gfn' ( .

;LdfxLg laDax -;+oQ

' m sljtf;\ux| _ @)^#, lu|gljrsf
k|ltWjlgx -;+oQ
' m sljtf;\ux| _ @)^^, Py]G;sf] em/L
-lgofqf;\ux| _ @)^&, k}os
F' f km"nx -xfOs';\ux| _ @)^* cflb
k|sflzt .
kj{t] k'/:sf/ xs !((# ljwf sljtf, cGt/f{li6o ;flxTo
;dfh, 7fs'/k|;fb /]UdL k'/:sf/ @)!! ljwf lgofqff/f
;Ddflgt .
;lrj ls/fFt ;'gj' f/ ;]jf ;dfh a]nfot @))&@))(, ;b:o
cGt/f{li6o ;flxTo kl/ifb\ a]nfotnufot tyf cGo ;+3
+
;+:yfx;Fu cfa4 .
;Dkfbs ;flxTo ;Fufnf] 86 sd tyf ;x;DkfbsM tf] ;]n k"m
;'gj' f/L dfl;s .
xfnM a]nfotM xfDk;fO/
Email: kedarsangket@gmail.com

38

ofqf:kz{

b'aO{sf] k]/f]gL;u Ps /ft

a]nfotsf] cGt/f{li6o ljdfg:yn lxy|fs] f] gofF 6ld{gn, 6ld{gn
kmfPedf laxfg e]6 eof] xfdL tLg 6fpsfsf] . 6fpsfxdf qmdzM
hok|sfz ;'gj' f/, lht nfdf clg d]/f] lyof] .
hok|sfz bfO Sofl6s sfpG6Laf6, lht nfdf efO 8f]e/ s]G6
sfpG6Laf6 / d sf]e xfDk;fO/af6 . xfdL a]nfotsf] dxFuLsf]
ps';d's;
' sf] 3]/faf6 aflxl/Fb} lyofF} . xfdL xsldb sf/hfOsf] ;x/
sfa'nlt/, a';Sof;L -3f]8f bf}8af6 d/]sf] ufO{sf] afR5f]nfO{ tf]lsPsf]
;]tf] /]lvP 3]/fdf k|ltGLnfO{ 5n]/ k'ofpg'_ / 8u kmfO6 x]g{ k'Uof}F .
6fS;LnfO{ k};f lt/Ljl/ leq k:of}F Pp6f ;'6s]; l3;fb}{ . gofF
6ld{gndf gofF dfG5] kl/of], Psl5g t lemlnldnL ofOF .
x'g klg a]nfotsf] lk|m :6flG8 ejgxdf of] g} cfh;Ddsf]
ljzfn dflgG5 . oxfFsf sfFrsf l;;fx PNd'lgodsf kftfsf
;xfotfdf e'mlG8Psf 5g\ cfsfz g} 9fs]/ . l;;}l;;faf6 lgld{t
ePsf] sf/0fn] ubf{ leq s'g} 5'} cfsfzd'lg a;]sf] efg eof] dnfO{ .
cN6f EjfOn]6 ePsf dxFuf] l;;f h8fg ul/Psf] eP/ xf]nf Ps
k|sf/sf] zLtn ldN5 oxfFleqsf jftfj/0fdf .
ofqf:kz{

39

s:tf] x}, 3fdlagf / lx6/lagfsf] Gofgf]df cs{} cfgGb . cs{}

cg'el" tsf] ;Fufnf] .
oltv]/ dgdf tftf] xfjfsf] slnnf] :kz{n] 5Fb' } 5 .
xfdL oltv]/ xfjfdf p8\b5
} f}F .
xfdL p8\b5
} fF} O6nLsf] k]/f]gL x]g,{ :kz{ / kdf n6\l7g
Ps/ft .
;'Gg;Dd ;Sof xf] b]Vof x}g . gb]vk] l5 c yfxf x'g] t s'/}
ePg .
Tof] lbgsf] af; ToxfF eP klg csf{] lbg cGt st} k'Ug' t 5Fb}
lyof] .
r]ls klg sfpG6/df hfg' gkg{] . cfkmF} sDKo'6' /df ubf{ x'g] .
d]/f] cg'ejdf of] k|of]u lgtfGt gf}nf] nfUof] . ofq'xnfO{ cfgf] dhL{
ofndf a:g] ls lardf . bfFofafFof . otfptf . cufl8 k5fl8 .
cfkmFn
} ] 5fg]sf] l;6df a:g kfOg] of cGt} . Sof dHhf t/ rfF8}
k'Ug'kof] lg ljdfg:yndf eg] . hLjgdf dflg;n] gfkmf3f6fsf] s'/f]
eg]sf] klg o:t} cfwf/nfO{ dfg]/ u/]sf] x'gk' 5{ .
cfhsf] ljZj, cfhsf] 6]Sgf]nf]hLsf] o'u, vlkg;Sg'g} eO;Sof]
;j{;fwf/0fsf nflu t . of] sf/0fn] ls ca x/]s s'/fx, sfo{x
l/df]6 / sDKo'6/sf] sdfG8df rNg yfn] .
;fdfg lsGg ;lsg] g]6af6} .
xjfO{ l6s]6 g]6af6} .
kqfrf/ g]6af6} .
casf] xfd|f] ofqfx Kffvfkv]?df dfq xfO;~rf] tl/sfn] ug{
afx]s cGt /x]g . To;}n] d ;f]Rg] u5{' cfhsn w]/} eGbf w]/} d]/f] ufpF
/ tL u|fdL0f kl/j]z . hxfF d e'mqf] / emfd|fd
] f n'6k'l6Fb} x's,]{ a9F] . t/
40

ofqf:kz{

cfh d hGd]sf] kfvf 5 . 6fF8 5 . hldg 5 . af/Lsf 9'uF f,df6f] /

u/fx 5g\ . t/ ljsf;sf] gfddf vf;} s]xL x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . sRrL
df]6/af6f] 5 e/kbf]{ ofq'a; 5}gg\ .
wf/f 5, kfgL 5}g . hgwg 5, ;'/Iff 5}g . hxfF ;'/Iff x'Gg
ToxfFsf] hghLjg lg:;fl:;Psf] x'G5 . lah'nLaQLsf nf 5g\ t/
cFWof/f] 5 ufpF . :s'nx 5g\ ;fdu|Lx 5}gg\ .
Jofkf/ 5}g . Jofj;fo 5}g . s'g} cfly{s sf/f]af/sf] gfd lg;fgf
5}g . ufpFdf lglZrGt / ;xL lbzfaf]wsf] sfo{gLlt 5}g . ;xL dfu{bz{g
5}g . clg c o:tf y'k}| y'k}| 5g\ ug{' / eGg'kg{] . la:tf/} u|fdL0f
lrGtg gfds 5f]6f] k':tsdf eb}{ hfpFnf .
d klg x/]s kl/aGwn] ubf{ ef}tF f/L /x]5' . d]/f x/]s knxdf
dg s'lF 8/xG5g\ . To;}n] ef]ln lhTgs} nflu cfhsf x/]s knxdf
d xfl//x]sf] 5' .
d o;df lglZrGt 5' . To;}n] ofqfs} qmddf d lg/Gt/ aUb} 5' .
x'lQ/x]sf] 5' . t}l//x]sf] 5' . /, of] qmd hf/L /xg]5 .
d oltv]/ 6ld{gnleq k|j]z ul/;s]sf] 5' . ofqfs} b[Zo
;Dkfgbsf] l;nl;nfdf 5f]6f] rrf{ ug{' plrt 7fgF] oltv]/, of] 6ld{gn
agfpFbf ePsf s]xL 36gfxsf] .
!= Ps ;o x]S6/df eGbf a9L hldgdf ag]sf] . ljZjsf] ;a}eGbf
Jo:t xjfO{c8\8f . o;sf] hu vGbf c;L xhf/eGbf a9L k'/ftflTjs
j:t'x km]nf k/]sf] oxfFsf e"ue{ ljefusf] bfaL 5 . sfd ug{] cf}hf/,
df6fsf efF8fs'8F f, #))) aL=;L= df lgld{t a~r/f] / sf7sf efF8f,
sf7}sf as]6x !%))!!)) aL=;L= df ag]sf] dfntfnx e]fpgfn]
a]nfotsf k'/ftfljs ljefusf cg';Gwfg ug{] ljfg\xnfO{ yk 6]jf
k'us
] f] s'/f t gf}nf] ePg g} .

ofqf:kz{

41

@= gAa] ldlncg a]nfotdf lelqg] ofq'xdWo] tL; ldlncg

o;} 6ld{gnaf6 p8fg eg]{ u/]sf] k'li6 .
#= cfsfz rf/}lt/ l;;}l;;fn] ag]sf] x'gfn] 3fdsf] k|sfz
;lhn};uF leq l5b{5 . h;sf] sf/0fn] ubf{ of] 6ld{gndf lah'nLsf]
vkt w]/} g} x'g] ub{5 .
$= of] 6ld{gnsf] l8hfOg !(*( af6 ;'? u/] klg cflwsfl/s
kdf kf; eg] gf]eD] a/ @))! eof] .
%= oL ljleGg sf/0fxn] 6ld{ng lgdf{0f x'g k"/} ;ft jif{
nfUof] . oxfFsf afl;Gbfsf lj/f]wkq, a]nfotsf] cfly{sdf ptf/r9fj
/ dGb sfo{gLltsf] tf/tDotfn] of] b]zsf sfo{gLlt klg c5'tf] /xg
;s]g . kmn:jkM a]nfotsf dxf/fgL Plnhfj]y ltLon] dfr{ !$
tfl/v pb\3f6g u/] tfklg @& tfl/v dfq ;~rfngdf cfof] of]
6ld{gn . ;+;f/sf] ldl8ofsf] Wofg w]/} lbg;Dd ot} s]lGb|t /Xof] .
d}n] ;fdfg hfFr u/fP/ cf]Pl6 n~hlt/ nfu]F . 38Ln] laxfgsf]
;do cf7 ah]sf] ;]t lbFb} lyof] . d gofF 6ld{gndf lt/v'l/Fb} lyPF .
dgdf xtf;kg v} lsg xf] cf]Ol/g yfNof] . w]/} xjfO{c8\8fx
b]lvof] t/ oxfFsf] h:tf] ;'Jojl:yt st} klg b]lvPg .
hok|sfz bfO;Fu 6ld{gnleqsf] Sofkm]df g} e]6 eof] . skmL
lkpFb} x'gx' G' yf] . xfd|f] ukm dlRrg yfNof] . clt ldhfl;nf], sf]dn
x[bosf wgL pgL a]nfotL ;}lgssf l/6fo6{ SofK6]g x'g\ . xfd|f]
;'?sf] kN6g Pp6} geP klg kl5 !((& df a]nfotL kmf}hL & uf]vf{
/fOkmN; / !) uf]vf{ /fOkmN; ldl;Pkl5 xfdL Pp6} a6flnogdf
s]xL jif{;uF } sfd ug{] df}sf ldn]sf] lyof] .
lht nfdf efO eg] 6g] df l9nf] ePsf] va/ ctflnFb} ;'gfpFb}
lyP df]afOnaf6 . pxfFs
F f] cfjfh lSnoP/ lyPg .

42

ofqf:kz{

ljleGg /fi6sf ofq'x klg a8f] crlDdt dfGb} cjnf]sg

ul//x]sf lyP of] ljzfn xjfO{cfnfO{ . dnfO{ nfUof] w]/} jif{kZrft\
a]nfot ;/sf/n] gofF k|ljlwnfO{ k|of]udf NofPs} xf] .
xfdL lht nfdf efOsf] kvf{O{ df lyofF} . geGb} pxfFF x:ofFkm:of
ub{} cfP . p8\g] ;do eO;s]sf] sf/0fn] ubf{ xfdL stf/ Po/nfOG;sf]
af]O @%@ xjfO{hxfh r9]/ rf/ 3G6fkZrft\ b'aO{sf] cGt/f{li6o
Po/kf]6d
{ f plqG5f}F .
lbgsf] To:t} b'O{ ah]sf] x'bF f] xf], xfdLnfO{ lng sDkgLaf6 Ps
hgf >Lnfsf] 8fOe/ / k|df]b efO cfPsf lyP . xfdLnfO{ leNnfdf
k'Ug sl/a tL; ldg]6 nfUof] . af6fdf ljleGg /dfOnf b[Zox b]lvg
yfn] . a]nfotsf hL0f{ 3/xeGbf oxfFsf uugr'DaL 3/xdf oL
cfFvfx w]/} /dfP . oxfFsf ;kmf ;8s, Jojl:yt 6flkms nfO6, rf}
/:tf af6fx, ;8ssf bfofFafofF /f]lkPsf vx, cfw'lgs vfnsf
ejgx oxfFsf k|dv
' cfslif{t rLhx x'ge
\ g] ljZjs} cUnf] ejg
a'h{ vflnkmsf] b[Zon] t emg\ s'g a]nf Tof] 7fpFdf k'uf}h
F :tf] nflu/Xf] .
t/ cj gv]n xfjf{/] PG8 6fj/ of]eGbf c r'lnP/ xhf/
ld6/ cyf{t\ Ps lsnf] ld6/sf] aGg] Joxf]/f b'aO{ a]; lgdf{0f sDkgLn]
hfgsf/Ldf NofPsf] 5 . hxfF @)) j6f tNNff, !%) j6f leGgfleGg}
ln6, #) xhf/ sfdbf/, !) xhf/ sf/ kfs{, !( xhf/eGbf a9Lsf]
cfjf;, tLg xhf/ kfFr ;o xf]6nsf sf]7f tyf of] 6fj/ alg;s]kl5
sfd ug{] ;a} u/]/ Ps nfveGbf a9L dflg;x oxfF /xg]5 . of]
b'aO{sf] glhs} h]jn
] cnLdf cjl:yt /xg]5 .
xfdL s]xLIf0fd} leNnf gDa/ #% df k'U5fF} . leNnfcufl8 ;fgf]
au}r
F f / ToxfF k'mn]sf df};dL k"mnxsf e'mG8n] 5'} cfgGbsf] cg'el" t
ldNYof] . udL{ t 5Fb} lyof] t/ k|df]b efOn] lr;f]lr;f] k]okbfy{sf]
Joj:yf klg ldnfOxfNg'eof] . xfdL s]xLl5g au}+rfdf g} ugyg]
ukmxdf ?dlNnof}F .
ofqf:kz{

43

xfdL laxfg} k'us

] f] x'gfn] lrofkfg ul/of] . clkm; klg pQm
leNnfdf g} ePsf] x'gfn] ToxfFsf ;a} :6fkmx;Fu k|e/' fd /fO{ bfOn]
kl/ro u/fpg'eof] . lbg w]/} afFsL /x]sfn] s]xLa]/ xfdL ToxLF g}
cf/fd u/]/ a'h{ vflnkm, ljZjs} cUnf] dfgj lgld{t 6fj/ x]gt{ km{
nfUofF} .
cfwf 3G6f xfdL rf/ hgf ToxfF k'UofF} . xfd|f] sDkgLsf] sf/
;f]xL ejgsf] sf/kfs{df kfs{ uof}F . dWofGxn] ;do l5rf]nL;s]sf]
x'gfn] xfdLn] s]xL vfg] lgwf] uof}F . ToxfF ljleGg b]zsf ofq'x
e|d0fsf] nflu cfpg] ePsfn] Pp6f tNnfdf /]:6'/G] 6 g} /]:6'/G] 6 lyof] .
h:t}M hfkfg, sf]l/of, yfONofG8, lkmlnlkG;, rfOlgh, d]lS;sg / c
y'k}| klZrdL b]zxsf vfgf klg lyof] . of] g} d]/f] cfh;Ddsf]
cg'ejsf] Ps} 7fpFdf w]/} b]zsf vfgfx Kffpg] Pp6f tNnf lyof] .
hxfF cfkm"n] vfg rfx]sf] kl/sf/x kfOGYof] . xfd|f] of] lha|fn
] ]
:jfb glnFbf]xf] t, yfxf gkfpFbf]xf] t ;+;f/df olQ dL7fdL7f
kl/sf/xsf] /:jf:jfbg ug{ g} sxfF kfOGYof] / < xfd|f aQL;
bGtx d]l;gsf h;/L rNg yfn] . xfd|f KofG6], ofDk], pQfg] / ;'s]
e'8F Lx 6Dd eP .
k]6sf] s'Og]6f]nfO{ el/e/fp kfl/;s]kl5 xfdL ;f] 6fj/sf] aflx/
kfgL 5fnsf] gfFr x]g{ lg:SofF} . ljleGg efsfdf gfr]sf] kfgLsf]
nx/sf] Tof] gfrn] of] dg klg ;fFRr} Psl5g t dHhfn] g} gfRof] .
3/} 5]psf] 5x/] 5fFufdf xfjf rNbf p8]/ cfPsf] kfgLsf l56fn] w]/}
jif{ klxn] leh]sf] ofb km]l/ cfh dgdf Ps;/f] knfof] .
tL ljutsf ofbn] dHhfn] g} lehfof] . d}n] Tof] k|r08 3fddf
klg dg zLtn] el/Psf] dx;'; u/F] . d k'nlst ePF . d kfgLsf
s[lqd 5fnxsf e'mG8 gfr]em} F d gfRg yfnF] dgleqsf ;+jfbx;Fu .
xfdL Pscsf{sf] t:jL/x lvRg yfNof}F . a'h{ vflnkm *@*
ld6/ cyf{t\ @,&!& lkm6sf] ;+;f/s} cUnf] 6fj/sf] s]xL t:jL/x
44

ofqf:kz{

lvRofF} . xfd|f ;fyL k|df]b efOn] ;fx|} /fd|f t:jL/ lvRg] ePsf]n] ;a}n]
pxfFn
F fO{ g} ;'DkGYof}F xfd|f Sofd/fx . xfdL ca kfgL gfrsf] sDd/
dsf{Oaf6 cf]em]lng yfNofF} . ljleGg b]zsf ko{6sxsf] cfudgn]
;fFRRf} of] ;x/ Jo:t lyof] . k]/f]gLsf] :kz{df e'mDg' cem} rf/ 3G6f
afFsL lyof] . hok|sfz bfOsf] xftsf] 38L x]/fOn] lht nfdf efO /
of] ;]tn] rfn gkfPh:tf] t ug{' g} lyof] .
lbgn] sf]N6] km]b}{ lyof] . 38Lsf ;'Ox 3'Db} lyP t/ 3fdsf]
dfofn] 5f]8s
] f] lyPg .
udL{sf] xfjf axFb} lyof] . sf]nfxndf dfG5]x x/fpFb} lyP t/
emg\ ahf/ el/Fb} lyof] .
oxfF ;fFemdf a9L dfG5]sf] rfk e]6b\ } 5' d .
oxfF ;]tf n'ufdf s]6fx / sfnf n'ufdf s]6Lxsf] jr{:j b]Vb}
5' d .
dfgj ;Eotfsf] k'Ug'kg{] r'nL 5 lg Tof] / x'gk' g{] uf}0ftfdf
logLxnfO{ x]//] vl:sG5' d . tn em5{' . e'6fglt/ k'U5' . anfb]z
/ ef/tlt/ t}l/g k'U5' / ;lDemG5' d]/f] b]zsf] b'Mlvof el/of cyf{t\
ef]sf / ysfgn] cf]8fNb} u/]sf] ;dodf k'us
] f] a]nf dfu]/ eP klg
vfOG5 s'sn
' 9fs t .
t/ o'/f]klt/ o:tf] xFb' g} . ;Fus
} f] ;fyLn] SjfKkSjfKk lsg]/ vfG5
/ afFsLn] y's 3'6S\ ofpFb} a:g'k5{ . t/ oxfF Tof] geP/ x]Nkk'mn eg]
Tolt b]lvFbg} . g]kfnLsf] :j/ ;'Gg]lalQs} cs{} b[li6efjn] x]bf{/x]5g\ .
xfdL km]l/ c k/ x'lQG5f}F .
udL{n] xfd|f dgx kfSg yfn] . kfgL lkpg] / ofNg] sfd t eO
g} /Xof] lg/Gt/ Tof] lbg . ef]lnkN6 dfq xfdL sfa'ndf p8\g] ePsfn]
Tof] /ft k]/f]gL;Fu} e'mDg] ;'/;f/ kSsfkSsL eof] xfd|f] . eml/nf] 3fd
slxn] lIflthsf] lk7"d
F f cjt/0f xf]nfh:tf] eof] . xfdL rf/ hgfsf]
ofqf:kz{

45

dg plDng yfn] tftf] kfgL plDnPem}F . ;fFem 9Ng yfNof] t/ xfd|f

dgx Aff}l/g yfn] .
hok|sfz bfO, k|df]b, -b'aO{ clkm;sf sn/s_ lht nfdf / d
hDdf rf/ hgfsf] ofqf clGdg nfUof] leNnfaf6 . k|e/' fd bfO v}
stf nfUg'eof] x]Ssf /flvgF d}n] .
k|df]b efOn] clkm;sf] uf8L tof/ kfg{e
' of] . xfdL rf/ hgf
alQg yfNof}F km]l/ laxfgs} af6f] xFb' } b'aO{sf] 8fpg 6fpglt/ . ;j{ky| d
t xfdLn] a'h{ cn c/asf] lsgf/f 5]jd
} f uP/ s]xL t:jL/x lvRof}F .
a'h{ cn c/a, cyf{t\ wf} -k'/fgf] kfgLhxfh h;n] k|frLg sfndf
vfgfsf ;fdfgx Aff]Sg] ub{Yof]_ sf] h:t} cfsf/df agfOPsf] #@!
ld6/sf] of] ljZjsf] bf];f| ] cUnf] xf]6n dflgG5 .
hok|sfz bfOn] a8f] k'mlt{sf ;fy JoQm ug{e
' of] . ca xfd|f]
kj qmf]nsf] ;do x'g cfF6f] . k]/f]gL aflkmP/ lunf;df lkmFlhPsf]
;f]Rg yfnF] d}n] klg .
xfdL ;a}n] 38L x]ofF} a]ns
' Lsf] ;ft t alh;s]sf] lyof] .
ljleGg b]zaf6 sfd ug{ cfPsf dhb'/x ;8ssf k]6Lsf
5]p5fpdf a;]/ ysfO d]l6/x]sf lyP .
pgLxsf] xNnfsf] sf]nfxndf klg dnfO{ nfUof] cfg} hLjgsf
:kz{xdf /ld/x]sf lyP . Tof] /Dgdf klg t w]/} syfx / afWotf
n'ss
] f x'bF f] xf] hf] d;Fu klg n'ls/x]sf] 5 . cJoQm 5 . ps';d'sl' ;Fbf]
5 . tfltPsf] Hjfnfd'vL kxf8xh:t} .
xfd|f] klxnf] kfOnfxsf] 6]sfO af/:tL eLdf eof] . h'g n]
d]l/l8og ldgf l;xfO aLr l/;f]6{ PG8 dl/gf glhs} cjl:yt 5 .
hxfF xfd|f] klxnf] k]/f]gL;Fu e]6 eof] . k]/f]gL o:tf] nfdf] l;;fsf]
luFnf;df ;lhP/ dl:sFb} cfof], aflkmP/ cfof], g5fdfFe
} Gbf klg 5fdfF}
5fdf}F clg d';f/fF} d';f/fFh
} :tf] nfUof] . l;lgQ} kfl/of] Ps} 3'8s
\ f]df .
46

ofqf:kz{

:jfb t s'/} gu/fF} . b'aO{sf] k]/f]gL dL7f] klg cs{} vfnsf] dL7f]
nfUof] . lgln/x'h
F :tf] nfUof] .
k]/f]gLsf] sDd/ ;dfP/ 5f]8g\ dg nfu]g .
qmdzM ylkFb} uofF} . df]xgL nufof] . nfdfnfdf luFnf;sf lr;f]
lr;f] k]/f]gL 3fF6Laf6 ;//// aUb} uof] .
xfdLnfO{ k]/f]gLn] n7fpg yfNof] ca . t/ ToxfF k]/f]gLn]
n6\l7g]xdf ;a} klZrdL d'ns
' sf lyP t/ kmfk'm ToxfFsf d'l:nd
;d'bfosf o'jfo'jtLxsf] rxnkxn klg TolQs} b]lvGYof] . pgLx
cfgf] ;dfh / wd{af6 6f9f xFb' } lyP . d'vsf] 3'D6f] 5f]k/] uf8Laf6
pqGy] t/ ha eLleq k|:yfg uy{] pgLxn] cf]8s
] f] ;n 3fF6Ldf a]y]{ .
sfFrn
' L km]y]{ / cfgf ?lrsf] l8 ub{y] .
eL /dfOnf] lyof] .
c\uh
]| L An'h uLtx 3lGs/x]sf lyP .
sf]nfxnn] sfg 6g6lgFb} lyof] eg] xfd|f lha|fx n6kl6Fb} lyP .
eL 7"n} xftfdf cjl:yt lyof] .
s'gfs'gLlt/ /f]dfG;sf jftfj/0f klg b]lvGYof]] .
k|jL0f / lht efOn] lgn]/ pla|P/ kmfn]sf] r'/f]6sf lgsf]l6gn]
hok|sfz bfO / d klg c5'tf] /xg ;s]gf}F . qmdzM xfdLxnfO{ klg
6fpsf] 3'dfpg ;'? eof] .
k]/f]gLsf] rds emg\ rlDsg yfNof] tf/fx rDs]emF} cfsfzdf .
h"gn] xfF;/] eGb} lyOg\ ltdLxnfO{ zLtsf] vfFrf] 5 .
xfdL ;fFRr} zLtsf] :kz{df cf]l;Fb} lyof}F lsgls eLsf] cufl8sf]
efu v'Nnf lyof] .
xfd|f] ofqf emg\ :kz{do aGb} uof] .
ofqf:kz{

47

hok|sfz bfOsf] kjqmf]n ug{] l;4fGtn] xfdLnfO{ klg 5f]8g] .

xfdL ;k{ eof}F ca .
Ps eLaf6 csf{] eLdf rb{} hfg] k|lqmofnfO{ kj qmf]n elgFbf]
/x]5 . xfd|f] Tof] /ftsf] kj qmf]neGbf klg b'aO{sf] /fqLhLjgdf
3'nd'lng' lyof] . dHhfn] g} 8'aN' sL dfl/of] k]/f]gLsf] dGbdGb :jfbdf .
slxn]sxLF o;/L dfltg'df klg d}n] hLjg e]6g\ ] u/]sf] 5' . v';L
leq\ofpg] u/]sf] 5' / s]xL /x hLjgdf b]Vg] u/]sf] 5' t/ of] nlg],
dfltg], a]xf]lzg] rLhxaf6 6f9f g} /xg ;s] w]/} /fd|f] s'/f xf] / x'g]
lyof] .
Tof] /ft lwt dg{] u/L 3'ldof] .
l/Fu6f rNof] .
/ftsf tf/f ug'Gh]n k]/f]gLnfO{ 5f]l8Pg . g k]/f]gLn] g} 5f]8o\ f]
/ftsf] lemlnldnL jftfj/0fdf b'aO{sf] uugr'DjL ejgxnfO{ dHhfn]
x]l/of] .
xfd|f vfx n/a/]sf] b]v/] af6fdf tdf;f eof] xf]nf ;fob .
t/ klg xfd|f kfOnfx oyfjt\ /x]gg\ . nna/fO /x] . h'/d'/fO /x]
oxfFsf] /Lg /ftsf] s'gfsfKrflt/ . x/]s ofqfsf] :kz{ g} a]Un} . dUg
ofqf . lgZjfy{ ofqf . lgdUg ofqf . s'g} emGh6lagfsf] ofqf lyof]
d]/f] of] .
oxfFsf] hghLjgsf] af]nLrfnL, /xg;xg, ef}lts ljsf;, ahf/df
kfOg] ;fdfg / ToxfFsf] hLjgk4ltn] dnfO{ ;wF} glhs tfGof] .
;DemG5' slxn]sxLF ofqfdf cfkm"n] ef]us
] f l/Sttf kf]v/] , n]v/] eGbf
klg casf] ofqf:kz{df s]xL r]tgf, s]xL gofF ljrf/xsf] laDa
k/fjt{gn] xfd|f] dg / dl:tisdf c a9L k|efj kfg{] lyof] xf]nf .
xfdL PsfPs ub{} 6'jn
] af/, /fTn] O:ofs af/, lhGs af/ qmfpg Knfhfdf eg] k|jz
] kfOPg_ sf/0f klg a'lemPg . sfnf g
48

ofqf:kz{

sfnf b]Vb} 8/nfUbf afpG;/xn] l5g{ glbPkl5 xfd|f] a'tfn] Eofpg]

s'g} c pkfo lyPg . xfdL ToxfFaf6 /GylgFb} /f6\:s] lkmlnlkgf]
af/df hf]ltg k'U5fF} . hxfF Pl;og t?0ftGg]/Lb]lv lnP/ bfFt k'mSn]sf;Dd
kfZrfTo ;Ltsf] tfn / /Lg aQLxsf] rdsdf rlDs/x]sf lyP .
nfUYof] v'Nnf cfsfzsf tf/fx rlDs/x]sf 5g\ . s]xLa]/ ToxfF
3D;f3D;L xf]nfh:tf] b]v/] xfdL 6fk s:ofF} . t/ oxfFsf hgr]tgf,
ljsf;sf] sfo{gLlt / x/]s If]qsf] cu'jfOn] d]/f] dg k]/f]gLn] klUnP
klg leq hln/x]sf] lyof] .
ef]ln laxfgsf] ofqf sfa'nsf] ;lDeFmb} xfdL k]/f]gLsf] :kz{af6
6f9f eof}F . 6f9faf6 eP klg b'aO{sf] *%) ld6/ a'h{ vflnkmn]
xfdLnfO{ lh:sfpFb} lyof] .
k'gZrM k]/f]gL, O6nLdf !(^# df ag]sf] k|l;4 laP/ .

ofqf:kz{

49

s[i0f ahufO{+
hGd M @# h'g, w/fg .
oGqjt\ n3'syf;\ux| -@))&_, lxpFsf tGgf xfOs';\ux|
-@))(_, /f]8Dofk n3'syf;\ux| -@)!)_, ;|i6f / l8lh6n jftf{
;flxlTos s[ltx k|sflzt .
;dsfnLg ;flxTo 86 sd, sljxsf cfFvfdf w/fg
sljtf;\ux| -;g\ !((*_, w/fg Og b cfOhh ckm kf]o6\;
-cg'jfb;Dkfbs :jod\ k|sfz zdf{, ;g\ !((*, w/fg bk{0f
-lj=;+= @)%^_, k|o| f; - @)%% _, etfe'] xf:oJo\Uo klqsf
-@)%$_, :dfl/sf, !@ cf+} /fi6JofkL v'Nnf o'jf jSt[Tjsnf
k|ltof]lutf -@)%#_, sd{rf/L :dfl/sf, ;'g;/L @)%!, P]ltxfl;s
:ynxsf] kl/ro -k"jf{~rn kl/ro_ @)%% cflb k':ts /
klqsfx ;Dkflbt .
b]jsf]6f ztfAbL ;Ddfg -@)^^_, cg];f; ln6/]/L j]a hgf{lnHd
Pjf8{ -@))(_ f/f ;Ddflgt .
cGt/f{li6o g]kfnL ;flxTo ;dfh, s]Gb|Lo sfo{;ldlt, jfl;\6g
8L;L, cd]l/sfdf cfa4 .
Email: bajgaikrishna@yahoo.com

50

ofqf:kz{

lrlgof sljsf] lgjf;df

df5f dfbf{
;]K6]Da/ dlxgfsf] bf];f| ] ;ftf ;g\ !(($ . lrlgofFF cGt/f{li6o
/]l8of]sf] lgdGq0ffdf rLgsf] b'O{ ;ftfsf] e|d0f lgDtf] lyof] dnfO{
. a]Olhsf nflu Ps ;ftf / ltAatsf] Nxf;f tyf l;ufT;]sf] nflu
csf]{ Ps ;ftf e|d0f sfo{qmd 5'fOPsf] lyof] . ltAat e|d0f hfg]
6f]nLdf xfdL hDdf !) hgf lyof}F .
a]Olhaf6 ;fFem sl/a cf7 ah] hxfhaf6 pF8s
] f xfdL cfwf
/ftdf l;r'jfg k|fGtsf] 5Gb' ;x/df ylst cfFvf lnP/ plqof}F . cfFvf
ldRb} xf]6ndf l5/]sf xfdL Ps emKsf] klg /fd|/L g;'th
] :tf] nfUb}
lyof] 6]an
' 38Ldf cnfd{ aHof] . Psf laxfg} ltAat hfg] hxfh r8\g'
lyof] . xfdL ;a} bf}8fbf}8 ub}{ hxfhleq l5ofF} .
hxfhdf d;Fu} a;]sf 5g\ d]/f] lrlgofF ldq tyf d]/f] bf]efif] o'
k'm . pgL lrlgofF cGt/f{li6o /]l8of]sf] g]kfnL ljefusf] e"tk"j{
lgb]z
{ s tyf g]kfnL efiffdf ;a}eGbf dL7f] u/L af]Ng] sfo{qmd k|:tf]tf
x'g\ . pgn] ;'gfP xfdLn] rLgsf ljZjk|l;4 slj To' km"sf] lgjf;
ofqf:kz{

51

x]g{ 5'6fof}+ . o' k'msf] o:tf] s'/f ;'g/] d]/f] dg lvGg eof] . bM'vL t
pgL klg ePsf /x]5g\ . pgnfO{ klg Tof] x]g{] OR5f /x]5 . cfof]hsn]]
Joj:yf u/]cg';f/ Tof] lgjf:yfg e|d0f ug]{ sfo{qmddf g} lyPg
xfd|f] . t/ pgn] eg] ltAat e|d0fkl5 kms]/{ cfpFbf xfdL;Fu
lbpF;f] sl/a cf7 3G6f ;do x'g] ePsf]n] cfg} lx;fan] 3'Dg
;S5f}F . pgsf] of] hafkmn] d ;fx|} v';L ePF . slj ;flxTosf/xsf]
nflu oxL t xf] lg 7"nf] tLy{:yn .
slj To' k"msf] sljtf w]/} k6s k9]sf] 5' d}n] . k|frLg slj To'
k'msf] hLjgbz{g, k|st[ Lk|d
] / dfgjk|d
] sf sljtfn] cld6 5fk 5f]8s
] f]
5 . o:tf dxfg\ / d]/f] lk|o sljsf] ljutnfO{ glhsaf6 lgofNg] o:tf]
cj;/ 5'6s
] f]df cl3;Dd lvGg ePsf] dgdf ca v';Lsf nx/x
nx/fpFb} uP .
ltAatsf] e|d0f ;lsof] . ca xfdL ltAataf6 a]Olh cfpg
ltAat ljdfg:yndf k|tLIff ub}{ lyof}F hxfh p8\g] ;dosf] . dgf]/d
kxf8sf] aLrdf cal:yt ltAatsf] wfjgdfu{nfO{ 5f]8o\ f] hxfhn] .
;+;f/sf] clt pRr:yfgdf cjl:yt ljdfg:ynxdWo]sf] Ps
ljdfg:yn xf] of] . ltAatsf] ljdfg:ynaf6 lgs} dfly csflzof]
hxfh . hxfhsf] em\ofnaf6 x]b5
{ ,' ljdfg:ynaf6 b]lvPsf cUnf
kxf8 ca km'Rr] y'Dsfh:tf dfq b]lvg yfn] . sl/a @ 3G6f cfsfzdf
atfl;Fb} p8]kl5 laxfg b; ah] xfdL 5Gb' ljdfg:yndf plqof}F .
rLgsf cGo ;x/h:t} Jo:t, sf]nfxn, dfG5] / ;fOsnsf] eL8
5Gb' ;x/df klg b]lvof] . 5Gb' ;x/ cfkmFd
} f rLgsf] k|frLg tyf
P]ltxfl;s ;x/ xf] . ;+;f/df xfn k|rngdf /x]sf] sfuhsf] gf]6
b;f}F ztfAbLdf ;a}eGbf klxn] 5Gb' ;x/af6} ;'? ul/Psf] /x]5 . snf
tyf ;flxTosf] k|/] 0ffsf] e"ld /x]5 of] 5Gb' ;x/ .
xfdL xtfl/Fb} lyof}F . ;do yf]/} lyof] . xfdL 6flGh6 Kof;]Gh/
dfq lyof}F To; ;x/sf] . Aofux xf]6ndf yGSofP/ clnslt k|m;
]
eof}F . o' k'mhLn] ldnfpg'ePsf] k"jl{ gwf{l/t sfo{qmdcg';f/ ;Lw}
sljhLsf] lgjf:yfgtkm{ nfUof}F .
52

ofqf:kz{

Jo:t ;8ssf y'k}| 6flkms nfO6nfO{ kf/ ub}{ pgsf] lgjf;:yfg

cufl8 k'Uof}F . xfdL a;]sf] xf]6naf6 w]/} 6f9f /x]g5 . df}lns lrlgofF
Kofuf]8f z}nLsf] snfTds k|jz
] f/n] k/}af6 xfdLnfO{ :jfut ul//x]sf]
lyof] . aflx/ k|jz
] sf nflu % o'cfgsf] l6s6 sf6\gk' g]{ /x]5 . o'
km'hLn] ;a} ldnfpg'eof] . k|jz
] f/af6 leq l5of}+ xfdL . cfGtl/s
tyf afx\o ko{6ssf] vrfvr eL8 lyof] . x]bf{xb] {} Tof] eL8df xfd|f]
;d"xsf] hd{g gful/s x/fO{ xfn] . d Ps hgf g]kfnL / pgL kfx'gf
lyof}F Tof] e|d0f bndf . cGo * hgf lrlgofF lyP . nf} km;fb kof]
pgsf] lrlgofF bf]efif] ldq lrlGtt ag] . pgnfO{ c\uh
]| L efiff af]Ng
cfpFbg} Yof] . lrlgofF efiffsf]] t s'/} gu/f}F . s'v/' fsf rNnf dfpsf]
5]pdf hDdf ePh:t} xfdL hDdf eof}F o' km'sf cufl8 km]l/ sf]xL
gx/fcf];\ eg]/ . s]xL ;dokl5 pgsf] bf]efif]n] pgnfO{ e]fO5f8] .
cflv/ d]/f] v/sf] 5fk|f]
;x/b]lv aflx/kl
gbLsf] 3'DtLlg/, hxfFaf6
lgs} rNtLsf] uf]/6] f] t]l;{Psf] 5 v]tlt/
hnL vx 5fof k5{g\ ;"oa{ f6
axG5g\ xfjf ;/;/fpFb} o;}sf] kftxaf6 ========
-To' k"m_
lgjf;leq k'Ug]lalQs} jl/kl/ 7"N7"nf xl/of v, k"mn k'mn]sf
cf?av8fsf af]6, v/n] 5fPsf ;;fgf 3/ b]Vbf em g]kfnsf] s'g}
kxf8L ufpFdf k'ofof] dnfO{ . / sljhLsf] pQm ;'Gb/ sljtfsf] :d/0f
eof] .
a8]dfgsf emfFluPsf cUnf afF; b]Vbf w/fgsf] a"9f;'Aaf dlGb/df
k'uh
] :tf] nfUof] . a"9f;'Aafsf afF;sf] h:t} 6'Kkf] ePgePsf] hfFr] .
6'Kkf] t lyof] g} . a"9f;'Aafsf] afF;df k|d
] L tyf k|l] dsfsf] gfd n]vfP
Tof] k|d
] cd/ tyf ;kmn x'G5 eGg] dfGotf 5 . cfhsn t ToxfF gfd
ofqf:kz{

53

n]Vg] :yfgsf] cefj eO;Sof] . !%@) lkm6 dfly;Dd uP/ n]Vg

yfn]sf 5g\ . hjfgLdf s'g} k|l] dsf gePsf]n] ;+oQ
' m gfd n]vfPsf]
lyPF d}n] . l;f] gfdrflxF st} s'bF s
] f] lyPF . Tof] s'g cj:yfdf 5 yfxf
5}g . w/fgdf h:tf] afF;df gfd n]vfpg] rng 5 ls eg]/ x]/s
] f]
Tof]rflxF /x]g5 .
To' km"sf] lgjf;:yfgdf dgf]/d kfs{ klg agfOPsf]n] Ps}rf]6L
kfs{ klg b]lvof], lgjf;:yfg klg b]lvof] . ca klxn] s] x]g{] eg]/
Psl5g cndn eof] . ;a}sf] ;xdltdf lgjf;:yfgsf] e|d0f ;'?
eof] .
Pp6f 7"nf] sf]7fdf k/Dk/fut lrlgofF df]8n
] sf] k9\g] 6]an,
s';L{, lstfa /fVg] ofs To;df ;hfP/ /fv]sf s]xL lstfa b]vk] l5
sljhLsf] cWoog ug]{ sf]7f /x]5 eGg] yfxf eof] . n]VgnfO{ 7Ls
kf/]/ /fv]sf] skL, d;L / afF;sf] snd cflb ;a} x]bf{ sljhLn] klxn]
k|of]u u/]sf ;fdfg /x]5g\ eGg] cg'dfg ug{ ufx|f] ePg . To;nfO{
o;/L ;hfP/ /flvPsf] lyof] ls Ps}l5gkl5 cfP/ s'g} sljtf n]lv
kf] xfN5g\ ls jf sljtf n]Vbfn]Vb} sljhL st} uPsf kf] x'g\ ls h:tf]
nfUbYof] .
To; sf]7f;Fu} hf]l8Psf] csf]{ sf]7f pgsf] zogsIf /x]5 .
kn, 6]an, s';L{ ;a} ;hfP/ /flvPsf lyP . lrlgofF k/Dk/fut
snfTds z}nLsf kmlg{r/ b]Vbf To; a]nfsf] pRr lrlgofF sflnu9sf]
k|z;
+ f gu/L /xg ;lsgF . Tolt a]nf klg slt w]/} snf / k|ljlwsf]
ljsf; ePsf] /x]5 . Tof] b]v/] 5Ss k/]F .
ToxfFaf6 lg:s]/ xfdL csf]{ sf]7fdf k'Uof}F . To; a]nfsf] ;dosf
efF8fs'8f, kf];fsnufotsf j:qflb ToxfF ;hfP/ /flvPsf] lyof] .
k|frLgsfnsf jfbzfxfxsf kf];fs klg k|bz{gLdf /flvPsf] lyof] .
x/]s j+zsf dxf/fhfsf n'uf km/skm/s x'bF f] /x]5 .

54

ofqf:kz{

xfdL s5'jfsf] tfndf b[Zofjnf]sg ub}{ lxFl8/x]sf lyof}F . ToxfFsf

x/]s s'gfsfKrf / x/]s j:t'n] lv+lr/x]sf] lyof] xfdLnfO{ . a]nf
a]nfdf xfd|f l6dln8/ o' km' 38L klg x]b{} ug'x{ f];\ eGy] . pgsf]
cfzo xfdL a'lemxfNYof}F . clg kfOnf cln l56f] rfNbYof}F . t/ klg
snf / ;'Gb/tfsf] Tof] ;lDd>0fn] xfdLnfO{ k|To]s k6s cndNofpFYof] .
grfxFbfgrfxFb} ;a} ulx/]/ x]bY{ of}F . snf / ;'Gb/tfsf] /;f:jfbg
ub{Yof}F .
v/n] 5fPsf] pgsf] lgjf;:yfgaf6 ca xfdL kfs{lt/ nfUof}F .
cf]xf] slt dHhfn] l;Fuf/]/ agfPsf] kfs{ . ;a} k|fs[lts ;f}Gbo{nfO{
Pp6} sDkfpG8df s;/L ldnfP/ /fVg ;s]sf] xf]nf < s'g k|sl[ t
lj1n] l8hfOg uof] xf]nf . dfgjlgld{t kfs{h:tf] gnfUg] o:tf]
jf:tljs k|fs[lts snf b]v/ hf]sf]xL klg em'lSsG5g\ . ;'Gb/ km'Rr]
kxf8 klg ePsf] Tof] kfs{df r/fsf] lr/la/, em/gfsf] 55, gbLsf]
snsn ;a} ;'lgof] . hxfF k|fs[lts ;Lt u'~hodfg lyof] . jf:tjdf
Tof] kfs{ tgfjd'Qm ug]{ g]r/' n y]/fkL xf] . w]/} dflg;x cfFvf lrDd
u/]/ a;]sf b]v]F d}n] . tgfj, kL8f, kL/ ;a};a} la;+b{ } lyP .
5g\ rf/}lt/ atf;] kj{tx
c;+Vo gbLgfnfdf kfgL cfO/xG5g\
lr;f] kfgL a;{G5
IfL0f hnL vxaf6
cfb|tf 6lKsG5,
d}n] tnlt/ x]bf{
k'/fgf] ;x/sf] 5]p5fpdf
b]lvG5g\ kx]n
F f emf8Lx
afSn} 5 afbn klg======
-To' k"m_

ofqf:kz{

55

sljhLn] dflysf] ;'Gb/ sljtfsf k\lQm cfg} lgjf;:yfgnfO{

x]//] sf]/s
] f x'gh
\ :tf] nfUof] . hf] clxn] klg 7\ofSs} ldNg cfpF5 .
k|fs[lts 56fn] el/k"0f{ To; kfs{sf x/]s j:t' dfgf}F xfdLnfO{ g}
;Dem]/ agfOPsf x'gh
\ :tf] nfUof] . h'g x]of] ToxL dg kg]{ . s'g} j:t'
s'ge
} Gbf sd ;'Gb/ lyPgg\ .
cl3;Dd ;Fu} 3'ds
] f xfdL kfs{ k'uk] l5 5l/of}F . drflxF ;f]em}
xflgPF km'Rr] kxf8sf] 8fF8faf6 v;]sf] em/gf x]g{ . Ps6s nufP/
x]l//x]F . dGqd'Uw eP/ x]l//x]F To; s[lqd e/gfnfO{ . sl/a @)@%
lkm6sf] y'Dsf] agfOPsf] lyof] . hf] lans'n k|fs[lts kxf8h:t} lyof] .
ToxfFaf6 v;]sf] kfgL sljhLsf] sljtf ag]/ u'l~h/x]h:tf] nfUof] .
v;]sf] Tof] kfgLnfO{ k5|o\ fO/xF] . Tof] kfgL ca ;fgf] gbL eP/ axg
yfNof] .
;'ifdf el/Psf]
lu|idsf] nfdf] lbgdf
:jR5 gbL axG5
xfd|f] ufpFnfO{ 3]//]
ufFy} nLsf x"n
p8\5g\ e'/={ ======
v]N5g\ 3/df leqaflx/ ub}{
hn kIfLx
;fy;fy} cfgGb dgfpF5g\
cd/ k|d
] Lxh:t}
d]/L :jf:gL
sfuhdf a'l4rfnsf] sf]7f sf]5{]
ha xfd|f ;fgf s]6LxrflxF
aN5Lsf] c+sz
' L xfN5g\========
-To' k"m_
56

ofqf:kz{

jf:tjdf sljhLn] pk/f]Qm sljtfdf j0f{g u/]h:t} pgsf]

lgjf;:yfg g} sljtf /rgf ug]{ pgsf] k|/] 0ffsf] ;|ft] x'gk' b{5 h:tf]
nfUof] . O{:jL ;+jt\ &!@ df hGd]sf sljhLn] /r]sf] of] sljtf clxn]
klg ToxfFsf] jftfj/0f;Fu+ ldNbf] 5 .
pgn] j0f{g u/]hqf] Tof] gbL t lyPg ToxfF . t/ To;n] kfs{nfO{
3]//] xf]Og leq}af6 axGYof] . cf]xf] To; gbLdf /LrL df5f kf]
v]ln/x]sf . cGoq d}n] ;;fgf To:tf df5f b]vs
] f] lyPF . ToxfF t
7"n7"nf cfsf/sf df5f kfgLdf /dfO/x]sf lyP . slt ;'Gb/ lyP tL
df5f xftdf ;dfP/ v]nfpFh:tf] nfluxfNof] . dg yfDg g;s]/ d}n]
kfgLdf xft rf]klnxfn]F . kfs{sf sd{rf/Ln] b]lvxfn]5g\ . pgn] o;f]
ug{ ldNb}g eg]/ ;DemfP . d nlHht aGg k'u]F . df5f;Fu v]Ng] dg
eP cln tn aN5Ln] df5f dfg{ kfOG5 Tot} hfg" eg] .
clg xfdL tL sd{rf/Ln] atfPsf] 7fpFlt/ uof}+ . !) o'cfg
lt/]kl5 aN5L kfOFbf] /x]5 . Tof] /sd lt/]/ hd{g ldq / d df5f dfg{
uof}F . df5f aN5Ldf kf/] klg 3/df Nofpg gkfOFbf] /x]5 . To;nfO{
k'gM ToxLF kfgLdf 5f]l8lbg'kg]{ /x]5 . x'g t d}n] df5f kf/L xfn] klg
hxfhdf /fv]/ g]kfn;Dd NofOk'ofpFbf l;b|f aGg} gkfO{ l;gf] eP/
s'lxGYof] xf]nf . l;b|fsf] dL7f] r6gL ;DemG5' k/b]zdf .
s]6fs]6Ldf :s'nsf] jif]{ labfdf aN5L lnP/ df5f dfg{ uPsf]
ofb cfof] ToxfF . pa]nf g]kfndf xfdL aN5Lsf] c+sz
' d
] f u8\of}n
F f,
df;'sf] 6'qmfnufotsf cGo vfg]s/' f c8\sfP/ df5f aN5Ldf kfb{Yof}F .
ToxfF t To:tf] /x]g5 . vfg]s/' fh:tf nfUg] /a/sf j:t' c8\sfOFbf]
/x]5 . To;nfO{ vfg] s'/f 7fg]/ em'lSFsbf /x]5g\ lar/f df5fx .
vfg hfFbf ToxLF c8\lsP/ aN5Ldf kbf{ /x]5g\ . df5fsf] em'Sofpg] Tof]
rf/f]nfO{ s}of}F k6s k|of]u ug{ ;lsFbf] /x]5 .
xfdL b'jn
} ] df5f dfg{ kfgLdf aN5L yfKof}F . nf} p;n] t v'?v'?
df5f kf] kfg{ yfNof] . dnfO{ eg] Tof] aN5L rnfpg cK7\of/f] eof] .
ofqf:kz{

57

Tof] aN5L cfw'lgs lyof] . kfgLdf 5fl8Psf] wfuf]nfO{ aN5Lsf] 58L

dfly rfsf] nfOh:tf] Pp6f j:t' /flvPsf] x'bF f] /x]5 . To;nfO{
rnfpFb} 5f8\b} u/]/ df5fnfO{ kmsfP/ ysfpFb} tfGg'kg]{ /x]5 . d}n]
Tof] k|lqmof ghfg]/ aN5Ldf k/]sf] df5f slt k6s km'lTsof] . Toqf
kfgLel/ df5}df5f x'bF f Pp6f klg dfg{ g;Sbf k5'tfpFb} lyPF . aNn
aNn cfwf 3G6fdf Pp6f df5f kf/]/ aflx/ NofPF . To;nfO{ ;'d;'DofpFb}
lyPF . km6s\=====km6s\ ub}{ k'gM kfgL d} k'Uof] . pDs]sf] df5f 7"nf] x'G5
eGy] . ;fx|} 7"nf] df5f kf/]h
F :tf] nfu]sf] lyof] . Tof] klg plDsxfNof] .
aN5L a'emfP/ ToxfFaf6 lg:sF] .
kfs{df xfdL :jtGq kdf 3'ld/x]sf lyof}F . To;kl5 kfs{sf]
csf]{ 5]pdf k'u]F d . ToxfF 5l/P/ /x]sf dflg;x s]xL n]lv/x]h:tf,
kl9/x]h:tf b]lvGy] . ;fob slj, n]vsx x'gk' 5{ ltgLx . ToxfF
a;]/ k|sl[ tsf] /;f:jfbg ub}{ cfcfgf l;h{gf ug{df Jo:t lyP .
jf:tjdf ToxfFsf] jftfj/0f g} l;h{gfsf nflu ;fx|} pko'Qm lyof] .
s]xL snfsf/x k|sl[ tsf] lrq ptfl//x]sf lyP . k/Dk/fut lrlgofF
z}nLsf lrq lrlgofF d;L tyf a|;sf] dfWodn] agfO/x]sf lyP .
dnfO{ Tof] lrq agfpg] snfn] dGqd'Uw agfof] . d}n] To:tf lrlgofF
lrq klxn] rLg ;lrq eGg] klqsfdf b]vs
] f] lyPF . clxn] cfg} cufl8
To:t} snf agfPsf] k|ToIf kdf b]lv/x]sf] 5' . dnfO{ lgs} ;dob]lv
ToxfF b]vs
] f]n] snfsf] kf/vL qm]tf 7fg]5 Sof/] . lrq lsGgnfO{ eGof] .
slt kbf]/{ x]5 t eg]/ a'em\g vf]hs
] f] tLg xhf/ o'cfg -sl/a @%
xhf/ g]kfnL ?k}ofF_ atfof] . cfDd} Toqf] k};f xfn]/ s]sf] lsGg ;Sg' <
lnGg egF] d}n] . Sofns'n6] /df k};f 36fP/ b]vfpFb} lyof] . d}n] ;'Os
F R' rf
7f]lsxfn]F .
3'Dbf3'Db} xfd|f] lgwf{l/t ;do ;ls;s]sf] lyof] . o' km'hLn]
ca hfg] a]nf ef] eGg'eof] . xfdL kfs{af6 aflx/ lgl:sof}F . dgdf
nflu/Xof] Pp6f sljnfO{ /fi6n] lbg] of]eGbf 7"nf] ;Ddfg c s] x'g
58

ofqf:kz{

;S5 < h;sf] lgjf;:yfgnfO{ kfs{df kl/0ft u/fP/ ;+;f/e/sf

dflg;xnfO{ sljsf] rLgf/L u/fO/fv]sf 5g\ . a;]{lg xhf/f}F
;flxTosf/x tLy{:ynsf] kdf >4f JoQm ug{ cfO/x]sf 5g\ .
xfd|f] b]zdf klg dxfslj nIdLk|;fb b]jsf]6f, cflbslj efg'eQm
cfrfo{ cflbslj, ;flxTosf/xsf] lgjf;:yfgnfO{ o;/L ;+/If0f
u/]/ pgLxnfO{ ;Ddfg ug{ tyf :d/0f ug{ ldNb}g / < dgdf
v6\Sof] .
em/]sf] k|To]s km"nn]
j;Gtdf Tolts} sdL NofpF5
dnfO{ oL km"nsf kq
xfjfdf p8]sf] b]Vbf
b'Mv nfU5 t/ klg
h] hlt afFsL 5,
To;}df cfFvf nufO{ cfglGbt x'G5' d ======
-To' k"m_

ofqf:kz{

59

hut gjf]lbt
hGd M ;g\ !(*!, vf]6f .
hLjg cg'el" t, cIfo cfs[lt, sfFrf] d'2fh:tf s[ltx k|sflzt .
ljBfno txb]lv g} sljtf, uLt, lgofqf / syfn]vgdf ;lqmo .
/fli6o o'jf sljtf dxf]T;j, ljZjJofkL sljtf k|ltof]lutfdf
k'/:s[t .
xfnM a]nfotdf sfo{/t .
Email: jagatnabodit@gmail.com

60

ofqf:kz{

hGd3/ hfbf
nfld8fF8fdf Kn]gaf6 cf]ln{b+ f lbpF;f]sf] 7Ls ! ah]sf] lyof] .
nfdf] Zjf; km]//] Psrf]6L df6f]nfO{ dg dg} 9f]u]F . nfld8fF8f;Fusf]
d]/f] e]6 sl/a Ps bzskl5sf] lyof] of] . /x/nfUbf] l6g Phsf]
clGtd v'6l\ snfdf d lxF8b\ } ubf{ lxF8s
] f] lyPF nfx'/ oxL af6f] eP/ .
Tolt a]nf 5f]8s
] f ;fgf;fgf gfgLx a9]/ lr} g;lsg] eO;s]5g\ .
t/ wGo k|ldnf alxgLnfO{ d}n] lrgF,] pgn] klg e'ns
] L /lxgl5g\ .
ca'O hut bfh' PSn} vf]O t efph" < ltgn] klxnf] gh/d} k|Zg
t:of{Og\ . e] xf] eg] of] k|Zgsf] hafkm d}n] sltnfO{ s;/Ls;/L
lbPF cfkmFn
} fO{ yfxf 5}g . g9fF6L e] xf] eg] d}n] hLjgdf ;a;] w]/}
km]; u/]sf] k|Zg klg o;};uF ;DalGwt 5 . 76]pnL ub}{ eg]F sxfF PSn}
x'g] lg, d]/f] ;fy afaf x'gx' G' 5, 7"nL pxfF lg x'gx' G' 5 clg yfxf 5 d]/f]
efGhL lg 5 . ca efph" g} vf]hs
] f] xf] eg] rflxF pxfFF 3/df vfgf
ksfP/ b]j/sf] af6f] x]l//xg'ePsf] xf]nf . d]/f] s'/fn] pgL cjfSs
eOg\ ;fob . c s'/f 5f]8/] xfd|f] nflu vfhf agfpgkl nflug\ .
k|ldnf a}gLsf] of] 3/ xfd|f] nflu xf]6n hf] nfld8fF8fsf] nflu
Psbd k|rlnt lyof], clxn] klg /x]5 . km/s olt kfPF plt a]nf
;f;"dfn] ;dfn]sf] lhDdf clxn] a}gL hf] 3/sf] a'xf/Ldf cfOk/]sf]
ofqf:kz{

61

/x]5 . vfhf vfPkl5 xfdLn] nfld8fF8fnfO{ rfF8} 5f]8g\ ' lyof] / nfUg'
lyof] xn];L dxfb]jsf] bz{g ug{ .
xfdL;Fu} hfg]df ylkP k|mG] r gful/s cf / ef/tLo gful/s
lgs]z . xfdL;Fu ofqfsf] nflu b'O{ lsl;dsf pkfox lyP . Ps
;femf a;df df}/;
] Dd hfg' / lbQm]naf6 cfpg] xn];L hfg] ;femf a;
kv{g' . bf];f| ] ;fem} uf8L l/ha{ ug{' / cfgf] uGtJodf x'OlF sg' . bf];f| ]
af6f] xfdLn] ;dfTg] lg0f{o uof}F . t/ b'l5{d] 8fOe/ /d]z efOn]
;'?df bf]Aa/ z'Ns ;'gfP/ dg} emG8} kl/jt{g u/fOlbP . h] xf];\ /d]z
efOn] ToxL lbg xn];L k'ofP/ lbQm]n kmsf{pg] ;t{ cf7 xhf/
?kofFdf l:jsf/] . To;kl5 ;'? ef] xfd|f] uf8Ldf ofqf . afaf uf8Lsf]
cufl8 a:g'eof] afFsL xfdL k5fl8 a:ofF} . uf8Lsf] k5fl8 l;6sf] Ps
;fO8df 7'lNbbL Odfg, efGhL cfOl/; / d clg csf]k{ l cf, lgs]z
] Dd hfg] a'OkfnL pxfF x'gx' G' Yof] . uf8L u'8g\ dfq ;'? u/]sf]
/ df}/;
a]nfdf vFnf;L efOn] uf8L /f]Sg 9f]sf 9s9Sofof] . geGb} Ps hgf
/fli6o kf];fsdf ;lhPsf df]6f] dfG5] cfFvfcl3 xflh/ lyP . pgn]
;/f;/ uf8Ldf hLpnfO{ leq\fP . 7fpF p;} k"/f eO;s]sf] To;dfly
df]6f] HofgnfO{ sxfF x'g] vfnL 7fpF < ToxL klg slQ cK7\of/f] gdfgL
d]/f]5p
] df 3'l;|P .
dnfO{ 5f]8/] sxfF lxF8g\ nfu]sf] < pN6f] 8fOe/ efOdf vlgP
pgL .
8fOe/ efOn] s]xL gaf]nL uf8L rnfpg ;'? u/] . d}n] klg s]xL
af]Ng] dg ul/gF . h;} uf8L rNg ;'? ef] xfd|f] Hofg pk|mg ;'? ef] .
vfN8fv'N8L, ;fF3/' f], le/fnf] / cToGt} hf]lvd vfnsf] af6f] b]v/] ;a
s'/f x/fd ef] . o:tf] c;lhnf] ;dodf klg pgn] w]/} s'/f ug{ EofP .
lrghfg ef] . pgn] cfgf] ufpFbl] v sf7df8f};
+ Ddsf] cf}sft ;'gfP,
s]an Ps kmf]gsf] e/df ;a sfd x'g] aofg;d]t atfpg EofP . of]
;a s'/fdf dnfO{ slQ ?lr lyPg . a;\ dgdf ;f]lr/x]yF] logsf]
Hofgn] dnfO{ ;s; glbP of] nfdf] ofqf cln hftL x'g] lyof] . pxfF

62

ofqf:kz{

klg efGhLnfO{ r]k/] c;lhnf] dx;'; ul//xg'ePsf] lyof] . t/ af]NgrflxF

s]xL af]Ng'ePsf] lyPg .
df}/d
] f uf8L k'uk] l5 a'OkfnL pxfF cf]ng{ e
' f] / tL dxf;o lg lab}
gdfuL cfgf] af6f] nfu] . s;f]s;f] cgf}7f] nfUof] . uf8L cufl8 u'8g\
;'? ePkl5 /d]z efOn] eg],F s] ug{' cl3 lg l;Q}df r9]/ usf] . c:tL
xFb' f]sf] lg afFsL 5 . vfnL l;Q}df r9\g] afgL esf] . ;fdGtL k|jl[ Qsf
dfG5]xb]lv slxn] dl'Qm gkfOg] /x]5 .
b]Vbfsf] dxf;osf] afgL x]bf{ 8fOe/ efOsf] s'/f kTofpg nfos
lyof] . t/ dnfO{ af]Ng dg nfu]g . xfdL hlthlt xn];Llt/ glhlsof},F
lbg pltplt l/;fpFb} sfnf] x'bF } uof] . s'lx/f]n] 9fs]/ af6f] 5]Sg yfNof] .
3fdn] cg'xf/ st} b]vfpg ;s]g . af6f] emg\ ;fx|} le/fnf] x'bF } cfof] .
cf]xf] s:tf] ;fOt k/]5 cfh dgdf gdL7f] nfu]/ cfof] . kfgL knf{
knf{sf] kl/l:ytL ef]Ub} xfdL cl3 u'l8/XofF} .
dfny'DsL 8fF8fsf] 5]pdf af6f] /x]5 eL/ . To;dfly 9'fsf]
kxf8 kmf]8/] af6f] agfOPsf] /x]5 . To; cK7\of/f] Onfsfd} /d]z
efOn] lhk /f]s] . ;'?df t sf/0f yfxf g} ePg . Psl5gkl5 eg] yfxf
ef] pgn] xftdf w"kaQL af]s/] uf8L aflx/ lgl:sP . af6f]sf] cln
dfly plSnP, pgn] lgoldt k"hf ug]{ 7fpF /x]5 Tof] . 8fOe/ efOsf]
k|fy{gf k"/f ePkl5 eg] xfd|f] ofqf km]l/ cl3 a9\of] . dfny'DsL 8fF8f
sf6]/ csf]{ 8fF8f ggfb} xftdf lstfa af]ss
] f s]xL :s'n] gfgLxn]
af6f]sf] 5]pdf pleP/ xft xNnfO/x]sf lyP . pgLxsf] ;]t uf8L
/f]Sg] lyof] . kfgL cfpg} nfu]sf] Tof] a]nf pgLxnfO{ 5f]8g\ ' xfd|f]
dgn] dfg]g . r]kfr]k g} eP klg xfdL ofqf ug]{ kl/l:yltdf k'Uof}F .
P;Pn;Lsf] kmnfd] 9f]sf kf/ ug{ hfFr lbO/x]sf tL tLg hgf gfgLx;Fu
8fOe/ efOsf] clncln lrghfg /x]5 . cflv/ pgL klg k/] ToxL
ufpFsf] .
:s'n] gfgLx;Fu s'/fsfgL ubf{ yfxf nfUof] csf]{ lbgsf] k/LIffsf]
ljifo /x]5 hg;\Vof / jftfj/0f . dnfO{ lh1f;f nfUof] ;fFrL
clxn] g]kfnsf] hg;\Vof slt kf] 5 <
ofqf:kz{

63

vf]O xfdLnfO{ t yfxf 5}g bfO cln af]nSs8 alxgLn] af]lng\ .

x}g olt k|Zgsf] hafkm gbLg]n] ef]ln s] k/LIff lbG5f} xf} <
8fOe/ efOn] ;f]em} s'/f /fv] .
pQ/ ;a} hf h?/L 5}g bfh}, ;/xn] g} cfP/ l;sfpg'xG' 5 .
csL{ a}gLn] g9fF6L vfF6L s'/f ;'gfOg\ .
;/xn] g} l;sfpg] To:tf] k/LIffsf] cy{ / To;df kf; x'g]
ljBfyL{sf] dxj slt xf]nf d}n] dgdg} ;f]r]F .
;/xsf] af/]df gsf/fTds l6k0fL ug{ lg ;lsgF sf/0f dnfO{
s,v l;sfP/ #% jif{ lzIfs hLjg u'hfg{x' g' ] d]/f k'hgLo afaf xfd|f]
;+jfb ;'lg/xg'ePsf] lyof] . d afns 5Fbf afafn] l;sfpg'ePsf]
u'?xk|ltsf] >4f d slxn] e'Ng ;lSbgF . hLjgsf] pHofnf] af6f]
b]vfpg] u'?x d]/f] nflu ;w}F g} cfb/0fLo x'G5g\ .
ha uf8L xn];Lyfg glhs} /f]lsof] ta ;a} hgf cf]ln{of}F . :s'n]
gfgLx uf8Lsf] ef8f ltg{ vf]Hb} lyP . n' cfhsf] of] ef8fn] rflxF
ltdLxn] vfhf vfg" x} clg k/LIff /fd|f] ug{" d}n] af]n]F .
pgLx wGojfb af]n/] labfjf/L eP . ;xofqL /fs]z / Pf
klg Pp6f kmf]6f] lvr]/ xfdLaf6 5'lP . 8fOe/ efO / p;sf] ;fyLnfO{
Ps}l5g 5f]l8/fv]/ xfdL eg] nfUofF} eujfg\sf] bz{g ug{ . d'Vof/sf]
aflx/kl km"nkftL, w"kkftL a]Rg]sf] nfd /x]5 . eujfg\sf] af;5]pdf
pgLxaLr rNg] u|fxs tfgftfgsf] v]n x]g{ nfos lyof] .
? ! lbP/ *) k};f rfgr'g kfOg] /x]5 . uha g} nfUof] . d}n]
? % sf] gf]6 lbP/ $ ?k}ofF rfgr'g] k};f af]s/] eujfg\ bz{g ug{ l5/]F .
xn];LyfgnfO{ Ps kmGsf] df/]/ uf8L5]p k'Ubf ;fFemn] af; dfUg
yfln;s]sf] lyof] . xfdLn] xn];L 5f]8b\ f emdSs} ;fFem kl/;s]sf] lyof] .
xfdL hlthlt lbQm]n e]6g\ cl3 u'8o\ fF} /ft pltplt l/;fpFb} sfnf]
sfnf] aGb} cfof] . /ft cfk"m dfq l/;fP/ cfPg cfpFbf cfk"m;Fu sfnf]
afbn klg lnP/ cfof] . df}/5
] p
] k'Ug] a]nfdf t cl;gf;Fu} kfgL klg
bls{of] . vnfF;L efOn] xtf/xtf/ 5tsf] emf]nf leq x'n] . 8fOe/
64

ofqf:kz{

efO af]Nof], eujfg\n] g'xfpg'ef], xfdLn] ;xdlt hgfofF} .

kfgL bls{/Xof] / xfd|f] uf8Lsf] kf\uf| klg cgj/t rln/Xof] .
df}/] k'Ubf kfgL /f]lsof] t/ af6f] k"/} lxnfDo eO;s]sf] lyof] . df}/s
] f]
hf8f] /ftdf tftf] lrofsf] ;'sf]{ tfg]/ xfdL km]l/ lbQm]nsf] af6f] nfUofF} .
g"gynfsf] hn sf6]/ d'98] fF8f k'Ubf lbQm]nahf/df l6lNknl6lNkn
aQL aln/x]sf] b]lvof] . dg b eof] . cfgf] lhNnfdf uf8L r9]/
lah'nL aQLsf] pHofnf] b]vs
] f] of] klxnf] cj;/ lyof] d]/f] . dg o;}
km'? eP/ cfof] . t/ d'98] fF8fdf klxn]klxn] lkOg] OGb|snf a}gLsf]
bf]sfgsf] tftf] lrof eg] p; lbg kfOPg . sf/0f uf8Lsf] af6f]n] t
pgsf] bf]sfg g} afOkf; ubf]{ /x]5 . xfdL lbQm]nsf] /Tgkfs{df cf]nb{+ f
38Ln] !) ah]sf] ;"rgf lb;s]sf] lyof] . Tolt ca]/;Dd klg afaf,
efO, alxgL / efGhLsf] dfofn] bfO af6f] x]//] al;/xg'esf] /x]5 .
bfOn] af;sf] k|aGw xf]6n km'ofFndf ldnfpg'esf] /x]5 . yfs]sf]
Hofgn] l;km{ cf/fd vf]lh/x]sf] a]nf /fd|f] la5\of}gfdf klN6gf;fy
lgb|fn] 5f]lkxfNof] .
/ft laTof] / ;do qmd;Fu pHofnf] af]s/] laxfg cfof] . laxfgL;Fu}
d]/f] lbQm]n dfof af]s/] cfFvfcl3 cfof] . t/ lbQm]nsf] k klxn]h:tf]
lyPg . aLr af6f]sf] tflsnx ;a eTsfP/ aLr ahf/af6 uf8L
lxF8g\ ] af6f] agfOPsf] /x]5 .
7fpF7fpFdf uf8Lsf] kf\uf| n] agfPsf] ulx/f] 8f]an] dnfO{ lbQm]nsf]
cfel/ 3fp g} 3fp nfu]sf] k|tLt ef] .
lbQm]nsf] k ablnP klg dnfO{ dfof ug]{ w]/s
} f] dg ablnPsf]
lyPg . laxfgLsf] lrof vfFb} ubf{ ;fu/ bfO;Fu e]6 ef] . dfpG6
Pe/]:6h:tf] k|ltli7t af]l8{ :s'nsf] lk|lG;kn ;fu/ bfO dnfO{
lrg]bl] v efOem}F Jojxf/ ug{x' G' 5 . Tof] Jojxf/ b; jif{kl5 klg st}
ablnPsf] lyPg . t/ pxfFs
F f] z/L/ eg] lgSs} ablnP5 . pa]nfsf] n't]
;fu/ bfO ca t df]6] ;fu/ bfO x'ge
' P5 . lhNnfsf] w]/} ljifodf
pxfF;uF s'/f eof], 5f]6f] a;fOdf . lbpF;f] afafsf] k'/fgf] gful/stf
gofF agfpg' lyof] . afafnfO{ cl3Nnf] lbg uf8Lsf] prfNg] / k5fg]{
ofqf:kz{

65

ofqfn] lgSs} unfPsf] lyof], p;f] eP/ d}n] g} pxfFsf] sfd ug{
hfu?s agF] . ;/sf/L sfof{nodf k'u/] ;DalGwt sfl/Gbf;Fu a'em\bf
t sfd p;lbg x'g g;Sg] a'lemof] . d o;f] kms{g nfu]sf], pxfF rGbf
6'Kn'Ss} b]vf kg{' ef] . rGbf pxfF d]/f] 7"lNbbLsf] ;xkf7L, dnfO{
;fg}bl] v dfof ug]{ pxfF, e]6/] v';L nfUof] . pxfFsf] cg'xf/df klg
cfZro{sf] v';L efj b]v]F . pxfF t ToxLF g} sfd ug]{ sd{rf/L x'gx' bF' f]
/x]5, enfs';f/Ldf pxfFnfO{ d]/f] ;d:of yfxf ef] . t'?Gt ;DalGwt
ljefudf d]/f] sfdsf] nflu pxfFn] af]Ng'eof] . d]/f] sfdsf] kmfon cl3
a9\of] .
lbbLn] lrof dufpg' ef] . cfgf] ;fyLx;Fu lrgfpg' ef] clg
o;f] lg e'ef], d]/f] efO t nfx'/] eP/ klg h:tfsf] To:t} /x]5 .
lsg cfh;Dd PSnf] < d;Fu vfF6L pQ/ lyPg l;km{ d':s'/fPF . s'/f
a'em\bh
} fFbf :s'n] ;fyL ;Ltf/fd / zfGtfs'df/ klg ToxLF sd{rf/L
/x]5g\ . Ps lsl;dsf] uj{ eof] . oxfF xfd|f] xflsd eP/ a:g'kg]{
dfG5] nfx'/] eP/ lsg uPsf] < ;xkf7L ;Ltf/fdn] dgsf] s'/f vf]n] .
km]l/ klg d;Fu vf; pQ/ lyPg . a;\ d':s'/fPF .
;a lrghfgsf] ePkl5 t d]/f] sfd ;f]re
] Gbf w]/} g} l56f] eof] .
sfd ;sL ;a};uF labf eP/ xf]6n kms{b+ f dgdg} ;f]r,F] g]kfndf
sd{rf/L glrgL sfd ;/f;/ x'g] ;do slxn] cfpFnf . ;f]emf;Lwf
hgtfsf] nflu ;/sf/L sfd slxn] ;lhnf] xf]nf .
xf]6ndf k'Ubf zfGtf a}gL ;fyLx;Fu e]6g\ eg]/ cfPsL /lxl5g\ .
gofF slj, sjloqLx, kqsf/xsf] ;fgf] x"n;Fu e]6 x'bF f d gf}nf]
cg'el" tn] 5f]OPF . l;h{gzLn dgx d]/f] nflu cfkm}F cfkmGt nfu]/
cfpF5g\ . pgLxsf] pef/, lh1f;f / hfu?stf b]v/] d]/f] w/fg]
lbgx hLjGt eP/ cfP . pgLx;Fu cflTdotf ufFl;of] / km]l/ e]6g\ ]
u/L xfdL 5'lofF} .
xf]6nsf] sf]7fdf k|jz
] ubf{ yfxf ef] afaf / e]gf dnfO{ s'l//xg'
ePsf] /x]5 . p; ;fFem 7"lNbbLsf] 3/ hfg'kg]{ lgDtf] lyof] . lgDtf]
;s]/ laxfg xf]6n kms{b+ f kfsf]6 PkmPdsf lgb]z
{ s 6 yfkf;Fu
66

ofqf:kz{

e]6ef] . pxfF pd]/ / c klg slt s'/fn] deGbf h]7f eP klg

xfdLaLr ldqtfsf] efjgf ;a;] alnof] 5 . lrof vfFb} pxfFn] ;fd'bflos
kfsf]6 PkmPdsf] af/]df w]/} hfgsf/L u/fpg' ef] .
g]kfnel/sf] ;fd'bflos PkmPd /]l8of]xdWo] pTs[i6 :6];gsf]
kdf kfsf]6 PkmPd k'/:s[t ePsf] yfxf kfpFbf dg v';Ln] cfNxflbt
aGof] . of] k|flKt;Fu w]/} hgfsf] b'Mv hf]l8P klg d'Vo b'Mv :6];g
Dofg]h/ 6 yfkfsf] b]v]F . pgLh:tf] l;h{gzLn o'jfsf] cefj cfhsf]
xfd|f] ;dfhnfO{ ;a;] w]/} 5 . lbpF;f] pxL PkmPddf cGtjf{tf{sf]
nflu lgDtf] u/]/ 6hL labfjf/L eP . km'ofFn bfOsf] Tof] xf]6n e]
xf] eg] w]/s
} f] hd36 x'g] ynf] /x]5 . ca xf]6ndf lhNnfsf gfd
rn]sf g]tfhLxsf] x"n cfof] . x"n;Fu} ;flxTosf/ lai0f' cfe'if0f
cfpg'ef] . w]/s
} f] nflu pxfF g]tf eP klg d]/f] nflurfFlx ;flxTosf/
xf] . xfdLaLr ;flxTosf] gftfn] g} bfh'efOsf] bl/nf] ;DaGw ePsf]
5 . lhNnfsf] ;flxlTos jftfj/0fsf] af/]df atfpg'sf] ;fy} cfufdL
lbgsf] of]hgf;d]t ;'gfpg'ef] . /fli6o jfdo k|lti7fgsf] nflu
ejg lgdf{0f ug]{ pxfFsf] ;f]r eg] dnfO{ Psbd /fd|f] nfUof] .
dWolbg x'gk' j" { xfd|f] ;Nnfxd'tflas 6hL;Fu e]6 ef] ;lxb
dgf]h hf]zLsf] 3/cufl8 clg xfdL xflgofF} /Tgkfs{lt/ . af6f]df
;fyLx e]l6P / o;} qmddf slj h]= kL= lkm/Gt] ;f]Ndf hfg] af6f]sf]
3'DtLdf e]l6P . pgn] ;flxTosf/xsf] ldl6sf nflu lgDtf];d]t
lbP . 6hL / d eg] ;a};uF sf] e]6nfO{ ;Sbf] sd ub}{ l56f]l56f] af6f]
sf6\g] k|of;df lyof}F . 6hL eGb} x'gx' G' Yof], clxn] lah'nL hfG5 clg
xfd|f] of]hgf g} k"/f x' . ;fFlRr geGb} xfdL lah'nL uPs} ;dodf
kfsf]6 PkmPdsf] sfof{nodf k'UofF} . cGtjf{tf{ lng sfo{qmd ;~rfns
eLd /fO{ tof/L eP/ a:g'esf] /x]5 t/ lah'nL g} gePkl5
a]xn
' fa]xn
' Llagfsf] lax]h:tf] ef] . t/ lah'nL gesf] Tof] df}sfdf c
;fyLx;Fu s'/f ug]{ df}sf ldNof] . csL{ sfo{qmd ;~rflnsf a}gL
;Demgf e'hn
] n] ctLtdf /]l8of] g]kfndf ;'gs
] f] d]/f] cGtjf{tf{sf]
;Demg} ;'gfpg'ef] . /]l8of] sfo{qmdk|lt alxgLsf] nufj ;'g/] nfUof]
ltgL /]l8of] k|:tf]tfs} nflu ;xL dfG5] x'g\ .
ofqf:kz{

67

efUo alnof] /x]5 xfd|f] cfz d/]sf] lah'nL cfof] clg e6fe6
cGtjf{tf{ lg /]s8{ eof] . eLdhLsf k|Zgx ux|f}F / ;fk]lIfs lyP . d
;Sbf] xn'sf gagL ;fGble{s pQ/ af]n]F . cGtjf{tf{ ;lsof] / lah'nL
lg uof], s:tf] ;+of]u
cGtjf{tf{ ;s]/ xf]6n k'Ubf afaf cfgf] hflu/] hLjgsf ;xofqL
afa'/fd ;/;Fu s'/fdf dUg x'gx' bF' f] /x]5 . afa'/fd ;/ d]/f] k|fylds
sfnsf] u'? h;nfO{ cfgf] cl3 kfP/ d Psrf]l6 km]l/ afns ljBfyL{emF}
ePF . pxfFxsf] ;fy d ;+nUg x'bF u} bf{ g} aflx/ s;}n] hut bfO
eg]/ af]nfPsf] gf/L :j/ ;'gF] . 9f]sfaflx/ x]bf{ yfxf nfUof] alxgL
ljdnf s]o/n]; cfPsL /lxl5g\ . a}gL PSn} cfOgg\ . pgL cfpFbf
kfOnfel/ ;fx;, dgel/ cfF6 clg cfFvfdf eml/nf] ljZjf; af]s/]
cfOg\ .
bfO cfpg'xg' ] s'/f yfx} ePg . d t 3/ uPsL lyPF . aNn
clxn] cfpFb} 5' . n slt lbg a:g'xG' 5 < ca Pp6f sfo{qmd xfdL
cfof]hgf u5f}+{ . alxgLn] PsfPs cfTdLotf kf]lvg\ .
d]/f] lg 5f]6f] 5'L ;a} s'/f ug{ Eofsf] 5}g . xKtf lbgsf] nflu
cfsf] . tLg lbg t lalt;Sof] . vf]O sfo{qmd ug{ t ;do ldNnf / <
d}n] zf u/]F .
lsg gldNg] bfO < d ;a 7Ls u5{' . alxgLsf] cfjfhdf
ljZjf; lyof] . Pp6f cfuf]h:tf] /flknf] hf]z 5f]8/] a}gL labf eOg\ .
bfO laxfg} P;Pn;L k/LIff lg/LIf0f ug{ pef]vf]nf nflu;Sg'
esf] lyof] . afa'/fd ;/ klg labf x'ge
' Pkl5 afaf / d 3/ lxF8g\ ]
tv{/df lyof}F . emf]lnt'DnL af]Sg xf]6nsf sfOFnf bfOn] Pp6f efO
vf]hL lbg'esf] /x]5 .
3/sf] cfFugL 6]Sbf 3fdn] d]jf vf]nfsf] ;fF3' t/]/ ;]/f v]tsf]
cfwL af6f] psfnf] r8\b} lyof] . 3/sf] r'nfrf}sfdf dgn] cfdf
vf]Hof] . cfdfsf] 7fpF efph"n] ;Sbf] cfTdLotfn] eb}{ hfg'ePsf] /x]5 .
cfdfn] /f]kL hfg'ePsf] ;'Gtnfsf] vx klg a"9f] x'bF } uP5g\ .
68

ofqf:kz{

efph" eGb} x'gx' G' Yof], o;kfnL t ;'Gtnf /fd|f] kmn]g . ;a} e'
;do t /x]5 lg . s'g} a]nf ToxL ;'Gtnf af]6} y]Ug g;Sg] u/L kmNYof],
ca la:tf/} gkmNg] x'bF } uO/f5 / ;dosf] s'g} 38L ;'Gtnfsf] Tof] af]6
ToxfF x'g] 5}g .
dgdf htftt} cfdfsf] cefj v8\lsP klg :j]R5f / k|1f 5f]/Lxn]
d]/f] dgnfO{ ;Sbf] axnfO/x] . :j]R5f sd af]Ng] eP klg sfG5L k|1f
t 7f ug{;d]t l;kfn' /lxl5g\ .
ef]lnkN6 ufpFel/sf afh]ah'x, a8fa8Lx, sfsfsfsLx,
clg ;;fgf gfgLxnfO{ e]6g\ ] df}sf ldNof] . ;dsfnLg bf}tF /Lx
ufpFdf afFsL /x]g5g\ . sf]xL lax] u/]/ dfOt ufpF 5f]85
] g\, sf]xL
hflu/ ug{ ;x/ k;]5g\, w]/r
} fFlx Ond vf]Hb} k/b]z uP5g\ . ufpF
klxn]h:tf] /dfOnf] nfu]g dnfO{ .
t/ ufpFsf] cf}wL dfof nfu]/ cfof] . slxn] 5f]8/] ghfpmF clg
ufpFdf s]xL u?Fh:tf] klg nfu]/ cfof] . ef]lnkN6sf] lbg 3/df uGyg
d} laTof] . s]xL ufpFn] bfh'efOx;Fu enfs';f/L ub}{ clg 3/df
efph"n] tof/ ug{e
' sf] 3/t?n vfFb} r}t dlxgfsf] Tof] clGtd lbglt/
xfdLn] df3] ;\qmflGtnfO{ ;lDemof}F .
ef]lnkN6 l6s6sf] rfFhf]kfFhf] ldnfpg bfO / d lbQm]n plSnofF} .
l6s6 ;]n ug]{ k;n k'Ug'cl3 d]/f] ctLtsf] ldNg] ;fyL bLk]Gb|sf] k;n
cfof] . bLk]Gb|sf] 8\of8L d]/f] cn k;ndf al;/xg'esf] /x]5 . c\sn
gd:t] s:tf] 5 tkfO{n
+ fO{ < cgL vf]O t cfG6L < d}n] w]/} k|Zg u/F]
PsfPs . cn lgwf/ v'DRofP/ PsfPs efj's a'eof] . cfG6L t
of] ;+;f/df 5}g afa"
cgk]lIft cnsf] s'/f ;'g/] d 5Ss k/]F . Ps k|sf/sf] ulx/f]
zf]sn] dg 5f]of] . s:tf] ce/f] 5 of] hLjg < cnn] af]ns
] f] s'/f
em"6f] eP x'GYof] eP/ cfof] t/ ;To lttf] lyof] . bLk]Gb| hLjgnfO{
k5\ofpFb} hfkfg k'us
] f] t yfxf lyof], t/ p;sf] hLjgsf] of] b'Mvb
b'36{ gf dnfO{ yfxf lyPg . cfG6Ln] sltrf]l6 :s'naf6 ef]sfP/ cfpFbf
ofqf:kz{

69

vfhf agfP/ v'jfPsf], 5f]/fnfO{h:t} dfof u/]sf] v"a ofb eof] .

;f]Rb} g;f]rs
] f] Tof] va/ ;'gk] l5 dg b'vL aGof] . cnn] lrof vfP/
hfpm e'xbF' } lyof], vfg] ;a OR5f d/]/ uof] .
l6s6 sfpG6/df hfFbf p:t} dg cldnf] eof] . csf]{ @ xKtf
lbg;Ddsf] nflu lgoldt p8fgsf] l6s6 kfpg] s'g} ;Defjgf lyPg .
ca s] ug]{ xf]nf eg]/ Psl5g t d larf/z"Go g} ePF . t/ h;f]t;f]
b'O{ 3G6f;Dd s'bf{ rf68{ nfO6sf] l6s6 ldNg] eof] . b'Mvsf] s'/f
p8fgsf] lbg ef]lnkN6 lyof] . s]xL c lbg a:g] of]hgf eP klg
xfdL;Fu ljsNk lyPg . o;}n] bfh'efO ;Nnfx u/]/ afaf / d]/f] nflu
ef]lnkN6 laxfgsf] nfld8fF8fsf7df8f}s
+ f] nflu l6s6 lnofF} .
ljdnf alxgL / ;fyLx a;]/ ;flxlTos enfs';f/L ug{ w]/} dg
u/] klg ;do cefjn] ubf{ ;lsPg . xtf/ u/]/ bfO / d 3/ emof}F .
t/ embf{emb}{ ;fg}df k9]sf] zf/bf k|fylds :s'nsf] k|f0f 6]s/] emof}F{ .
:s'nsf] gofF ejg ag]5 t/ k'/fgf] ejg cfwL eTs]5 . elTsPsf]
ejgs} ;Demgf kmf]6f] lvr]/ xfdL xtf/xtf/ 3/ emofF} .
xfdL rfF8} kms{g] s'/fn] efph" slt klg v';L x'g' ePg .
o:tf] xtf/f] lyof] t gcfPs} a]; efph"sf] bM'vs
] f] dg af]Nof] .
d csf]r
{ f]l6 cln ;do lbg] u/L cfpF5' efph" . ;fgf] dg
gug{g' n d}n] ;Sbf] ;DemfPF .
lbQm]nb]lv nfld8fF8fsf] nflu uf8Lsf] Joj:yf eP klg lbQm]n;Dd
t k'Ug' g} lyof] . nfld8fF8fsf] ( ah] Po/kf]6{ ;dodf k'Ug lbQm]n
laxfg $ ah] g} k'Ug' lyof] . o;sf] nflu 3/b]lv b'O{ ah] lxF8g\ ' lyof] .
laxfg} efph"n] ;fOtsf] nf]xf]6f d"n9f]sfdf ;hfpg'ePsf] lyof] .
xfdLnfO{ lbQm]n;Dd k'Ug cGt/] sfsf, pxfFs} 5f]/f bof/fd / bfh'
1fg ;fy} hfg'eof] . lbQm]ndf uf8L r9]/ ha d'9s
] f] psfnf] nfUof},F
ldld{/] pHofnf] e'Od
F f la:tf/} emb}{ uof] .
lbQm]n cfpFbf xfdLnfO{ cFWof/f] /ftn] 3]/s
] f] lyof] . clxn] lbQm]n
5f]8b\ } ubf{ pHofnf]n] 9fSb} cfO/x]sf] lyof] . ;dos} v]n t /x]5
70

ofqf:kz{

hLjg . w]/} sfd eP/ klg cw'/f]em}F nlu/x]Yof] d]/f] hGd3/sf] ofqf .
;Dem]F bf]kf{df dfjnL ufpF hfg} EofOgF, sdnf d]8dsf] 3/ hfg] lgDtf]
k"/f ug}{ ;lsgF, ;/:jtL :s'nsf ;/x;Fu e]6 ug]{ df}s} ldn]g, a}
rf]ssf sdn bfO;Fu ulkmg] df}s} ldn]g cflbcflb . ;f]r]F cf]xf] of]
hLjg ck"0f{ 5, cw'/f] 5 . uf8L la:tf/} df}/] lt/ xflsFb} lyof] . uf8Ldf
8fOe/ bfOsf] //;] uLt 3lGs/x]sf] lyof] t/ d eg] d]/L efph"
k'ikfnfO{ v"a dg kg]{ uLt ;lDem/x]sf] lyPF . efph"n] dnfO{ Psrf]l6
ufP/ g} of] uLt ;'gfpg'ePsf] lyof] .
lhGbuL of] k"mn k"mnsf] yFu' f x'bF g}
pbfpg] / c:tfpg]sf] 6'f] x'bF g}
uf8L xfdLnfO{ af]s/] nfld8fF8flt/ x'OlF s/x]sf] lyof], x'OlF s/x]sf]
lyof] uf8L nfld8fF8flt/ ===

ofqf:kz{

71

hof /fO{
hGd M * gf]eD] j/, emfkf .
j]s/ l:66sf b'O{ cfFvf, 8Da/L cflb s[ltx k|sflzt .
sljtf, syf Pjd\ uLtx j]e / cGo kqklqsfxdf k|z:t
dfqfdf k|sflzt .
;flxTo ;Fufnf] 86 sd k'/:sf/ / cflbjf;L k|ltef k'/:sf/af6
;Ddflgt .
cg];f; s]Gb|Lo pkfWoIf .
xfnM a]nfotdf sfo{/t .
Email: jaya_30@hotmail.com

72

ofqf:kz{

ofqf hxfhsf] ef]ufO cfkm\gf]

Kfm]ac|' /Lsf] clGtd lbgsf] a]ns' f cyf{t\ @*.)( tfl/s hf8f]n]
slqFmb} lx6y|f] Po/kf]6d
{ f tftf] vfg xs p8\g nfu]sf 5fF,} d / d]/f]
>Ldfg\ aLaL .
;f9] ;ft ah] a]ns
' f SjfG6fh Po/a; wfjgdfu{df kv]6f
km6km6fpg nfOgdf ple/x]sf] 5 . Kn]gsf] Efm\ofnsf] ;Lldt cfotgaf6
b]lvg] b[Zo d]/f nflu nf]enfUbf] 5, d a8f] pT;'s eP/ x]l//x]5' .
/gj]df bu'gs
{ f] nflu So'df nfu]sf Kn]gx la:tf/} cufl8 a9]/ x/]s
ldg]6df p8\5g\ . d dgdg} uG5' jfg, 6', y|L / km]l/ klg uGg yfN5'
Ps, b'O,{ tLg ub}{ b;f}s
F f] kfnf]df SjfG6fh 3l;Fb| } 5, xfd|fk] l5 c
s}of}F Kn]gx nfOgdf cjZo g} nflu;s]sf 5g\ .
casf] kfnf] xfd|f] .
n p8\of] x} p8\of] SjfG6fh Po/a; p8\of], lx6y|f] jl/kl/
jftfj/0f k|bl" ift kfb}{ p8\of] . ;f/f jftfj/0f vnan kfb}{ p8\of],
p;sf] uGtAosf] nflu p8\of] . ha xfdL r9]sf] SjfG6fh Po/a;
lgSs} dfly k'U5, ta ljG6/sf] ;fFem emdSs kl/;s]sf] x'G5 . em\ofnaf6
Tfnsf] b[Zo x]5,{' ;'Gb/ clt ;'Gb/, cfsfzaf6 b]lvg] wtL{sf] ;';lHht
k Tof] ;fFemsf] df]xstf ta emlNsof] .
ofqf:kz{

73

;8saQL an]sf] ;fFem 5, ;8sel/ ;'g au]h:t} tL ;'gf}nf

af6fx . af6fdf au]sf sf/xsf tfFtLsf] x]8nfO6sf] pHofnf]
aQL / ;8saQLsf] pHofnf]dfly cfsfzaf6 x]bf{ ;'Gfsf] vf]nf au]h:t}
htftt} ;'gf}nf] nG8g lg/Gt/ x]l//x'F nfUg] 5 . sf/xsf] cufl8sf]
x]nfO6 ;'gf}nf] / k5fl8sf] a|s
] nfO6af6 /ftf] aQL dflyaf6 x]bf{
To;}To;} /fd|f] 5 . /fQ}/fQ}, Hjfnfd'vLsf] tfQftf] nfefsf] vf]nf]
au]h:t} b[Zo 5 . jf:tjdf ;x/df s'b]sf sf/x / df]6/j]sf]
cfpg]hfg] b'j} nx/sf df]6/xsf] tfFtLsf] pHofnf] aQLdfly
cfsfzaf6 tn k[YjLdf x]bf{ cg'kd b[Zo, ;fFRr} g} dgdf]xs b]lvG5 .
dnfO{ nfU5, of] cfsfzuf dfemdf o;/L g} pl8/x'F, tn
k[YjLdf ;nn au]sf] ;'gf}nf / /ftf uf o;/L g} lg/Gt/ alu/xf];\
clj/nclj/n . Tof] b[Zokfg d ul//x'F lg/Gt/ hGdhGdfGt/ .
jf]Osf] odfgsf] lkmFlhPsf kFv6] fn] prfn]/ d}n] x]l//x]sf] tnsf]
cg'kd b[ZonfO{ cGt}lt/ la:tf/} df]8b\ ,} p8\b} uO/x]5, dflydfly
stf xf] stf . prfO gfKb} hfFb} 5, tnsf] df]xs b[Zox la:tf/}
ljnLg x'bF } uP . ev{/ b]lvFb} u/]sf ;'gf}nf b[Zox ANofsxf]ndf
kl/0ft xFb' } 5g\ . htftt} Ps5q /fh 5, ca cGwsf/sf] . em\ofnaf6
x]/f}+x]/f}+ nfUg] Tof] df]xstf xof] . 5}g, ca, /x]g, sfnf]sfnf],
htftt} sfnf], cGwsf/ lg:k cFWof/f] .
ev{/;Ddsf] d]/f] r~rntf ca ylGsof] . s'h
F f] eof] . ;Lldt
eof], SjfG6fh Po/a;sf] l;6df . ;Lldt cfotgdf sl/a afx|
3G6fsf] nflu d aGbL ePsL 5' . hf], h;/L eP klg d}n] a:g}k5{, s'g}
zf 5}g . tL afx| 3G6f d}n] h;/L klg s6fpg}k5{ .
ca ;do s;/L s6fpg] eGbf, lgbfPsf] afxgfdf cfFvf aGb
u/]/ . k6sk6s 6\jfOn]6 uPsf] axfgfdf, s'lF hPsf v'fsf gzf
tGsfpg . l;6df v'f kFn6] L s;]/, 3/L cf]N6], 3/L sf]N6] kms]/{ ,
nufPsf] h'Qf cufl8k5fl8 x/fPsf] axfgfdf tn j/k/ lgx'F/]/
vf]h/] . cufl8sf] l;6sf] l:qmgdf ePe/sf l;g]df x]//] , /f8f/n]
74

ofqf:kz{

Kn]g stf k'Ub} 5 eg]/ b]vfPsf] Dofk k6sk6s x]//] , slt prfOdf
Kn]g pl8/x]5, l8kfr{/ / c/fOensf] 6fOd s]slt km/s x'bF } 5, Tof]
3/L3/L r]s u/]/ cflb . h;} u/] klg ;do hfg] xf]Og x} . hxfh
w]/d
} fly uPkl5 Kn]gdf lbPsf] cf]8g\ Ln] lr;f]nfO{ 5]Sb}g . csf]{+ cf]8g\ L
dfUg] axfgfdf Po/xf]:6]hnfO{ af]nfpg', 3/L h';kfgL dfUb}, lkpFb,}
oL o:t} t xf] lg afx| 3G6fsf] sfd . d]/f] 5]pdf lgbfO/xg'ePsf d]/f]
>Ldfg\sf] lgb|fsf] dnfO{ v"a O{iof{ nfU5, pgL r9]bl] v gem/];Dd
lgbfpg ;S5g\ . pgnfO{ em\ofnkl a:tf 8/ nfU5, To;}n] d]/f] efu
kof] em\ofnsf] l;6, cFWof/f] lgik xFbf klg 3/L3/L ;fgf] em\ofn
vf]n/] aflx/ lrofpg t kfOG5 .
af]ss
] f] lstfj k9\g] axfgf u/] dg p8]/ Kn]gsf] ulteGbf 6f9f
cGt} atfl;G5, h;nfO{ 6'f]df Nofpg lgs} s;/t ug}k{ 5{ .
n x]/ t cufl8sf l;6df a:g]xn] nsf{Psf] l;6n] gfs
7f]lsg7f]lsg vf]H5, ltgLx a]lkmqmL 3'5g{ \ af nfU5, tL t af3;Fu
slDkl6;g g} ub{5
} g\ 3'g{ . tL ;'tfxfsf] lgb|fnfO{ Ao"e
F mfP/ ck/fw
gu/f}F Sof/, ef] ;'Tg lbpFm x} . a? a;f}F sf]lRrP/} eP klg l;6df .
nfU5 s'g} a]nf t nfdf] ofqfdf 6\jfF6\ nufP/ a]lkmqmL ;'tfF+} /
c/fOen xndf emNn'/fd x'bF } k'uf},F w/d/ ub}{ . t/ s] u/f}F . o;sf]
nflu 3fF6Lsf] 9Ssg slxNo} v'ng] , gq o:tf k6\ofOnfUg] ofqfx
si6s/ x'g] g} lyPg xf]nf .
s'g} xjfO{ofqfdf vfgf / kfgL cfjZos / k'Ubf] glbP/ c/fOen
xndf ef]sn] xNn'/fd xFb' } k'Ug' klg k5{ .
kfgLh'; k]okbfy{ yk dfu]df x]osf] b[li6n] x]g{] ljdfgsDkgLdf
ofqf gu/f}F eGg] nfU5 . emg\ /fd|f] gfd sdfPsf Sofy] k]l;lkms /
la|l6; Po/j]hsf sd{rf/Lsf] vf] Jojxf/n] ltgLxnfO{ s] eGg]
xf]nf . lsl/of t gxfnf}F, oL ljdfgxdf r9\g' gk/f];\ eg]/,
lxFl8/xg'k5{ . cfkbljkbdf r9\gk} nf{ .
ofqf:kz{

75

a:g / v'f tGsfpg km/flsnf] 5, dnfO{ log} s'/fn] nf]EofPsf]

5, o; SjfG6fh Po/nfOG; . p8\gf;fy vfgf, vfhf, km]l/ vfgf /
vfhf lbP/ sl/a P3f/ 3G6fsf] p8fgkl5 lbpF;f]sf] rf/ ah]lt/
xssf] r]Knfs Po/kf]6d
{ f cjt/0f uof] . d}n] cfsfzdflyaf6}
b]vF] pm lrdf a[h, r'gd'g, r'gjfg, t'r', nfGtfp cfONofG8, lau
a'4sf] o]dfgsf] d"lt{, tnsf] ;d'b| . ;d'bd
| f km]/Lx bf}8s
] f], l:k8
af]6x stf xf] stf alQPsf, 7"n7"nf dfnafxs kfgLhxfhx
3l;|/x]sf . ;8s;8sdf s'lb/x]sf clj/n ;jf/L;fwgx . r]Knfs
Po/kf]6n
{ fO{ jl/kl/ ;'/Iff ul//x]sf, cfw'lgs xltof/n] ;';lHht
;'/Iff 6f]nL cflb b[Zox Hff] d]/f] nflu gf}nf] x'bF } xf]Og .
;d'b| aLrsf] 6fk'df agfOPsf] r]Knfs Po/kf]6,{ cjt/0f ug{
cufl8sf] If0f t dg l;l/ x'G5 . dfly cfsfzaf6 b]lvG5 ;d'b|}
;d'b| .
nfU5, Hof x} ca hxfh v:of] ;d'bd
| f . lgEof] lhGbuLsf] of]
bLof] cfh ;d'bd
| f . 8'Aof] hxfh, nfU5 ;lsof] cfh hLjgnLnf .
;d'b|dfly la:tf/} dGbultdf p8\b} xfdL ofq'xsf] dgnfO{
lr;f] 5nf dfb}{ xssf] df6f]df ha hxfhn] kf\uf| u'8s
] f] cfjfh
cfpF5 ta dg 9'Ss x'G5, ta nfU5 afFrF] afO{, lhGbuLdf cem} b'Mv
;'vsf ofqf slt ug{ afFsL slt 5 slt . Kn]gaf6 cf]n/{] P/fOen
xn;Dd k'Ugsf] nflu ljB'tLo /]n;]jf 5, of] ;]jf klg xssf]
cfsif{0fleq g} k5{ .
s\lqm6 hn, cfsfl;Psf tn}tnfsf 3/x . /f]k/] pdfl/Psf
af]6la?jfxsf ;fgf;fgf ldn]sf em\of, y'Dsfx . vKk/] v}/t]
kxf8xnfO{ ldnfP/ sf6]/ lrl6Ss kf/]/ l;Fuf/]sf xl/ofnL agfPsf
kxf8x . cfsfz 5]8g\ ] uugr'DaL ejgx, ;8s, ;d'b}| ;d'bs
| f]
lsgf/df a;fPsf a:tLx a;\ . cfsfzaf6 b]lvg] xssf] :jk
o:t}o:t} xf] .

76

ofqf:kz{

xfdL cf]ln{of}F .
p;sf] t ofqf cem} ;lsPsf] 5}g . pm t cem} c:6]l nof k'u/]
dfq la;fpg kfpF5,] xsaf6 c w]/} ko{6s af]s/] :jb]z lelqFb5
} ].
v} cem} slt 3G6f p8\g} afFsL 5 .
aflx/ P/fOen xndf xfdLnfO{ lng k|tfk cfPsf] 5, P/fOen
xnsf] 7"nf] l:qmgdf k/}af6 xfdLnfO{ b]lv;s]sf]] 5 . p;nfO{ ge]6s
] f]
klg b'O{ jif{sf] xf/fxf/L eO;s]sf] 5 . p;n] PSn} afFRg ;S5' eg]/
k|dfl0ft ub}5
{ xsdf . p;nfO{ a]nfotsf] uDeL/tfeGbf xssf]
df]xstf g} Kof/f] nfUof] . To;}n] p;n] ToxL 7fpF /f]Hof], kmls{of] .
pm ToxLF clNemof] . pm Pp6f ;kmn Joj;foL x'G5' eGg] ;kgf kfn]/
x'sf{pbF } 5, cfzf 5 p;sf] ;kgf ;fsf/ x'g5
] .
pm cln cUnf] ePsf] /x]5, p;sf] cg'xf/ afa} cem} aRr}
b]lvG5 . skfn sf6]/ z/b Ct'sf] af:g nfu]sf] s'v/' fsf] efn]h:t}
5l/tf] b]lvPsf] 5, p;nfO{ d}n] ;fg}df 5f8]/ lxF8] . d}n] d]/f] hLjgsf
ofqfx to ul//x]F . p;nfO{ d}n] 5f8]sf tL lbgx si6s/ eP klg
cfh p;n] eG5, cfdf tkfO{n
+ ] af6f] gvf]hs
] f] eP s;n] vf]Hg] t <
p;sf] cg'xf/df em\ofKk bfx|L knfPsf] rfxG5, nfU5 p;sf] rfxgf
k"/f x'bF g} h;sf] hFu' fsf] /]vL g} 5}g .
Po/kf]6a{ flx/ lg:sgf;fy xfdLnfO{ xssf] dflg;xsf] eL8,
Xo'ld8 / udL{n] Ps}k6s 3fF6Ldf SofKk lgdf]7o\ f] . dgdg} egF]
hf8f]af6 udL{ dgk/fP/ cfPsf] xf]Og < nf} vf tftf], tfk tftf] 3fd
Po/kf]6a{ f6 aflx/ lg:sg Eofsf] 5}g xssf] dflg;xsf] eL8,
?vf] :jfefj / Xo'ld8n] cf]OnfPsf] n]sfnL] ;fuh:t} agfPsf] 5 .
dflg;nfO{ h] 5 Tof] dg kb}g{ csf]{ vf]Hbf ;Xo x'Gg, dflg;sf] hft}
a}ug' L xf] .
Po/kf]6{ 8an8]sf/ a;, hf] Po/ slG8;g hl8t 5 . oL ;'Gtn]
/sf] 8an8]sf/ a;xn] xssf] x/]s s'gfs'gfdf ofq'xnfO{
Po/kf]6a{ f6 3/3/af6 Po/kf]6{ k'ofpF5g\ . xs ;fgf] cfONofG8
ofqf:kz{

77

To;df klg ;/sf/L oftfoftsf] ;fwgn] ;DkGg 5 . hn / :yn

oftfoftn] ;'ud kf/]sf] 5, rfxfg]xnfO{ 6\ofS;L ;le{; rf}aL;}
3G6f pknAw 5 .
xfdL hf]8g{ k'Ug' 5, hxfF k|tfk a:5, a;nfO{ nfUg] ef8f p;}n]
s'v/' fsf] rf/f] ds} emf/]em}+ vofvof vGofpF5, xs 8n/sf
l;Ssfx .
xfdL dfly rl9;s]sf 5f}F . xfd|f ;'6s];x nu]h ofsdf
/fv]/ rfaLn] afFw/] k|Tffkdfly cfpF5 . ;8ssf] b'j} lsgf/fdf /f]ks
] f
af]6la?jfx / v}/t] kfvfdf /f]k]sf la?jf clxn] df}nfP/ a9]/
xl/ofnL eO;s]sf] 5 xs . Po/kf]6{ PS;k|;
] 6]g a'n6] sf] ultdf
6gnleq k:b} lg:sFb} u/]sf] b[Zo crDdsf] 5, t'r'af6 nfGtfp
cfONofG8 hxfF ;+;f/s} 7"nf] a'4sf] d"lt{ agfPsf] 5 ToxfF hfg
s]jnsf/sf] ?6 vf]ln;s]sf] /x]5 . lrdf / t'r'sf] aLrdf l8HgL
cfONofG8 alg;s]sf] 5, ;g\ @))& cS6'j/df lbgel/ v'fsf lkF8n
' f
kmls{GHofn lxF8]sf] e'Ng ;s]sf] 5}g l8HgLNofG8 . k|tfk b]vfpFb}
hfG5 Tof] gofF lalN8x, pm Tof] ;d'bd
| fly aGb} u/]sf] k'n ;Lw}
rfOgf nfg] /] . pm eGb} hfG5 cfdf w]/} s'/f gofF eO;Sof] xs,
b'O{ jif{df .
jf:tjdf s'g} 6fk' 5}g ;Unf], htftt} plwg]/ 6gn l5/fPsf] 5,
;d'b| k'//] krf;f}F tnfsf ejgx agfPsf] 5, 6fk'nfO{ tf5]/ d}bfg,
;d'b| k'//] uugr'DaL ejg, Po/kf]6{ v} s] kf] u/]sf] 5}g / xsdf .
clxn] xfdL lrdfsf] k'ndfly lxFl8/x]5f}F of] k'ndf . /flt an]sf]
aQLsf] df]xstf j0fg{ ug{ lgSs} ;do vlr{gk' g]{ x'G5 / of] k'n
agfpFbf xfd|f g]kfnL bfh'efO lbbLa}gLxn] klg k}FtL; l8u|Lsf]
3fddf kl;gf tktk emf/]sf 5g\, uj{ ug{] 7fpF 5 xfd|f] . k'n
tgf{;fy cfsfz] k'ndfly k'n cfP/ ldl;Psf 5g\ . tL k'n eP/
rn]sf ;jf/L;fwgsf] rdTsf/df cs}{ cfsif{0f 5 . of] k'nsf] d'lg
leqleq Po/kf]6{ PS;k|;
] /]n bu'g]{ ;'? 5, h'g xssf] rdTsf/L
sfdxdWo]sf] klxnf]df knf{ .
78

ofqf:kz{

SjfOlx, SjfOkm nfOlrss, lk|G; P8\jf8{ x'bF } d+ss hf]8g{ sf]

eL8df xfdL a;af6 plqof}F . ;do a]n'sfsf] ^ alh;s]sf] 5,
dflg;xsf] eL8 ;nxh:t} 5, ;8ssf] 6flkms To:t} 5 . k;ndf
/x]sf ;fdfgx clxn] lsgf}F em}F af]lnxfNnfg\em}F nfU5 . dnfO{ rfOlgh
/]:6'/F fsf] dudu cfpg] af:gfn] v"a nf]EofPsf] 5, hxfF uP klg
oxfFsf] vfgfsf] ;Demgfn] v"a ;tfpg] u5{ . dnfO{ clxn] oxL
38L:6f/ km]/Lsf] /dfOnf] jftfj/0f x]g,{ xHhf/f}F ko{6sx a}z
+ fn'
lkmlnlkgf / OG8f]gl] ;ofnL 3/]n' sfdbf/xn] labfsf] lbgsf] em\ofpF
em\ofpF ;'Gg / /x/nfUbf] b[Zo x]g{ . kfl/ jf~rfO{, ;]G6nsf cfsfz
5]8g\ ] ejg, :6f/ km]/Laf6 rNg] km]/Ldf r9]/ ;d'bd
| f ofqf ug{ dg
nfUof] . ug{ dg nfu]sf] w]/} 5, lrD;frf]Os
{ f ;a} k;n / ;lk ;]G6/,
rfOlgh /]:6F/' f rfxg{ dg 5, t/ P3f/ 3G6fsf h]6Nofsn] dft]/ d
w/d/w/d/ ub}{ 8/ kN6G5' vf6df . g]kfn hfg cem} afFsL g} 5,
nfg] ;fdfg ;lk ug{ d+ss, ;fD;k'O,{ hf]8g{ sf] eL8df ef]ln h'6g\ '
afFsL g} 5 . kl;{ t xfdL km]l/ cf/=P=sf] nfO6af6 g]kfn hfg' 5
lg . lhGbuL eGg' g} ofqf t /x]5 lg c s] t

ofqf:kz{

79

lbK; zfx
hGd M @)#*, wflb .
cfuf] -sljtf;\ux| -@)^&_ k|sflzt .
km'6s/ syf, sljtf, uLt, uhn, d'Qms, :tDen]vg, ;+:d/0f ,
ofqflgaGw cflb ljle ;flxlTos kqklqsf Pjd\ j]ak]hdf
k|sflzt .
k|;g" -;flxlTos ;Fufnf] -@)^@ _, /fOlh :6f/ -/fli6o
;fKtflxs -@)%*b]lv @)^) ;Dd_ larf/x
8f= bL3{l;+x ad, -hLjgL @)^@_ cflb k':ts, klqsf ;Dkflbt .
xfnM Oh/fon .

80

ofqf:kz{

;f]/s
] u'kmfsf] 5ftLleq
dx]Gb|uk
' mfsf] ;Demgf
gLnf] e]:6 nfO6 An' lhG; k]G6 le/]kl5 km]l/ afy?d k;]F .
egfO ;'gs
] f] xf] ;fg}df 5f]/fdfG5] aflx/ hfg] a]nf 38L x]5g{ ,\ 5f]/LdfG5]
aflx/ hfg] a]nf P]gf x]5g{ ,\ yfxf 5}g slt 5f]/Ln] P]gf x]5g{ \ t/ drflxF
x]5'{ cjZo . k"mn ;fOhsf] P]gf Ps k6s lgofn]kl5 xtf/xtf/ lg:s]F
afy?daf6, Aofu le/]/ ;gUnf; / Sofd]/ af]s/] aflx/ x'lQPF, lrkf]/f
aflx/ klv{/x]sL lyOg\ . dg p;}p;} km'? lyof] s]6fs]6LnfO{ b;}F
cfPh:tf] . sf/0f s'g} ;'Gb/ k|fs[lts 56f b[Zokfg ug{ hfg] of]hgf
lyof] lrkf]/f / d]/f] . ;fydf l5d]ssf b'O{ hgf c / lrkf]/fs} elthf
/fdL klg lyof] . lgs}k6s ;f]ws
] f] lyPF lrkf]/f;Fu stf uOFb5
} 3'Dg
eg]/ t/ dnfO{ ;/k|fOh lbg]eGb} k6Ss} elggg\ .
af6f]el/ cg'dfg ug{ vf]hF] t/ ;lsgF . cln 6f9fsf] af6f] /
7fpFdf k6sk6s 3'd3fd u/]s} eP klg csf]{ k6snfO{ lbzf / af6f]
d slxNo} ;Demg ;lSbgF, emg\ slxNo} guPsf] 7fpFsf] cg'dfg ug{' t
k/sf] s'/f . t;y{ lrkf]/f s'l6n d':sfg cf]7el/ kf]t/] dnfO{ 3'b}{
lyOg\ ls ;/k|fOh lgSs} cy{k0" f{ x'ge
] of] eGb} . a]nfa]nfdf r'gf}tL
ofqf:kz{

81

lbFbl} yg\ bLK; 6fO 6' u]; k'uk] l5 b]lvOxfN5 lg eGg] ;f]Rb} sfgdf
Pd kL y|L sf] Pc/kmf]g sf]r/] em\ofnaf6 aflx/ b[li6 ofFSg yfn]F .
gf]eD] a/sf] kfl/nf] 3fddf Oh/fPnL laxfg udSs uDs]em}F k|tLt
x'GYof] . ;8sjl/kl/sf km"nx, cln dfl:t/ leQfdf 9'fsf r]k
r]kaf6 6fpsf] prfn]/ a]lkmqmL d':s'/fO/x]sf kftfkftLx hjfg x'bF }
u/]sf] 3fdsf] ls/0fdf 6lNsFb} l;l;{/] atf;;Fu aonL v]ln/x]sf] b]Vbf
v';Ln] dg r~rn lyof] . p;f] t x]gd
{ f :ofxfl/Psf au}r
F fsf km"nx
lag /fd|f x'G5g\, t/ tL x]bf{ dnfO{ nfU5ls hah{:tL d':s'/fpg
afWokfl/Psf cf]7xh:tf] .
tLeGbf s'gfsGb/f, kmfF6, eL/, kx/f, sfGnflt/ a]:ofxf/ kmlqm/x]sf
k"mnkftk|lt d]/f] Wofg a];L cfsif{0f x'G5, nfU5 :jtGq km'Nb}5g\,
cfg} dhL{df cf]Onfpg]5g\ . x'OFls/x]sf] sf/sf] em\ofnaf6 b]v]F
/ftfDo] sfGnf] x/]s jif{sf] cS6f]a/ dlxgfsf] ;'?jft;Fu} lagflgDtf]
hxLFtxLF pd|/] lgl:kmqmL d':s'/fpFb} l;f] Oh/fPn l;Fufg{] Ps k|sf/sf]
;'Gb/ km"n, snflgt' sf] b'nxL kn] s'g a]nf v'?Ss ;Demgfsf]
v'8l\ snf] pSn]/ d k'u5
] ' d]/f] wflbsf] Kof/f] df6f] yfqm]sf] kv]/fdf .
gf]e]Da/ ofg] ls ltxf/sf] xf/fxf/L ;do cfFug, s/];f,uf]/]6f,
af/Lsf] sfGnf], l8n htftt} d':s'/fpFb} z/bLo ;'Gb/tf / xflb{s
cfgGb lbg] tL ;okqL dvdnL clg ltgsf kft, km"n r'8F /] df8\b}
;'F b} ubf{ Tof] af;gf slt dL7f] / lk|o nfUYof] cfh ;lDemFbf Tof]
af;gf cfgf] df6f]sf] cfgf] ckgTjsf] lyof], Tof] d]/f] g]kfnL af;gf
lyof] . bLK; cf/ o' l:nlk < cluNnf] l;6af6 lrkf]/f s/fpFbf kf] k'gM
em/]F blIf0f Pl;ofsf] ;'Gb/ g]kfn . To;sf] ;fgf] 6'qmf] wflbsf] 5ftL
yfqm]sf] ;okqL, dvdnLsf] y'uF f 5f]8/] dWok"js
{ f] 6'qmf] Oh/fondf . gf]
gf] cfO Pd lnl:g ; ub{} k'gM aflx/} lgofNg yfn]F .
;fdfGoeGbf s]xL a];L ultdf sf/ x'OlF s/x]sf] lyof] . gDa/ !
/f]8 h'g t]nclje ;x/af6 h]?;ndlt/ hfG5 sf] < 5ftL gfKb} lyof}F
sf/sf] ultdf . a]t;]d;
] sg{/af6 sf/ gDa/ ! /f]8 5f]8/] bflxg]
82

ofqf:kz{

df]l8Pkl5 cf}Bf]l] us If]q kf/ ub{} ;fgf] xfFu] ;8s x'bF } kxf8 r9\g
yfNof] . kxf8 t s] eGg' xfd|f] g]kfnL kxf8 x]//] , t/ Oh/fPnsf] nflu
kxf8 g} xf] . d]g/f]8 5f]8k] l5 sl/a !)!% ldg]6 u'8/] sf/ dfly
y'Dsf]df k'u/] /f]lsof] . kfls{ n6df sf/ yGsfP/ nfUof}F yf]/} cf]/fnf],
] g sf8{ / l6s6 lnPkl5
d]/f] To; lbgsf] ;/k|fOhlt/ . ToxfF OGkmd{;
lrkf]/f yrSs a]Grdf al;g\ / elgg\ bLK; lne of]/ Aofu ljy ld
PG8 uf] 8fpg, a6 6]s Sofd]/f ljy o' a'em]F d]/f] ;/k|fOhsf] k|:yfg
cf]/fnf] em/]/ hfg'kg{] /x]5, af6f] t csf]{ klg /x]5 . c;Qm, a"9fa"9Lx
hfgsf] nflu ;lhnf] af6f], t/ lrkf]/f klxNo} klg 3'ld;s]sf]n] To;
lbg vf; d]/f] nflu g} ToxfF uPsf] x'bF f pgLrflxF xfdLnfO{ kv{/] ToxLF
:Gofs af/d} a:g] eOg\ . cf]s] eGb} Sofd]/ af]s/] nfu]F c;Fu}
cf]/fnf] d klg . lgs} emg{k' g{] /x]5 v'8l\ sn}v'8l\ snf x'bF } .
cGtdf tn k'u/] pleof}F u]6df hxfF ufO8x k|tLIff/t e]l6P .
;/f;/leq uof}F . chsf] kxf8sf] km]bLdf /x]sf] u]6af6 leq k:of}F
kxf8sf] ue{leq clns k:gf;fy lah'nLsf] pHofnf]df ;fgf] xnh:tf]
b]lvof] hxfF ;;fgf a]Gr /flvPsf lyP leQfsf] l:qmglt/ kmsf{P/ .
xfdLnfO{ ToxLF a:g elgof] . xfdL eg]sf] nueu !)!@ hgfsf]
ko{6s em'G8 lyof}F . ToxfF a;fn]/ l:qmgdf s]xL ldg]6sf] hfgsf/L
lel8cf] b]vfOof] h'g cb\et" k|fs[lts nLnf x]g{ xfdL hfFb} lyof}F .
;;{tL{ s]xL dxjk"0f{ a"bF f ;'gfOof] . h:tf] ls;leq /x]sf ;a} nfOd
:6f]g h'g kfgL;Fusf] lgoldt / lg/Gt/ k|ltlqmofaf6 k"0f{ kTy/h:tf]
ag]sf ljlrq cfs[lt / j:t'x sfg'gL tj/af6 k"0f{ ;'/lIft agfOPsf
k|fs[lts ;DklQ xg'nfO{ g5'gx' f]nf . s'g} klg vfBkbfy{ tyf w'dk| fg
gul/lbg'xf]nf . s'g} klg kfNt' hgfj/ gn}hfg'xf]nf . kmf]6f] lvRgsf
nflu 5'6 ul/Psf ;Lldt :yfgnfO{ Wofg lbg'xf]nf . leqsf] 3'dfO
u|k' df x'g5
] . ;Sbf] ;fgf] cfjfhdf s'/fsfgL ug{x' f]nf . ufO8;Fu}
/xg]5g\, pgnfO{ ;'Gg'xf]nf / k5\ofpg'xf]nf .

ofqf:kz{

83

cf]xf] slt w]/} lgod klg ;Dem]F lgod t xfd|fd

] f cem} of]eGbf
b'ug' f x'G5g\ lg km/s olt xf] oxfF Jojxf/df ptfl/G5, xfd|fd
] f
vNtLdf /flvG5
ca eg] d]/f] ;/k|fOhsf] eG8fkmf]/ eO;s]sf] lyof] t/ ljhoL
d':sfg cf]7d} v'DRofPF, b]Vg] lrkf]/f t ;fydf lyOgg\ g} . ha
OGkm/d];g ;do ;s]/ cem} leqlt/ nfUof},F d]/f] d'v kne/sf] lgldQ
v'Nnf /Xof] crDd / cljZjf;df . ;d'L ;txaf6 nueu #*%
ld6/ xf/fxf/L prfOsf] pQm kxf8 / To;jl/kl/sf y'Dsfxdf
af?bL la:kmf]6 u/fO{ 9'f lgsfn]/ ejg, af6f]3f6f] lgdf{0f ul/g] ;g\
!(^* lt/sf] ;dodf Ps lbgsf] af?bL la:kmf]6 Hofb} kmlnkmfk eP5
Oh/fnaf;Lxsf] Nflu . pQm la:kmf]6kl5 Ps crDdsf] ulx/f] /x:odo
b'nf] b]lvP5 hf] ;[li6sf] s'g df]8b]lv k[YjLsf] ue{df /x:og} ag]/
n'ls/x]sf] lyof] tdfd hut\sf] cfFvfaf6 5lnP/ . To; lbg b]lvof] /
;'? eof] ;[li6sf] Ps ckf/ rlt{snf:jk k|fs[lts /x:o clg
;Dkbfsf] cb\et" :yn, ;f]/s
] u'kmf . dfpG6 ofPnsf] blIf0fL df]xf]8flt/
h'l8og dfpG6 elgg] 8fF8fsf] klZrdL le/fnf]df /x]sf] pQm /x:odo
u'kmfnfO{ ;g\ !(&% dfr{ !^ sf lbg g]r/ l/he{ 3f]if0ff ul/Psf] /x]5 .
hf] Oh/fonL dfkg k2tLcg';f/ nueu !*) b'gfd If]qkmndf km}lnP/
/x]5 .
:jfefj}n] ;fx|} v'nb'nL dfG5] d af7L eP/ ufO8;Fu} lxF8g\
yfn]F . lsgls pRr cfjfh glgsfNg' eg]sf] lyof] klxNo} . dw'/f]
k|sfzdf ;fF3/' f] lrKn] af6f] x'bF } lxF8g\ k' g{,] ;f]Wg dg nfu]sf] s'/f] s;/L
;f]Wg' 6f9faf6 leq hfFb} ubf{ k|sl[ tsf] cb\et" rlt{snf lgofNb} ;Fus
} f]
ufO8nfO{ ;f]wF] s] ltdL of] u'kmfsf] leqL If]qkmn eGg ;S5f} < p;n]
d]/f] lh1f;f / v'Nb'nL b]v/] ;f]Wof] pN6} ltdL sxfF af6 xf} <
g]kfn zAb;Fu} p;sf ulx/f cfFvf emg} ulxl/P / eGof] g]kfndf
emg\ o:tf k|fs[lts 56f slt w]/} xf]nf x} eGg t dg lyof], lgs} s'/f,
lgs} j0f{g / dg lyof] lgs}lgs} pT;flxt aofg uF . t/ ul/gF .
pltv]/} cfFvfdf cfPsf] lyof] g]kfns} rlr{t / dxjsf] dx]G u'kmf,
84

ofqf:kz{

tfdfvfgL, cc stLstL . t/ tL ;a} 7fpFdf d gk'u] klg

;+of]un] k6sk6s k'us
] f] dx]G u'kmfleq l5bf{ k/k/ s'gfdf ufFhf
/ o:t} s]s] tfGb} al;/x]sf em'G8e'mG8 a]sfd] o'jfx b]v/] 8/fpFb}
kmls{Psf] If0fx, g s'g} htg g s'g} ;Def/ u/]sf] a]jfl/;] dx]G
u'kmfsf] s'g} luGtL 5}g d]/f] g]kfndf, t/ s'g} lbg ltdL k'Uof} eg] d]/f]
clxn]sf] e"m6f] tfl/kmdf nl8/x]sf] ;Dkbfb]lv ;fob To; a]nfaf6
ltdL s'g} g]kfnLsf] g]kfnk|ltsf] tfl/km ljZjf; gunf{p . o:t} dgn]
;f]Rb} d'vn] eg],F ckmsf];{ cN6\; jL Xofe
To;kl5 yfxf eof], ;fNfvfnf *) ld6/b]lv (! ld6/ nDafO /
^) b]lv *) ld6/sf] rf}8fOdf k;fl/Psf] pQm u'kmf ;f9] % b]lv !%
ld6/ prfOsf] /x]5 . leqL u'kmfsf] If]qkmn nueu $*)) :SjfP/
ld6/ /x]5 eg] leqsf] ef]nd nueu @%)) So'las ld6/ /x]5 .
;/b/ @@ l8u|L tfkqmd /xg] u'kmfleqsf] (@ b]lv !))% /]Ghsf]
Xo'ldl86Ldf xfdL sfg]v;
' L ub{} cufl8 a9\of}F . klxn] t dnfO{ nfUof]
oL af7f Oh/fonLxsf] a7\ofOFcg'k lgld{t s[lqd u'kmf xf]nf .
u'kmfleqsf] dflyNnf] ;txaf6 nuftf/ /;fpFb} kfgLsf] yf]kfyf]kf
v:g] ztfAbLcf}s
F f] k|lqmofaf6 u'kmfsf] tNnf] ;tx ofg] ls e'Od
F f
la:tf/} pQm v;]sf] kfgLsf] yf]kf alh|bF falh|bF f sfaf]l]{ gs Pl;8 /
nfOd:6f]g ldn]/ Ps k|sf/sf] kqkq y'lk|bF } ag]sf] pQm rfg] cfs[ltnfO{
:6fnfUdfO6 elgFbf] /x]5 eg] To;/L yf]kfyf]kf /;fP/ dflyNnf]
;txd} em'lG8P/ nfdfnfdf l;Gsfx e'OlF t/ em'lG8P/ /x]sf rfgnfO{
:6fnflS66 elgFbf] /x]5 . o:t} k|sf/sf] s]xL rfg kf]v/fsf] u'Kt]Zj/
dxfb]jsf] u'kmf / dx]Gu'kmfsf] leqL dflyNnf] ;txdf klg b]Vg
;lsG5 t/ tL t'ngfTds kdf lgs} ;fgf nfU5g\ .
o;/L ag]sf s}og hfb'u/L nfUg] eLdsfo rfgx b]v/] kTof/
ug{} ufx|f] ls e"uf]na]Qfxsf] cWoogcg';f/ pQm :6fnflS66sf] NfDafO
of prfO eg'F Ps ;]lG6ld6/ aGg %)) b]lv !))) jif{ nfU5 eGg]
cg'dfg u/f}F . tL eLdsfo rfg aGg slt ldlnog jif{ nfUof] xf]nf
h'g k[YjLsf] uj{df dfG5]sf] kx'r
F af6 n's/] /x]sf] lyof] . hlt leq uof]
ofqf:kz{

85

Tolt crDdnfUbf :6fnflS66 . sfaf]l{ gs Pl;8 / nfOd:6f]gaf6

lgld{t ljz]if k|sf/sf] rfg . crDd nfUbf cfsl[tdf ple/x]sf
h;nfO{ Oh/fonLxn] ;'xfpFbf] gfd klg lbPsf /x]5g\ . cfdfn]
gfgL af]s]/ plePsf] h:tf] :jksf] rfg, cfdf5f]/L, l;Gs]
rfprfph:tf] 5fgf]df em'lG8/x]sf rfgnfO{, dfsf/f]gL, ;d'sf]
lkFwdf kfOg] afg:klts hLjh:tf] rfgnfO{, sf]/n', Ps 7fpFdf eg]
dflyaf6 :6fnflS66 emb{} tnaf6 :6fUnfdfO6 y'lk|bF } b'jl} t/af6 a9\b}
glhlsFb} uP/ s]xL ;]lG6ld6/sf] b"/Ldf k'u/] b'jl} t/af6 j[l4sf] qmd
/f]lsPkl5 ag]sf] rfgnfO{ c;kmn k|d
] h:tf /dfOnf gfd ;'Gbf klg
/dfOn} eof] .
cln cufl8 k'u/] df]l8Pkl5 3'd/] u]6lt/} kmls{g] qmddf Pp6f
;;fgf] kfgLsf] tnfp e]l6of] . kxf8sf] ue{leq /x]sf] /x:ofTds
tnfpsf] s~rg kfgL c~h'nLdf pefP/ Ps 3'6s
\ f] lkpFh:tf] nfUof] .
h:tf]M d]/f] ufpFdf kFw/] f vf]N;Lsf] kfgL 3636L lkpFyF] s'g} a]nf . t/
cufl8 nlDsg} gkfO{ ufO8n] /f]Sb} eGof] of] kfgL lkpgnfos 5}g,
cfjZoseGbf a];L ljljw vlgh, /f;folgs tj ldl;Psf] x'gfn]
lkpgNfO{ lgif]w ul/Psf] 5 . To;kl5 eg] aNn ufO8n] Ps lglZrt
7fpFdf pEofP/ xfdLnfO{ kmf]6f] lvRg] cg'dlt lbof] / Ps ldg]6 ;a}
hgf r'knfUg';\ / ;'Gg';\ eGof] . To;} uof}F . Hofb} dw'/f] k|sfzsf]
Joj:yf ul/Psf] pQm u'kmfdf aflx/L Wjlg aGb u/]kl5 l;lnaf6
kmfkm' emg{] kfgLsf] yf]kf tn stfstf ahfl/Fbf Ps k|sf/sf]
Do'lhsn cfjfhh:tf] nfUbf] /x]5 . l6lSns, l6lSns, l6lSns, 6'Sn's .
kQf nfu]kl5 tfTsfnLg g];gnkfs{sf] ;+/If0fdf / xfn Oh/fPn
g]r/kfs{sf] ;+/If0f / :jfldTjdf /]vb]v ul/Fb} cfPsf] pQm cToGt
hfb'do u'kmfnfO{ a8f] htg u/L /flvPsf] /x]5 tfls o;sf] cl:tTj
efjL lkF9Ln] klg b]Vg kfpg\ .
lgs} jif{;Dd ulx/f] / ;"Id ef}ule{s cWoogkl5 dfq
;j{;fwf/0fsf] nflu v'Nnf ul/Psf] To; cltLo u'kmfleq /xFbfsf]
;dodf ufO8n] lgs}k6s bf]xf]ofof], o; u'kmfsf] cl:tTj arfO
86

ofqf:kz{

/fVgdf ;a}eGbf w]/} xft oxfF cfpg] ko{6sxs} /xG5 . d}n] ;f]w
F]
s;/L < hafkmdf eGof] oxfFleqsf] cj:yf Psbd} gfh's 5 .
crfgs ablng] tfkqmd, Xo'ldl86L sfa{g8fOcS;fO8sf] n]an, rsf{]
cfjfhaf6 pTkGg x'g ;Sg] 3if{0f / sDkg cflbn] oxfF /x]sf k|fs[lts
gfh's rLhaLhnfO{ xfgL ug{ ;S5, To;}n] To;f] x'g gbLg tkfO{x+ s}
a];L xft x'G5 . To;}n] /x]5 ko{6sxnfO{ ToxfF /x]sf s'g} klg
rLhaLhdf xft nufpg lgif]w /x]5 . To;kl5 3'dfp/f] af6f] u/L
kmls{of}F klxn]s} u]6df / aflxl/of}F .
To; a]nf;Dd ef]sn] ;tfpg yfln;s]sf] lyof] . xtf/xtf/
dfly :Gofs af/df k'Ubf lrkf]/f Ps em'G8 ko{6sx;Fu ulkmFb}
/lx5g\ . dnfO{ b]Vgf;fy a8f] km'lt{nf] d':sfg 5l/g\ / ;f]lwg\ xfp
cf]h of]/ ;/k|fOh < hafkmdf Ps ula{nf] d':sfg;lxt eg]F
lrkf]/f O6 cf]h e]/L jG8k{m" n ;/k|fOh ofG6fl:6s a6 o' cf/
df]:6 jG8/k"mn b]g cn ckm lb;, cfO ljn aL u|6] km"n 6' o' km/Pe/ .
To;kl5 ToxLF :Gofs af/df xNsf vfhf vfP/ 3/lt/sf] af6f] nfUof}F .
kmls{b+ f ;a} km]l/ cfcfk"md} ulkmg yfn] . d eg] cl3 ev{/
b]vs
] f] crDdnfUbf] u'kmf / ToxfFleqsf] s'g} syfdf jl0f{t cs{} nf]sh:tf]
b[Zo ;lDemFb} ;f]Rb} lyPF . ;/sf/L tj/af6 o;/L g} vf]h / htg ug{]
xf] eg] xfdL;Fu o:tf cgluGtL ;Dkbf 5g\, h;af6 cf}Bf]lus /
s[lqdtfn] u|:t l;f] ljZjsf] Wofg tfGg ;lsGYof] h;n] b]z t
lrgfpFYof] g} xfdL g]kfnLnfO{ bl/tfaf6 klg dfly psf:Yof] cjZo,
t/ o:tf] s;n] ;f]Rg] < g]tf n8\gdf / xfdL tfnL ahfpgd} Jo:t
d]/f] b]z clg d]/f] a]jfl/;] dx]Gu'kmfnfO{ rfx]/ klg d}n] Oh/fonsf]
;f]/s
] u'kmf;Fu t'ngf ug{ ;lsgF . t/ s] slxNo} g;s"n
F f<

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hGd M @)@$, zlgZr/] #, emfkf .

cfsfz v:of] eg] s] x'G5 <, ;d'b| / cGo sljtfx, cIf/jiff{,
k|d
] sf] k|ltWjlg sljtfdf kxf8, ltgfp gbL / a"9f] v, ofqfsf
s]xL y'uF f k"mn nx/nx/sf cIf/x -lgofqf_, gLnf] kfgL / gLnf
efjgfx
-lgofqf_, 3/ kms{g] lbg, t]x/fg 8fo/Lsf] Ps ;ftf -lgofqf_
lxF8b\ } ubf{ -lgaGw;\ux| _, laof]G8 b xf]nL af]8/{ .
-c\uh
]| Ldf lgofqf_ c\uh
]| L, hfkfgL, sf]l/ofnL, ;la{ofnL, lxGbL
/ hd{g efiffdf /rgfxsf] cg'jfb Pjd\ k|sfzg .
sljtf dxf]T;j, k|yd@)%), pQd zflGt k'/:sf/ @)%%, o'jf
jif{ df]tL k'/:sf/ @)^@ f/f ;Ddflgt .
Email: bhismaupreti@yahoo.co.uk

88

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a'sf{leqsf s]6Lx
hLjgdf slxNo} klg k'unF" f eg]/ ;f]Rt} g;f]rs] f] b]z O/fgsf]
/fhwfgL t]x/fgdf @& k'; @)%( zlgaf/ cyf{t\ !! hgj/L @))#
sf] laxfg nueu !) ah]lt/ cfOk'uF] . O/fgsf] s]Gb|Lo a}n] u/]sf]
df}lb|s gLlt / d'bf| :kmLltsf] cGt/;DaGwaf/]sf] PsxKt] ;]ldgf/df
efu lng'kg]{ sfo{qmd lyof] . ljz]iftM ;g\ !(&( sf] O:nflds qmflGtkl5
s/ O:nflds b]z eg]/ lrlgPsf] O/fgdf kfOnf 6]sG' h]n;Dd klg
dgsf] cfsfz k"0f{tM v'Ng ;s]sf] lyPg . lz/b]lv kfp;Dd sfnf]
a'sf{n] k"/} hLp 5f]Kg] O:nflds b]zsf dlxnfx;Fu s'/f ug'{ x'g] xf]
ls xf]Og, Tof] klg lglZrt yfxf lyPg . Ps lsl;dsf] c;lhnf]
af]ls/x]s} lyPF cfk"m;Fu} .
Po/kf]6a{ f6 Oldu|;
] gsf] cf}krfl/stf ;s]/ aflx/ lg:sg]lalQs}
e]6 eP kfls:tfgaf6 ToxL sfo{qmddf cfPsf kfFr hgf ;xefuLx .
kl/ro u/]F pgLxdWo] rf/ hgf;Fu . kfFrf}F ;xefuLrflxF s]6L lyO{
a'sf{n] 5f]lkPsL . w'lDdPsf] afbnh;/L r'krfk al;/x]sL p;nfO{
af]nfOgF . p;sf ;fyLxn] klg p;sf] kl/ro d;Fu u/fpg] r]i6f
u/]gg\ . xfdL Pp6} uf8Laf6 uof},F nfn] xf]6n;Dd . af6f]el/ tL rf/
kfls:tfgL;Fu cg]s ukmx eP . xfF;f]7f klg eP t/ uf8Lsf]
ofqf:kz{

89

cl3Nnf] l;6df a;]sL s]6L eg] g af]NyL, g xfF:yL g} . p;sf]

cfOdfO{uGw dfq d]/f] r]tgfdf af/Daf/ cfqmd0f ub}{ d]/f] Psfu|tfdfly
wfjf af]NYof] . nf]eL cfFvfx s;f]s;f] To;}lt/ kmls{xfNy] . d
;a}nfO{ 5n]/ rf]/Lrf]/L To; a'sf{jfnLnfO{ klg x]b{} lyPF .
b'O{ lbg;Dd t To; s]6L;Fu af]nrfn} ePg . t];|f] lbgsf]
;]ldgf/df tLgj6f a]Unfa]Un} ;d"xdf ;xefuLxnfO{ afF8/] ljifox
lbOof] 5nkmn / k|:t'lt ug{ . d ePsf] ;d"xd} k/L Tof] s]6L cyf{t\
;flbof tflx/ . To;} ;d"xdf k/] c b'O6L O/fgL dlxnf ;xefuLx
klg . O/fgL dlxnf ;xefuLx ljifoj:t'df /fd|} bvn /fVg] eP klg
efiffsf] ;d:ofdf k/] . cfof]tNnf /f]xf]Nnf v'dg] Ln] O:nflds qmflGt
;DkGg u/]kl5 O/fgdf c\uh
]| L efiffdf k|ltaGw nufP5g\ . lzIff /
1fgsf] s]Gb|sf] kdf lrlgPsf] O/fgsf ljZjljBfnoaf6 To;kl5
klZrdf ljfg\x kms]/{ uP5g\ . O/fg lzIff / 1fgsf] If]qdf la:tf/}
v'DrFb} uP5 . kmn:jk ;g\ !(&) sf] bzssf kl5Nnf jif{x jf
;g\ !(*) kl5 hGd]sf] Pp6f l;} k':tf c\uh
]| L efiff k9\g] cj;/af6
jl~rt eP5 . ToxL k':tfleq kg]{ oL b'O6L O/fgL dlxnfx;Fu /fd|/L
;+jfb ug{ ;lsPg . afFsL 5nkmn ax/fOgsf] s]6f], ;flbof / d}n] g}
ug'k{ g]{ eof] .
ToxfF afbn kmf6]kl5sf] ;kmf pHofnf] cfsfz h;/L 5\of
v'ns
] L ;flbof la:tf/} d]/f] cToGt} ldNg] ;fyL eO{ pd]/, cg'ej /
?lr ;a} s'/fn] . o;n] d]/f] t]x/fgofqfnfO{ yk /dfOnf] dfq agfPg,
O:nflds u0ftGqaf6 cfPsL d';ndfg s]6L;Fusf] klxnf] ldqtf
ePsfn] pgLxnfO{ x]g,{] a'g] / Jojxf/ ug]{ sfddf ;d]t ;lhnf]
eof] .
To; lbgsf] ;]ldgf/kl5 xfdL s]xL Pp6f ;'k/:6f]/ 3'Dg uof}F .
;flbof klg xfdL;Fu} cfO{ . eJo, ;kmf / Jojl:yt ;'k/:6f]/df
vfBfGgb]lv nQfsk8f, :6];g/L, x:tsnfsf ;fdu|Lx, sDanx,
On]lS6sn / On]S6fl] gS;sf ;fdfgx, z[f/ tyf k|;fwgsf ;fdu|Lx
90

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;a} kfOGy] . cg'xf/df a'sf{sf] sfnf] gnufP/ skfn 5f]Kg lxhfa

dfq nufP/ k;ndf a;]sf /fd|f/fd|f O/fgL s]6Lxsf] pHofnf]
cg'xf/ / ToxfF v]ln/x]sf] l:gUw d':sfgn] k;nnfO{ emg} ;'Gb/
agfOlbPsf] lyof] .
k;nsf s]6Lx c\uh
]| L a'b}gy] . d':s'/fpFy] dL7f];uF h;sf
nflu efiff hflg/xg' kb}g{ Yof] . laqmLsf nflu /flvPsf ;fdfgxdf
n]lvPsf cIf/x klg ls t kmf/;L efiffsf lyP ls t eg] c/aL .
xfdLn] a'em] gf}F . ;d:ofxaLr clNem/x]sf] a]nf ;flbof cl3 ;/L
;xof]u ug{ . kmf/;L / pb"s
{ f cIf/x clncln ldNg] ePsf]n] pb{"
efifL pm kmf/;L clncln a'lb/lx5] . p;n] s]xL j:t'xaf/] hfgsf/L
u/fO{ . t/ pm PSnLn] a]Unfa]Un} ?lr ePsf xfdLx ;a}nfO{ kof{Kt
d2t ug{ ;lsg . k]ml/ p;sf cfg} nflu klg sltko j:t'x
lsGg'kg]{ /x]5 . t;y{ ef/taf6 cfPsf 8f= zf:qL / d ToxfFsf x/]s
sfpG6/sf dfG5]x;Fu c\uh
]| L af]Ng sf] hfGb5 eg]/ ;f]Wb} lxF8o\ f}F .
Pp6L @)@@ jif]{ cUnL, uf]/L / ;'Gb/L s]6L af]Ng hflGb/lx5] c\uh
]| L .
pm ha xfF:yL lg, l;} t]x/fg pHofnf] ePe}mF nfUYof] . x'g] eP d tL
k;nsf] ;fdfg xf]Og p;sf] d':sfg lsg]/ n}hfGyF] g]kfn . xfd|f]
cfu|xnfO{ p;n] ;xif{ :jLsf/ ub}{ xfdLnfO{ ;xof]u ug]{ tTk/tf
b]vfO{ . s:tf] /dfOnf] s'/f t/ p;n] w]/a} /] p;sf] k;n 5f8\g
gldNg] ePsf]n] xfdLn] cfk"mn] lsGg nfu]sf ;/;fdfgx 5'6o\ fpFb}
/fVb} uof}F / p;nfO{ p;sf] cg'sn
" tf x]//] d"No ldnfpg / lsGg]
;+Vof atfpg af]nfof}F .
To;} ;fFem a}n] xfdL ;]ldgf/sf ;xefuLxnfO{ /flqef]h lbg]
ePsf] lyof] . To;}n] xfdL ;a} hgf a}s} df]6/df a;]/ nfUof}F s]Gb|Lo
} /' fdf kfls:tfgdf
a}sf] Sna ejglt/ . /flqef]h ;s]/ kms{b+ f s'/s
dlxnfxn] ef]lu/x]sf] hLjgrof{sf] af/]df s'/f p7\of] . ;flbofn]
egL tkfO{+xn] aflx/af6 x]/]h:tf] xf]Og kfls:tfgL ;dfh .
dlxnfx bafOPsf / x]lkPsf 5}gg\ kfls:tfgdf .
ofqf:kz{

91

kqklqsfdf lsg olt lag dlxnfdflysf lx+;f / sf?l0fstfsf

s'/fx 5flkG5g\ t < d}n] ;f]wF] .
s]xL :jfyL{xn] /fhgLltsf] ljifo agfP o;nfO{ . s]xL
s/kGyLxn] cfgf] Aofkf/ / afFRg] axfgf agfP . To;}nfO{ p5fn]
ldl8ofxn] . unt va/ uO/x]sf] 5 aflx/ . tkfO{x+ e|ddf x'gx' G' 5 .
p;n] k|ltjfb u/L .
xfjf grnL kft xlNnG5 / < tkfO{x+ cg'xf/} 5f]k/] a'sf{
nufpg afWo x'gx' G' 5 . a'sf{n] tkfO{x+ sf] aflx/L ;f}Gbo{ dfq xf]Og
efjgf, OR5f / cfsf+IffnfO{ ;d]t 5f]k/] /fV5 . tkfO+x{ :jtGq
3'dlkm/ ug{ ;Sg'xG' g . oL t pbfx/0f dfq} x'g\ . d}n] klg cfk"mnfO{
k5fl8 x6fpg rflxgF .
dnfO{ a'sf{ nufpg] ls gnufpg] k"0f{ :jtGqtf 5 . d sfof{nodf
;fFem ca]nf;Dd sfd u5'{ . d]/f] efO laxfg dnfO{ clkm;df k'ofpg
/ ;fFem lng cfpF5 eg] Tof] t emg} dxj / dfof lbPsf] xf] lg . d}n]
kl/jf/sf] dfof kfPsf] xf] lg, oxfF g/fd|f] sxfF 5 p;n] Hofb}
rnfsLk"0f{ ts{ u/L .
t/ o;n] tkfO{+sf] cfTdljZjf;nfO{ a9\g lbFb}g . tkfO{+sf]
:jtGqtf / OR5fsf] p8fgnfO{ cgfjZos ;Ldfdf afFlwlbG5 .
tkfO{x+ nfO{ xfdL sdhf]/ 5f}F eGg] ;DemfO/xG5 . xf]Og / <
To;f] xf]Og . dfof / :g]xnfO{ sdhf]/L 7fGg' x'bF g} . dnfO{ g}
x]g;
{' \ g, of] pd]/df kl/jf/n] PSn} ljb]zdf k7fPsf] 5 . tkfO{;
+ uF
slt v'n/] Jojxf/ ul//x]sL 5' . kfls:tfgdf PSn} a:5' Sjf6{/df .
d]/f] :jtGqtfnfO{ ;Ldf sxfF 5 < pm cfgf] egfOdf cl8u eO/xg]
s'/f a'lem;s]/ klg d}n] cfgf] egfOnfO{ To;} 5f8\g rflxgF .
tkfO{+ ckjfb xf]nf . xfdLn] t ;dfhsf cfddflg;sf] / k|jl[ Qsf]
s'/f ug]{ xf], JolQmljz]ifsf] xf]Og . cem ljz]ift u|fdL0f dlxnfdflysf]
pTkL8g rsf]{ 5, To;sf] s'/f ug]{ xf] . k]ml/ tkfO{+ t lzlIft / rnfv
92

ofqf:kz{

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+ ] slt a7\ofOFk0" f{ JofVof ug'e
{ of] . w]/} s'/f t AofVof
s;/L ul/G5, To;df e/ k5{ . t/ ef]Ug]n] ef]us
] f] b'Mv t b'Mv} xf] lg .
xf]Og / <
Tof] t xf] . wd{n] u/ eG5 / xfdL wd{sf] kfngf u5f}{+ eg] g/fd|f]
sxfF x'G5 / < p;n] egL .
wd{n] eg]sf ;a} s'/f ;do laTb} hfFbf /fd|f / pkof]uL
eO/xFbg} g\ . sltko s'/f t ;do;dodf kl/dfh{g ub}{ hfg'k5{
lg d}n] p;nfO{ ;Demfpg rfx]F .
d}n] xfd|f] wd{df To:tf] v/fa kIfsf] cg'ej u/]sL 5}gF .
p;n] egL .
To;f] eP t 7Ls 5 . ;a}eGbf dxjk"0f{ s'/f t tkfO{x+ hf]
ToxL ;dfhdf x'gx' G' 5, v';L x'gk' 5{ . tkfO{x+ v';L eP t eOuf] lg
t/ s]xL ;xl/of / km/flsnf] ;f]r ePsfnfO{ 5f8\g] xf] eg] t gs}{ 5
lg ce}m klg, xf]Og / < d}n] k]ml/ eg]F .
o;kl5 p;n] egL ;a} 7fpFdf ;a} lsl;dsf 36gf / Jojxf/
t w]/yf]/ eOxfN5g\ lg .
xfdL o;kl5 xfF:of}F dHhfn] . d}n] eg]F oxL s'/f t tkfO{a+ f6
;'Gg rfx]sf] d}n] . tkfO{s
+ f] rnfvL sfd nfu]g ca .
d]/f] s'/f ;'g/] uf8Lleqsf afFsL ;a} hgf xfF:g yfn] . pgLx
s;}sf] kIf glnO{sg t6:y eP/ ;'lg/x]sf lyP xfd|f] ;+jfb . ha
Pp6f lgrf]8df k'Uof}F xfdL, ta /dfOnf];uF efu lnP pgLxn]
o;kl5sf] Vofn7fdf .

csf]{ lbg ;fFem Hj]n/L Do'lhod x]g{ hfg] sfo{qmd lyof] . dg

To;}n] klg rGrn eO/x]sf] lyof] . clxn] uf8Ldf a;]/ Do'lhodlt/
x'OlF sPkl5 t pT;'stf XjfQ} a9\of] . dgsf] k'mk'm/{ sf] t s] s'/f
ofqf:kz{

93

O/fgsf] s]Gb|Lo a}sf] ;a}eGbf k'/fgf] t/ 7"nf] b/af/ ejgdf

/x]5 Hj]n/L Do'lhod . xfdLnfO{ o; ejgsf] d"n 9f]sfd} Sofd/f /
cGo r'DasLo j:t'x eP ;'/IffsdL{nfO{ a'emfpg elgof] .
hjfx/ftsf] kmf]6f] lvrf}n
F f eGg] pT;fxdf lyof},F t/ kfgL kl/xfNof]
;'?d} . xfdL ;a}n] Sofd/f a'emfof}F / PsPsj6f 6f]sg k|fKt uof}F
;fdf .
d"n 9f]sfaf6 leq k;]sf] dfq lyPF, jfkm /] crfgs ;f;}
/f]lsPe}mF nfUg] lsl;dsf] csNkgLo ;f}Gbo{, eJotf / ljnf;;Fu
hDsfe]6 eof] . O/fgsf /fhfxn] k|of]u ug]{ u/]sf ;'grfFbL / c
s]s] xf] s]s] hjfx/ftn] lgld{t emnemnfsf/ eJo kn . d t
cjfs\, s]jn 6'n6' n
[' ' x]l//x]sf] lyPF . ;Fu} plePsL ;flbofn] egL
of] knrflxF kfPF eg] dnfO{ ;+;f/sf c s'g} rLh rflxFbg} . d}n]
k'nS' s p;nfO{ x]/F] / p;sf] sfg}g/] k'm;k'm;fPF lgb|f nfU5 o:tf]
kndf <
pm dlt/ x]//] dL7f];uF d':s'/fO{ dfq . dnfO{ t ;fFRr} lgb|f nfUg]
5}g o:tf] kndf ;'Tg kfP klg . of] eJotfn], hjfx/ftsf] /fkn]
dh:tf] ;fwf/0f dfG5]sf] lgb|fnfO{ glhs cfpg} lbg] 5}g kSs} klg .
s;/L r}gn] lgbfP xf]nfg\ O/fgL /fhf/fgL oxfF s] O/fgL hgtfsf]
bf?0f ul/aLsf] 6L7nfUbf] d'xf/ / s?0ffn] kf]ng] xf]nf / pgLxnfO{
etetL <
xfdL csf]{ 9f]sfaf6 leq l5of}F . ljzfn sf]7fdf lah'nLaQLsf]
dw'/f] k|sfz aflnPsf] lyof] . o; sf]7fleqsf] bf}nt / ltgsf] rdrdfx6,
afkm /] d]/f] hLjgsf] ;j{yf gf}nf] s'/f lyof] . s] dfq x]g{] / s'g
snfsfl/tfsf] k|z;
+ f ug]{ s'g uxgf x]g{] / cfgL dfofn'nfO{ ;lDemg]
d t cndlnPF ;fx|} g} . olt w]/} bf}nt, ax'dN" o hjfx/ft Ps} 7fpFdf
b]vn
F' f eGg] t d}n] slxNo} sNkg} ug{ ;lsgF eg] b]Vg] cfzf t s;/L
ug'{ k]ml/ lhGbuLel/df b]v'Fnf eGg] lslGrt ck]Iff klg 5}g .
emnemnfsf/ xL/f, df]tL, d'uf, ?jL, kGgf / c s]s] xf] s]s] gfd}
ghfg]sf /Tgxn] ag]sf snfk"0f{ >Lk]rx, dxf/fgLn] nufpg]
94

ofqf:kz{

tfhx, ljleGg lsl;dsf u/uxgfx, dfnfx, sDd/k]6L, t/af/sf

Dofgx, 9fn, snfTds srf}/f, rDrf / Kn]6x . /fhf/fgLsf] log}
/Tghl8t eJo l;Fxf;g / cf}krfl/s kf];fsx . ;'grfFbL dfq t
t'R5 9'f a/fa/ nfUg yfn] dnfO{ ToxfF . To:t}, tTsfnLg O/fgL
/fhfn] ljt/0f ug]{ ljleGg tSdfx klg ;hfOPsf lyP . s'g} klg
uxgf cyjf s]xLdf hl8t gul/Psf xL/f, df]tL, ?aL, ;'gsf 6'qmfx
cflb klg TolQs} ;hfP/ /flvPsf lyP .
ToxfFsf] Ps hgf sd{rf/L xfdLnfO{ k|To]s uxgfsf], k|To]s
j:t'sf] af/]df, To;nfO{ k|of]u ug]{ JolQmsf] af/]df, To;sf] sflnu9L
/ lgld{ltsf] af/]df 6]k/]s8{ vf]nh
] ;/L km//{ e6\ofO/x]sf] lyof] Pp6}
k|jfxdf . p;n] s]xL xL/fsf 7"nf7"nf 6'qmfx / cGo jx'd"No
hjfx/ftxnfO{ b]vfpFb} ef/tsf] x}b/fjfb, lbNnL / cGo ;x/xaf6
NofPsf] eGbf d}n] ;'6S' s ef/tLo ;fyLxsf] cg'xf/df x]/F] . pgLxsf]
cg'xf/df 7"nf] cfZro{aLr tgfj;d]t b]vF] . Ps lsl;dsf] Iff]eh:tf],
;a}eGbf lk|o j:t' u'dfpg'k/]sf] kL8fh:tf] Hofb} gdL7f] efj b]vF] .
ljz]iftM ef/taf6 ;]ldgf/df efu lng cfPsfdWo]sf b'O{ dlxnfx
>LdtL anjL/ sf}/ / 8f= zld{i7f ldqfsf] cg'xf/df of] efjgf k|:6
k9]F d}n] .
To; eJo sIfaf6 aflx/ lg:sFbf ;flbof k]ml/ d]/f] glhs} cfOk'us
] L
lyO{ . s] 5 clxn] ljrf/ < la:tf/} ;f]wF] d}n] .
dnfO{ of] kn / Tof] k/sf] Pp6f tfh eP k'U5 . p;n] egL .
d}n] sfnf] a'sf{n] 5f]ks
] f] p;sf] hLp8fn / pd]/ lgofn]F PskN6
/ eg]
F dxf/fgL x'g] ljrf/ 5 ls s;f] <
pm k]ml/ d':s'/fO{ ltg} hjfx/fth:t} pHofnf] d':sfgdf .

Ps ;fFem O/fgsf] s]Gb|Lo a}n] xfdLnfO{ k/Dk/fut /]:6'/G] 6df

/fqLef]h lbg] eof] . xfdL /]:6'/G] 6df k'Ubf c ;a} cfO;s]sf lyP .
/]:6'/G] 6 vrfvr lyof] . hldgsf] ;txeGbf Ps tNnf xf]rf] 7fpFdf
ofqf:kz{

95

l;F9L cf]n/{] uof}F xfdL . leq lah'nLaQLsf] k|sfzn] lbpF;f]h:t} pHofnf]

nfUYof] . htftt} k/Dk/fut O/fgL snf d':s'/fO/x]sf, vfnL /x]sf
7fpFxdf O/fgL lrqsnfx ;hfOPsf Psbd eJo b]lvGYof] leqL
jftfj/0f . sf7df s'lF bPsf a'fx klg slt /fd|f lg k]ml/ .
dfG5]sf] eL8leq af6f] klxNofpFb} k:of}F xfdL .
ToxfF ev{/} lax] u/]sf Ps hf]8L b'nxfb'nxLsf] kfl/jfl/s ef]h
klg /x]5 . Ps 5]pdf ;fx|} cfsif{s n'ufdf l;Fufl/P/ a;]sL lyOg\
b'nxL . ;fx|} /fd|L, ;fx|} pHofnL b'nxLs} 5]pdf ;'66fO{df 7fFl6P/
a;]sf lyP b'nxf /fhf . cfh oxfF sfnf] a'sf{nfO{ k/flht ub}{ dfG5]sf]
:jfefljs cfsf+Iff / hLlhljiffsf] ljho ePsf] lyof] . b'nxfb'nxLsf
olt w]/} kfl/jfl/s ;b:oxdWo] ;fx}| yf]/} dlxnfn] dfq klxl/Psf
lyP a'sf{ . ;fdfGo ;'Gb/ n'ufdf :jfefljs kdf O/fgL dlxnfnfO{
x]g{] d]/f] /x/ oxfF k"/f ePsf] lyof] . ;fy}, cfh} lbpF;f] dfq} ahf/df
cg]s / / l8hfOgsf Psbd /fd|f/fd|f s]6Lxn] nufpg] k]mG;L
n'ufx s;n] nufpnf eg]/ p7]sf] d]/f] lh1f;fsf] cf+lzs hafkm;d]t
e]l6Psf] lyof] .

;]ldgf/sf] clGtd lbg lbpF;f]sf] @ ah] g} ;Dk"0f{ sfo{qmd

;lsof] . aflx/ emndNn nfu]sf] lyof] 3fd . o:tf] a]nfdf klg s]
a:g' xf]6nsf] Pp6f sf]7fdf ;fF3l' /P/ k]ml/ dnfO{ t ;flbofn]
eg]cg';f/ eujfg\n] k7fOlbPsf] kmn PlGh/ lsGg' lyof], sljtfsf
lstfax lsGg' lyof] . ;don] cg'dlt lbP;Dd t]x/fg 3'Dg' klg
lyof] .
s] ug]{ s] ug]{ x'bF fx'bF } d t]x/fg ljZjljBfno;Fu} /x]sf] k':tsxsf]
k;n afhf/ P lstfa hfg] 6'f]df k'uF] .
xf]6nsf] 7\ofSs} k"jk{ l Pp6f af6f] lyof] ;Lw} blIf0f uPsf] .
ToxL af6f]af6 ;Lw} hfFbf sl/j cfwf 3G6fdf t]x/fg ljZjljBfno
k'luG5 elgPsf]n] d af6f]df lgl:sPF . xfjf a]:;/L rn]sf] eP klg
96

ofqf:kz{

lxF8g\ g} /dfOnf] nfUof] . Pp6f o'js cfpFb} lyof] ljk/Lt lbzfaf6 .

p;nfO{ /f]s/] d}n] t]x/fg ljZjljBfno hfg] af6f] of] xf] ls xf]Og
eGg] lglZrt x'g rfx]F . cg]s k|sf/n] ;f]w] klg p;n] of t /fd|/L
a'g ;s]g of t /fd|/L eGg hfg]g . lar/f pxL efiffsf] ;d:of
cfof] oxfF klg . o;} a]nf glhs} lxFl8/x]sL Pp6L dlxnf efiffsf]
;d:ofn] hGdfPsf] xfd|f] xljut b]v/] pleOg\ . pgn] s]xL eGg
rfx]emF} klg ul/g\ . d}n] of] ;]t kfP/ tL O/fgL o'jfaf6 5'6s
\ f/f lnPF
/ pgL glhs uPF .
tkfO{+ s]xL ;f]Wb} x'gx' G' 5 xf] < pgn] c\uh
]| Ldf elgg\ .
xf], t]x/fg ljZjljBfno hfg lxF8s
] f] . s] of] af6f]af6 uPF eg]
d k'un
F' f < d}n] hafkmdf eg]F .
cjZo} . pgn] elgg\ . 6\ofS;Ldf hfg'xG' 5 eg] d af]nfOlbG5' .
w]/} 6f9f 5 / < d}n] pN6} k|Zg u/]F pgnfO{ .
5}g . To:t} @) ldg]6 hlt nfUnf . pgn] eg]kl5 d}n] Tolt
t lxF8/] } hfg rfx]sf] atfPF . pgn] t'?Gt} elgg\ To;f] eP d klg
ToxLF hfg lxF8s
] L . lx+8g\ x' f];,\ d k'ofOlbG5' .
cxf] pgL t 9'f vf]Hbf ldn]sf] b]jtf kf] eOg\ . dnfO{ 3'D6f]n]
5f]lkPsL O/fgL dlxnf;Fu PSn} lxF8g\ clnslt zf]r / cK7\of/f] t
nfUof] g}, t/ ;f]r
F] cK7\of/} kg]{ eP t pgL g} a9L ;ts{ x'bF L x'g\ lg
t . d}n] pgnfO{ xflb{s wGojfb lbPF / ;Fu;Fu} lxF8g\ yfn]F .
tkfO{+ s'g b]zaf6 cfpg'efsf] < pgn] ;f]lwg\ .
F] tkfO{n
+ ] g]kfnsf] gfd
g]kfnaf6 . d}n] eg]F / pgnfO{ ;f]w
;'Gg'efsf] 5 <
;'gs
] L 5' lg . pgn] 5f]6f] hafkm lbOg\ .
d}n] pgnfO{ pgsf] c\uh
]| L w]/} /fd|f] ePsf] egL k|z;
+ f u/]F /
cfk"mn] oxfFsf k;nxdf c\uh
]| L efiffsf] ;d:of ef]us
] f] atfPF .
ofqf:kz{

97

pgL dL7f];uF d':s'/fOg\ / elgg\ d t]x/fg ljZjljBfnodf c\uh

]| L
k9fpF5' . k]ml/ d}n] cd]l/sfdf k9]sL x'F .
ca d}n] dHh}n] s'/f ug{ ;Sg] ePF pgLl;t .
pgn] ;f]lwg\ g]kfnaf6 s] sfdn] cfpg'efsf] t]x/fg <
d}n] cfk"m g]kfnsf] s]Gb|Lo a}df sfd ug]{ ePsfn] oxfFsf]
s]Gb|Lo a}sf] ;]ldgf/df cfPsf] atfPF . pgn] To;kl5 pgLxsf]
k};f sdhf]/ eO/x]sf], cy{Joj:yf /fd|f] cj:yfdf g/x]sf], a]/f]huf/L
al9/x]sf], hgtf c;Gt'i6 /x]sf] s'/f atfOg\ . d o;sf ;fy} vf;
u/L a'sf{n] 5f]lkPsf] hLjgsf] af/]df hfGg rfxGy]F pgLl;t . d}n]
s'/fsf] k|f/De u/]F lxhf] dfq t]x/fgsf] ahf/df b]v]sf dlxnfn]
nufpg] /LrL n'ufsf k|;af6 . dleq olt /fd|f / /Lg n'ufx
s;sf nflu xf]nfg\, oxfFsf dlxnfx sfnf] a'sf{ dfq nufpF5g\ eGg]
pT;'stf 5Fb} lyof] . pgn] elgg\ xfdL g} nufpF5f}F lg tL ;a} n'uf .
3/df kl/jf/;Fu a:tf, aflx/ lxF8b\ f klg nufpF5f}F t/ a'sf{n] 5f]K5f}F
aflx/af6 .
5f]Kg} k/]kl5 dxFuf / cfw'lgs k]m;g nufpg'sf] cy{ s] /xG5
/ < dleq x\jfQ a9]sf] lh1f;f lyof] of] .
dgnfO{ zflGt x'G5 . cfk"mnfO{ t nufPsf] 5' eGg] x'G5 lg .
d}n] klg nufPsL 5' of] a'sf{leq . pgn] elgg\ . /, k]ml/ elgg\
tkfO{+ g} eGg';\ t ;+;f/sL s'g s]6L xf]nL hf] gofF l8hfOgsf],
cfw'lgs / cfk"m ;'xfpFbf] n'uf nufpg grfxFbL xf] < pgsf] k|Zgleqsf]
dfld{stfn] dgleq 3f]Rof] dnfO{ . d}n] cfg} jl/kl/sf g]kfnL s]6Lxn]
klg gofFgofF k]m;g ug{ dg u/]sf sltko 36gfx ;De]mF . d}n]
pgnfO{ klg x]/F] k'nS' s . pgn] d':sfPe}mF t ul/g\ t/ ToxfF pHofnf]
hLjg xf]Og cyfx kL8f lyof], c;Gtf]if lyof] pgsf] cfFvfdf . s7}a/f
O/fgL s]6Lx

98

ofqf:kz{

O/fgL dlxnfsf] hLjg ;fx|} b'MvL 5 oxfF . x]g;

{' \ g, dg nfu]sf]
/ ;'xfpg] n'uf nufpg gkfpg', /x/ nfu]sf] sfd ug{ gkfpg', vfpF
vfpF nfUg] s'/f vfg gkfpg', 3'Dg gkfpg' OR5fn] . o:tf] klg hLjg
x'G5 < s;/L x'sg{ kfpF5 k|ltefn] < s;/L k|ltefsf] ljsf; x'G5 <
pgsf] egfOdf dfq xf]Og, cg'xf/sf] /df ;d]t of] k|0ffnLk|lt,
;fdflhs ;f]rk|lt tLj| cfqmf]z lyof] .
d}n] o;} a]nf ylklbPF xfd|f] b]zdf t dlxnfx w]/y} f]s u5{g,\
ug{ ;S5g\ .
d]/f] egfOn] pgdf /x]sf] c;Gtf]if / ljb|fx] L efjgfnfO{ 36fPg .
pgn] k]ml/ elgg\ xf], dnfO{ yfxf 5 . t/ s] ug',{ oxfF t ;fx|}
bafOPsf 5g\ :jf:gLdfG5]x . wGg lg:sg kfpF5g\ 3/af6 / sfdrflxF
ug{ kfpF5g\ Pp6f ;Ldfleq a;]/ . dfgjflwsf/ eGg] s'/f t xfd|f]
nflu Pp6f ;kgf dfq xf] .
o:tf] kl/j]z 5 eg]/ hfGbfhfGb} klg tkfO{+ lsg cfpg'ef] t
cd]l/sfaf6 < d}n] ;f]wF] .
d]/f] >Ldfg\ / aRrfxnfO{ le;f lbPg . gq sf] cfpF5 o:tf]
b]zdf . x]g;
{' \ g, ;a} O/fgLx ljb]z hfg rfxG5g\, cd]l/sf hfg
rfxG5g\ . cd]l/sf t pgLxsf] :jKgb]z xf] . t/ cd]l/sfn] xfdLnfO{
le;} lbFbg} . s] ug'{ / pgn] r/d lg/fzf JoQm ul/g\ .
dnfO{ O/fgL dlxnfxsf] hLjgdf slt lg/fzf 5 To;sf]
cg'dfg ug{ ;lhnf] eof] logL;Fusf] e]6kl5 . ljZjljBfnosL Pp6L
k|fWofks, a};
+ sf /Lg lbgx latfO;s]/ k|f9} fj:yflt/ nfu]sL dfG5]df
t olt lag lg/fzf 5 eg] rGrn] aosf tL lszf]/Lx / a};
+ sf]
ef/n] g'xs
] f t?gLxdf slt lg/fzf el/Psf] xf]nf . s'g cfzf /
e/f];fn] ef]lnsf nflu ;kgf b]Vbf x'g\ pgLx . s7} o:tf] cGwsf/aLr
;flbof eg] Joy}{ O:nflds zf;gleqsf cfddlxnfsf] hLjgsf] 3f]/
cFWof/f]nfO{ n'sfpg vf]H5] .
ofqf:kz{

99

d}n] k]ml/ O/fgsf] s]Gb|Lo a}sf ltg} b'O{ ;xefuL dlxnfxnfO{

;De]mF . pgLx xfdL;Fu 5nkmndf slt w]/} efu lng rfxGy] . aflx/
nGrsf] a]nfdf jf lrof vfg] ;dodf slt w]/} s'/f ug{ rfxGyF] .
;fob pgLxsf] dgdf ufF7f] k/]sf ps';d's'; k'msfP/ b]vfpg
rfxGy], xfd|f g]kfnL r]nLxsf] hLjgufyf ;'Gg rfxGy] . k6sk6s
k|of; u/] klg pgLx;Fusf] ;+jfbnfO{ tGsfpg g;s]kl5 d}n]
pgLx;Fu kmf]6f] lvr]/ lrQ a'emfPsf] lyPF .
xfdL t]x/fg ljZjljBfnosf] kl/;/df cfO;s]sf lyof}F . d}n]
pgnfO{ O/fgL sljtfx cfk"mn] k9\g rfx]sf] atfO;s]sf] lyPF .
pgn] ;a} sljtfx c\uh
]| L efiffdf cg'jfb gePsf eP klg s]xL
lstfax eg] kfOg ;Sg] hfgsf/L lbOg\ . Pp6f rf]sdf cfO;s]kl5
pgn] cf}n
F fn] af6f] kfl/sf s]xL k;nxnfO{ b]vfOg\ / elgg\ tL
;a} k':ts k;nx x'g\ . ToxfF vf]Hg';\ x}, e]l6Pnfg\ . d]/f] sIff ;'?
x'g] a]nf eof], gq d} vf]lhlbGy]F .
dnfO{ t olt pgn] 5ftLleq u'lD;Psf] c;Gtf]if b]vfOlbPsf] g}
k|z:t lyof] . d}n] pgnfO{ e]6g\ kfPsf]df w]/} v';L nfu]sf] atfPF /
;xof]usf nflu s[t1tf JoQm u/]F . pgn] d':s'/fP/ :jLsf/ ul/g\ /
k"jl{ t/ kms]/{ Pp6f ejgnfO{ b]vfpFb} elgg\ pm ToxL ejgdf 5
d]/f] clkm;, c\uh
]| L ljefu . n t hfg';\ x}
t]x/fgdf klg xfd|f g]kfnsf k':ts k;nxh:t} kf7\oqmdsf
/ rNtLsf k':tsx dfq kfOg] w]/h
} ;f]df . sljtf O/fgdf klg yf]/}
kl9g] ljifo ePsf] 5 ;fob . k]ml/ k;nsf ;a}n] c\uh
]| L ga'g], s'/f
ug}{ ufx|f] . d lstfax vf]Hb} hfFbf afhf/ P lstfadf klg k'uF] .
O/fgL ldqn] l;kmfl/; u/]sf] To; k;ndf kmf/;L efiffdf 5flkPsf
O/fgL sljtfsf y'k}| lstfax eP klg c\uh
]| L cg'jfb lyPgg\ . d}n]
nf]leP/ 5f]PF sltko lstfanfO{ / s]xL lstfasf kfgfx;d]t kN6fP/
x]/]F .
csf]{ k;ndf k'Ubf s]xL ljBfyL{x lstfa lslg/x]sf lyP .
Pp6f sd{rf/LnfO{ Psl5gkl5 k'm;{b ePsfn] p;nfO{ d}n] cfgf]
100

ofqf:kz{

cfjZostf atfPF . p;n] hDdf tLg yfg lstfax lgsfNof] . tL

lstfax sjloqL km?3 kmf/f]vfhfb, k]m/]ob'g df]l;/L / ;f]x/fa
;]kx] /Ln] n]vs
] f lyP . lognfO{ c\uh
]| Ldf cg'jfb u/]/ kmf/;L tyf
c\uh
]| L b'j} efiffdf 5flkPsf lyP . To; k;n]n] g} km?3nfO{ zlQmzfnL
cfw'lgs sjloqL eGof] . O/fgL o'jfxdf pgL nf]slk|o l5g\ klg
eGof] . k]m/]ob'g df]l;/LnfO{ O/fgsf] cl3Nnf] k':tfsf ;fx|} k|ltli7t
slj eGof] . d}n] tLg}j6f lstfax lsg]F / xf]6ntk{m kmls{PF .
kfls:tfgLx csf]{ cln ;:tf] xf]6ndf ;g{ l7Ss k/]sf /x]5g\ .
d sf]7fleq} lyPF . s;}n] 9f]sfdf cfjfh lbPkl5 vf]nF] . ;flbof
plePsL lyO{ . egL xfdL csf]{ xf]6ndf ;b}5
{ f}F . Ps /ftsf] nflu
;g{ dg lyPg, t/ kfls:tfgsf ;fyLxnfO{ 5f]8g\ ldNb}g . hfg}kg]{
ef] .
d}n] p;nfO{ t]x/fg a;fOel/sf] ;xofqfsf] nflu wGojfb lbFb}
ofqf z'e xf];\ eg]F . p;n] ;Demgf:jk kfls:tfgsf] b; ?k}ofFsf]
gf]6 lbO{ / egL dnfO{ tkfO{s
+ f] sljtfsf] lstfa lbg'xG' g <
;f]w
F] sljtf k9\g dg nfU5 <
egL k9\5' lg . lbg';\ g . d}n] p;nfO{ d]/f] c\u|]hL
cg'jfb;lxt 5flkPsf] ;d'b| / cGo sljtfx lstfa lbPF . p;n]
v';L eP/ lnO{ . egL ca hfG5' x} .
p;sf] clGtd jfSon] dnfO{ PsfPs czfGt agfof] . ;f]r
F]
ca k]ml/ of] s]6L;Fu e]6 x'Gg xf]nf . vNnf] / Gof;|f] nfUof] . cgfo;
eg]
F kVgf];\ x} d klg tn naL;Dd hfG5' tkfO{n
+ fO{ 5f]8g\ .
pm v';L eO{ . xfdL;Fu;Fu} t/ r'krfk uof}F e'OtF Nnfdf ePsf]
naL;Dd . nfUb}lyof], t]x/fgsf] afFsL a;fO Psbd z"Go / PSnf]
x'ge
] f] d]/f] .

ofqf:kz{

101

o'j/fh gofF3/]
hGd M @)@^, Onfd .
;+jb] gfsf :j/x -;+oQ
' m lgaGw;\ux| _, d'xt" s
{ f] jl/kl/
-lgaGw;\ux| _, dv'08fsf] dg -lgaGw;\ux| _, sf7df8f+n
} fO{ sf]/f{
-lgaGw;\ux| _, gLn8fd -lgaGw;\ux| _, cgfd kxf8df kmgkmgL
-lgofqf;\ux| _, Ps xftsf] tfnL -lgaGw;\ux| _, 3fdsf] r'Dag
-lgofqf;\ux| _ k|sflzt .
dbg k'/:sf/ @)^%, z/ nfld5fg] o'jf lgaGw k'/:sf/
@)^%, cGt/f{li6o g]kfnL ;flxTo ;dfh pTs[i6 k':ts k'/:sf/
-cd]l/sf_ @)^#, df]tL k'/:sf/ @)^!, e"kfndfgl;+x sfsL{ o'jf
k'/:sf/ @)^!, pQd zflGt k'/:sf/ @)%*, /fli6o k|ltef
k'/:sf/ @)%^ af6 k'/:s[t . lgaGw / lgofqfdf ljz]if cle?lr .
xfnM sf7df8f+} .
Email: yrnayaghare@gmail.com

102

ofqf:kz{

tkfO{s
+ f] b]zdf
s'lb/x]sf] /]ndf tLg hgf g]kfnL 5f}F .
/]nel/ dfG5] 5g\ y/Ly/Lsf . Pl;ofnL, clk|msL, o'/f]kn
] L cflb
cg]s x'lnof af]ss
] f cg'xf/sf] x"n 5 /]ndf .
xf]d/fh cfrfo{, 8f=e/fO{ / d cfdg];fdg] 5f}F . xfd|f cfFvf
h'wfO sd eP klg s'/f ;f6f;f6 eO/x]5g\ lg/Gt/ . ev{/} wf]P/
NofPh:tf] l6lnSs ;kmf 5, /]8 nfOgsf] /]n .
ef/tLox y'k|} 5g\ . Tof]eGbf a9L 5g\ lx:kflgsx . xf]rf,
sfnf skfnsf, 7\ofDd} g]kfnL cg'xf/sf . cem a9L 5g\ clk|msg
sfnfx . lgs} xf]xNnf 5 tL a;]sf] l;6df . hxfF sfnf ToxfF xf]xNnf
;'gs
] f] s'/f ldNb}5 .
xfdL 8'kg ;s{naf6 r9]Yof}F . k'Ug' lyof] l;Ne/l:k| . z'qmaf/sf]
lbglgs} eL8ef8 5 . km]l/ /ftsf] a]nf .
cd]l/sfdf z'qmaf/sf] sfd ;s]/ b'Ol{ bg] 5'L dgfpg lgl:sxfNg]
hLjgz}nL /x]5 . zlgaf/ / cfOtaf/ hd]/ d:tL ug]{ clg ;f]daf/b]lv
km]l/ 3F8' f w:g] k|rng ;a}sf lglDt ;+:sf/ ePsf] kfPF d}n] .
jfl;6g l8;Laf6 d]/LNofG8 uO/x]Yof}F xfdL . cZj]txsf]
eL8ef8 a9\tf 5 d]/LNofG8df . o;sf] k|df0f /]neGbf cZj]txsf]
xf]xNnfaf6 kfOGYof] dHh}n] .
ofqf:kz{

103

d t cfpg] ;ftf g]kfn hfFb5

} ,' 8fS6/ ;fa slxn] kms{g] <
kmf/fu6 gy{sf] eL8df /]n /f]lsFbf d}n] ;f]wF] .
tkfO{s
+ f] b]zdf cfpg t kg]{ xf] kxf8df clnslt v]taf/L 5 .
vf]O, Totf klg dfcf]jfbLn] emG8f uf8]sf 5g\ /] x]/f},F of] ckf6{dG] 6sf]
df]uh
{] ltl/;s]kl5 d'lQm kfOGYof] ls <
e/fO{sf] cg'xf/df pHofnf] lyPg . af]nLdf s'g} vfnsf] pd\u
lyPg .
/]n s'b]h:t} nflu/x]sf] 5}g dnfO{ . gxNnL afbndf ;'n'n'
uO/x]sf] cfgGbLdf /dfPsf] 5' . Psb'O{ ldg]6sf] km/sdf /f]lsg]
;"rgf k|;f/0f x'G5 / /f]lsG5 . clg l6\ln\ u/L 3G6L aHb} 9f]sf
nfu]sf] hfgsf/L x/]s :6];gdf ;'lg/x]sf] 5' d .
;kmf, l;lgQ / ;'lsnf 5g\ /]nsf l8Aaf / l;6 . s'g} kmf]xf]/sf]
;fgf] c+z ko{Gt b]lvGg . Psbd} cf/fdbfoL nflu/x]5 of] d]6f ] .
leQfdf c8]l;Psf xf]d/fhsf cfFvf nf]nfPsf 5g\ . d]/f] /
e/fO{sf] s'/f ltgL slt ;'lg/x]sf 5g\ < 3/L3/L Vofn cfpF5 .
ltgsf k/]nL 9lKsPsf dfq x'g,\ sfg v'Nn} 5g\ eG7fG5' d . rfn
df/]/ x]b{} klg 5' .
tkfO{s
+ f] n]vg t ;]nfof] lg <
d]6f ] ;]G6/ k'uk] l5 d}n] v;v; kf]vF] .
tkfO{s
+ f] b]zdf n]v/] kf] s;n] s] n5f/kf6f] nufPsf 5g\ /
d}n] Toltsf lstfa n]vF] g ljZjljBfnon] ;Demgf uof], g Ps]8d
] Ld}
k|f1 x'g kfOof] . /ftf]lbgsf] slrnn] eg]h:tf] n]Vg} ;lsPg Tof]
a]nf . clxn] jif{df Pp6f sljtf l8;L 3'Dbf n]V5', k|;Gg x'G5 dg
8fS6/ ;fan] g]tfh:tf] cfqmf]z kf]v] .
jfl;6g l8;LnfO{ d'Vo km]/f] df/]/ lu|g, An', /]8, oNnf], c/]Gh
u/L kfFr/] /]n s'b5g\ . tL ;a} nfOgdf leGgleGg e"ld / kl/j]zsf
ofq' x'G5g\ .
d cfkmFn
} ] oL kfFr} nfOgsf d]6f x] r9]F . cem a9L r9],F c/]Gh
nfOgsf] d]6f ] . elh{lgof / jfl;6gsf] km]/f] dfbf{ .
104

ofqf:kz{

slQsf] /dfO/xg'ef 5 t 8fS6/ ;fa <

d ;f]W5', jiff}b+{ l] v cd]l/sL gful/s x'ge
' Psf e/fO{nfO{ .
tkfO{+sf] b]zdf dflg; b'vL dfq 5g\ . af]Ng]xsf] hdft
a9]sf]a9]s} 5, sfd r}+ z"Go 5 . s] ug'{ tL ;a} ukmf8LnfO{ oxfFsf]
/fhgLlt Ps k6s l;sfpg kfP
8fS6/leq cfuf] 5, af]nLn] To;sf] ;fIo hgfO/x]sf] 5 .
d s'lb/x]sf] d]6f s
] f] rf/}lt/ x]l//x]sf] 5' . s;}n] s;}nfO{ g5f]O{
a;]sf 5g\ . pleg]x klg cfkmFd
} f lgdUg . w]/h
} ;f] t k':tsd}
3f]lTn/x]sf 5g\ . df]6f g df]6f lstfan] d'v 5f]k/] lgbfpg]x 5g\
emg\ a9L .
d]/f] 5]jd
} f Pp6f cUnf] cZj]t / /l;ofnL cg'xf/sL lszf]/L
dRrLdRrL ukm ul//x]sf 5g\ . ul0ftsf ;"qh:tf nfUg] lsl/ldl/
cIf/df hf]ltP/ af]N5g\, yfS5g\ / cf]7 r':5g\ . a]nfa]nfdf xfd|f
s'/fdf lg Wofg lbG5] lszf]/L .
emG8fsf ;;fgf l:6s/ 5g\ 7fpF7fpFdf . cd]l/sL emG8fsf
snfTds l:6s/x . clg To;s} tNnf] xf/df ;a}n] b]lvg] u/L
n]lvPsf] 5 gf] :df]ls, gf] Ol6 c/ l8ls, gf] PlgdN;, gf]
cl8of], gf] ln6/ c/ l:kl6, gf] 8]Gh;{ c/ n]dan cfO6D; .
xfjfdf alQPh:tf] /]nsf] cfjfh 5, kfgL pDnFbfsf] :jfF
h:tf]
8fS6/ ;fa, /f]u nfu]kl5 t pkrf/ ug{ ufx|f] kf] /x]5 cd]l/sfdf <
cl3Nnf] dlxgf ?3fvf]sL / Hj/f]n] ;tfpFbf ynf k/]sf] Pp6f
;fyLn] lh/fkfgL vfFb} g]kfns} 8fS6/;Fu ;Dks{ u/L cf]vtL vfPsf]
;DemFb} ;f]wF] d}n] . d]s km];g{ :SjfP/df Pp6L a"9L lgs} afSnf n'uf
nufP/ d]6f ] pSnL . pm nfUyL /f]uLh:tL .
tkfO{s
+ f] b]zdf k};f eO{eO{ dg]x{ slt 5g\ slt g]kfndf
dfG5]sf] z/L/ k/LIf0f ug]{ efF8f] dfq x'G5 . nfk/afxLsf] r/d gd'gf
x]gk'{ /] c:ktfn uP x'G5 . c:ktfndf uPsf la/fdL afFr/] kmls{g]
rfG; ax't} sd x'G5 . ;f; /fVg x}g, y'ltdfUg c:ktfn hfG5g\
dfG5]x
ofqf:kz{

105

e/fO{ pu|} l/;fPsf /x]5g\ . ;ft ;d'bk| fl/ cfpFbf klg dTy/
ePg5 l/; .
rfOgf6fpg k'u]kl5 /]ndf clns a9L hfkfgL, lkmlnlkgL,
sf]l/ofnL / lrlgofFd
F n
" sf dfG5]sf] ;\Vof ylkof] . Pp6L kftnf]
hfdf nufPsL o'jtLn] unfdf a4}a'4 clt dfnf nufPsL b]lvof] .
To;}To;} /dfof] dg
p;sf xftdf Pp6f snfTds sf7] dfnf lyof] . To;nfO{ pm
3/L3/L cf]7df k'ofpFb,} 5ftLlt/ x'ofpFyL . Tof]lt/ /l;ofnL o'jtL;Fu
zf:qfy{ ul//x]sf] sfn] aflP/ x]Yof]{ .
l8;Lsf] d]6f ] ;]jf olt Jojl:yt 5of] hxfFhxfF /f]lsG5, o;sf
bfofFafofF k|Voft ljZjljBfnox 5g\ . cem ko{6snfO{ ;'lawf xf];\
egL dgf]/~hg, oftfoftsf ;Dk"0f{ cj:yf Jojl:yt /flvPsf /x]5g\ .
tkfO{+ ;'vL slt k|ltzt x'gx' G' 5 <
d]/f] k|Zg oyfjt\ 5 .
tkfO{s
+ f] b]zdf dfG5] ;'vL 5}gg\, v';L 5g\ . oxfF d lg ;'vL w]/,}
v';L sd 5' . ;'vL / v';L b'O{ cnu s'/f x'g\ . cd]l/sfn] ;a}nfO{ ;'v
lbG5, v';L kfg{ g;s] lg
e/fO{n] ;To af]n] ls eGg] nfUb}5 dnfO{ .
d]6f ] 3/L ;'?leq k:5 . 3/L v'Nnf d}bfgdf a]tf]8n] a]luG5 .
/]nsf] ult lg/Gt/ kl/jlt{t vfnsf] 5 . l5gd} j]ujfg / l5gd} :jf
36\5 tLj| ult . a9]sf] / 36]sf] cfef; kfOG5 dl;gf] cfjfhdf .
Go'of]s{ Pe]Go' k'uk] l5 7"nf] x"n k:of] xfdL a;]sf] sIfdf . lgs}
ax; ul//x]sf] lyof] ;d"x . cfrfo{n] atfP logLx km'6anaf/]
s'/f ub}5
{ g\
x'g klg cd]l/sfdf v]ns'b x'g yfn]kl5 ;f/f ;x/ g} aGb
hlQs} x'bF f /x]5g\ . :6f]/, lns;{ / ;aj]x PsfPs :nf] x'bF f /x]5g\ .
v]ns'bk|lt cd]l/sLxsf] rfxgf ljz]if kfPF d}n] .
a|]G6p8 k'u]kl5 d]6f]df ofq'sf] rfk emg\ a9\of] . emsfPsf
cfrfo{ xfd|f aftlrtdf ;xL yfKg / d'G6f] xNnfpg yfn] .
106

ofqf:kz{

wg t lgs} sdfpg' ef] xf]nf <

d}n] lgs} ;fx;sf ;fy of] lh1f;f /fv]F e/fO{nfO{ . lsgeg]
cd]l/sfdf sdfpg]eGbf u'dfpg] 7fpF w]/} b]vs
] f] lyPF d}n] . pgsf]
Odfg hfFRg klg of] v;v; /fvF] .
tkfO{s
+ f] b]zdf sdfpg] 7fpF g} sxfF 5 / ToxfF jif{df sdfpg]
k};f oxfF dlxgfdf sdfOG5 . t/ art t TolQs} xf] lg sf8{d}
kfOG5 8n/ clg sf8{ 3f]6t\ f3f]6t\ } uO;Stf] /x]5 . kQ} gx'g] 8fS6/n]
eg]sf s'/fdf agfj6L ts{ lyPg . xf/ g lhtsf] glthfdf xfF:g]
cg'xf/sf] nfddf e/fO{ klg plePsf] b]vF] d}n] .
jf:tjdf oL /]nx ;'?};'?sf lnsdf s'b\g] sL/fh:tf]
7flg/x]sf] 5' d . ;a} d]6f n
] ] Pscsf{nfO{ e]6g\ ] j}1flgs :6];g
' } . cToGt Jojl:yt / ;'/lIft;d]t .
/x]5g\ hxfF;s
ljz]iftM d]6f ] ;]G6/, rfOgf6fpg / kmf]6{ 6f]lgdf /]8, c/]Gh, An',
lu|g, oNnf] nfOgsf /]n tndflysf af6f eP/ hfFbf /x]5g\ . slt
ulx/f] ;f]r, lrGtg / ljZn]if0f;fy ag]sf xf]nfg\oL /]nj] ;]jfx .
;Gtf]if slQsf] dflg/xg' ef 5 t 8fS6/ ;fa <
b]zsf] ljfg\nfO{ d}n] ;f]ws
] f] lyPF, cd]l/sfdf u'dgfd b]v/] .
+ f] b]zdf OHht 5, ef]s dfg]{ cGg 5}g . gfdn] e'8F L
tkfO{s
el/g] s'/f] xf]Og /x]5 . ;DemG5', eft klxnf] clg k|lti7f t kl5sf]
s'/f] /x]5 . ;Gtf]ifnfO{ klg oxL cfFvfn] x]gk{' nf{ . h]xf];\ 7Ls 5' .
8fS6/sf] af]nLdf ux|uF' f] rfnf 5Fb5
} . ltgdf hlt;'s} kL8fnfO{
gb]vfpg] k|ri] 6f eP klg la:tf/} cfO/x]Yof] s'/fsfgLdf . o;df d]/f]
lht xf]Og, pgs} uj{ 9nkn eO/x]s} lyof] .
jfl;6g l8;Ljl/kl/ d]6f s
] f] hfnf] 5 . xhf/f}F dfG5]x clxn]
kfls{sf] ;d:ofn] u|l;t x'g yfn]sf] e]6y] ]F d}n] . o;}n] ckf6{dG] 6b]lv
d]6f ;
] Dd cfg} sf/df cfof] clg kfls{ uof] . To;kl5 d]6f ] r9L
} f d'vaf6
uof] hflu/ vfg . of] hLjgz}nL x'sg{ yfn]sf] s'/f d}n] w]/s
;'g]y]F .

ofqf:kz{

107

tkfO{ + s f] nufgLcg' ; f/sf] k| l tkmn 5 t <

af}l4s JolQmTjn] xf8 3f]6g\ d
] f pgL;d]t kl/lrt lyP . clg kf] ;f]wy] F]
d}n] .
tkfO{s
+ f] b]zdf g} o:tf] jftfj/0f lxhf] lyof] g 5 cfh dnfO{
8n/ cfO/x]s} 5 . sfdnfO{ dfg]kl5 a'l4 / an eGg]lt/ lsg hfg] <
pxfFF lg sfkLsf la6f af]Sg] g} ub{yF] . aL;pGgfO;sf] dfq km/s xf]
cd]l/sL >d / g]kfndf af}l4s nufgLdf 8fS6/ ;fasf] dtf]
gldn]sf] 7fg]F d}n] . xl/of] 8n/n] lyryfr kf/]5 pgnfO{ .
/]n s'lb/x]sf] 5 .
sfd jfl;6gdf eP klg cfrfo{ / e/fO{ d]/LNofG8sf] k'R5/df
a;f]af; u5{g\ . c w]/s
} f] a;fO / sfd u/fO olt j/k/ ePsf] 1fg
lyof] dnfO{ .
cftsf] kL8fn] emg\ a9L u|l;t 5g\ cd]l/sLx . l8;LnfO{
kf]6f]Dofs gbLn] 5f]Psf] 5 . gbLkfl/ a:bf w]/} ;d:of xFb' f] /x]5 .
ljz]iftM 6g]nsf] v/faLn] d]6f ] /f]lsP hflu/, hLjg / ofqfdf 7"nf]
vnn kg{ hfFbf] /x]5 .
cftsf/Ln] cd]l/sfsf 6g]n tfS5g\ . kf]6f]Dofssf] 6g]ndf
Anf:6 ul/lbP ;a rf}k6
cfrfo{sf] egfOn] olt j/ a:g'sf] /x:o hfg]F d}n] .
;]sG] 8sf] tndfly gu/L bu'/s
] f] d]6f ] km]b{} ;of}F lsnf]ld6/ 6f9f
k'u/] sfd ug{x] sf] eL8ef8 slt xf] slt d]6f ] r9\g] / cf]ng{ ]
:6];gdf lsgf/lt/ gpleP x"nn] lsr]/ s'bg\ ;Sg]5 . dfG5]sf] vf]nf]
b]Vg ;lsg]5 ToxfF . /ftf] d]6f a] f6 cf]ln{P/ gLnf] nfOgsf] cyjf
xl/of]af6 cf]ln{P/ ;'Gtn] d]6f ] r9]/ sfddf s'lb/x]sf y'k}| d]/f lrgf?
;fyLx lyP .
;wFs
} f] of] efubf}8n] s] lbG5 <
d]6f ] 6fsf]df :6];g k'Ubf ;f]ws
] f] lyPF d}n] . ca l5} cfpg]
:6];gkl5 pgsf] / xfd|f] af6f] km/s x'bF } lyof] . clg kf] 8fS6/
e/fO{af6 hfGg xtfl/Psf] lyPF d .
108

ofqf:kz{

tkfO{s
+ f] b]zdf ;dosf] d"No glrGg]xsf] aufn 5 . lbPsf]
;dodf gk'Ug], af]nfP/ 3G6f}F s'/fpg], sfddf l9nf] uP x'g] cflb
ofjt ;dokL8fn] ToxfF h/f] uf9]sf] 5 . vf]O, s;}n] of] /f]uL rl/qsf
h/f sf6\g ;s]gg\ . oxfF To:tf] 5}g . km'lt{, hf]; / ;do lrGg]
dfG5]nfO{ cd]l/sfn] cFufn} xfN5 . d}n] w]/} jif{ ;dokL8fsf h/fdf
h]lnP/ hLjg vQd kf/]5' . oltv]/ s]xL yfxf kfpg vf]Hbfvf]Hb}
l9nf] eO;s]5
a"9f] x8\8L cd]l] /sfdf 3f]6/] tf?0o pd]/df g]kfndf cN5\ofOF
vr]s
{ f] uj{af]w Ps k6s km]l/ ;'gF] d}n] . e/fO{h:tf c y'k}| ;Tkfq
cd]l/sL e"ldsf] ufyfdf efl:F;b}efl:F;b} uO/x]y] . To} lyof] of] k|ltlqmof .
] f] afofFklsf]
/]nsf] clGtd la;f}g+ L ca w]/} 6f9f lyPg . d]6f s
:jrflnt ;"rgfkf6Ldf uPsf] :6];g / ca cfpg] :yfgsf] ;]t
k6sk6s cfO/x]Yof] . d]/f cfFvf Totf klg hfGy] 3/L3/L .
OHht kfPsf] cyjf u'dfPsf] s] nfU5 < cfF6 a6'n/] ;f]wF] d}n]
tL u'?j/;Fu . hf] nfd} ;do cg'zf;g, cfTdfledfg, b]z / hLjgaf/]
d"NodfGotfsf] JofVofgdf h'6s
] f] lyof] s'g} a]nf .
tkfO{s
+ f] b]zdf OHht eP/ kf] sltGh]n hf]ufO/fVg' < ;w}F
cefj, aGb, /fhgLlt / e|i6tfsf] aLrdf cfkm"nfO{ gLltjfg agfP/
s;n] /fVg ;S5, xF <
cfuf] cf]sn] >Ldfg\n] . d k|ltjfb ul//x]sf] 5}g, s]jn >f]tf
eP/ plePsf] 5' . kftfn k;]sf] a'l4hLjLsf] cGtd{g k9\g' 5 d}n] .
g]kfn gcfpg] < l;Ne/l:k|df /]n /f]lsPkl5 d}n] ;f]wF] 8fS6/nfO{ .
tkfO{s
+ f] b]zdf ko{6s ag]/ 3'Dg cfpFnf . ca t d cd]l/sL
gful/s
s'g} ;do lqrGb| SofDk;df sfnf] Aofu / gf]6a's af]s/] k9fpg
hfg] xl//fh u'?n] pb\3f]if u/] .
d]6f ] uO;s]Yof] To; a]nf pgnfO{ af]s/]

ofqf:kz{

109

ljZjf;bLk ltu]nf
hGd M xflQvs{ @, wgs'6f .
;f}uft leQ] klqsf -k|wfg ;Dkfbs @)%)%!_, k|jf;L j]bgfsf
cfjfhx, a]nfota|g' fO{ -k|wfg ;Dkfbs @)%)@)^#_, kbdl;+
;'Aaf JolQmTj / s[ltTj -;d"xut @)^@_, hgljZjf; ;fKtflxs
wgs'6f, -cltly ;Dkfbs @)^$^%_
nepaliLiterature.com k|wfg ;Dkfbs, nepaliSamachar.com k|wfg

;Dkfbs .
b]z af]Sg'sf] kL8f -lgofqf;\ux| _, af]lg{of] kl/ro -e"uf]n kl/ro_,
u[xo'4sf kL8f -lgofqf;\ux| , cleofg -/fhg}lts zAbfjnL;\ux| _,
k/b]zLsf sf];n
] L sljtfx -sljtf;\ux| _ k|sflzt .
cg];f; gf/fo0f tyf hoGtf k|;fO+{ j]e kqsfl/tf k'/:sf/, ;g\
@))), g]kfn :jtGq ljBfyL{ df]rf{ s]= ;= @)^! f/f ;Ddflgt .
xfnM cf/=hL=cf/= Ph's;
] g ;]G6/, a|g' fO{ -a]nfotL uf]vf{
;]gfcGtu{t_ .

110

ofqf:kz{

a]nfotsf ;flxlTos
tLy{:ynx 3'Dbf
Od]nsf] k|To'Q/df d}n] n]vF] a]nfotL le;fsf] ;do cjlw le;f
nfu]sf] lbgaf6} ;'? x'G5 . k|foM cGo d'ns
' xdf rflxF b]zsf] ;Ldfleq
l5/]kl5 dfq ;'? x'G5 . To;}n] tf}/tl/sf cln km/s 5 . ;flxTosf
Ps ljlzi6 Joltm a]nfot 3'Dg] of]hgf agfO{/xg'ePsf] 5 eGg]
s'/fsf] hfgsf/L kfpFbf dnfO{ cf}wL v';L nfUof] . :jod\ d klg
;flxTo k9\g dg k/fpg] JolQm ePsf]n] pxfFnfO{ ;dotflnsf lbP/
a]nfotdf 3'Dg cfpg] lgDtf] u/F] . ;fFem ^=#) ah] d / ;fyL uf]kL
nG8gsf] lxy|f] Po/kf]6d
{ f :jfut ug{ k'UofF} . g]kfnL ;flxTosf e08f/
8f= uf] l jGb/fh xfd| f ] :jfutsf] k" m nu' R 5fnfO{ 5ftLdf 6fF : b}
d':s'/fpg'eof] . a]nfotjf;L ;|i6f ;h{s tyf g]kfnL bfh'efO,
lbbLalxgLxn] ljleGg sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf ub}{ pxfFnfO{ :jfut
ug'e
{ of]] . pxfFsf] a]nfotofqfsf] qmddf c\uh
]| L ;flxTosf hudWo]sf
Ps ;]S;lko/sf] hGd7fpF hfg] klg s'/f rNof] .
6f9f6f9faf6 cfP/ kz'kltsf] bz{g u/]/ cfkm"nfO{ k'0o k|fKt
ePsf] dx;'; ug'{ cfcfgf] cg'el" tdf lge{/ /xg] s'/f xf] . ;a}sf]
Pp6} cg'el" t xFb' g} . dnfO{ leqL dgaf6} v';Ln] prfln/x]sf] lyof] .
d :jod\ gofF 7fpFx 3'Dg kfpFbf cf}wL dg k/fpg] dfG5] . ;flxlTos
7fpF :6f6{kmf]8,{ ckgPeg hxfF ;]S;lko/ hlGdPsf lyP . ToxfF
3'Dgsf] nflu ;flxTosf ljz]if JolQmTj kfx'gf;Fu hfg] tof/L k"/f
eO;s]sf] lyof] . ef]ln laxfg} af6f] nfUg'kg]{ ePsf]n] OG6/g]6df
af6f]sf] of]hgf -?6 Knfg_ agfpg ;'? u5'{ . xfdL dfG5]xsf] cf
ofqf:kz{

111

cfgf] ;f]rfO / :jefj x'G5, s]xL jif{cl3 eujfg\ a'4 hGd]sf] 7fpF
n'lDagLsf] hGd:ynd} Ps /ft latfpg] cgf}7f] ;f]r cfof] / 3/b]z
k'Ug]lalQs} of]hgfcg';f/ To;tkm{ nfuF] / Ps /ft n'lDagLdf latfpFbf
d cfgGbn] ubub\ ePsf] lyPF . ;]S;lko/sf] hGdynf] 3'Dg] of]hgfn]
dnfO{ To;/L g} v';Lsf] bafax cfO/x]sf lyP . ck|Toflzt OG6/g]6n]
;]S;lko/sf] hGd:yn ;f]re
] Gbf w]/} 6f9f /x]sf] s'/f gS;fdf b]vfof],
d 7"nf] ;6df k/F] . kfx'gfnfO{ d cfkm}F 3'dfpg n}hfG5' eGg] dg;fon]
y'k}| ;|i6f ;fyLx eP klg s;}nfO{ lhDd]jf/L lbPsf] lyOgF . Tolt
6f9f sf/df hfg c;Dej ePsf]n] d s]u?F s]u?F ePF . To; ;fFem
kfx'gf d]/f] af;:yfg kmS:6f]geGbf 6f9f kmfGa|fl] :yt cs}{ ;fyLsf]
3/df x'gx' G' Yof] . d}n] ;f]rs
] f] ckgPeg :6f]gx]h glhssf] geP/
jld{3
\ d glhssf] /x]5 . kfx'gf d ;Fu} ef]ln Tof] 7fpF hfg 9'Ss;fy
tof/Ldf x'gx' G' Yof], t/ Tof] w]/} 6f9f ePsf] sf/0f kmS:6f]gaf6 kfx'gf
/x]sf] kmfGa|f] k'u/] z]S;lko/sf] hGd:yn k'Ug ;Dej lyPg . Hofb}
;fjwfgLsf ;fy efO 6nfO{ kmf]g u/]F . pm;Fu} pgs} 3/df xfd|f
;flxlTos kfx'gf x'gx' G' Yof], pxfFnfO{ ;|i6fxsf] 3/df d]hdfg vfg
EofOgEofO lyof] . d}n] ofjt s'/fx atfPF . cGttM 6 cfkmFn
} ]
/]naf6 kfx'gfnfO{ 3'dfpg] lgwf] eof] . Pp6f 7"nf] ljkb\sf] ;dfwfg
eof] t/ dxjk"0f{ Aoltm;Fu dxjk"0f{ 7fpFsf] ofqf ug]{ of]hgf k"/f
gx'g] ePsf]n] 6fpsf] dfly 9'f /flvPem}F ux|f] eO/Xof] . eljiodf
s;}u/L Tof] ;flxTosf] kljq:yn 3'Dg hfg]5' egL afrf ub}{ dg zfGt
kfg]{ sf]l;; u/F] t/ dgleqsf] csf]{ dfG5]n] elg/Xof] ltdL PSn}
hfg'sf] dxj, ;flxTosf ljlzi6 JolQm;Fu hfFbfv]/Lsf] h:tf] x'g]
5}g . Tof] c;Gt'li6sf] ef/Ln] dnfO{ tflg/Xof] .
kfx'gf z]S;lko/sf] hGd:yn 3'd/] d]/f] af;:yfgdf kms{ge
' of]
/ eGg'eof] efO Tof] 7fpF ;flxTosf] dxjk"0f{ tLy{:yn xf] . ;Fu}
hfg ;lsPg, eljiodf Psk6s hfg" x} . pxfFsf] Tof] egfOn] d]/f] dg
emg\ sFl' 9of] . tkfO{s
+ f] cflzif nfuf];\ d Ps lbg cjZo hfg]5' egL
d]/f] k|lta4tf hfx]/L u/F] . a]nfotofqfsf] z'ef/Dedf pxfFnfO{ Ps
lbg SofG6j/L 3'dfpg klg cfkm}n
F ] n}hfg] afrf u/]sf] lyPF / efO
lxk]Gb|, d / kfx'gf SofG6j/L Sofly|8f n
] leq l5of}F . kfx'gfsf] lz/df
ePsf] g]kfnL 6f]kL vf]Ng a"9L af]hn
' ] cfu|x ug'e
{ of] . ljzfn Sofly8fn
] sf]
112

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csf]{ efudf k'gM Ps j[4n] 6f]kL vf]Ng cfu|x uof] . ;DejtM Tof] rr{
leqsf] lgod x'g ;S5 .
c\uh
]| L ;flxTosf] ;'?jft e"ld cyf{t\ z'e;fOtsf dxfk'?if
h]km| L rf};/sf] ;flxlTos sd{el" d SofG6j/L ;x/;Fu 7]nf7]n ub}{ cfh
klg cl:yTjdf /x]sf] SofG6j/L Sofly8fn
] sf] Oltxf; hlt a'em\of]
Tolt g} a9L dxjsf] nfUg' :jefljs} xf] . O:jL %(^ df /f]daf6
cfPsf ;Gt cul:6gn] lgdf{0f cf/De u/]sf] ljzfn rr{ cyf{t\
Sofly8fn
] To; a]nf o'/f]ks} ;a}eGbf 7"nf] dflglGYof] . clxn] klg
a]nfotsf] ;a}eGbf k'/fgf] / ljzfn Sofly8fn
] o;}nfO{ dflgG5 . ;g\
!(#% sf] SofG6j/L dxf]T;jsf] nflu n]lvPsf] gf6s d8{/ Og b
Sofly8fn
] ljZjd} cd/s[lt aGg k'Uof] . pQm gf6sn] Sofly8fn
]
lgdf{0fsf] xhf/ jif{kl5 /fhf x]g/L ltLon] $ hgf dfG5] nufO{
tTsfnLg dxfg\ ;Gt j]s6] sf] xTof ul/Psf] s'/f pNn]v ub{5 .
dxfg\ ;Gtsf] xTof / xTofkl5sf] 36gfkl/36gfn] emg} o;
Sofly8fn
] sf] dxj a9]sf] kfOG5 . oxfFsf cgluGtL cfsif{0fxdWo]
g]kfnsf] efg'eQmn] /fdfo0f n]ve
] mF} c\uh
]| L ;flxTosf] ;'?jftdf b
SofG6j/L 6]N; sf dxfg\ n]vs h]km| Lsf] af/]df hfgsf/L lbg] 3/ klg
/x]sf] 5 . l;f] c\uh
]| L ;flxTo / ;x/ ;Eotfsf] ;DaGw SofG6j/L
Sofly8fn
] ;Fu clt dxjk"0f{ 5 . c\uh
]| L ;flxTosf] ;'?jft cj:yfsf
emG8} b'O{ bh{g ;flxTosf/x o;} ;x/sf /x]sf lyP . h;cg';f/
h]km| L rf};/ -!##%!$))_, lqmi6km/ df]nf{] -!%^$!%(#_, cfOh]s
jfn6g -!%(#!^*#_, ljlnod ;f]dgf/ -!^)^!^^(_, 8flgon
8]kmf] -!^^!!&#!_, hgfyg :km]6 -!^^&!&$%_, yf]d; u|] -!&!^
!&&!_, h]gL cf:6g -!&&%!*!&_, l/rf8{ x\ofl/; jf/fd -!&**
!*$%_, hf]g s]6;
\ -!&(%!*@!_, rfln{; 8]lsG; -!*!@!*&)_,
hf];k] m sgl/8 -!*%&!*@$_, d]/L cfp6]n -!*&$!($*_, ;d/;]6
d'ud -!*&$!(^%_, cfO{= P;= Onf]6 -!***!(^%_ / cfog
lkmlNd -!()*!(^%_ /x]sf 5g\ . ;du|df SofG6j/LnfO{ c\uh
]| L
;flxTosf] /fhwfgL eGg ;lsG5 / ;flxTodf r]tgf x'g] ;|i6f, ;h{ssf]
nflu eg] 7"nf] ;flxlTos tLy{:yn xf] .

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113

kfx'gf k|fk] m];/ uf]ljGb/fhnfO{ pxfFsf] a]nfot ofqfsf] !( lbg]

e|d0fkl5 ut ;]K6]Da/ ( tfl/vsf lbg lxy|fa] f6 labfOsf] xft xNNffofF}
/ efUojz pxfFsf] cfzLjf{bn] egf}F To;sf] 7Ls gf} lbgkl5 d cfgf]
clkm; :6fkm lnP/ Ph's;
] gn lelh6 :6f6{kmf]8{ ckgPe]g k'uF] .
ljZjk|l;4 ;flxTosf/ z]S;lko/sf] hGd3/df kfOnf 6]Sbf a'4sf]
hGd:yn n'lDagL k'Ubfsf] emF} cfgGb nfUof] . dgsfdgfdlGb/df k'u/]
km"n r9fPemF} d}n] d]/f] dgsf sf]lknfx r9fPF . ;g\ @# clk|n !%^$
df ljlnod z]S;lko/ hlGdPs} sf]7fsf] ;fgf] / k'/fgf] sf]qmf]df
;'lt/x]sf] gfgL z]S;lko/nfO{ b]Vbf ;fx|} v';L nfUof] . ljZjk|l;4
z]S;lko/n] k/Dk/fut u|fd/ :s'ndf cWoog u/]/ s]xL ;do lzIfs
sfd ubf{ub}{ p; a]nf rn]sf] gf6s3/df cs:dft sfd kfP / pgn]
:6]hsf] kbf{ tfGg], 3f]8f ?\g] sfd ubf{ub}{ pgsf] clego snfn]
:yfg kfpFb} uof] . To;kl5 pgsf] k|l;l4 a9\b} uPsf] syfn] dnfO{
lgSs} ddf{xt agfof] . ;g\ !^!) df pgn] hflu/af6 labf lnPkl5
pgsf] lbgrof{ n]vs ljg hf]g;g lqmi6km/ dfnf{;
] uF /S;L lkpg]
xf]8afhLdf laTYof]] . ta z]S;lko/sf] hLjg lgs} b'Mvk"0f{ aGb}} uPsf]
/ Ps dfq 5f]/f] klg !! jif{sf] cNkfo'd} o; ;+;f/af6 labf ePkl5
pgsf] s'g} klg ;Gtfg afFsL gePsf] syfn] dnfO{ lgSs} lk/f]Nof] .
a]:;/L /S;L lkP/ vsf] km]bdf slxn]sxLF pgn] /ft sf6\y] /]
To;nfO{ SofgkL ckm z]S;lko/ elglGYof] /] . Tof] v ePsf] 7fpF
kQf nufpg] sf]l;; u/]F . ;of}F jif{cl3sf] s'/f lyof], Tof] ;Dej x'g]
s'/} ePg . pgsf] hGd3/df /flvPsf] hfgsf/Lcg';f/ bh{gfF} ;'Gb/
s[ltx xfdLnfO{ 5f8]/ cGttM hGd]s} lbg @# clk|n !^!^ df pgsf]
b]xfGt ePsf] lyof] .
;fFemkv z]S;lko/sf] hGd:yndf /x]sf] sf]6o{ f8{ lyo6/ emG8}
;ft ;o dfG5]n] 6Dd el/Psf] lyof] . d dr]G{ 6 ckm b e]lg;
gf6snfO{ lkmNdxndf emF} kbf{df x]gk{' g]{ egL tDtof/Ldf lyPF, t/
ToxfF lkmNd cfpg] kbf{ geO{ k/Dk/fut d~r lyof] . ca s] xf]nf
lh1f;f hfUg yfNof] . l;of] v;]sf] cfjfh ;'Gg]u/L xn zfGtdo
aGof] / gf6s ;'? eof] d b k/]F . dr]G{ 6 ckm b e]lg;sf] syf s]xL
yfxf ePsf]n] a'g s]xL ;lhnf] eP klg ;a} a'g ufx|f] eof] . lsgls
ToxfF k'/fgf] efiff / z}nLx lyP . To; ckgPegdf s]Gofsf] gfO{efiff,
114

ofqf:kz{

lkmhLsf] lel6No', a]lnhsf] ;fGk|fwf], dn]l;ofsf] sf]6flsgfjfn', g]kfnsf]

7d]n em}F 6'l/i6x dfq e]l6Gy] . k|fs[lts ;'b/tf / P]ltxfl;s ;'Gb/tfsf]
;d ckgPeg ;x/ eljiodf km]l/ 3'Dg cfpg] /x/ ;fFRb} /ftsf]
ca]/ z]S;lko/sf] hGd3/ xFb' } cln klt{/ k'UofF} .
utjif{ Ph's];g lelh6df a]nfotsf] /fhwfgL nG8gsf]
kfln{ofd]G6leq uO{ 6f]gL An]o/em}F agL gSsn ug]{ df}sf kfPsf lyofF}
t/ o; k6s cln leGg eof] . ckgPegsf] Ps k'/fgf] /]:6'/G] 6af6
sf]7f hfgsf] nflu aflx/ lgl:sPnuQ} of] lrsfuf] lyo6/ klg /fd|f]
/x]5 eGb} d;Fu} x'ge
' Psf bfOx /fds[i0f, /fdk|;fb, s'df/, alxgL
SofK6]g Od]nLnufot k|d
] / ho a]:;/L xfF;s
] f lyP . hxfF gf6s
xf]Og Do'lhs dRrLdRrL plk|m/x]sf] lyof] . laxfg AoFl" emP/ xfdL
ckgPeg glhssf] jf/ljssf] x6g nsdf k'Uof}F . kfgLdf rNg]
Gof/f]af]6x psfnf] 8fF8f r9]sf] b]v/] d b k/]F . /]n / sf/sf] af6f]
aGg'cl3 ald{3
\ d / nG8g cfjfthfjtsf] nflu agfOPsf] Sofgn
cem} klg ;~rfngdf /x]5 . nG8gaf6 # xKtfdf ald{3
\ d k'Ug] s'/f
SnfOe O=cf/= lk|t8n] hfgsf/L u/fP . s'/f ldnfP/ af]Ng ;fx|}
l;kfn' SnfOesfcg';f/ ;fF3/' f] kfgLsf] af6f]df Gof/faf]6 rnfpg]
l;4fGtrflxF xf] gf] /i6, gf] km:6, b\of6 Oh c; .
lbg 9Nb} uof] xfd|f] 5fof nfdf]nfdf] aGg yfNof] . ;flxlTos
tLy{:ynsf] ofqf /fd|f] eof] . ;a}sf] Ps} :j/ lyof] . xfdL ;a} cf
cfgf] af6f] nfUofF} . a]nfotdf ;flxlTos b[li6sf]0fn] 3'Dg] 7fpFx
c w]/} 5g\ . oyf;Sbf] tL ;a} 7fpFx 3'Dg' 5 . tL kljqe"ldxnfO{
r'Dg' 5 . ;flxTosf] kf6f] klg Pp6f xNnf ug]{ kf6f] /x]5, dgdf w]/}
s'/fx v]ln/Xof] . Ps lbg oxL kljq:yn :6f6{kmf]8{ ckgPe]g /
SofG6j/L ;x/df g]kfnL dg / d'6' af]Sg] g]kfnL ;flxTo g]kfnL
efiffdf, dft[efiffdf / c\uh
]| L efiffdf kf7 u/]/ xfdL pT;j dgfpg]
/x/ ;fFRb} cf]/fnf] af6f] nfUof}F . P]ltxfl;s 7fpFx 5lnof], ;'Gb/
7fpFx 5lnP d d]/f] uGtJotkm{ lg/Gt/ cl3 al9/x]sf] 5' .

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115

zld{nf v8\sf -bfxfn_

hGdM @)@#, w/fg .
syf, sljtf, ;+:d/0f, ;dfnf]rgf / afn;flxTo l;h{gf . ;fgL,
;fgLsf] ;fx;, ;+jtclkm;, l;Gs]sf] ;kmntf, ldqtfsf] dxj
cflb s[ltx k|sflzt .
;femf afn;flxTo k'/:sf/, cg];f; ;jf]T{ s[i6 gf/L k'/:sf/,
u'~hg k|ltef cflbaf6 k'/:s[t .
pTvgg gf/L ;flxTo k|lti7fg, ;flxTo ;~rf/ ;d"x, jf0fL
k|sfzg cflbdf cfa4 .
Email: shakhadasahitya@gmail.com

116

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;]/f]km]/f]af6
ev{/} o'j/fh gofF3/]sf] lgofqf;\ux| cgfd kxf8df kmgkmgL
k9]sf] dgl:ylt . s;/L lgofqfsf/x kf7sxnfO{ ofqf j[QfGtsf]
axfgfdf ljrf/ / cg'el" tsf] 7]nL af]sfP/ gfs 7f]lsg] psfnf]df
/dfO/dfO pSNofpg ;kmn x'G5g\ . dnfO{ crDd nfU5 cfkm" t
kl/of] syfsf/ ljrf/ / cg'el" t kf]Vg]lalQs} kf7ssf wf/] xft t]l;{g
cfOk'luxfN5g\ sGr6df va/bf/L ub{} . clg slxn]sfxLF kfq / kf7s
b'O{ g]tL eP/ cfkm}n
F fO{ dbfgL agfP/ larf/ / cg'el" tkL bxLsf
kmfN;fxnfO{ sltv]/ dxL agfO{ ;S5g\ cfkmFn
} fO{ yfxf x'bF g} . To;n]
dnfO{ cfkm" klg lgofqfsf/ eP/ kf7snfO{ ljrf/ / cg'el" tn] bfOF
ug{ kfP x'GYof] eGg] df}sfsf] vf]hLdf lyPF . t/ cfk"m t dlxnf Tof]
klg :jf:Yol:ylt Tolt /fd|f] gePsf] . st} 6f9f hfg aGb]h, of] vfgf
x'Gg, Tof] vfg x'Gg, l9nf ug{ x'Gg ;dosf] kfaGbL, Jojxf/sf]
kfaGbL, vfglkgdf kfaGbL, kl/j]zsf] kfaGbL . cf]xf] slt xf] slt
o:tf kfaGbLsf ;'O/f] /f]kfOdf s;/L ug{' / ef]Ug kfpg' /f]df~rs
ofqfsf If0fx .
ofqf:kz{

117

d lgs} ;do ladf/L ePF . ;flxTo n]Vg yfn]/ ladf/L ePsf] xf]
ls ladf/L eP/ ;flxTo n]Vg yfn]sf] xf] eGg] ljifodf d cfkmF}
cGof]ndf 5' . ;fgL 5fKtf;Dd d]/f] :jf:Yol:ylt /fd|} lyof] . To;kl5
d]/f] :jf:Yol:ylt la|ubF| } uof] . k]6sf ladf/sf sf/0f ljleGg 8fS6/nfO{
b]vfPkl5 ck|;
] g u/]kl5 lgsf] x'G5 elgP tfklg cem;Dd lgsf] x'g
;s]sf] 5}g . ck|;
] g u/]kl5 d]/f] :jf:Yol:ylt emg\ lalu|of] . d p7\g
g;Sg], af]Ng g;Sg] l:yltdf k'uF] . ljBfnodf 5 dlxgfnfO{ labf lng'
kof] . cfkmFn
} fO{ nfUYof] lhGbuLsf] of] clGtd If0f xf] . afFRg] cfzfsf
tGf ;f/} IfL0f lyP . z/L/sf] l:ylt gfh's eP klg dl:tisrflxF
lqmofzLn g} lyof] . ToxL ;do ;fgLsf] efu b'O{ n]Vg] k|lta4tf u/]F
/ n]vF] klg . dnfO{ 3/df n]Vgsf nflu aGb]h u/fOPsf] lyof], egf}F
Ps k|sf/ ;flxTo n]Vg / k9\g so'{ nufOPsf] lyof] . t/ d n'sLn'sL
n]Vg] / k9\g] ub{yF] . o;/L :jf:Yol:ylt gfh's ePsf] dfG5]nfO{ lxF8g\
/ vfgnfO{ aGb]h nufOg' :jfefljs klg lyof] .
o:t} aGb]hsf 3]/fxnfO{ gfb} lxF8b\ f d]/f] klxnf] ;flxlTos
ofqf g} qf;lbk"0f{ eP/ klg xf]nf . :jod\ d klg plt ;f/} ;flxlTos
ofqfsf nflu km8\sf] dfg{ rfxlbgy]F . Tof] qf;lbk"0f{ ;flxlTos 36gfsf]
;do lyof] lj=;= @)^@ ;fn c;f]h ! ut] jf0fL k|sfzgn] ebf}sf]
clGtddf egfF} d;fGtdf k|To]s jif{ eJo ;flxlTos sfo{qmd ub{}
cfPsf] 5 . Tof] jif{ klg sfo{qmd eJotfsf ;fy ;DkGg eof] . bf];f| ]
lbgsf] sfo{qmddf ;flxTosf/xnfO{ O6x/Lsf] sfJojfl6sf / e]86] f/
3'dfpg nfg] lyof] . ;dofg';f/ O6x/Lsf] sfJojfl6sfsf] cjnf]sg
/ vfgkfgsf] sfo{qmdkl5 xfdL e]8]6f/lt/ NfUof}F . jf:tjdf of]
sfo{qmddf dnfO{ lsg xf] Tolt hfg dg lyPg . t/ cfb/0fLo k/z'
bfO / c ;fyLxsf] cfu|x sf6\g g;sL uPsL lyPF . e]86] f/sf]
e|d0f, rfN;KjfOG6sf] cjnf]sgkl5 xf]6ndf vfglkgsf] sfo{qmd
lyof] . emG8} tL;rfnL; hgf hlt ;flxTosf/ lyof}F . ;flxTosf/xdf
O6x/L, lj/f6gu/, x]6f}8+ f, a'6jn, emfkflt/sf] klg x'gx' G' Yof] . ;flxlTos
ukmufkmdf ;do lat] . larf/ cfbgk|bfgsf qmddf lbg lat] . ;du|df
118

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lbg /dfOnf] g} eof] . t/ kms{g] qmddf rf/ ah] uf8L kms{g] s'/f
lyof] . To;n] uf8L rf/ ah] e]86] f/sf] cf]/fnf] nfUg] 7fpFdf cfP/
/f]lsof] . Psb'O{ hgf ;flxTosf/ 5'6g\ e
' Psf] /x]5, To;}n] kv{g]
qmddf xfdL /f]lsof}F . d cufl8sf] l;6df lyPF . d]/f] 5]pdf a'6jnsf]
;flxTosf/ Clif/fd e';fn x'gx' G' Yof] . xfdLn] lrgfkrL{ uof}F . To;}
;do 8fOe/ cfgf] 7fpFaf6 p7]/ xfdL ePlt/ cfof] . t'?Gt uf8L
u'8g\ yfNof] . d}n] dfq uf8L u'8s
] f] yfxf kfPF / lrRofPF . d}n]
s/fpg]lalQs} pQm 8fOe/ t'?Gt kmls{xfNof] . o;/L gkms{s
] f] eP
eujfg\ hfg"g\ s] eO;SYof] . d eg] cflQP/ s] u/f}F eg]/ 56k6fPF .
Tof] dflg; 8fOe/ xf] h:tf] klg nfu]g . To:tf] le/fnf]df uf8L
u'8k] l5 Tof] JolQmn] /f]Sg ;Snfg\ eg]/ d cflQP/ 9f]sfdf k'lu;s]5' .
d}n] yfxf g} kfOgF . 9f]sfdf k'u/] xfDkmfNg vf]Hbf t'?Gt a|s
] nfu]/
d 9f]sfdf ahfl/g k'u5
] ' . rf]6 t To:tf] s]xL nfu]g t/ dleq o:tf]
qf; k;]5 ls d slt ;do;Dd af]Ng g} ;lsgF . a|s
] nfu]kl5 dfq
k5fl8sf ;flxTosf/x ;a} ukmdf d:t lyPF . yfxf kfpg'eP5 .
To;kl5 ;a} hgf ql;t x'ge
' of] . d eg] cw{dl" R5{t cj:yfdf lyPF .
;Fus
} f] ;flxTosf/ e';fnhL n] kfgL lbg'eof] . To;kl5 s]xL ;fdfGo
ePF . cl3 uf8Laf6 xfdkmfn]sf] eP emg\ ufx|f] x'GYof] eg]/ k/z'bfO
eGb} x'gx' G' Yof] . o; a]nfrflxF dnfO{ cfTdfUnflg eof] . d PSn} lsg
efu]/ 9f]sfdf k'u]5' eg]/ . dnfO{ cfkm" dfq afFRg rfxg] eg]/
:jfyL{kg b]vfPsf]em}F nfUof] . x'g t of] s'/f k|ToIf b]Vg] d dfq t lyPF
lg eg]/ dg a'emfPF .
ef]lnkN6 k/z'bfOn] kmf]g u/]/ eGg'eof] alxgL, tkfO{n
+ ] xfdL
;a}nfO{ arfpg'eof] . ;a} ;flxTosf/x lj/f6gu/df To;} eGb}
x'gx' G' 5 . lxhf] zlgaf/ km]l/ ! ut] d[To'jf0f k/]sf] /x]5 . x'g klg
7Ls} xf] d}n] geg]sf] jf yfxf gkfPsf] eP Tof] uf8L eL/af6 v;]/
sxfF k'UYof] xf]nf . b]zsf] jl/i7 ;flxTosf/ k/z' k|wfg, s[i0fe'if0f
an, dw' kf]v/]n, ljjz kf]v/]n, uLtf kGt, u08sL k'q -c w]/s
} f]
gfd lal;{;s]sf]_ uf8L tfKn]h' sf] w'Gr]df ePsf] x]lnsf]K6/ b'36{ gfem}F
ofqf:kz{

119

x'g s'ga} /] nfUb}gYof] . kl5 Tof] b'36{ gfsf] ;dfrf/n] dnfO{ Tof]
lbgsf] ;+emgf tfh} u/fof] . Tof] lbg d}n] t ;a}nfO{ arfPF t/ d
:jod\ eg] s}of}F lbg;Dd cw{dt[ h:tf] eO/x]F .
d]/f] hLjgsf] klxNf] ;flxlTos ofqf o;/L qf;lbk"0f{ /x]sf]
lyof] . To;}n] ;flxlTos ofqfdf ?lr ghfUg'sf] csf{] sf/0f of] klg
lyof] . t/ klg /f]df~rs ;flxlTos ofqf u/]/ kf7sdfly ljrf/ /
cg'el" tsf] v]tL ug{] nfn;frflxF dgdf 5Fb} lyof] . To;}n] 6f9fsf]
;flxlTos ofqfsf] lgDtf]nfO{ :jLsfb{} lj=;= @)^$ ;fn a}zfv @(
ut] efiffzf:qL dxfgGb ;fksf]6fsf] hGdhoGtL / k'/:sf/ ;df/f]xdf
hfg d pT;'s ePF . of] d]/f] bf];f| ] ;flxlTos ofqf lyof] . lsglsg
dnfO{ Tof] sfo{qmddf hfFphfFp nfUof] . To;}n] t dnfO{ sfo{qmdlt/
Tolt glxF8g\ ,] lgDtf] gdfGg] eGg] cf/f]ksf afl56fn] glehfPsf eg]
xf]Ogg\ . To;n] klg xf]nf Tof] jftfj/0f ;\Nofpg d}n] Tof] sfo{qmddf
hfg] lg0f{o u/]F . kl/jf/sf] ljrf/;Fu s':tL v]Nb} ljhoL eP/ nfu]F
d sfo{qmdlt/ . laxfg d d]/L alxgL lnP/ kfFr ah] latf{df]8lt/
nfu]F . ;doeGbf s]xL cl3 d tf]lsPsf] 7fpFdf k'uF] . ToxfF ld>
a}hoGtL, /f]lx0fLljnf; / cGo ;flxTosf/x;Fu e]63f6 eof] . s]xL
;dokl5 s[i0f w/fjf;L cfpg'eof] . pxfFn
F ] xfnva/ hfFra'em ug{e
' of]
-cWoIfsf] gftfn] / cfTdLotfsf] gftfn] ._ pxfFn] s]zj cfrfo{;uF
kl/ro u/fpg'eof] . To;kl5 s[i0f a/fn, ejfgL IfqL;Fu klg kl/ro
u/fpg'eof] . jf:tjdf dnfO{ o:tf] v'Nnf jftfj/0f dg k5{ . lbgel/
sf]7fleq a;]/ sljuf]i7L u/]/ 3/lt/ nfUg'eGbf of] cgf}krfl/s If0f
slt cfgGbdo 5 . jf:tjdf ;a}nfO{ :jtGqtf g} dg k5{ .
s]xL ;dokl5 s[i0fe'if0f an, ljjz kf]v/]n, dg' dlGhn /
s'db' clwsf/L klg cfOk'Ug'eof] . Tolt~h]n;Dd d lzlz/sf] zLtn]
nkSs leh]sf] b'af]em}F ;a};uF lelh;s]sL lyPF . ;dosf] gfsfaGbLsf]
;Ldf/]vf tf]8\b} lgwf{l/t ;doeGbf cfwf, kf}g] 3G6f l9nf] xfdL
ToxfFaf6 lxF8o\ f}F . lgs}dfly ag{] eGg] 7fpFdf xfdLnfO{ :jfutfy{ s]xL
;flxTosf/ / ;dfh;]jL x'gx' G' Yof] . ToxfF xfdLn] sf]bf]sf] /f]6L /
120

ofqf:kz{

u'Gb|s
' sf] crf/ klg vfof}F . jf:tjdf dL7f] lyof] . d}n] s]6fs]6Ldf
vfPsf]afx]s sf]bf]sf] /f]6L b]vs
] f] klg lyOgF . jf:tjdf d]/f] :jf:YonfO{
ldNg] g} lyof] . Tof] sf]bfsf] /f]6Ln] slt 7"nf] sfd uof] eGg] ljifosf]
rrf{ ;flxTosf/df a]ns
' f rf/ ah];Dd /Xof] . kl5 dnfO{ nfUof]
xfdLnfO{ t s]6fs]6LnfO{ rsn]6 v'jfP/ ca ltdLn] w]/} lxF8g\ k' 5{
eg]/ kmsfPem}F /x]5 Tof] sf]bf]sf] /f]6L t . jf:tjdf xfdL ofqfsf]
ljifodf cgle1 g} /x]5f}F .
lnl6n nfj/ :s'nn] ;fob uf8L ;f}hGo u/]sf] lyof] Sof/ .
lat{fdf]8df ;flxTosf/sf nflu eg]/ ef}lts, cfly{s / dfgl;s
kn] ;xof]u ug{] ;dfh;]jLsf] hdft g} b]v]F d}n] . ;fob xfd|f] w/fg
/ O6x/Ldf klg o:tf] eOlbPsf] eP . k|ToIf kdf xflb{stf /
;bf;otf b]vfpg'xg' d
] f d}n] ;dfh;]jL uf]kfn a:g]t, l;/f] ;fGbfO{,
?afa' e08f/L, 5ljnfn vltj8fnfO{ b] v ] F . To:t} :yfgLo
;flxTosf/xdf s[i0f ;'j]bL lg/fsf/, /lZd z]v/, t]/fv, k'0o
a/fn, rGb| e08f/L, dgf]h tk:jL, Hof]lt ls/0f, /Ltf v8\sf cem
a9L nfUg'ePsf] lyof] .
xfdL lnl6n nfj/ :s'nsf] uf8L r9]/ sRrL Tof] klg clt
ljs6 / hl6n af6f] x'bF } cl3 a9\of}F . uf8L sl/a cfwf 3G6f hlt dfq
s] lxF8s
] f] lyof], Pp6f psfnf]df yrSs a:of], wfOw'O{ gu/Lsg
;flxTosf/sf] lhGbuLh:tf] . ;dy/ af6f]df lxF8g\ ] uf8L lar/f]
s;/L ;xFbf] xf] of] si6do af6f] . htftt} vfN8f, vf]laN8f, 9'fsf
r'Rrfx . ;flxTosf/sf] efUoh:tf] . hLjgdf cfOkg{] o:t} si6do
ofqf kf/ ug{ g;s]/ uf8Lh:t} y'rS' s a:g] ;flxTosf/x w]/} 5g\
xfd|f] b]zdf . cem} dlxnf ;flxTosf/xsf] nfd} ;"rL tof/ x'G5
xf]nf . To;}n] d}n] ;flxTosf/sf] hLjg;Fu kfGtl/t ul/lbPF To;
uf8Lsf] xfntnfO{ . ca xfdLn] lxF8g\ ] ;fd"lxs ;Nnfx lgsfNof}F /
lxF8g\ yfNof}F . lgs} dfly lxF8k] l5 xfdL tLgj6LnfO{ cfkt\ cfOkof] .
ljsNksf] vf]hLdf ef}tF fl/P xfd|f cfFvfx . Pp6f b'Ot{ n] /fd|f] 3/
zf}rfno;lxt ePsf] b]Vof}F . t/ crDd To:tf] /fd|f] 3/ afnsyfsf]
ofqf:kz{

121

/fIf;/fIf;gLsf] syfdf em}F ;'g;fg lyof] . ;fob of] b]zsf] ;dsfnLg

/fhgLlt kl/j]z / ;fdflhs lj36gsf] k|ToIf gd'gf lyof] .
s]xL ;dosf] lxF8fOkl5 b'Oj{ 6f lhk tof/ b]lvP . tL lhkx
/fli6o slj dxfgGb ;fksf]6fsf] hGdyNf] b]jfg5fk hfgnfO{ tof/
kfl/Psf] /x]5 . xfdL To;}df r9\of}F / cToGt 3/fo;L g]kfnsf]
ah]6h:tf] af6f]df prflnFb} k5fl/Fb} psfnf] nfUof}F . lgs} dfly k'uk] l5
b]jfg5fk hfgnfO{ af6f] 5'lPsf] /x]5 .
nf} b]jfg5fk hfg] a:g'xf]nf c cf]ng{ ' xf]nf, af6f] cK7]/f] 5
lxF8g\ ;Sg] dfq hfg' xf]nf . cfof]hssf] pbL{ hf/L eof] . pbL{n] d]/f]
;f]rfOnfO{ ksfpg yfNof] . To;kl5 hfg] eg]/ d}n] ljrf/ kl:slbPF .
jf:tjdf of] ljrf/ sRd]N6f] g} lyof] . cfkm" /f]uL dfG5] lxF8g\ ;Sg]
xf] ls xf]Og t/ klg o:tf] dxfg\ JolQmsf] hGdynf] km]l/ slxn]
cfOk'luPnf < hLjgdf of] clj:d/0fLo If0f eP/ /lx/xg]5 eGg]
dfgl;stfn] sRd]N6f] eP klg kl:slbPsL lyPF .
b]jfg5fksf] psfnf] / elTsPsf] af6f]df xfd|f] ofqf ;'? eof] .
kfFr ldg]6 psfnf] gr9\b} uf8L efl;lbof] . em/]/ 7]Ng] k|lqmof ;'?
eof] . t/ uf8L k5fl8 ;/]/ emG8} clk|o 36gf 36]sf] . jf:tjdf
;flxTosf/sf] ;flxTok|ltsf] cf:yfn] g} Tof] clk|o b'36{ gf x'gaf6
hf]luPsf] x'g;S5 . s]xL ;dosf] ;\3if{kl5 clnsdfly cfO{ uf8L
/f]lsof] . ca efl;g]qmd csf{] uf8Lsf] lyof] . uf8Ldf d;lxt ljjz
kf]v/]n, s[i0f e'if0f an, dg' dlGhn, nLnf cgdf]n, b]jg] k|;fb,
uf]kfn a:g]t lyof}F . ;dosf] ;b'kof]usf] nflu ljsNksf] lasf]{ vf]nL
xfNof}F xfdLn] . ToxfF s]xL cgf}krfl/s kl/rosf] sfo{qmd eof] .
afNgdf vlKk; dg'dlGhnn] sljnfO{ s;/L xfF:osf] kfq agfOG5
' of] . To;kl5 ljjz kf]v/]nn]
eg]/ r'6l\ snf;lxt p4fx/0f k]; ug{e
klg ljrf/sf] ;xL5fk ub{} Pp6f r'6l\ snf ;'gfpg'eof] . xfdL xfF;f]df
xfF;f] yKg pT;'s lyofF} . jf:tjdf dfG5]n] cfkm"nfO{ kl/l:ylt;Fu
s;/L ;dfof]hg u5{ eGg] s'/fsf] of] /fd|f] k|:t'lt lyof] . cl3sf] Tof]
qf;k"0f{ b[Zo xfdLn] lal;{;s]sf lyof}F . t/ pQm 36gfdf k|ToIf
122

ofqf:kz{

;fIffTsf/ x'g] Pshgf kqsf/n] 36gfNfO{ tfhf agfO{ lbOxfn] . To;

kl5 xfdL -dg' dlGhn, s'db' clwsf/L / d_ ghfg] eGg] ;f]rfOdf
k'Uof}F . cl3 km;]sf] uf8L kGw|aL;hgfn] 8f]/Ln] tfGb} u/]sf] b[Zo
xfdLn] b]Vof}F . Tof] b[Zon] dg' dlGhn / s'db' clwsf/LnfO{ :tAw
agfP5 Sof/] . pxfFxF n] hf]lvdk"0f{ ofqf ug{ ?rfpg' ePg / kmls{g'
eP5 . d}n] kl5 :df/s:yn k'uk] l5 dfq yfxf kfPF . drflxF b'j} uf8L
hfg] /x]5 eg]/ cf]ln{g . xfdLn] lxF8/] kf] hfg] ls eGg] s'/fsf] la:s'g
lkmhfof}F . t/ Tof] ;Dej x'g g;Sg] /x]5 lsgeg] ToxfFaf6 emG8}
lbgel/ nfUg ;Sg] l:ylt /x]5 . xfd|f] cglj1tfnfO{ b]v/] kl5 dnfO{
xfF;f] klg p7\of] . jf:tjdf af6f]df of] cK7]/f] gcfpg] x/]5 olb
/ftel/ kfgL gk/]sf] eP . kfgLn] af6f]df df6f] efl;Psf] /x]5 .
ca xfdL ;flxTosf/ slt cefuL /x]5f}F eGg] s'/fn] lrQrflxF
a'emfpg} k5{ . k|s[ltn] klg xfd|f] w}o{ / ;fx;sf] k/LIff lnPsf]
x'gk' b{5 . efiffzf:qL dxfgGb ;fksf]6fNfO{ klg cfgf] :df/s:yfkgf
u/fpg Tolt ;lhnf] ePsf] lyPg xf]nf . of] ;\3if{sf] 38L klg kSs}
dxfgGb ;fksf]6fn] k/LIffsf] kdf lng'ePem}F nfUof] dnfO{ . pxfFs
F f]
ljifodf uf8Ldf a]nfa]nfdf rrf{ x'g] ub{Yof] . pxfFs
F f] efiffk|ltsf]
sl6a4tf, ;flxTok|lt nugzLntf, hLjgsf si6do If0fx / cfFl6nf
sfo{xsf] rrf{ x'g] ub{Yof] . a]nfa]nfdf xfdL h]flvdk"0f{ ofqfk|lt
;+jb] gzLntf klg k|s6 ub{Yof}F . cToGt ;fgf] rf}8f af6f]af6 d'lZsnsf
;fy uf8L nfg'kg{] clg cK7]/f 3'DtL kf/ ug{k' g{,] s'g a]nf s] x'g] xf]
eGg g;lsg] l:ylt lyof] .
xfdLn] hLjgsf] 9's9'sL 8fOe/sf] xftdf 5f]l8lbPsf lyof}F .
h;/L Pp6f ladf/Lsf] ck|;
] g ubf{ 8fS6/sf] xftdf p;sf] 9's9'sL
rln/x]sf] x'G5 . xf], To;/L xfdLn] klg xfd|f] hLjgsf] s}r
+ L, 5'/f
8fOe/sf] xftdf ;'lDklbPsf lyof}F . ToxfF Ps OGrsf] tndflydf h]
klg x'g ;SYof] . To;} klg d}n] cfgf] ;Dk"0f{ lhGbuL O{Zj/sf] xftdf
;'Dk]sf] dfG5] clxn] klg d lgw{Ss O{Zj/sf] cf:yfdf g} nLg lyPF .

ofqf:kz{

123

s]xL dfly k'uk] l5 km]l/ uf8L efl;g] qmd a9\of] . of] a]nf ld>
a}hflGt / ejfgL IfqLrflxF lgs} 8/fpg'eP5 . pxfFFx lxF8]/ g}
:df/s:yn k'Ug'eP5 cGoGt} si6dosf ;fy . nLnfhL / drflxF
lxF8g\ cN5L uof}F . xfdL;Fu} hLjg clwsf/L, ch{g' ;fksf]6f / b]jg]
k|;fOF x'gx' G' Yof] . lrgfkrL{sf] v]n v]Nb} xfdL psflnof}F . lxF8g\ a8f]
d'l:sn eO/x]sf]Yof] . nLnf / d p:t} lyof},F lxF8g\ df rflxF . 7f8f]
psfnf] jl/kl/ v}v lr;f] xfjf;Fu ;fOgf] ufF:t} xfdL psflnof}F .
lgs} 7f8f] psfnf] sf6]kl5 uf8L cfOk'Uof] . uf8Ldf r9\of}F . uf8Ln]
gfgLnfO{ emf]n' fdf xNnfPem}F xNnfpFb} dfl:t/ nUof] . casf] af6f]
clns sd qf;bLk"0f{ lyof] . s]xLdfly k'uk] l5 Pp6f 3'DtL cfof] . Tof]
3'DtLdf km]l/ uf8L km:of] . 8fOe/n] emG8} b;f}F rf]6L;Dd uf8L
lgsfNg] k|of; uof] t/ ;s]g . 8fOe/sf] w}ot{ f, nugzLntf /
;Lksf] xfdLn] d'Qms07n] k|z;
+ f uof}F . ;fob of] b[Zo ljb]zLn] b]v]
eg] slt crDd dfGbf x'g\ . tL ufpFn]n] b]vfPsf] ;bf;otf /
xflb{stfn] xfdL s[ts[t eof}F . s:tf] lgZrn dfof, slt cfTdLotf
slt xflb{stf kxf8sf] :jR5 xfjf / k|jl[ Qdf x'ss
]{ f] dfgjLotf .
;x/df ePsf] k|bl" ift Jojxf/nfO{ oxfFsf] dflg;sf] Jojxf/n] emfk8
xfg]em}F nfUof] dnfO{ . cem emg\ ;x/sf] d} x'F eGg]xn] ldqtf /
cfTdLotfnfO{ k|flKtsf] kf;f]df em'G8\ofPsf] b]v]/ pgLxnfO{
dfgjLotfsf] of] syfsf] aN5Ldf aNemfpg dg nfUof] dnfO{ .
km]l/ ufpFn]n] d'l:snn] uf8L aflx/ lgsfn] . ;fgf;fgf
s]6fs]6Lb]lv j[4;Dd nfluk/]sf] b]v/] d crlDdt / ql;t ePF, s]xL
u/L uf8L k5fl8 kmSof{] eg] tL ;xof]uL xftx ldg]6df sRofss'rs
'
x'g ;Sy] . s] Tof] b[Zo d]/f] bon] ;xg ;Snf <
ca uf8L kfFrf}F gDa/sf] :jfut k|jz
] bf/df k'us
] f] lyof] . ToxfF
s]xL JolQm :jfut ug{ dfnf lnP/ a:g'ePsf] lyof] . ToxfF dnfO{
syfsf/ eg]/ dfnf nufOof] . d}n] eg]
F d of] 7fpFdf cfOk'Ug' d]/f]
;f}efUo xf] . t'?Gt uf]kfn a:g]tn] eGg'eof] of] 7fpFsf] klg
;f}efUo xf] . jf:tjdf b'j} s'/f ;xL lyP . To;kl5 xfdL km]l/
124

ofqf:kz{

psflnof}F O{Zj/sf] sfdgf ub{} . Ps hgf ufpFn] eGb} x'gx' G' Yof]
xfdL slt cefuL /ftel/ kfgL gk/]sf] eP kfx'gfxnfO{ olt si6
x'g] lyPg . d t /ftel/ ;'Tg ;lsgF . slt :jR5 efjgf slt 7"nf]
cf:yf / ljZjf; ;flxTok|lt t/ cefuL t xfdL ;flxTosf/ xf}F eg]/
d}n] a'emfpg ;lsgF . s]xL ;dokl5 Pp6f ;fgf] :s'n cfOk'Uof] .
ToxfF uf8L /flvg] 7fpF /x]5 . ToxfFaf6 km]l/ k}bn lxF8g\ k' g{] 8fF8f;Dd .
ca lxF8\g]qmddf nLnfhL / d v'lDrof}F . t/ klg v'f gtGsfO{
gk'lug] ePsf] x'gfn] ;lsg;sL nDsg yfNof}F . kZrfQfksf] ;'gfdLn]
dhfn] 3]of] dnfO{ . dfly k'Ug]eGbf klg s;/L kms{g] eGg] 5fnxn]
3]/] dnfO{ . af6fdf s]xL eOxfn] d}n] lhGbuL slxNo} ;flxlTos
ofqfsf] nflu cg'dlt kfpg} 5}g eGg] qf;n] 8f]ofof] dnfO{ . ;flxlTos
ofqfdf olt nfdf] / hf]lvdk"0f{ ofqf of] g} d]/f] klxnf] lyof] . xfdL
emG8} 8fF8fsf] 6'Kkf]df lyof}F . ToxfFaf6 tn ;dy/ d}bfgsf] /d0fLo
b[Zo b]lvFb} lyof] . xfdL t];f{] af6f] x'bF } ukmsf] u'O7F f k'mSb} psflnof}F .
sl/a cfwf 3G6f lxF8k] l5 :df/s:yn cfOk'Uof}F . cf]xf] ;flns
ePsf] 7fpF slt dgdf]xs . k"jk{ l d]rL vf]nfsf] au/, afx'g8fFuL
clg lgs} k/ l;lSsd / bflh{ln lrofpFb} u/]h:tf] eg] klZrdkl
latf{df]8 / w'nfaf/Lsf kmf/flsnf kmfF6x . of] k|fs[lts ;f}Gbo{df
xfdL lnKt eof}F . of] /d0fLo b[Zo b]v/] d efjljef]/ ePF . lbgel/sf]
kL8fkl5 hGd]sf] cb\et" cfgGb . cem egfF} k|;j j]bgfkl5 hGd]sf]
ckf/ ;'vfg'el" tsf] cfgGbem}F . d}n] o:tf] k|fs[lts ;f}Gbo{sf] /;f:jfbg
ug{ gkfPsf] jiff}{+ eO;s]5 . clxn] kf] lt;{gf hfu]h:tf] eof] .
8fF8fsf] y'Dsf]sf] aLrdf :df/s clg :df/ssf] jl/kl/ km"naf/L .
slt /dfOnf]:yn jf:tjdf :df/s:yn cToGt pko'Q
{ m 7fpFdf
lyof] .
w]/}h:tf] ;flxTosf/ e]nf eP/ sfo{qmd ;'? ul/;Sg'ePsf]
/x]5 . ef]s / ysfOn] xfdL nvt/fg lyof}F . d]/f] ;f; km'n/] bd
a9]h:tf] ePsf] lyof] . t/ klg ToxfFsf] /d0fLo jftfj/0fn] xfd|f]
;Dk"0f{ ysfg / ef]snfO{ lgd{nLs/0f ul/lbof] . d kmf]6f] lvRg] d'8df
ofqf:kz{

125

lyPF . s]xL cf}krfl/s sfo{qmd kl5 vfhfsf] aGbf]a:t ul/Psf] /x]5 .

jf:tjdf Tof] Joj:yf cGtl/d /x]5 ls Sof xf] ;flxTosf/x w]/}
ef]sfP eg]/ . vfhfdf ds}, u'Gb|s
' / ;a{t lyP Tof] klg ;Lldt
dfqfdf . d k]6sf] ladf/L ds} / u'Gb|s
' -;fw]sf] vfg gx'g] dfG5]_ b'O{
luFNff; ;a{t / kfgL vfPF . Toltv]/ cfof]hssf] sdhf]/L xf] ls
h:tf] nfUof], t/ kl5 a'em\bf Ps 3G6fdf k'lug] 7fpFdf tLg 3G6f
{ u/]kl5
nfu]sf] x'gfn] kl/of]hgfdf ljrng cfPsf] /x]5 eGg] lgSof}n
d}n] cfk}mF n] cfkm}n
F fO{ ;fGTjgf lbPF . t/ tL ufpFnx] n] b]vfPsf]
;bf;otf / vflt/bf/Lsf] k|z;
+ f u/]/ gyfSg] ePsL 5' d . To;kl5
xfd|f] kms{g] qmd ;'? eof] . kms+b{ f s]xL ;flxTosf/ uf8Ldf hfg
qf;bLo'Qm ePsf] x'gfn] lxF8/] g} kms{g] dfgl;stf af]Sg'eof] . cGo
xfdL s]xLrflxF a? hLpHofg h] xf]nfxf]nf eGb} eljtJotfsf] afs;df
cfgf] HofgnfO{ lwtf] /fVb} uf8Ldf g} kms{g] dfgl;stfn] wldlnof}F .
lgs}tn;Dd lxF8g\ k' bf{ uf/f] eof] . Ps t ef]s ToxLdfly ysfg
d'l:snn] uf8L ePsf] 7fpFdf cfOk'Uof}F .
ca uf8Ln] /fd|/L g} cf]xf| nf] emfof] . t/ ofqfrflxF hf]lvdk"0f{
g} lyof] . xfdL lgs} un]5f}F . nLnf / d nf]nfpg yfNof}F . pm klg ev{/
ladf/L eP/ p7]sf] dfG5] /x]5 . d klg To:t} . hLjgdf dfgl;s
kL8f w]/} ;x]xn
F' f t/ o:tf] ef}lts kL8f ;x]sf] dnfO{ ;Demgf 5}g .
lsglsg cfFvf nf]nfP5g\ . k|foM ;a} ;flxTosf/sf] xfnt o:t}
lyof] . emG8} 8]9 3G6fkl5 snsn kfgLsf] cfjfhn] cfFvf pl3|of] .
cf]xf] kfgLsf] s:tf] axfj s:tf] lgZrntf af6f]sf] 5]pdf
agfPsf] l;d]G6sf] s'nf]df kfgL cToGt a]usf;fy alu/x]sf] lyof] .
jf:tjdf xfd|f] hLjg eg]sf] kfgL g} /x]5 . of] kfgLsf] Wjlgdf d
t/lt ePF . Psl5g eP klg z/L/df :km"lt{ cfof] . xfdL zflGt
dfWolds ljBfno hfb}F /x]5f}F . km]l/ lsg xf] cfFvf nf]nfP5g\ .
ljBfno cfOk'u5
] . clnsdfly g} uf8L /f]lsof] . uf8Laf6 em/]/
lxF8g\ vf]Hbf v'f g} nfu]g . efFlrPem}F eof] . o;nfO{ sOF6] nfu]sf]
elgG5 eg]/ ljjz ;/ / uf]kfn ;/n] v}va/L lng'eof] . t/ d
126

ofqf:kz{

pxfFxF nfO{ cfgf] b'Mv ;'gfP/ c b'lvt agfpg rfxGgy]F .

ef]hgsIf cufl8 s[i0f w/fjf;L xfF:b} xfdLnfO{ :jfut ug{
a:g'ePsf] /x]5 . s[i0fn] em}F xfd|f] dfg;lstf cl3 a'lem;Sg'ePsf]
/x]5 . To;}n] xf]nf xfd|f] dl:tisnfO{ pmhf{ lbg] lsl;dsf] cleJolQm
lbg'eof] . dnfO{ cfwf ysfO d]l6Pem}F eof] .
leq ;a} ;flxTosf/x tGdosf;fy vfgf;Fu enfs';f/L ub{}
x'gx' G' Yof] . d klg ;fd]n ePF . t/ cfgf] t pxL afWotf . oqf]
xflb{stfsf;fy ul/Psf] cg'ux| nfO{ r6Ss nTofpg'kof] . vfgfdf
s]xL lk/f] ePkl5 d}n] rf/ ufF;afx]s s]xL lng ;lsgF . c ;fyLx
dhfn] Jofjxfl/s ;Demf}tfdf nfUg'ePsf] lyof] . Tof] b]v/] rflxF dnfO{
v';L nfUof] .
To;kl5 sfo{qmd :yndf hfg] cg'/f]w ul/Psf] lyof] . cf}krfl/s
sfo{qmd ;'? ul/of] . k|dv
' cltly a}/fuL sfOFnff/f sfo{qmd pb\3f6g
ul/of] . cltly ;flxTosf/ w]/} x'gx' G' Yof] . lsg xf] d~rdf aflx/af6
hfg'ePsf] ;flxTosf/df s[i0fe'if0f an, ld> a}hGtL / dnfO{ dfq
af]nfOof] . ufos tyf ;Ltsf/ hLjg clwsf/Ln] dxfgGb ;fksf]6fsf]
uLt cfg} ;Ltdf ;'gfpg'eof] . ToxfF pxfFn
F fO{ ;Ddfg klg ul/of] .
cGo k'/:sf/sf] sfo{qmdrflxF ef]lnkN6nfO{ :ylut ul/of] . k'/:s[t
x'gx' g' d
] f 8f= Clifs]z pkfWofo / vf]nf3/] ;fOFnf x'gx' G' Yof] .
d]/f] eg] k]6sf cjojxn] ;zQm cfGbf]ng ;'? ul/;s]sf
lyP . xftvfsf hf]gL{xn] gf/f / h'n;
' nfpg yfln;s]sf lyP .
ca dnfO{ oL kf6{kh
' f{;uF zflGt ;Demf}tf ug{ lgs} ;do nfU5 eGg]
cg'dfg lgsfln;s]sL lyPF d}n] . sfo{qmd ;lsg] a]nfdf a}/fuL
sfOFnf / hLjg clwsf/L kms{g] ufOFuO' F xNnf ;'gF] . ;'Gg]lalQs} s[i0f
w/fjf;LnfO{ cfgf] cj:yf huhfx]/ u/]F . To;kl5 pxfFFsf] ;Fu}
kms{gx' f];\ eGg] ;Nnfxn] d]/f] ;d:of ;'NemfOlbg'eof] .
ef]lnkN6 cfh}sf] g} afFsL /x]sf sfo{qmd c;/Nn 5l/Psf]
hfgsf/L pb\3f]ifsn] lbO/x]sf lyP . xfdL eg] ltg} sfo{qmdnfO{
ofqf:kz{

127

lgkmGb} , s'NrFb} 3/ kms{g] b':;fx; ul//x]sf lyof}F . jf:tjdf dflg;n]

cfk"mn] rfx]/ ;a} kfpFbf] /x]g5 . d g/fd|/L kl/j]zsf] bf; ePF .
ef]lnkN6sf] /dfOnf] sfo{qmdnfO{ sNkgfdf dfq ;Lldt /fVb} xfdL
klG5of}F . ;Nnfxadf]lhd xfdL emg{} kg{] hlt emof}F . emG8} 7"nf] ;fFem
kbf{ xfdL ;fgf] lhkdf prflnFb} k5fl/Fb} cf]xf| nf] emb{} lyof}F . d}n]
clnslt b[Zo em\ofnaflx/ 8fF8fsf] leQfdf 5/]F . vf]nfkfl/ 8fF8fdf
:s'n] kf];fs nufPsf s]6fs]6L ;]tfDd] b]vF] . g]kfnsf] cEoGtfl/s
cj:yf t d}n] sxfF a'em]sf] /x]5' / . l;4fGt / Jojxf/ l;Ssfsf b'O{
kf6fem}F em'Ns]sf 5g\ d]/f cfFvfdf . vf]nfkfl/sf] 8fF8fsf :s'n]
s]6fs]6Lsf] b[Zo d]/f cfFvfel/ vflbPsf 5g\ . vf]nfkfl/ Tolt 6f9faf6
tL ufpFn] s]6fs]6Lx s;/L of] :s'ndf k9\g cfpFbf x'g\ . s'g}
syfh:tf] of] s'/f t d}n] lstfadf dfq k9]sL lyPF . cfh ;fIffTsf/
x'g] df}sf kfPsL lyPF . d]/f] 3/cufl8sf] :s'nsf] uf8L / d]/f] 5f]/f5f]/L
clg :s'nsf] cfFugdf uf8L . d]/f] cfFvfn] Tof] b[ZonfO{ lj:yflkt
ul/lbof] . dnfO{ ;kgf xf] ls, ljkgf xf] h:tf] nfUof] . tL slnnf
eljiosf s0f{wf/x lbgdf slt ;do af6f] lxF8/] latfpFbf x'g\ eg]/
dnfO{ lx;falstfa ug{ dg nfUof] . t/ d lx;fadf To;} sdhf]/
ePsf] x'gfn] yk kl/l:yltaf6 klg sdhf]/ x'g rflxgF . r'gfjsf]
a]nfdf dfq ufpF hfg] g]tfsf] b]zdf of]eGbf a9L hf]836fp ubf{
cfkm}F lrlKng] 8/ x'G5 eg]/ d}n] Tof] b[ZoNfO{ cfFvfdf dfq ;Lldt
/fVg ;s]F .
{ f] dgdf]xs b[Zo kf]lvof] d]/f]
uf8Laf6 c:tfpg cfF6s
] f] ;"os
cfFvfdf . lsg xf] dnfO{ c:tfpFbf] ;"os
{ f] b[Zo c;fWo} dg k5{ . olb
d lrqsf/ ePsf] eP zzL zfxn] 3f]8fsf] dfq lrq agfPem}F d klg
uf]wl" n ;fFemsf] dfq lrq agfpFyF] x'n
F f . dnfO{ ;"o{ c:tfpg cfF6s
] f]
lIflth;Fu enfs';f/L ug{ dg nfUof] . To;sf] ;f}Gbo{df cfkm"nfO{
8'afpg dg nfUof] / ;f]Wg dg nfUof] s] d cfgf] uGtJodf cfh
k'Ug ;sFn
" f < s] d]/f] ;flxlTos ofqfsf s7Lg If0fx o;/L g} kf/
ub{} cfgf] uGtJo:yfgdf ;'/lIft k'Ug ;s"n
F f t < uf8Ldf xfdL ;a}
128

ofqf:kz{

cfg} tfn, ;'/ / /fudf cfgf] hLjgsf] uLt;Ltdo agfP/

ahfO/x]sf lyof}F . ;a} df}g, zfGt / lglZrGt lyof}F . d]/f] dgn] eg]
latf{df]8af6 uf8L kfpnfgkfpnf eGg] /fu cnflk/x]sf] lyof] .
ToxfF ;+jfb lyPg, ljjfb lyPg, ckjfb lyPg . lsgeg] cfcfgf]
;Ltdf afwf cfpg ;SbYof] . w'nfaf/L cfOk'uk] l5 a}/fuL sfOFnfHo"n]
labfjf/L dfu]/ af6f] nfUg'eof] . xfdL latf{df]8df emof}F . latf{df]8df
cfOk'Ubf cf7 alh;s]sf] lyof] . ca uf8L kfOg] xf] xf]Og gkfP s]
ug{] < eGg] of]hgf agfpg yfNof}F alxgL / d . x'g t latf{df]8df
cfgf dfG5] k|z:t 5g\, t/ ca/ k/]kl5 dfq cfpg]/x]5g\ eg]/
Jofjxfl/s jrgjfF0f nfpF5g\ ls eGg] 8/ dgdf lyof] dnfO{ .
To;}n] e/;s uf8Ldf 3/} cfpg] of]hgf agfof}F alxgL / d}n] .
efUojz Pp6f gfO6 a; s]xL ;dokl5 cfOk'Uof] .
ca eg] ;a} zf, ysfg d]l6Pem}F eof] . Tof] lbg ;s'zn /flt
b; ah] 3/ cfOk'uF] . slxn] ef]Ug gkfPsf] /f]df~rs ;flxlTos
ofqfsf] ;+:d/0f;Fu} d}n] cfgf] ljrf/ / cg'e"ltsf] ;fgf] kf]sf]
kf7snfO{ af]sfpg ;kmn ePF . To;}n] clxn] d v';L 5' . km]l/
;flxTosf/xsf hGds'08nLaf6 yf]/} ePkl5 ;flxTosf/sf] hLjgbzf
s]nfpg ;s]sf]df cem xli{ft 5' . sfo{qmdsf] o:tf] ;'gf}nf] cj;/
lbP/ of] lgofqfdf cfkm" kf]lvg kfPsf]df dxfgGb ;fksf]6f
k|1fk|lti7fgnfO{ d'/Ld'/L wGojfb lbg rfxG5' .

ofqf:kz{

129

>Lcf]d >]i7 /f]bg

hGd M ;g\ !(^$, nlntk'/ .
syf, sljtf, lgofqf / hLjgLn]vgdf cToGt} ;lqmo .
df]tL k'/:sf/, pQdzflGt k'/:sf/, z/ nfld5fg] o'jf lgaGw
k'/:sf/nufot /fli6o:t/sf k'/:sf/af6 ;Ddflgt .
n3'syf / ofqfn]vgdf ljz]if of]ubfg .
nlntk'/ snf ;flxTo k|lti7fgdf cfa4, xfn uf]/vfkqdf sfo{/t .
emG8} Ps bh{g s[ltx k|sflzt .

130

ofqf:kz{

x\ofrlen;Ddsf] Pd6fs ofqf

gy{ Sof/f]lngfsf] lu|G;au{ ;x/sf] /]nj] :6];gdf k'Ubf laxfgsf]
kf}g] gf} ah]sf] lyof] . :of/f]8sf 8'sfaxfb'/ s];LhLn] atfPcg';f/
oxfFaf6 jfl;\6g hfg] Pd6fs /]n gf} ah]/ PSsfO; ldg]6df hfg]
5 . ofqf sl/a cf7 3G6fsf] x'g5
] / ef8f pgfG;f7L 8n/ nfUg]5 .
olt g} hfgsf/Lsf] e/df xfdL oxfF cfOk'us
] f lyof}F .
xfdL, bLks sfsL{ / d lxhf] ;fF dfq n;glenaf6 xfOKjfOG6
cfOk'u]sf lyof}F . xfOKjfOG6 :of8f]l/hdf j;Gt v8\sf / dfwj
9sfnhLsf] 3/ 5 . b'j} hgf afNosfnb]lvsf c;fWo ldNg] ldqx .
s]xL lbg j;Gtsf] 3/df latfP/ Ps lbgcl3 dfq 8]9 3G6fsf]
b"/Ldf /x]sf] n;glen eGg] 7fpFdf /ft latfpg k'us
] f lyof}F . Tof]
7fpF xfd|} kxf8L lhNnfsf s'g} ufpFh:t} lyof] . xfdLnfO{ a]/LKofr
:6f]/sf z'sb]j e}ofn] Pp6f OlG8og /]i6'/G] 6cufl8 5f]8/] uPsf]
lyof] . / ToxfFaf6 xfdLnfO{ dfwjhLn] cfgf] 3/df n}hfg'ePsf]
lyof] .
cfh ;fF ;'k/afpn x'bF /} x]5 . a];ansf] kmfOgn v]n . kfFr
dlxgfsf] v]nkl5 x'g] kmfOgn v]n cd]l/sfsf] ;jf{lws nf]slk|o v]n
/x]5 . Ps k|sf/sf] 7"nf] kj{h:tf], v]n ;'? ePkl5 Jo:t af6f]x g}
ofqf:kz{

131

;'g;fg x'g] . cfh dfwjhLsf] 3/df s]xL ;fyLx;lxt x]g{] sfo{qmd

/x]5 . xfdL klg ylkof}F . ga'lg] v]nsf] gfddf e]63f6 ef]hdf
;xefuL eof}F . t/ dfwjhL a]nfa]nfdf dnfO{ v]nsf af/]df
cYof{O/xg' x'GYof] . sf]7fel/ 7"nf, ;fgf ;a} hgf pQ]lht eP/
s/fO/xGy] . oxL /ddaf6 j;Gtsf] 3/df ;'Tg hfFbf /ftsf] ;f9]
P3f/ alh;s]sf] lyof] .
laxfg ;dodf p7\g ;lsPg eg] cfhsf] af; klg ot} x'g]
ePsf]n] d}n] kfFr ah]sf] 3G6L 38Ldf ldnfPF t/ lsg xf] ah]g .
j;Gtn] ^ ah] d]/f] gfd lnP/ af]nfPkl5 Ao"lF Psf] lyPF . s]xLIf0f
s'/fsfgL u/]kl5 j;Gt cfgf] sfddf uPsf] lyof] . ;fGTjgf efph"
kfFr ah] g} lgl:s;Sg'ePsf] lyof] . 5f]/L l;d|fg] n] alxgL d':sfgnfO{
tof/ kf/]kl5 ;f9] ;ft ah] glhs}sf] :s'nsf] af6f];Dd 5f]8]/
kmls{PF . To;kl5 dfwjhLnfO{ /]nj] :6];g;Dd k'ofOlbg ldN5ls
eg]/ kmf]g u/]F . pxfFF t'?Gt} cfOk'Ug' ef] . a} ckm cd]l/sfsf] C0f
clws[tsf] kdf sfo{/t ePsf]n] ;f]daf/ laxfg ;w}F sGkm/]G;
a}7s x'g/] x]5 . ca]/ eO;s]sf] lyof] . To;}n] lglZrt 7fpFdf k'Ugf;fy
pxfFF kmls{ge
' of] .
bLks / d]/f] u/]/ tLgj6f ;'6s]; / Pp6f 7"nf] emf]nf ePsf]n]
;fdfg lnP/ otfplt ug{ lgs} ufx|f] lyof] . t/ klg la:tf/}la:tf/}
Pd6fssf] clkm;leq k|jz
] uof}F . l6s6 lsGg nfOgdf a:of}F .
kl/rokq dfUof] / xfdLn] kf;kf]6{ b]vfof}F . b'Oj{ 6f l6s6sf] nflu
Ps ;o rfnL; 8n/ dfUof] . xfdLn] cfZro{ k|s6 uof},F k};f a9L
ePsf]df . Ps lbgcl3 l/he]{;g u/]sf] eP pgfg\;f7L 8n/ /
cfhsf] nflu cfh} lnFbf ;Q/L 8n/ kg]{ :ki6 kfl/lbof] sfpG6/jfnfn] .
l6s6 lnPkl5 ;fdfgx hfFr/] a'emfpg] 7fpFdf uof}F . d]/f] Pp6f
;'6s]zsf] tf}n cG7fpg kfpG8 eP5, krf; kfpG8eGbf a9L ;fdfg
ePsf] ;'6s]; n}hfg gkfOg] /x]5 . ;'6s]; vf]n/] s]xL lstfa /
n'ufx lgsfn]/ bLkssf] ;'6s];df sf]lrlbPF . nu]h 6fu lnP/
xfdL /]nsf] k|tLIffdf a:g yfNof}F .
132

ofqf:kz{

/]n tf]lsPsf] ;doeGbf s]xL lanDa u/L cfOk'Uof] . /]n

/f]lsgf;fy Ps hgf sd{rf/L lg:s]/ 5f]6f] b"/Lsfx otf / nfdf]
ofqf ug]x{ csf]{ 9f]sfaf6 r9\gx' f];\ eg]/ xftn] b]vfpFb+ } s/fof] .
xfdL nfdf] b"/Lsf ofqL lyof},F ToxLcg'k leq k:of}F . leq k|foM
l;6x el/Psf lyP . sf]xL tf;df /ld/x]sf, sf]xL ;'lt/x]sf . s'g}
hf]8L k|d
] fnfk u/L al;/x]sf lyP . cufl8 a9\b} hfFbf b'Oj{ 6f l;6sf]
dfly Reserved for two eg]/ sfuh 6fF;s
] f] 7fpFdf xfdL a:of}F .
;f]r,F] xfd|f] nflu g} /fv]sf] x'gk' 5{ . /]n cfgf] ultdf u'8g\ yfNof] .
cd]l/sf cfPkl5 bLksn] /]nofqfsf] klxnf] cg'ej ub}{ lyof] . To;}n]
pm /dfOnf] dflg/x]sf] lyof] . p;sf] hLjgsf] ;fg} s'/f] eP klg
klxnf] lbg aGof] k|m] a'c/Lsf] rf/ tfl/v, cf7 ;fnsf] .
xfdL ofnaf6 b]lvg] b[Zox ;s];Dd g5'6f];\ eg]}F u/L
x]l//x]sf lyof}F . of] /]n sxfFbl] v cfPsf] xf] eGg] yfxf geP klg
lu|G;a/f]af6 xfdLnfO{ af]ss
] f] lyof] clxn] Burlington cfP/ /f]lsof] .
;fgf] :6];g ePsf]n] s]xL dfG5] plSnPsf dfq} b]lvP . of] :6];gaf6
/]n cufl8 a9\gf;fy Kn]gsf kfOn6sfh:tf ;]tf n'uf nufPsf
/]nsf sd{rf/Lx l6s6 hfFRg cfP . ltgLxn] l6s6 Roft]/ xfd|f]
l;6 dflykl c8\sfOlbP . o;f] ubf{ /]ndf hlt ofq'x cf]ln{P / r9]
klg xfdLnfO{ eg] hfFRg' gk/f];\ eg]/ xf]nf ;fob .
/]n cfgf] ultdf / 38L cfgf] ultdf cufl8 al9/x]sf] 5 .
v/fof] / s5'jfsf] bf}8h:t} . /]n Durham k'u/] /f]lsO;s]sf] lyof] .
oxfF ;'/z
] ;fksf]6f ;/n] dnfO{ lSnG6gaf6 ofn] Nofpg' x'bF f 3'dfpg'
ePsf] lyof] . pxfFn
F ] of] If]q sfnfx a:g] If]q xf] To;}n] oxfF cGo
If]qsf] t'ngfdf kmf]xf]/, cJoj:yfh:tf] ePsf] b]vfpg'ePsf] lyof] .
oxfF s]xL sfnfx cf]ln{P / w]/} sfnfsfnLx r9] .
xfd|f] k5fl8 Ps hf]8L uf]/fx lyP . d slxn] lstfa k9\b,}
slxn] aflx/lt/ x]b,{} slxn] bLks;Fu s'/f ubf{ub}{ klg pgLxsf]
s'/fsfgLdf Wofg lbg] uy]+{ . pgLxsf] k|d
] fnfk, r'Dag, 7f cflb
ofqf:kz{

133

;'Gbf o'jfo'jtL xf]nfg\ eGg] 7fg]sf] lyPF . kl5 x]bf{ t pgLx

krf;eGbf dflysf pd]/sf kf] /x]5g\ .
s]/L eGg] 7fpFdf r'/f]6 vfg rfxg]xn] cf]ng{ ;Sg];d]t 3f]if0ff
u/]kl5 bLks cf]ln{of] . d PSn} lstfa k9]/ al;/x]sf] lyPF . ToxL
a]nf Pp6L df]6L sfnL s]6L cfOg\ / xfdL a;]sf] l;6dflysf] ;fdfg
/fVg] 7fpFdf ;fdfg /flvg\ . d}n] xfd|f] ;fdfg gePsf] / vfnL
ePsf]n] ;fdfg /fv]sf] xf]nf eGg] ;lDPF . t/ sfnL t ;fdfg
/fv]kl5 a:g nflug\ . d}n] xtfl/Fb} oxfF d]/f] ;fyL 5 eg]/ atfPF .
pgL] l/;fPh:tf] u/L cfFvf tb}{ cl3 g} eGg' kb}g{ elgg\ . Psl5gdf
km]l/ csL{ sfnL t?gL cfOg\, pgn] rflxF a:g'klxn] oxfF sf]xL 5 ls
eg]/ ;f]lwg\ / csf]l{] t/ nflug\ .
/]n u'8g\ yfln;s]sf] lyof] . k]ml/ csf]{ l6s6 hfFrsL cfP/
k|To]ssf] l6s6sf] afFsL cw{sL dfUb} x]g{ yfNof] . xfdLn] b]vfPkl5
s]xL cufl8 ePsf] /]:6'/G] 6df uP/ kfgL lsGg hfg vf]hF] . lgs}a/] b]lv
ltvf{ nflu/x]sf] lyof] / /]:6'/G] 6 k'Ug] l8Aaf cufl8sf] 9f]sf vf]Ng]
tl/sf klg x]//] l;ls;s]sf] lyPF . d 9f]sf vf]n/] leq k;]F . /]:6'/G] 6sL
;fx'gL sfpG6/df ga;]/ aflx/sf] s';L{df a;]sL lyOg\ . d sfpG6/
;fd' k'Ugf;fy pgn] clxn] l6s6 r]ls e}/x]sf] 5, of] ;lsPkl5
/]i6'/G] 6 v'nf ePsf] 3f]if0ff x'g5
] To;kl5 dfq cfpg' xf]nf eGb}, ;/L
elgg\ . d kms]/{ cfgf] l;6df cfP/ a;]+ . s]xLa]/df g} l6s6 hfFRg]
sfd ;lsPsf]n] /]:6'/G] 6 v'Nnf ePsf] 3f]if0ff eof] . d k]ml/ uPF /
h';x lsg]/ NofPF . aflx/ k;ndf kfOg] eGbf bf]Aa/ g} dxFuf] eP
klg ;'ljwf ePsf] 7fg]F .
/]n cfg} ultdf cufl8 al9/x]sf] lyof] . gy{ Sof/f]lngfsf]
/fhwfgL ofn] cfOk'Uof] . xfdL cfg} s'/fsfgLdf d:t lyof}F . vf;u/L
bLksn] SofDk; hLjgdf u/]sf /dfOnf t/ uNtLxsf /f]rs
;+:d/0fx ;'gfof] . d}n] g]kfndf PkmPd ;'? x'bF ftfsf sfd ubf{sf
ofgxsf /dfOnf s]xL 36gfx ;'gfPF . ;fFRr} g} /dfOnf nfU5g\,
134

ofqf:kz{

clxn] klg . Tolt a]nf d /flt b;b]lv afx| ah];Dd sfo{qmd rnfpyF .
To; a]nf s]xL ;|ft] fx lyP, hf] d}n] af]ns
] f hlt ;a} /]s8{ u/]/
dnfO{ g} ;'gfpFy,] sf]xL dfq cfjfhsf] e/df hLjgsf w]/} nfdf
af6fdf kfOtfnf ;fg{ vf]lh/xGy],sf]xL cfjfhs} e/df x[bosf] 9's9'sL
;'gfpg vf]Hy] . cfg} syf eP klg clxn] s'g} lbg k9]sf] syf jf
] f] rnlrqh:tf] nfU5 .
x]/s
/]n cs:dft /f]lsof] . xfd|f] ukm;Fu} xfdLn] Selma, Wilson
Rocky Mountain kf/ ul/;s]sf lyof}F . /]n hnsf] aLrdf /f]lsPsf]
lyof] . lsg /f]lsPsf] xf]nf < ;a} hgf lh1f;' lyP . ToxL a]nf
;a}nfO{ ;ts{ u/fpFb} 3f]if0ff eof] xfdL clxn] ;fpy elh{lgofsf]
cn]Sh]lGb|of k'us
] f 5f}F . s]xL cufl8sf] /]nsf] lnudf sfd eO/x]sf]n]
oxfF xfdL b; ldg]6 hlt /f]lsG5f}F . o;af6 kg{ uPsf] c;'ljwfsf]
nflu Ifdf rfxG5fF} .
/]ndf ofq'x /]:6'/G] 6 hfg], vfg]s/' f af]s/] cfpg], zf}rfno
hfg]cfpg]xsf] rxnkxn rln/x]sf] lyof] . /]n eP klg k"/}
xjfO{hxfhsf] h:t} ;'ljwf 5 . 3fd slnnf] aGb} uPsf] cg'ej
x'GYof] . 38Ldf tLg aHg nfUb} lyof] . vfg]s/' f lng bLks /]i6'/G] 6lt/
uof] . /]n k|foM hnsf] af6f] eP/ cufl8 al9/x]sf] lyof] . oxfFsf]
jftfj/0fk|ltsf] ;r]ttf / htf uP klg hn}hn b]Vbf crDd klg
nfUYof] . Ps lbg Ps hgf ldqn] eg]sf] lyof] . cd]l/sf olt 7"nf] 5
ls oxfF clxn] ePsf] hldgsf] k}tF L; k|ltzt dfq pkof]u ePsf] 5
/] . Soflnkmf]lg{of Pp6f /fHo dfq 5'lof] eg] ljZjsf] P3f/f}F 7"nf]
zlQmzfnL /fi6 x'g5
] /] . otf k|foM ;a} 3/x sf7sf] g} eP klg
cfgf] hn df:b}gg\ / ;a} d]lS;sf]af6 NofpF5g\ /] . clxn] klg
cd]l/sf;Fu krf; jif{nfO{ k'Ug] OGwg hu]8f 5 /] . cfgf] hlt ;a}
;'/lIft /fv]/ csf] dfq k|of]u ul//x]sf] 5 /] . wgL / ;DkGg /fi6n]
o:t} t u5{g\ lg . gq g]kfndf h:tf] kfFr ln6/ k]6f n
] lng lbgel/
df]6/;fOsn ;femf oftfoftsf] k]6f]nkDksf] nfOgdf /fVg'k/]sf]
kL8f s;/L ef]Ug ;sf];\ . g]kfnsf] h:tf] af6f], w'jfF, w"nf]sf] k|b"if0f,
ofqf:kz{

135

kfgLsf] xfxfsf/, aQLsf] cf73G6] nf]8;]l8 cd]l/sfsf] nflu

sNkgfeGbf 6f9fsf] sNkgf xf] . dnu|xdf a:tL a;fNg ;Sg] sNkgf
ug{ ;Snf, t/ o:tf] c;'ljwfsf] hLjg ;f]Rg klg ;Sb}gg\ . x'g klg
cd]l/sfsf ;Dk"0f{ dfG5]sf v'f eg]s} uf8L x'g\ . dfG5]lkR5] uf8L
gx'g] xf] eg] s;}n] klg ;dodf sfddf k'Ug ;Sb}gg\ . sfd gePkl5
;Dk"0f{ Joj:yf c:tJo:t eOxfN5 .
elh{lgofsf] lk6;au{ k'Ug'cl3 km]l/ cfwf 3G6f /]n /f]lsof] .
km]l/ klg hnsf] aLrdf g} /f]lsPsf] lyof] . clxn]rflxF csf]{ /]nsf]
nflu af6f] lbg'kg]{ cj:yf cfPsf]n] /f]lsg'kof] eGb} w}ot{ fsf] nflu
wGojfb klg elg/x]sf] lyof] . oxfF eg] w]/a} /] /f]lsPg . /]n u'l8/x]sf]
lyof] / xfdL jfl;\6gsf] glhs k'Ub} lyof}F+ . eg]sf] ;doeGbf Ps
3G6f l9nf] x'g] kSsf eO;s]sf] lyof] . jfl;\6g k'uk] l5 klg d]6f d
] f
Ps 3G6f hlt nfUYof] xfdL hfg] 7fpFdf .
l/rdG8 eGg] 7fpFg]/ k'Ug nfUbf Ps hgf a"9L cfOdfO{n]
/]:6'/G] 6 hfgnfO{ aGb ePsf] 9f]sf vf]Ng vf]lhg\ . an u/]/ b'O{ tLg
k6s tfg]/ vf]Ng vf]lhg\ t/ ;lsgg\ / kmls{Og\ . hals 9f]sfsf] b'O{
] f] lyof] . d}n] klg
7fpFdf vf]Ngsf] nflu oxfF lyRg'xf];\ eg]/ k|:6} n]vs
9f]sfcufl8 k'Ugf;fy ToxL b]v]/ lyr]sf] lyPF . crDd nfUof],
cd]l/sfh:tf] b]zdf klg lg/If/ dfG5] b]v/] . Ps}l5gdf csf]{ dfG5]n]
9f]sf vf]Ngf;fy xtf/xtf/ leq k;]sL lyOg\ tL a"9L .
Pedericksburg / Quantico eGg] 7fpFx sl6;s]kl5 kf]6f]Dofs

gbL c;fWo 7"nf] kdf b]lvof] . ;fFem emkSs} eO;s]sf] lyof] .

aflx/sf b[Zoxdf k|fs[lts kbf{ nflu;s]sf lyP . ;fFemsf] kf}g]
;ftlt/ xfdL jfl;\6g k'Ub}5f},F ToxfF /]:6'/G] 6 / zf}rfno k|of]u ug{
gkfOg] x'gfn] h;nfO{ h] cfjZos 5 Tof] k|of]u ul/xfNg cg'/f]w
uof] . To;kl5 b'j} 7fpFdf hfg] dfG5]xsf] rfk a9\g yfNof] .
s]xL ;dokl5 g} /]n /f]lsof] jfl;\6gsf] o'lgog :6]zgdf
k'u]/ . ToxfF cf]n{g]x ;a} hgf cf]n{gnfO{ p7]/ 9f]sflt/ nfOg
136

ofqf:kz{

nfUof}F t/ w]/a} /] ;Dd klg xfdLnfO{ aflx/ hfg lbOPg . ;a}n] rf;f]
/fv] . Ps hgf cfOdfO{sf] s]xL ;fdfg x/fPsf]n] ;Dk"0f{ ofq'xsf]
emf]nf hfFr ug]{ xf]nf eGg] xNnf eof] . t/ Ps}l5gdf la:tf/} xfdLnfO{
cf]ln{g eGof] . Ps hgf k'ln; s;}nfO{ x]b,{} s;}nfO{ ;f]Wb} lyof] .
:6];gdf cf]ln{Pkl5 d}n] Wofg nufP/ x]g{ yfn]
F k'ln;n] Ps hgf
dfG5]sf] xft]emf]nf vf]Nof] / b'Oj{ 6f ;'O6/h:tf ;;fgf n'uf lgsfNof] .
;Fu} a:g] a"9Ln] ToxL xf] eGb} lnOg\ . Tof] n'uf rf]g{] v}/n
] fO{ d}n]
lu|G;a/f]df g} b]vs
] f] lyPF . To;n] cfgf] emf]nf e'Od
F f /fv]/ vf]Nb}
s]xL lemSb} km]l/ leq /fVb} PSn} s/fO/x]sf] lyof] . Tof] b]v/] d}n]
bLksnfO{ eg]sf] klg lyPF Tof] dfG5] ax'nfh:tf] 5 eg]/ .
k'ln;n] Tof] dfG5];uF s'/f ul//x]sf] lyof] . xfdL cfgf] ;fdfg
lng] 7fpFlt/ uOxfNof}F . xfd|f ;'6s];x ljdfg:yndf h:t} 3'Db}
cfO;s]sf] lyof] . o'lgog :6];gdf c;fWo eL8 lyof] . xfdL xfd|f]
ef/Lef/L b'O{ b'Oj{ 6f ;'6s]; af]s/] /]8nfOg /]ndf r9\glt/ uof}F .
l6s6 lngsf] nflu d}n] ef8f ;f]w,F] Pshgf d]6f ] ;xof]uLn] ;ft
aHb}5, To;kl5 l6s6 lnFbf ;:tf] x'G5, s]xL ldg]6 kv{g;
' \ elgg\ .
b'O{ 8n/ c;L ;]G6sf] l6s6 ;ft aHgf;fy Ps 8n/ k}tF L; ;]G6df
d}n] lnPF . o;/L /]nsf] l6s6 lsGbf d]l;gdf k};f xfNg], l6s6
lgsfNg] cfkmF} ug'k{ 5{ . d]/f]rflxF s]xL k};f afFsL ePsf] Pp6f l6s6
lyof] elh{lgofdf a:bfsf] . To;d} s]xL yk]F . xfdL ef/L ;'6s];x;lxt
o'lgog :6];gaf6 Fortotten eGg] 7fpFdf cf]ln{of}F / km]l/ lu|gnfOgdf
r9\gsf] nflu bf}l8of}F . lu|gnfOgsf] /]naf6 prince Gerge Plaza df
cf]ln{of}F / km]l/ a; r9]/ Xofrlen cfOk'Uof}F . To; a]nf 38Ldf
/ftsf] ;f9] cf7 alh/x]sf] lyof] .

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;fg' zdf{
hGd M c;f/ @, ;f]daf/, yfkfynL, sf7df8f}+ .
afNosfn t/fO{sf /3'gfyk'/, hn]Zj/, hgsk'/ / g'jfsf]6df
lat]sf] . $) sf] bzsb]lv lg/Gt/ kdf n]vg . km'6s/ kdf
sljtf, syfx n]vg . oy]i6 dfqfdf sljtfx k|sflzt .
ljz]if cle?lr cfVofgdf . s[ltut kdf cw{lj/fd -@)^%_,
hLtsf] kl/efiff -@)^&_, cy{ -@)^*_ u/L tLg pkGof;x
k|sflzt . gf/L cl:dtf / ljb|fx] r]tsL n]lvsf .
Email: sanu.sharmaa@gmail.com

138

ofqf:kz{

ha d l;8\gL k'u]
Psfb]zdf=== ha klxnf] k6s l;8\gLdf hxfhaf6 cf]ny{] ,F] d
v"a lhlNnPy]F . cfsfz 5'g vf]Hg] ejgx ;kmf;'U3/, km/flsnf,
lrNnf ;8sxdf lgodsf ;fy Ps} xf/df ;'nn
' ' alu/x]sf df]6/
uf8Lx d]/f] lhlNng'sf] d'Vo sf/0f dfq lyPg . d t lhlNnPy]F
oxfFsf dflg;xsf] Jojxf/, af]nL / ;Eotf b]v/] .
/]nsf] 9f]sf v'nk] l5 Ps5]pdf pleP/ /]naf6 cf]ln{gx] nfO{
klxn] cf]ng{ lbP/ clg dfq /]ndf r9\g] c:6l] nogx, j[4, ue{jtL,
la/fdL / :jf:gL dflg;xsf] nflu l;6 5f]8/] pl7lbg] logLxsf]
;Eotf b]v/] cfkm}d
F f nlHht ePy]F d . sxfF d]/f] b]z hxfF wSsfd'Ssf
-Tof] klg hfgLhfgL, tfsLtfsL eL8ef8sf] kmfObf p7fP/ htf;'s}
xft xfNg kfOof];_\ tF5f8d5f8 ub}{ a;, 6\ofDkf]df r9\g] cf]ng{ ]
;+:sf/df x'ss
{] f xfdLx clg sxfF logLx
af6f]df sxLF cln 7"nf] emf]nf af]s/] lxFl8/x]sf kfsf pd]/sf
dfG5] x'g\ of aRrfsf] k|fd -aRrf u'8fpg] uf8L_ ;lxtsf :jf:gL
dfG5]x;Fu 8' o' lg8 c XofG8 < eGb} d2t ug{ cl3 a9\g] of km]l/
cf]OnfPsf] cg'xf/df ePsf cfFvf;Fu cfFvf h'Wbf cf/ o' cn/fO6 <
ofqf:kz{

139

eg]/ sf]dn :j/df ;f]w/] xflb{stf ckgfpg] logLxsf] ;Eotf b]v]F

dnfO{ xfd|f] b]zsf dfG5]x cem} c;Eo kfv] ;Eotfd} kf}l8/x]em}F
nfUof] . ;fFRr} clnslt ljgd| clnslt ;xof]uL / clnslt ;Eo
x'gsf nflu s'g} s/ ltg'{ kb{g} . km]l/ klg xfdLdf Tof] ;Eotf 5}g,
lsg < xftdf l8u|L, 7"nf] kf]:6sf] hflu/ / ;'6a'6n] dfq dflg;nfO{
;+:s[t l;sfpFbg} , of] d}n] l;8\gL cfP/ hfg]F .
oxfF d Pp6f gdL7f] cg'ej afF8g\ rfxG5 h'g d}n] # jif{cl3
kf]v/f ljdfg:yndf cg'ej u/]yF] . d hf]d;f]daf6 kmls{/x]yF] . xfO{
clN6Ro'6sf] sf/0f ;f; km]g{ c;'ljwf ePsf] sf/0f s]xL 3G6f hf]d;f]d
c:ktfndf latfpg'k/]sf] lyof] d}n] . kf]v/f cfOk'Ubf;Dd d]/f] xfnt
;'lw|P| sf] lyPg, d]/f] gfsaf6 cem} /ut alu/x]Yof] . ;f; km]g{ cem}
ufx|f] eO/x]Yof] . To;dfly d;Fu b'O{ j6f Aofu lyP . ;lsg;sL b'O{
j6f Aofu l3;fb},{ gfsaf6 alu/x]sf] /ut k'R5\b} d 6\ofS;Ltkm{
nlDs/x]yF] . ToxL ljdfg:ynsf] leQfdf c8]; nfu]/ kf]hsf ;fy
s]xL o'js plePsf lyP . d]/f] b'bz
{ f b]v/] pgLxsf] kf]hdf s'g}
cGt/ cfPg t/, ha d pgLx 5]paf6 x:ofkm:ofsf ;fy
pgLxn] l;6L ahfP/ e2f af]nL af]n/] d]/f] :jfut u/] . of] lyof],
d]/f] b]zsf] ;Eotf . ;x/ -kf]v/f ;fob sf7df8f}k+ l5 bf];f| ] of t];f| ]
;x/ dflgG5 g]kfnsf]_ sf hfg];'g]sf dflg;xsf] dgl:ylt /
Jojxf/ o:tf] 5 eg] ufpFsf clzlIft dflg;x;Fu s] ck]Iff ug{
;S5f}F xfdL < cfh PSsfO;f}F ztfAbLkl5 cfP/ klg xfd|f] b]zsf
o'jfx l;6\7L ahfP/ e2f, cZnLn Jojxf/ ug]{ dfgl;stfaf6
p7\g ;Sb}gg\ eg] s;/L k9]nv
] s
] f], ;'lzlIft / ;Eo ;dfhsf] c
dflgg ;S5 < d}n] of] klg eGg vf]hs
] f] xf]Og c\uh
]| L ljb]zL
;Eotfdf s'g} klg vf]6 5}g 5g, y'k}| ljs[lt 5g\ oxfF klg . t}klg
y'k}| cg's/0fLo rLhx o:tf 5g\ oxfF h'g xfdLn] a'em\g / l;Sg'
clt g} cfjZos 5, ckl/xfo{ 5 .
oxfF hf] klg b]vF] d}n] k|foM dflg;f/f lgld{t b]v,F] rfx] Tof]
140

ofqf:kz{

cSo'l/od xf];\ of df]gf] /]n -lkn/df p7fOPsf] lnsdf rNg] ;fgf]

On]lS6s /]n, h'g hldgdf geP/ hldgeGbf dfly sl/a @)@@
lkm6dfly rN5_ . ;]G6/ 6fj/sf] l/jlNe /]:6'/G] 6 xf];\ of An'dfpG6]gsf]
:sfOjfs . oxfF x/]s lrhdf dflg;sf] ldlxg]t / lbdfu emNsG5 .
oxfF k'/fgf yf]qf 3/, ;flnsxnfO{ x]l/6]h eg]/ ;Def/, ;+/If0f
u/]/ /flvG5, rfx] Tof] hf];s
' n
} ] agfPsf] xf];\ . t/ xfd|f] b]zsf] t s]
s'/f < b/af/ eTsfOG5, dlGb/ tf]8kmf]8 ul/G5, k'/fgf ;flnsx
l5GgleGg kfl/G5g\ . o:tf] nfU5 gfltkgflt;Dd k'Ubf g]kfnsf] Oltxf;
b;f{pg] s'g} Pp6f rLh ;Unf] /xg] 5}g . d a'em\g} ;lSbgF . b/af/,
dlGb/, ;flns, snf / l;h{gfsf] s'g} qmflGt, cfGbf]ng jf lj/f]wsf]
s] lng'lbg' < t/ xfd|f b]zsf dGba'l4, e|i6dlt ePsf g]tf / g]tT[ j
ju{nfO{ s;n] ;Demfcf];\ of] s'/f agfpg', hf]8g\ ' ;Def/ tyf ;+/If0f
ug'{ hLjg xf] eg]eTsfpg', laufg',{ gf:g' ljgfz xf] .
v / xl/of]kl/of] hnn] 3]l/Psf] c:6l] nofdf vf;u/L l;8\gLdf
cfgf] cfFugsf] v sf6\g sfplG;n -j8f gu/kflnsf_ sf] ;xdlt
rflxG5, h'g a8f] d'l:snn] kfOG5 t/ xfd|f] b]zdf /ftf/ft ;f/f
hn kmfF8g\ s;}sf] cg'dlt rflxFbg} . To;}n] t sxLF st} hn,
xl/of]kl/of]sf] gfdf]lgzfg e]fOFbg} cr]n .
x'g t 7"nf wgL ;DkGg b]zxsf] :jk, lgod, sfg'g, Joj:yf
;a} p:t}p:t} x'G5 ;fob . t/, d}n] b]vs
] f], cg'ej u/]sf] c:6]l nof
cem} egf},F l;8\gLsf] s]xL cg'el" t afF8g\ rfxG5' . gf]eD] a/, l8;]Da/,
hgj/L, km]jc
'| /L udL{ x'g] ;do . emg\ l8;]Da/ t dWo udL{ . ljZjdf
oxL Pp6f o:tf] dxfb]z xf], hxfF lqm;d;sf] ;do;d]t lxpF kb}g{ .
l;8\gLdf t emg\ lxpF g} kb}g{ . xfjf rn]/ kfgL k/] lr;f] eOxfN5
clg 3fd nfUg]lalQs} km]l/ pvdf{pnf] udL{ . udL{df udL{ dfq eO/xG5,
hf8f]df hf8f] g} eO/xG5 eg]/ 7f]sj' f ug{ ;lsFbg} . emg\ d]nag{df
t Ps} lbgdf rf/j6f df};d cg'ej ug{ ;lsG5 . c:6]l nofnLxnfO{
lr;f], cFWof/f], kfgL k/]sf] lbg k|foM dg kb}g{ . pgLx 3fd rs]s
{ f]
ofqf:kz{

141

lbg ;d'bs
| f] lsgf/fdf 3fd tfk]/ latfpg dg k/fpF5g\ . kfgLsf]
5]p -jf6/ k|mG6_ hnsf] glhssf] 3/ logLxsf] klxnf] k|fyldstfdf
k5{, a;f]af;sf] nflu . 5'lsf] lbg logLx kf6L{ u/]/, 3'd/] , lao/
lkP/ latfpF5g\ . g]kfndf t #^% lbgdf ;fob !^% lbg aGb,
x8tfn x'G5 . km]l/ ;fj{hlgs labf -b;},F ltxf/, tLh_ x'G5 t/, oxfF
k"/f jif{el/df hDdf (!) lbg ;fj{hlgs labf k5{ -lqm;\d;, Oi6/
/fgLsf] hGd lbg ;a} ldnfP/_ . To;}n] logLx oL nfdf 5'Lx
s'//] a:5g\ . clg kl/jf/ lnP/ 3'Dg lg:sG5g\ . olb of] ;fj{hlgs
labf zlgaf/ of cfOtaf/ kof] eg] 5'L ;f]daf/ x'G5, lsgls
zlgaf/ / cfOtaf/ t o;} 5'L x'G5 . h:t}M /fgLsf] hGdlbg zlgaf/
k/] c:6l] nog ;/sf/sf] tkm{af6 ;f]daf/ 5'L x'G5 . dtnj, n
ljs PG8 -nfdf] ;KtfxGt_ c:6l] nofnLxsf] kf6L{df k|foM kf]ns
] f]
df;' -afa{So"_ sf] afx'Notf x'G5 -ufO{, e]8f, v;L, aFbn
] , s'v/' f, ;'uF /'
/ sf?sf] df;' oxfF lsGg kfOG5, t/ c:6l] nofnLx k|foM ufO{, e]8f
/ s'v/' f a9L k|of]u u5{g_\ .

;+If]kdf c:6]l nof

cf7j6f 6]/6] /Ldf ljeflht c:6l] nofsf] Pp6f 6]/6] /L Go' ;fpy
j]N; -NSW) g} g]kfneGbf sd;]sd ;f9] kfFr u'0ff 7"nf] 5 . x'g t
d}n] l;} c:6l] nof 3'Dg EofPsL t 5}g, vfnL leS6f]/Lofsf] d]njg{,
lSjG;NofG8 (Queensland) sf] uf]N8sf]:6 / Soflk6n l;6L, Sofgj];sf]
5f]6f] e|d0f ug{ EofPsL x'F t/, 3'Dg EofPhlt ;a}df d]/f] dg
kg]r
{ flxF l;8\gL g} k5{ .
Go';fpy j]N;M o;sf] If]qkmn sl/a *,)@,))) :Sjfo/ lsnf]
ld6/ 5 . hxfF sl/a &! nfv tL; xhf/ dflg; a;f]af; ub{5g\,
l;8\gL o;sf] /fhwfgL ;x/ xf] . of] 6]/]6/L ;a}eGbf hg3gTj
dflgG5 . l;8\gLdf d'VotM lrlgofF n]aggL, leotgfd]nLxsf] afx'Notf
5 . To;f] t l;} c:6l] nofdf leGgleGg hflt / /sf dflg;x b]Vg
kfOG5 . t/, l;8\gLdf c b]zaf6 a;fO{;
+ /fO u/L cfpg]x cGtsf]
142

ofqf:kz{

t'ngdf w]/} 5g\ . g]kfnL, ef/tLox, lkmlnlkgL, kfls:tfgL, ckmufgL,

O6fnLogx, clk|msfnLx, sf]l/ofnL a9L 5g\ . cfk|jf;Lx ;x/
s]lGb|t 5g\ . cflbjf;L Paf]l/lhgneGbf a9L 5g\ cfk|jf;Lx .
l;8\gLsf] bz{gLo 7fpFxM cf]k/fxfp; ;g\ !(&# df agfpg
;'? ul/Psf] xf] . of] cb\et" ejgn] cfgf] 5'} P]ltxfl;s dxj
;d]6s
] f] 5 . xfa{/df 9flsPsf] of] ejgdf sG;6{ xn, lyP6/, :6'l8of]x
5g\ . cf]k/fxfp;df k'u/] kmf]6f] glvrfP;Dd ;fob s;}sf] c:6l] nof
e|d0f k"/f x'bF g} .
xfj{/ la|hM l;8\gLsf] gy{:j/ / Oi6, j]:6nfO{ hf]8g\ ] chsf]
P]ltxfl;s k'n OlGhlgol/ / snfsf] cb\et" gd'gf xf] xfa{/ la|h .
o;sf] nDafO !,!$! ld6/ / rf}8fO $! ld6/ 5 . !(@# df ;'? eP/
!(#@ df tof/ ePsf] lyof] . of] k'ndf Ps} k6sdf ^ j6f uf8L a;,
b'O{ nfOg 6g] / k}bnofqL lxF8g\ ] n]g -sl/a !) n]g_ 5g\ . of] k'nsf]
x]/] ljrf/, dd{t;Def/sf] nflu jif{el/df sl/a % ldlnog 8n/ vr{
x'g] ub{5 . x/]s jif{ o;df / -kmnfddf lvof nfUgaf6 arfpgsf
nflu_ nufpg s}of}F dflg;sf] ldlxg]t nfUb5 . elgG5, Psftkm{af6
/ nufpg ;'? u/]/ csf]{ 5]p;Dd k'Ubf ;'? u/]sf] 5]pdf km]l/ /
nufpg] a]nf eO;S5 . clg oxL qmd jiff+b}{ l] v rln/x]5 . ljZjdf of]
k'n dflg;f/f lgld{t cb\et" l;h{gfsf] kdf rlr{t 5 .
8fln{ xfj{/M xfdLn] 8fln{ xfj{/nfO{ y'k}| lxGbL l;g]df -lbn
rfxtf x}, x]nf] a]aL cflb_ df b]lv;s]sf 5f}F . l;g]dfsf] b[Zoh:t}
dxs b]lvg] of] 7fpFdf k|foM eL8ef8 g} /xG5 . ljz]if u/L ;fFemdf
aflx/af6 3'Dg cfPsf clg oxLFsf :yfgLo hf]8Lxsf] rxnkxnn]
of] 7fpFnfO{ Jo:t agfpF5 . /]:6'/]G6 k|foM eL8n] el/Psf] x'G5 .
cfOEofS; lyP6/, cufl8sf] xfj{/, 7"n7"nf kfgLhxfh cfpFbf aLraf6
b'O{ efudf ljeflht x'g] k'n, kfgLsf kmf]xf]/fx, km"n, au}r
F f, kfs{n]
;';lHht of] 7fpFdf s'g} g s'g} hd36 / sfo{qmdx eOg} /x]sf]
x'G5 .
ofqf:kz{

143

An'dfpG6]gM c:6l] nofnLxsf nflu ljz]if dflgg] of] 7fpFdf

klxnf] k6s k'Ubf d}n] 5]pdf plePsf] c:6l] nofnL;Fu ;f]wy]
F] s] xf]
oxfFsf] ljz]iftf < p;n] uj{k0" f{ efjn] s]xL k/ nx/} p7]sf tLgj6f
y'Dsfx b]vfpFb} eg]Yof] y|L l;:6;{ . clg d}n] lhlNFnb} eg]yF] a; <
d]/f] b]zdf o:tf sofF} y|L l;:6;{ dfq xf]Og, ;]eg] , 6]g, 6'jN] e
l;:6f;{ 5\of;5\of:tL b]Vg kfOG5 .
cn] h] eg] klg d}n] b]vs
] f] An'dfpG6]gsf] ljz]iftf lyof],
ToxfFsf] ;/;kmfO Joj:yf, ;+/If0f/]vb]v clg ;;fgf rLhxsf]
klg Jofvf u/]/ s'lF bPsf] kf6Lx . dgf]/d b[Zo . cfFvfn] EofP;Dd
b]lvg] hn . :sfO{ jfs .
c klg y'k}| y'k}| x]g,{ 3'Dgnfos 7fpF 5g\ oxfF h;dWo] s}of}d
F f
t d g} k'Ug ;s]sf] 5}g . t/ klg x]gk{} g]{ yk s]xL 7fpFx klg 5g\ .
xG6;{ EofnLM jfOg/L / rLhsf] nflu k|Voft 5 of] 7fpF .
o;}u/L b OG6;, lsofdf, g]N;g j], h]gf]nf s]e, cSof]l/od, Do'lhod
ckm sG6]Dk//L cf6{, g];gn cf6{ Uofn/Ln] klg l;8\gLsf] dxj,
;'Gb/tf, P]ltxfl;stfsf >[f/n] logLxnfO{ ;hfpF5g\ . c:6l] nof
l8;se/, ;jdl/g kfgLdf v]lng] :kf]6x{ , kfgLhxfhxsf] af/]df
k"0f{tM tYo atfpg] ;\ux| fno xf] . To:t} ;]G6/ 6fj/sf] l/jlNj
/]:6'/G] 6, :sfO{jfs, t?fh', af]G8fO jLr, qmgfnf jLr, s'hL jLr,
EofGnL jLr, kfd jLrx emg} dGqd'Uw t'Nofpg] vfnsf 5g\ .
;d'bs
| f] sdL gePsf] of] b]zdf jLrx t slt 5g slt t/,
oL s]xL ljz]iftf /fVg] jLrx dfq pNn]v u/]sf] 5' oxfF .
csf]{ Pp6f 7fpF 5 hxfF d af/Daf/ k'u,F] Tof] xf] ldG6f]sf] d'lQm,
u'Kt]Zj/ dxfb]jsf] dlGb/ . /d0fLo :yfgdf cjl:yt of] dlGb/sf]
lznfGof; >L % bLk]Gb| jL/ljqmd zfxb]jaf6 ePsf] lyof] . o;}sf]
5]pdf csf]{ lzjdlGb/ klg 5 . d'lQm u'Kt]Zj/nfO{ g]kfnLsf] dlGb/
dflgG5 . g]kfnL k'hf/Lf/f k"hfcr{gf ul/g] of] dlGb/df ljjfx,
144

ofqf:kz{

j|taGw, Gjf/g -g]kfnL k/Dk/fcg';f/_ eO/xg] ub{5 . To;f] t oxfF

ef/tLo lkmhL OlG8ogxsf] klg ljjfx eO/x]sf] b]lvG5 . of] dlGb/df
lxGb"xsf] 7"n} cf:yf b]lvG5 . dlGb/ ;+:yfks / Joj:yfks >L k|d
]
ld> / >LdtL /df ld>sf] cys kl/>d / cf:yfsf] kl/0ffd of]
d'lQm u'Kt]Zj/ dxfb]jdlGb/ Ps lsl;dn] t]xf| F} Hof]ltln{ dflgG5 .
l;8\gLsf leqL hghLjg / ;f+:s[lts kIfxsf] lj:tf/ ug{
csf]{ /rgf n]Vg ;lsG5 . To:t} cGthf{tLo ;+:s[lt / ;x/L ;Eotfsf]
cGo /rgf sf]g{ g;lsg] xf]Og . l;8\gL ;'Gb/tf, ;Eotf / ;f+:s[lts
lqj]0fLsf] ;d dfg]sL 5' d}n] .

ofqf:kz{

145

;'dns'df/ u'?

hGd M !& hgj/L, kf]v/f .

w]/} lgofqf / n]v/rgfx k|sflzt .
;dfh;]jfdf ljz]if ?lr .
a]nfotdf /x] klg g]kfn / g]kfnLsf] klxrfgsf lglDt sfo{/t .
d]/f] o's] 86 sddf cfa4 .
xfnM a]nfot
Email: sumalgurung@gmail.com

146

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Kf]l/; e|d0fsf] cg'el" t

hLjg

;fFRr} g} ;'Gb/ x'G5, csf]{ cy{df hLjgnfO{ a'em\ g]

b[li6sf]0f ;'Gb/ / ;sf/fTds x'gk' 5{ . d}n] w]/} klxn] cf]:s/ cjf8{
ljt/0f ;df/f]x l6eLdf x]/s
] f] lyPF . kxnL kbf{sf l;g]snfsf/x
/ o; u|xsf gfd'b ;]lna]|6Lxsf] hd36n] ;wF} cf]:s/ cjf8{
;df/f]x clt g} /f]df~rs / dgf]/~hgfTds x'g] ub{5 . To; jif{
ljb]zL efiffsf] rnlrqxdf cf]:s/ cjf8{sf] gf]ldg];gdf g]kfnL
rnlrq Sof/fefg klg k/]sf] lyof] . o;n] ubf{ dnfO{ klg Tof]
;df/f]xsf] k|;f/0f l6eLdf x]g]{ OR5f hfu]sf] lyof] . ljb]zL
rnlrqx;Fusf] k|lt:kwf{df Sof/fefgn] cjf8{ kfcf];\ / g]kfnL
efiffsf] rnlrqn] Pp6f gofF cfofd yKff];\ eGg] cfzf u/]sf] lyPF
t/, cjf8{rflxF O6fnLsf] rnlrq nfOkm Oh Ao'6Lk'mnn] k|fKt uof] .
bf];f| ] ljZjo'4tfsf hd{gLn] ox'bLxnfO{ SofDkdf aGbL agfOPsf]
syfdf cfwfl/t rnlrqdf sl7gfOleqaf6 g} ;'Gb/ hLjgsf] hGd
x'G5 eGg] ;Gb]z cToGt ;'Gb/ 9n] k|:t't ul/Psf] lyof] .
of] ljb]zL, O6fnL efiffsf] rnlrqn] hLjgnfO{ ;'Gb/tfsf]
Bf]ts dfGb} hLjg lhpg] k|/] 0ff ;a}nfO{ lbPsf] lyof] . xfdLn] s'g}
s'/fdf c;kmn eofF} eg] c;kmntfsf] sf/0f e/;s s]xL sf/0fx
ofqf:kz{

147

dfly yf]kfg]{ ub{5f}F . t/, jf:tjdf sf/0f xfdL :jod\ g} xfF} . xfdL
;wF} hLjgdf s'g} g s'g} lx;faaf6 ;\3if{/t /xG5fF} . of] Pp6f
hLjg ef]ufOsf] qmlds l;nl;nf xf] h;nfO{ xfdLn] cfcfg} kf/fn]
x]5f+{} . k|To]s knsf] sl7gfOleqsf] ;'Gb/tfnfO{ a'em\ g ;Sg'k5{ eGg]
d]/f] ljrf/ xf] . hLjgsf] k|To]s kf6fnfO{ ;d]6b\ } hfFbf ;a}eGbf klxn]
hLjgsf] cl3 a9\g] klxnf] sbd cfgf] ;fgf] kl/jf/af6 g} ;'? x'g]
ub{5 . xfdL ToxL kl/jf/sf] dfofdf]x, :g]x, ;'vb'vleqsf] bfo/fleq
g} bu'l//x]sf x'G5fF} .
o;/L hLjg kl/jf/sf] bfo/fleq bu'l//x]sf] cj;/df aflx/
lgofNg] xfdLnfO{ k'm;{b klg xFb' g} . d]/f] hLjgsf] ;]/f]km]/f] klg ToxL
kl/jf/sf] bfo/feGbf aflx/ slxNo} k'mTs]gg\ . d]/f] sfFwdfly ;wF}
7"nf] lhDd]jf/Lsf] dx;'; eO/xGYof] / lhDd]jf/L ;lsg] / o;af6
s]xL ;dosf] nflu eP klg pDsg] km';b{ slxNo} lgsfNg ;s]sf]
lyOgF . oltsf pd]/;Dd b]zljb]z 3'ldof], s}of}F /fi6xdf sfd
ul/of] t/, tL ;a} afWotfsf] kl/lwleq ;d]l6Psf hLjgsf
lqmofsnfkx lyP . utjif{sf] cGtdf d]/f hLjgkL au}r
F fdf k'mn]sf
b'O{ hgf ;Gtfgxn] xfd|f] j}jflxs hLjgsf] #)cf}F jif{ufF7sf] cj;/df
xfdLnfO{ ;/k|fOh lbFb} r9fOPsf] ;f}uft clxn]sf] !@ lbg] o'/f]k
e|d0f lyof] .
cfg} :g]x / dfofn] x'sf{Psf oL b'O{ hgf ;Gtfgn] xfd|f]
cg'e"ltnfO{ dx;'; u/]sf /x]5g\ . xfdLnfO{ :jR5, :jtGq eP/
o'/f]k e|d0f ug]{ pkxf/ lbPsf lyP / olt a]nf d}n] of] o'/f]k e|d0fsf]
ofqf ;+:d/0fnfO{ cfj/0f lbFb} n]Vb}5' . 5f]/f5f]/Ln] lqm;d;sf] cj;/
kf/]/ e|d0fsf] clu|d a'ls u/]sf /x]5g\ t/, Tolt a]nf o'/f]ksf]
slqmg] hf8f]df e|d0f /dfOnf] gx'g] x'gfn] dfr{ dlxgfsf] !* b]lv @(
tfl/v;Dd e|d0fdf hfg] sfo{qmd ldnfPsf lyofF} .
d]/L >LdtLn] o;/L e|d0fsf] clu|d a'ls yfxf g} glbO{ lsg
u/]sL < eg]/ 5f]/LnfO{ ;f]Wbf 5f]/Ln] eg]sL lyOg\, tkfO+x{ n] xfd|f]
148

ofqf:kz{

nflu dfq b'Mv ug'x{ G' 5 cfgf] af/]df slxNo} ;f]Rg' x'Gg===ca of]
e|d0f tkfO{+x b'O{ hgf 9'Ss / :jR5Gb eP/, ;a} rLh e'n]/
cfglGbt x'bF } e|d0f ug]{ xf], of] xfd|f] a'afcfdfk|ltsf] cfb/ hgfpg]
klxnf] sbd / s;/L v';L agfpg] eGg] ;fgf] k|of; xf] eGg] zAbx
xsaf6 kmf]gdf eGbf >LdtLn] cfFvfaf6 xif{sf cfF;x' a///
v;fOg\ / dnfO{ elgg\, aRrfxnfO{ ;fg} b]V5' d t/, kfsf], a'em\ g]
eO;s]sL /lxl5g\ d]/L 5f]/L eGb} tf}lnofn] cfF;' k'R5\b} dnfO{ kmf]gdf
5f]/L;Fu af]Ng kmf]g lbPsL lyOg\ .
hLjg slxn]sxLF efjgfTds v';Lsf] nx/ aGb} 5rlNsG5 .
d}n] aRrfnfO{ wGojfb lbFb} czLjf{b lbPsf] lyPF . xfd|f] of] e|d0f
;ftj6f /fi6xsf] !@ lbg] e|d0f lyof] . aRrfxsf] xfdLk|ltsf]
cg'el" t / >4f b]v/] o; 38L dnfO{ hLjgbz{g ;'vsf] >f]t /
cg'kd j/bfg 7fGb} klxnf]rf]l6 hLjgsf] ;'Gb/tfnfO{ glhsaf6
lrofpFb} 5' .
!& dfr{ @)!! sf] lbg;Dd xfdLn] ;a} e|d0fdf n}hfg] ;fdu|Lx,
sk8fx Kofs ul/;s]sf lyofF} . Pp6f l8lh6n Sofd]/f, XoflG8Sofd
lel8cf] Sofd]/f / ;ftj6f Sof;]6x tof/ kf/l;s]sf] lyPF . ;ft
j6f Sof;]6 ;ft j6f /fi6sf] nflu eg]/ lsg]sf] lyPF . xfdLn] ljz]if
zlgaf/ / cfOtaf/sf] 5'Lsf] lbgdf g} tof/ kf/]sf lyof}F . lbgf
!* dfr{ @)!! laxfg ;f9] ^ ah] p7\ofF} / l5} tof/ eofF} . Pp6f
aQL afNofF,} ;fOtdf lxF8g\ c
' l3 cfgf] cf/fWob]jnfO{ k"hf u/]/ xfdL
;jf ;ft ah] 3/af6 Sofgf8fjf6/, nG8gsf nflu lxF8o\ fF} . xfd|f]
ofqf Sofgf8fjf6/af6 ;'? x'g] lyof] . d]/f] 3/ rfn{6g nG8gdf 5 .
3/af6 Sofgf8fjf6/ @) ldg]6df k'luG5 .
Sofgf8fjf6/af6 PS;kft PS;Knf]/ sDkgLsf] sf]raf6 xfdL
;ftj6f /fi6sf nflu 7Ls ;ft ah]/ %% ldg]6 hfFbf k|:yfg uofF} .
xfdLeGbf klxn] g} ;a} e|d0fsf/Lx sf]rdf al;;s]sf /x]5g\ .
e|d0fsf] af/]df 6'/ ufO8, ;dL sf]6;
\ -d]/L 5f]/Lsf] gfd ;dL;Fu
ofqf:kz{

149

ldNg] gfd_ n] 6'/sf] af/]df ;'/Iff / uGtAosf] af/]df xfF:b} eGb}

lyOg\ . laxfgsf] ;do ePklg Tolt hf8f] lyPg . 3/af6 lxF8b\ f
3/df ef8fdf a:g] uug efOn] z'esfdgf lbFb} labf u/]sf lyP .
cln l9nf] xf]nfh:tf] ePsf]n] af6f]df PS:kft PS;Knf]/sf HofsnfO{
kmf]g u/]sf] lyPF t/, xfdL ;dodf g} k'us
] fn] xfd|f] ofqf k"jl{ gwf{l/t
;doeGbf % ldg]6 klxn] lxF8s
] f lyof}F . Pp6f gofF pd lnP/ xfdL
gofF uGtJolt/ nflu/x]sf lyof}F . To;} a]nf xsaf6 5f]/Lsf] kmf]g
cfof] . xfdLeGbf a9L 5f]/L v';L / pT;flxt lyOg\ . ofqfdf ;ts{
/xgsf] nflu eGb} lyOg\ . >LdtLn] 5f]/LnfO{ czLjf{b lbOg\ km]l/ To;}
a]nf sfG5f afaf, n]]l6g]G6 l/6fo/ bfgaxfb'/n] k~rf;] ;dfh,
o'ss
] f] ldl6df cfpg]af/] ;f]Wb} lyP t/, d cfkm" e|d0fdf ePsf]
x'gfn] kl5 s'/f u/f}n
F f eg]/ s'/fsf] la6 df/] .
xfd|f] uf8L cfgf] /tf/df blIf0fk"j{ nG8g x'bF } 8f]e/lt/ u'l8/x]sf]
lyof] . uf8L lxF8s
] f] s]xL If0fkl5 e|d0fsf/L cfcfgf Sofd]/f lgsfNb}
b[Zox Vfrfvr lvRg yfn]sf lyP . csfzdf afbn lyof] / kfgL
knf{h:tf] b]lvg yfNof] . lbg pHofnf] ePsf] eP 8f]e/ cjl:yt
XjfO6lSnkm s]xLa]/ x]g{] / kmf]6f]x lvRg] s'/f ufO8n] u/]sL lyOg\ .
8f]e/ glhlsFb} lyof], >LdtLn] ;f]Wb} lyOg\ . xfd|f] uf8L 6gnaf6 hfg]
xf] ls hxfhaf6 hfg] xf] eg]/ ;f]lwg\ . d}n] xfdL ca 7"nf] hxfhdf
r9]/ O\ln; Rofgn kf/ ug]5
{ f}F / uf8L klg ToxL hxfhdf nf]8 u/]/
kfl/ Sofn]Odf -k|mfG;sf] aGb/ufx_ hfg]5fF} .
o:t} s'/fx ul//xFbf 8f]e/ klg cfOk'Uof] . ;a} hgfsf] kf;kf]6{
/ ;"rgf ljj/0f eg]{ ;fgf] ln:6df cfgf] ljj/0fx e/]/ nfda4
eof}F / s]xL If0fkl5 Oldu|];g gf3]/ xfdL hxfhtkm{ ;a} hgf
uO/x]sf lyofF} . l:kl/6 ckm la|6| g] gfds hxfhaf6 r9]/ xfdL clxn]
k|mfG;tkm{ nflu/x]sf lyof}F . hxfhsf] ^ tNnfdf uP/ lj>fd ug]{
7fpFdf a:of}F . hxfhleq 8\o6' L lk|m ;dfgx lyP t/, xfdLn] s]xL
lnPgfF} . aflx/ l;dl;d kfgL kl//x]sf] lyof], To;}n] b[Zox ;kmf
b]lv/x]sf] lyPg . ;d'bd
| f 5fnx s]xL pQ]lht ePemF} k|tLt x'GYof],
150

ofqf:kz{

t/ leq a;]sfxnfO{ hxfh rln/x]sf] cg'el" t eO/x]sf] lyPg . d

;f]lr/x]sf] lyPF, oxL Olnz Rofgn kf/ u/]/ cfheGbf @)))
jif{klxn] /f]dgxn] a]nfotdf r9fO u/]/ s}of}F ztfAbL;Dd zf;g
u/]sf lyP . oxL Rofgnsf] jfl/kfl/ /x]sf b'O{ b]zx, a]nfot /
k|mfG;n] ;ojif]{ o'4x n8]sf lyP . o:t} oxL O\ln; Rofgnn]
af]ss
] f Oltxf;x ;f]Rb} Rofgn kf/ ul//x]sf lyofF} . XjfO6lSnkm
cfFvfaf6 cf]em]n x'bF } uof] . clxn] d 6f9f6f9f lIflth;Dd ;d'b| g}
;d'b| b]lv/x]sf] 5' . cfheGbf nfvfF} jif{klxn] k|mfG; / a]nfotsf] e"
efu hf]l8Psf] lyof] elgG5 t/ kl5 k[YjL kl/jt{g x'g] qmddf aLrsf]
e"efu wl;P/ of] Rofgnsf] lgdf{0f ePsf] xf] eGg] e"ue{ljb\xsf]
7x/ 5 .
hxfhleq g} a'l9ofn] yd{;df nu]sf] skmL lkof}F . 8f]e/sf]
XjfO6lSnkm df};d /fd|f] gePsf]n] xfdLn] w]/} kmf]6f] lnPsf lyPgf}F .
d}n] k|To]s 7fpFsf] lel8cf] /]s8{ / kmf]6f]x lvRg 5f]8s
] f] lyOgF .
xfdL olt a]nf Psbd} v';L lyof}F / ;+;f/sf efUo;fnLxdWo] xfdL
klg efUodfgL /x]5fF} eGg] efg eO/x]sf] lyof] .
o; ;donfO{ cfgGbdoL / ;+:d/0fLo agfpgsf nflu xfdL
cToGt pT;'s lyof}F . clxn] gofF 7fpF, gofF uGTfJolt/ uO/x]sf
lyof}F . O\ln; Rofgn kf/ ug{c
' l3 s]xLa]/sf nflu 8f]e/df a;]sf
lyof}F Tolt a]nf e|d0fsf ;fyLxn] ljb]zL k};f, o'/f] / l:j; k|m]
;6xL u/]sf lyP t/, d}n] klxn] g} nG8gdf ;f6]/ NofPsf] lyPF .
o'/f]k]nL /fi6xdf -o'/f]lkog o'lgogcGt/ut kg]{_ a]nfot /
l:j6\h/NofG8afx]s ;a} /fi6df o'/f] s/]G;Lsf] k|of]u ul/G5 .
l:j6\ h /NofG8 o' / f] l kog o' l gogcGtu{ t sf] /fi6 d f kb{ } EfmG8}
;jf3G6fleq xfdL O\ln; Rofgn kf/ u/]/ k|mfG;sf] aGb/ufx Sofn]Odf
k'Uof}F . klxnf]rf]l6 k|mfG;sf] wtL{df kfOnf 6]sF] . df};d clxn] /fd|f]
ePsf] lyof] .
Ps b'O{ lbgkl5 df};d ;kmf /xg] ;"rgfn] xfdL v';L lyofF} .
xfdL clxn] la:tf/} e|d0f 6f]nLsf ;fyLx;Fu e\moflDFdb} lyofF} . !#
ofqf:kz{

151

j6f /fi6xaf6 #$ hgfsf] 7"nf] e|d0f 6f]nL Pslqt eP/ ;ftj6f

/fi6xsf nflu xfdL e|d0f ul//x]sf lyofF} . a]nfot 5f8]/ k|mG] r
e"lddf sf]r cfgf] /tf/df u'l8/x]sf] lyof] . xfdLnfO{ cfh k]l/;sf]
kmf]/:] 6lxn xf]6ndf a:g] aGbf]a:t 6fen Ph]G;Ln] ldnfPsf] lyof] .
k|mfG;sf hldg klg dnfO{ a]nfotsf] h:t} nfUof] t/, ;dyn /
pAhfpsf] lx;fadf dnfO{ k|mfG;]nL e"ld cem /fd|f] nflu/x]sf] lyof] .
af6f]x ;a} p:t} a]nfotsf h:tf ;kmf / km/flsnf b]lvGy] . ;8s
af6f] k/ lIflth;Dd ufpFx Psgf;sf 3/xn] ;lhPsf b]Vof}F .
3fd sf]N6] kl/;s]sf] lyof] . uf8L cfgf] uGtJonfO{ gfKb} cl3 a9\b}
lyof] .
ufO8n] k]l/;sf] af/]df eGg nflug\ / ;ft ah] /flt k]l/;sf]
Pp6f dxjk"0f{ luhf{3/ :ofs/]Rof]/ / jl/kl/sf /]8nfO6 If]q 3'dfpg]
k|fu] f| d atfPsL lyOg\ t/, o;df OR5f x'gx] nfO{ dfq eg]sL lyOg\ .
xfdLnfO{ /]8nfO6 If]qsf] dxj lyPg t/, P]ltxfl;s luhf{3/ x]g{]
/x/ eg] dgdf knfPsf] lyof] .
kf}g] ^ ah]lt/ xfdL k|]dLxsf] ;'Gb/ k]l/; ;x/sf] afXo
efudf k|j]z uof}F . df]6/sf] 6flkms nG8gsf] eGbf a9L ePsf]
ktLt eO/x]sf] lyof] . 7"n7"nf ejgx;Fu;Fu} k'/fgf] Oltxf; af]ss
] f
ejgxnfO{ gfb} xfdL a]n'sL ;jf ^ ah] kmf]/]:6lxn xf]6ndf
k'UofF} . k]l/; ;x/nfO{ lx6n/n] sAhf ubf{ s'g} n8fOF ug{'k/]sf]
lyPg . To;} sf/0f Wj+;fTds adx Kf]l/;df v;fpg'k/]sf] lyPg .
bf]:f|f] ljZjo'4df k]l/; ;x/ v08xf/ x'ga' f6 ar]sf]n] oxfF b'O{ xhf/
jif{bl] vsf] Oltxf; af]ss
] f ejgx 5g\ .
!* dfr{ @)!!sf] ;fFemkv xfdL k]l/;sf] :tflngu|fbb]lv s]xL
k"jk{ l cjl:yt kmf]/:] 6lxn xf]6ndf cfOk'Uof}F . o; xf]6ndf xfdLn]
b'O{ /ft laTffpg' lyof] . k]l/; ;x/sf] If]qleq k|jz
] ug]l{ alQs} 6'/
ufO8, ;dLn] k]l/;af/] ;+lIfKt hfgsf/L lbPsL lyOg\ / a]ns
' Lsf]
l8g/kl5 xf]6nsf] glhssf] ;]S/]Rof]/ luhf{3/ / To;If]qaf6 5]pdf
152

ofqf:kz{

kg]{ k]l/;sf] /]8nfO6 If]q x]g{ rfxg]xnfO{ ;f9] ;ft ah] tof/ eP/
l/;]K;g Pl/ofdf e]6g\ ] s'/f eg]sL lyOg\ .
k]l/; ;x/sf] af/]df w]/} ;'gs
] f] / k9]sf] lyPF . k]l/; x]g{] /x/
k"/f eO/x]sf] lyof] . t/, a]ns
' L clncln l;dl;d kfgL kl//x]sf]
x'gfn] cln c;xh dx;'; eO/x]sf] lyof], k]m/L klg k]l/; ;x/ 3'Dg]
k|an OR5f / k]l/; a;fOsf] 5f]6f] ;donfO{ larf/ u/]/ xfdL b'j}
hgf vfgf vfP/ l/;]K;gDff 7Ls ;dodf k'Uof}F . ljzfn k]l/; ;x/
Ps} lbgdf 3'Df]/ ;Sg] s'/f g} lyPg . xfd|f] e|d0ftflnsf cg';f/ !(
dfr{sf] k"/f lbg k]l/; ;x/ 3'Dg] To;kl5 @) dfr{sf] lbgdf blIf0f
k|mfG;sf] ljVoft jfOg agfpg] au{lGb If]q x'bF } ;fFem d]sf]g ;x/df
af; a:g] /x]sf] lyof] . @))) jif{bl] vsf] Oltxf; af]ss
] f ejgx,
k|]dLxsf] ;x/, snf;+:s[ltsf] cb\e"t ;d, Jofkf/, jfl0fHo,
/fhgLlts tyf ;+;f/sf] dxjk"0f{ lqmofsnfkxsf] /fhwfgL k]l/;
;x/ xf] .
;+;f/sf k|efjzfNfL k|dv
' tLgj6f ;x/dWo] k]l/; klg Pp6f
;x/ xf] . ;]Og gbLsf] lsgf/fdf a;]sf] o; ;x/sf k|mG] rjf;Lxn]
;g\ !($) df, bf];f| ] ljZjo'4tfsf hd{gLsf] k|eT' j n8fOF gn8Lsg
l:jsfg'k{ /]sf] lyof] . of] ;'Gb/ ;x/nfO{ kl5 ldq/fi6xn] hd{gLsf]
k~hfaf6 d'St u/]sf] lyof] . hd{gL kl5 x6\b} hfFbf, lx6n/n] ToxfFsf
;'Gb/ ef}lts ;+/rgfx Afdaf/L u/]/ Wj:t gug{] cfb]z lbPsfn]
Wj:tx'gaf6 tL ;'Gb/ ejgx / k]l/;sf ef}lts ;+/rgfx ar]sf
lyP .
lx6n/n] k]l/;nfO{ sAhf u/]kl5 ;g\ !($) df k]l/; cfPsf
lyP . k|mfG;sf] /fhwfgL k]l/; ;x/df k|yd ljZjo'4sf] a]nfb]lv g}
ljZjsf tTsfnLg ;dosf k|Voft lksf;f], 8fnL, cd]l/sL n]vs
x]ldj] / ?;L sDkf]h/ :6fljG:sLh:tf ljlzi6 snfsf/x hd36
ePsf lyP . sfnfGt/df ljZjel/sf snfsf/xn] dg k/fpg] ljz]if
;x/sf] kdf ljVoft aGb} uof] .
ofqf:kz{

153

o; ;x/sf] hg;+Vof ;g\ @))& sf] hgu0fgfcg';f/ Ps

s/f]8 !* xnfv #^ xhf/ gf} ;o &) /x]sf] lyof] eg] o; gu/df
dfgj a;f]af;sf] cl:tTj /x]sf] cfheGbf ;f9] ^ xhf/ jif{klxn]
b]lv e]lPsf] Oltxf;sf/x atfpF5g\ . O{=k"= %@ ;fndf /f]dgxn]
o; gu/sf If]qnufot Tolt a]nfsf upn If]qnfO{ ljho u/]/ /f]dg
;fDf|fHodf ljno u/]sf] lyof] . nueu rf/kfFr ztfAbL /f]dg
;fd|fHodf /x]sf] k]l/; /f]dg ;fd|fHosf] ktgkl5 k|mfG;]nLxsf
ljleGg j+zhx Tfyf zf;sxn] k]l/;nfO{ k|mfG;sf] /fhwfgL agfPsf
lyP .
xfdL clxn] klxnf]rf]l6 o; ;'Gb/ ;x/df k'u/] ;fFem s]xL efu
x]g{] ljrf/n] l/;]K;gdf hDdf eP/ hfg] tof/Ldf lyof}F . c:6l] nofdf
hGd]sL c\uh
]| d"nsL @# jifL{of ;dL sf]6;
\ , 6'/ufO8 km/fl;nL /
cln xf]rL sbsL lyOg\ .
slnn} pd]/b]lv o; k];fdf nfu]sL x'gfn] nueu o'/f]ksf ;a}
ef}uf]lns tyf P]ltxfl;s tYoxsf] hfgsf/L ltgnfO{ /x]5 . ;a}
hgf hDdf ePkl5, cln k'mRrL ePsLn] cln cUnf] 7fpFdf pleP/
eGb} lyOg\ oxfF, k]l/;df kfs]6df/xsf] laulauL 5, s;}n] klg
Aofs Kofs]6df jfn]6 g/fVg' / cfk"m;Fu /x]sf] AofunfO{ ;'/lIft
/fVg"===, oxfF lhK;Lx / pQ/clk|msL d'ns
' sf k];j] / rf]/x 5g\==eGb}
kmnf] dL -dnfO{ k5\ofpg'xf];_\ ===eg]/ Pp6f ;fgf] emG8f p7fpFb} cl3
al9g\ . xfdL ;a} ;dLsf] kl5kl5 emG8f x]b{} nfUofF} . e|d0f6f]nLsf]
;d"x lgs} 7"nf] ePsf]n] ;dL kl5 kms]/{ a]nfa]nfdf x]g{] uly{g\ .
xfdL ;ft gDa/sf] d]6f n
] fOg ks\8/] :tflngu|fb eP/ csf]{ nfOgaf6
cfgjf;{df k'Uof}F . k]l/;df d]6f ] /]n ;~rfng u/]sf] !!! jif{ eO;s]sf]
/x]5 . ;g\ !()) df klxnf]rf]l6 d]6f ] /]n k]l/;df ;~rfng u/]sf]
lyof] . !@ o'/f]df !) j6f l6s6 kfpFbf] /x]5 / Pp6f l6s6n] Psf]xf]/f]
clGtd uGtJo;Dd hfg kfOFbf] /x]5 . eGgfn] @ j6f l6s6n] PskN6
k]l/;sf] cf]xf]/bf]xf]/ ug{ ldNbf] /x]5 .
o; lx;fadf nG8gsf] eGbf k]l/;df ef8f ;:tf] /x]sf] dnfO{
154

ofqf:kz{

nfUof] . xfdL cfgjf;{ /]n:6];gaf6 dfly ;]S/]Rof]/ luhf{3/tkm{

nfUof}F . s]xLa]/ klg l9nf] gu/L xfdL afl;lnsf ;]S/]Rof]/ luhf{3/df
k'UofF} . kfgL l;dl;d kb}{ lyof] . k]l/; ;x/sf] ;a}eGbf pRrf 7fpFdf
lgdf{0f ul/Psf] of] luhf{3/ wfld{s tyf /fhgLlts b'O6} kIfaf6
dxj af]s]sf] luhf{3/ ePsf] x'gfn] w]/} ko{6sx oxfF cfpFbf
/x]5g\ . of] /f]dg Sofyf]lns luhf{3/ oz'lv|i6sf] kljq d'6'nfO{
>4f~hnL ck{0f ug]{ larf/n] lgdf{0f ul/Psf] /x]5 . ;g\ !*&!
Kfl5sf] k|mfG; / kl;{ofaLrsf] o'4 / k|mfG;]nL cfGbf]ngdf ;l/s
;fdflhs, wfld{s / /fhgLlts ;lxi0f'tfnfO{ dWogh/ u/L lgdf{0f
ul/Psf] afl;lnsf ;DaGwL s]xL ljjfbx pTkGg ePsf] lyof] t/,
o;nfO{ luhf{3/ cg'k Sofyf]lnsxsf] wfld{s:yn x'gs
' f] ;fy}
cGbf]ng / ljleGg n8fOFxdf d/]sf %* xhf/ d[tsnfO{ >4f~hnL
lbg] ynf]sf] kdf lnOFb} cfPsf] 5 . of] eJo luhf{3/ k|foM ;a}
luhf{3/xeGbf cln k[ys 9af6 cfsif{s tl/sfn] lgdf{0f ul/Psf]
/x]5 . o; luhf{3/df k|l;4 dlxnfof]4f hf]g ckm cs{sf] dfgj
cfsf/ a/fa/sf] d"lt{ klg /flvPsf] 5 . ToxfF k'u/] rr{sf] ljleGg
efux x]bf{ lgs} ;do nfu]sf] lyof] . ;dL eGb} lyOg\ h;h;nfO{
/]8nfO6 Pl/of x]g{ dg nfu]sf] 5 d;Fu cfpg ;Sg]5g\ / OR5f
gefPsfx cl3sf] af6f] eP/ xf]6n uP x'G5 elgg\ .
xfdL ef]ln lbgel/ k]l/; 3'Dg] ePsf]n] / km]l/ kfgL kl//x]sf]
x'gfn] ;f9] gf} ah] /flt xf]6n kmSof}+{ . xfdLnfO{ /]8nfO6 Pl/of x]g{]
rfxgf lyPg . ;'Gb/ ;x/ k]l/;df dnfO{ Pp6f s'/fsf] cg'el"tn]
lrdf]l6/x]sf] lyof]] . c\uh
]| xsf] l5d]sL /fi6n] xb};Dd c\uh
]| L
efiffnfO{ 3[0ff ubf{/x]5g\ . s]xL s'/f c\uh
]| Ldf ;f]w
] cfO 8f]G6 gf]
O\ln; eg]/ c\uh
]| Ldf g} hafkm kmsf{P klg c\uh
]| L efiff af]Ng
ltgLx ?rfpFbg} g\ . Jofj;fosf] gftfn] xf]6nxdf Psfwn] af]N5g\ .
pgLx ljZjsf] s'g} /fi6df k'u] tfklg k|mG] r x'gd
' f uj{ u5{g\ .
' f]
dnfO{ s] cg'el" t eO/x]sf] lyof] eg] xfdL;Fu klg g]kfnL x'gs
uf}/jufyfx 5g\, s] xfdLn] ;+;f/nfO{ oL o'/f]kn
] Lx ;/x ljsf;
ofqf:kz{

155

u/]/ uf}/j ug]{ af6f] klxNofpg ;lsFb}g < b]zdf s]jn ;Qfsf]
n8fOFdf e'ns
] f g]tT[ jau{sf] cGt/fTdfn] b]znfO{ hf]ufP/ ljsf; ug{'
k5{ eGg] ;b\al' 4 slxn] cfpnf < v}/, b; ah]lt/ /flt xf]6ndf b'j}
bDktL k'UofF} / lbgel/sf ofqf af/] s'/f ub}{ ef]lnsf d'Vo 7fpFxsf]
e|d0faf/] s'/f uofF} / dL7f] lgb|fdf b'j} hgf ;'TofF} .
kmf]/:] 6lxn xf]6nsf] rf/ tNNffsf] !* gDa/ sf]7fdf xfdLn] b'O{
/ft latfPsf lyof}F . xfd|f] !@ lbg] e|d0fsf] sfo{qmd ;ftj6f /fi6x
/x]sf] x'gfn] k|To]s ;x/df ;+lIfKt a;fO lyof] / oxL 5f]6f] ;dodf
a9LeGbf a9L 7fpFx x]g{] / cjnf]sg ug]{ p2]Zo /x]sf] lyof] . d]/f]
p2]Zo k]l/; ;x/sf] d'6d
' f /x]sf] P]ltxfl;s :yn, t'On] l/; uf8]g{ ,
n'e]| Do'lhod, Plkmn 6fj/, ;]Og gbLt6 / k|l;4 gf]6/8fd Sofyf8fn
x]g'{ /x]sf] lyof] .
!( dfr{ @)!! sf] lbg Tolt hf8f] lyPg . lxhf] l;dl;d kfgL
k/]sf] lyof] t/ cfh kfgL k/]sf] lyPg . la:tf/} lbg pl3|Pnfh:tf]
b]lvGYof] . csfzel/ afbn eP tfklg lbg pHofnf] g} lyof] . df};d
;kmf eOlbPsf] eP w]/} dHhf cfpg] lyof] eg]/ a'l/ofn] ->LdtLnfO{
d a'l/of g} eG5'_ eGb} lYfOg\ .
d}n] lkms/ gu/ ef]lnaf6 xKtfF;
} Dd 3fdnfUg] s'/f l6eLxdf
eg]sf 5g\ eg]F . xfdL laxfg} tof/ eP/ a|s
] kmf:6 xnlt/ uofF} .
;dLn] xf]6nsf] :jfOKsf8{ -rfaL_ x/fP % o'/f] ltg'k{ 5{ eg]sL lyOg\ .
kl5 ;x/ 3'd/] cfPkl5 lng] ljrf/n] d}n] sfpG6/df uP/ rfaL
lkmtf{ lbPF . xfd|f] ;fyLx Wfdfwd x]jL a|s
] kmf:6 lnO/x]sf lyP . d}n]
klg 6Gg a|s
] kmf:6 lnPF t/ cfh k"l0f{dfsf] lbg, >LdtLsf] j|t lyof] .
a'l/ofn] s]jn b"w / kmnk"mn vfPsL lyOg\ . Ps yd{; tftf] kfgL
lnP/ km]l/ ;x/ 3'Dgsf nflu ufO8sf] kl5 nfUof}F . cfh ;a} pT;flxt
lyP . lxhf];Dd la/fgf] / ckl/lrt e|d0fsf ;fyLx olt a]nf xfdL
plxn]bl] v g} kl/lrt ePh:t} Pscfk;df s'/f ul//x]sf lyof}F . cfh
xfdLnfO{ 6'/ ufO8 ;dLn] cs}{ d]6f n
] fOg ;dft]/ k]l/;sf] d'6' dflgg]
P]ltxfl;s :yn e]G8f]dKn]; :SjfP/ k'ofP/ ToxfFaf6 lbgel/ 3'Dg
;Sg] If]qxsf] ljj/0f lbPsL lyOg\ .
156

ofqf:kz{

cfhsf] e|d0fdf ljz]if u/L k]l/;sf] t'nO] l/; uf8]g{ sf] If]q,
g]kf]lnog t];f| s
] f] /fhdxn, n'e]| Do'lhod, gf]6/8fd Sofyf8n, ;]Og
gbL / k]l/;sf] ljVoft Plkmn 6fj/ x]g{] of]hgf lyof] t/, Ps lbgleq
oL ;a} dxjk"0f{ ;'Gb/ :ynx x]Gf{ Eofpg] xf] ls xf]Og To;df
dnfO{ ;Gb]x lyof] . cfh d k|ToIf oL ;a} xhf/fF} ;fnb]lvsf] Oltxf;
af]s]sf 7fpFxdf cfgL wd{kTgL;Fu 3'Dg kfpFbf Psbd} v';L
nflu/x]sf] lyof] .
hLjgdf ;+;f/ x]g{] s;nfO{ /x/ x'Gg / xfdLh:tf ul/a d'ns
' df
hGd]sf dWod auL{oxsf nflu klg cfly{s lx;fan] ;xh x'bF g} .
clxn] xfdL k]l/; ;x/sf] dWo efu, t'On]l/; uf8]g{ sf] pQ/kl
g];gn csfbdLdf k'us
] f 5fF} . !*cfF} ztfAbLb]lv ;~rfng ul/Fb}
cfPsf] o; csfbdLaf6 w]/} ljlzi6 snfsf/x hGd] eGg] s'/f
ufO8n] eg]sL lyOg\ .
xfdLnfO{ s]jn @) ldg]6sf] nflu kmf]6f] lvRg] ;do lbFb} ca
xfdL t'nO] l/; uf8]g{ tkm{ nfUg]5fF} elgg\ . !*cf}F ztfAbLdf e]G8f]dKn];
:SjfP/;Dd k]l/; ;x/nfO{ cfw'lgsLs/0f ug{sf nflu ejgx
eTsfpFb} ;8sx km/flsnf ub}{ cfPsf] a]nfdf hgtfn] lj/f]w u/]/
/f]ss
] f /x]5g\ . o; If]qdf xhf/f}F jif{ k'/fgf 3/x b]lvof], t/ tL
;a} 3/x ;do;fk]If d/dt;Def/ u/]/ /fv]sf /x]5g\ . e]G8f]dKn];n]
k|mfG;]nL uf}/jsf] Oltxf; af]ss
] f] /x]5 . e]G8f]dKn];sf] :SjfP/ cyf{t\
kf6gdf k'Ubf dfgf}F k|mfG;]nLxn] h] u5{g\ eljiosf ;GttLxsf
nflu Oltxf; /r]/ hfG5g\h:tf] nfUof] . 7"nf] d}bfgh:tf] km/flsnf]
kf6gdf Pp6f cUnf] wft'sf] :tDe lgdf{0f u/]/ n8fOFsf ljj/0fx,
;lxb ePsf dflg;xsf gfd / cfs[ltx clt lyP . ;Af}eGbf
dfly g]kf]lnogsf] dfgj sb a/fa/sf] d"lt{ :yflkt u/]sf] /x]5 .
g]kf]lnogn] c:6l/hsf] n8fOFdf ljhoL x'bF f sAhf u/]sf !##
j6f tf]kx unfP/ lgdf{0f u/]sf] ;f] :tDedflysf] d"lt{nfO{ k|mfG;]nL
hGftfxn] g]kf]lnogsf] ktg x'g] sfndf ofFSg vf]hs
] f lyP, t/
ofqf:kz{

157

o;nfO{ k'g:yf{kgf u/]/ ctLtsf] uf}/jsf] ;fIfL agfP/ b;f{O/fv]sf]

5 . k]l/;sf] dWoefudf cjl:yt P]ltxfl;s If]qsf] ;]/f]km]/f]n] k|mfG;]nL
Oltxf;sf] ;hLj ljj/0f lrqx, d"lt{x / ToxfF lgdf{0f u/]/
/flvPsf ef}lts ;+/rgfx :jtM Aff]ln/x]sf] em}F k|tLt eof] dnfO{ .
k|To]s ejg, d"lt{x / lgdf{0f ul/Psf ;+/rgfxdf ldlt / ;+lIfKt
ljj/0fx Nf]lvPsf 5g\, t/ tL ;a} ljj/0fx k|mG] r efiffdf dfq
lbPsfn] ufO8sf] cfjZostf dx;'; x'G5 . olb tkfO+s
{ f] ufO8 5}g
eg] 3'Dg] 7fpFxsf] ;+lIfKt hfgsf/L j]a;fO6 / ko{6sLo ljj/0fsf
k':tsxaf6 cWoog u/]/ e|d0f u/]df aNn a'em\ g ;lhnf] x'G5 .
ufO8 ;dLn] k|To]s 7fpFdf k'u/] ToxfFsf P]ltxfl;s dxjsf af/]df
5f]6s/Ldf eGb} oyf;Sbf] l56f]l56f] k]l/; ;x/ 3'dfpg] nIo af]ss
] L
lyOg\ . e]G8f]dKn];sf] P]ltxfl;s wft'sf] :tDe ePsf] kf6gjl/kl/sf
cfsif{s ejgx Kf|foM ;a} :6f/ xf]6nx /x]5g\ . kf6gsf] blIf0fdf
kg]{ l/6\h xf]6ndf /fhs'df/L 8fogf dg'c
{ l3 ltgsL k|l] dsf cn
kmfxb bf]bL;Fu To; xf]6ndf a;]sL s'/f ;dL eGb} lyOg\ . To;kl5
ef]lnkN6 kfkf/fHhLxn] -ldl8of kmf]6f]uf| km/x_ k5\fpFbf /fhs'df/L
8fogfsf] Plkmn 6fj/sf] kNnf]kl ;]Og gbLsf] lsgf/fdf kg]{ ;fgf]
6gn 5]pdf sf/ PlS;8]G6 eP/ d[To' ePsf] lyof] . ef]lnkN6 xfdL
ToxL 7fpF glhs x'bF } k|mfG;sf] blIf0f, auf{GbLtkm{ nfu]sf lyofF} . xfdL
ToxL xf]6nsf] kl/;/df k'u/] kmf]6f]x lvRof}F .
s]xLa]/sf nflu 8fogfsf] :d/0fn] b'O{ bzscl3sf b[Zox
Dffg;k6ndf Nof;Aofsem}F t}l/Psf lyP . xfdL clxn] k}bn lxF8/]
t'On]l/; uf8]g{ df k'Uf]sf 5f}F . of] t'On]l/; uf8]g{ ;g\ !%^$ df
Sofyfl/g 8L d]l8rLn] lgdf{0f u/]sL lyOg\ . nf]/G] ;df hGd]sL d]l8rL
3/fgfsL lszf]/L, !$ jif{sf] pd]/df k|mfG;sf /fhf x]g/L ltLon]
ljjfx u/]sf lyP . pgsf] d[To'kZrft\ Sofyfl/g k|mfG;]nL /fhgLltdf
zlQmzfnL eP/ pbo ePsL lyOg\ .

158

ofqf:kz{

hLJfgsfndf kltn] p:tf] jf:tf g/fv] s f Sofyl/gkl5

/fhdftfsf kdf k|ltli7t eOg\ . kltsf] d[To'kZrft\ Sofyfl/gn]
hGdfPsf tLg hgf 5f]/fx kfn}kfnf] k|mfG;sf /fhf ag]sf lyP .
t'On]l/; uf8]g{ sf] Psfkl Sofyfl/gsf] /fhdxn lyof] . /fhdxnsf]
cl3lNt/ Tolt a]nf ;'Gb/ au}r
F f lgdf{0f ul/Psf] lyof], t/ clxn]
auFr
} fsf] efu v'nf agfOPsf] 5 . klxn]sf] /fhdxn clxn] k|l;4
n'e]| Do'lhoddf kl/jt{g ul/Psf] 5 .
o; uf8]g{ sf] csf]{ lsgf/fdf Kn]; 8L nf sf]Gsf]8{ 5 . Kn]; 8L
nf sf]Gsf]8{df k|mfG;]nLxn] pklgj]z :yfkgf ug]{ l;nl;nfdf
OlhK6sf Pp6f dlGb/af6 p7fP/ NofPsf cUnf] calnS; :yfkgf
ul/Psf] 5 . t'On]l/; uf8]g{ sf] aLr efudf Pp6f leS6/L cs{ eGgfn]
ljho k|jz
] f/ g]kf]lnogn] lgdf{0f ug{ nufPsf] /x]5 . o; f/nfO{
lgdf{0f ug{ nufP/ g]kf]lnog o'4df uPsf lyP . pgn] o'4af6 ljho
eP/ cfPkl5 Tof] leS6]/L cs{af6 cfgf] ;]gfnfO{ k|j]z u/fP/
cl3lNt/sf] km/flsnf] d~raf6 k|mfG;]nL ;]gfnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug]{ csf\Iff
/fv]sf lyP . t/ pgsf] efUon] pgnfO{ ;fy lbPg / pgsf] of]
csf\Iff slxNo} k"/f x'g ;s]g . jf6/n"sf] o'4df xf/]/ pgL k|mfG;
slxNo} kms]g{ g\ . pgnfO{ a]nfotn] aGbL agfP/ ;]G6x]ngfdf s}b
u/]sf] lyof] hxfF pgsf] d[To' ;g\ !*@! ePsf] lyof] . of] leS6/L cs{
pgL d[To' ePsf] !) jif{kl5 cyf{t\ ;g\ !*#! df dfq lgdf{0f k"/f
ePsf] lyof] .
bf];f| ] ljZjo'4df hd{gL ;]gfn] k|mfG;nfO{ cfgf] cwLgdf lnPkl5
klxnf] k6s hd{gL ;]gfx of] leS6/L cs{af6 l5/]/ ;Daf]wg ug]{
kf6gtkm{ uPsf lyP . of] t'On]l/; uf8]g{ sf] leS6/L cs{ / Kn]; 8L
nf sf]Gsf]8s
{ f] aLrdf Pp6f v'nfd~rh:tf] 7fpF 5 To;sf] k5fl8
kl Pp6f kfgLsf] ;'Gb/ tfn lgdf{0f ul/Psf] 5 . To; tfnsf]
cl3lNt/sf] v'nf 7fpFdf plxn] dfG5]xnfO{ d[To'b08 ufOnf]l6gn]
-d[To' b08 k|fKt ug]{ dfG5]sf] 3fF6L crgf]h:tf] 7fpFdf c8fP/ ef/L
wfl/nf] xltof/ dflyaf6 v;fP/ 6fpsf] luF8fpg]_ 6fpsf] sf6]/
ofqf:kz{

159

lbOGYof] / x]g{] bz{sxsf nflu km/flsnf] 7fpF agfOPsf] /x]5 .

Tolt a]nf d[To'b08 k|fKt ug]x{ df ;j{;fw/0f hgtfb]lv dflyNnf]
txsf JolQmx klg x'Gy] . s}of}F k|l;4 JolStTjx Hf;nfO{ ufOnf]l6g
f/f d[To'b08 lbPsf lyP pgLxsf d"lt{x lgdf{0f u/]/ jl/kl/
/flvPsf 5g\ .
xfdL ;a}nfO{ tL 7fpFxdf ;dLn] ufO8 ub}{ 7fpFxsf] af/]df
kl/ro / Oltxf; wf/fjflxs atfpFb} al9/x]sL lyOg\ . ufOnf]l6gaf6
{ f nflu k|mfG;]nL hgtfx cl3lNt/sf] v'nf d}bfgaf6
d[To'b08 x]gs
pleP/ x]by{ ] . To; 7fpFdf k'u/] ufO8n] km]l/ cfwf 3G6fkl5 uf8]g{ sf]
k"jk{ lsf] n'e]| Do'lhodsf] lqm:6n lk/fld8 k|jz
] f/sf] cl3 e]nf
x'gsf nflu elgg\ . of] lqm:6n -l;;fsf] lk/fld8_ lk/fld8 Ps hgf
cd]l/sL lrlgofFF cfls{6S] 6n] agfPsf /x]5g\ . xfdL cfwf 3G6fsf]
;doleq jl/kl/sf b[Zox, d"lt{x / calnS;sf] kmf]6f] lvr]/
uf8]g{ sf] csf]{ efult/ la:tf/} lxF8b\ } uofF} . d}n] xhf/fF} ko{6sxsf]
3'Or
F f] b]v]F . e|d0fsf] ;'?b]lv g} 7fpF7fpFdf w]/h
} :ff] Pl;ofnLd"nsf
ko{6sx e]6F] . uf8]g{ sf] cl3lNt/ Ps ;fO8df df]6/af6f] /x]5 .
To;sf] 7Ls kl5lNt/ ;]Og gbLn] k]l/;nfO{ b'O{ efu agfpFb} k]l/;sf]
;'Gb/tfdf yk ;f}Gbo{ k|bfg ub}{ k|jflxt eP/ au]sL l5g\ . xfdL
blIf0fklsf] uf8]g{ If]q x]l/;s]kl5 pQ/tkm{, klxn]sf] /fhdxn cyf{t\
clxn]sf] n'e]| Do'lhodtkm{ lxF8b\ } uofF} . olt a]nf ufO8 xtf/df
lyOg\ . cfh ufO8n] xfdLnfO{ b'O{ ah];Dd o; If]q j/k/sf 7fpFx
dfq e|d0f u/fpg] s'/f ul/g\, sf/0f olb xfdLn] Do'lhod x]g{ yfNof}F
eg] xfd|f] k"/f lbg oxLF ;lsg] s'/f ul/g\ .
To;sf/0f ufO8n] n'e]| Do'lhodsf] cl3 pleP/ xfdLnfO{ n'e]|
Do'lho x]g{ rfxg]xn] kl5 Do'lhod x]g{] / ltgn] cfh ;]Og gbLsf]
lsgf/f / ToxfF :yflkt k'nx b]vfpFb} gf]6/8fd Sofyf8n;Dd
k'ofpg] clg k]l/;sf] ljVoft Plkmn 6fj/ cfcfkmF} x]g{] eg]/ k]l/;
;x/sf] gS;f ;a}nfO{ lbPsL lyOg\ . x'g klg 5f]6f] ;doleq oL ;a}
7fpFx x]g{ ;Dej lyPg / csf]{ s'/f l6dsf dflg;xsf] cfcfg}
160

ofqf:kz{

OR5fsf] s'/fdf e/ kg]{ s'/f lyof] . e|d0f6f]nLsf ;b:oxdf w]/h

} ;f]n]
Do'lhod x]g{] OR5f u/]gg\, t/ d]/f] 7"nf] OR5f k|mfG;sf] k|l;4 n'e]|
Do'lhod oxfF cfPkl5 Ps b'O{ 3G6f eP klg cjZo x]5
' '{ eGg] lyof] .
Do'lhod x]gs
{ f] nflu Ps hgfsf] !) o'/f] ltg{k' bf]{ /x]5 .
ufO8n] cfgf] s'/f /flv;s]kl5 xfdLnfO{ Do'lhodsf] bflxg]af6
/fhdxnnfO{ b]a]| kf/]/ ;]Og gbLsf] lsgf/ftkm{ nlug\ . xfdL clxn]
;]Og gbLsf] lsgf/fdf k'us
] f5f}F . ;]Og gbLnfO{ xhf/f}F jif{bl] v lgoGq0f
u/]/ gbLt6nfO{ ;Def/ u/]/ k|mfG;]nLxn] /fv]sf 5g\ . gbL lsgf/faf6
Plkmn 6fj/sf] s]xL efu b]lvG5 . gbLsf b'jt} km{ eJo ejgx
lgdf{0f u/]sf 5g\ . ;;fgf 8'f / hxfhx -sd prfOsf]_ km]/Laf6
rln/x]sf b]vF] . ;]Og gbLdf hxfh r9]/ Plkmn 6fj/;Dd hfg] tyf
gbLlsgf/sf 7fpFx hxfhaf6 x]bf{ /dfOnf] x'g] ufO8n] eGb} lyOg\,
t/ xfdL ;dosf] kfjGbLnfO{ x]//] kl5 /]naf6 g} Plkmn 6fj/ hfg]
ljrf/ uof}F . ;'Gb/ ;]Og gbLsf] lsgf/f x'bF } cln k/ b]lvg] ;]Og
gbLdflysf] Pp6f k'ndf k'Uof}F . ToxfF d}n] xhf/f}F tfnfx e'mlG8Psf]
b]v]F . xfdLn] s]xL ;f]Wg'cl3 ufO8n] To; k'nsf] af/]df /f]rs s'/f
eGg yflng\ .
To; k'nnfO{ k|l] dsfxsf] k'n eGbf /x]5g\ cyf{t\ ne;{ la|h .
p;/L ;]Og gbLdfly bh{gf}F k'nx 5g\ . To;dWo]df k|l] dsfxsf]
k'n / csf]{ Go' la|h -gofF k'n_ h;sf] lgdf{0f /fhf x]g/L t[tLon]
u/]sf lyP . tL k'nx ljz]if vfnsf k'nx lyP . xfdL clxn] ne;{
k'ndfly pleP/ ;+;f/el/sf nfvfF}nfv dofn'xn] cfgf] k|]dsf]
Ohxf/ ug{ / k|d
] nfO{ cd/Tj /fVgsf nflu k'nsf] /]lnxsf b'jk} l
tfnf nufP/ /fv]sf b]Vof}F . dofn'xn] tfnf nufP/ rfaL ;]Og
gbLsf] ulx/fOleq kmfNbf /x]5g\ . rfaLlagf tfnf v'Ng ;Sb}g /
pgLxsf] k]d
| sf] tfnf ;b}j dgleq tfnf;/x aGb eP/ ch/ /xf];\
egL rfaL gbLsf] ue{leq kmflnFbf] /x]5 . ljleGgvfn] tfnfx b]Vbf
dg /dfOnf] eof] / dgdg} eg]
F logLxsf dfof slxNo} g6'6f];\ .
xfdLnfO{ To;k'ndf dfofn'xn] o;/L tfnf nu]/ tfnf aGb u/]/
rfaL gbLdf kmfNg] s'/f yfx lyPg .
ofqf:kz{

161

xfdL ToxfF k'uk] l5 dfq yfxf nfu]sf] lyof] . d]/L a'l/ofnfO{ of]
k|lqmof Psbd} dg k/]5 / crDd nfu]5 . To;sf/0f a'l/ofn] xfF:b}
lgs} /f]dlG6s kf/fn] dnfO{ xfdL klg Pp6f tfnf NofP/ e'mG8\ofpFg]
ls a'/f < eg]/ ;f]lwg\ . d}n] klg lkmNdL gfosn] em}F a'l/ofnfO{
/f]dflG6s tl/sfn] eg]F P a'l/of of] wft'sf] tfnfeGbf alnof]
dgsf] tfnf xfdLn] #) jif{klxn] g} nufP/ rfaL dgsf] ;fu/leq
/flv;s]sf 5fF,} ca o:tf] tfnfsf] s] cjZostf < ta d]/L a'l/of
emG8} kfFr bzs k'Ug cfF6s
] L b'nxLsf] cg'xf/ d}n] ljjfx ubf{sL
;f]xj| if{sL emF} b]vF] / ltgL klg d]/f] s'/f ;'g/] Ps kN6 xfF:b} dl:sg\ .
slt /dfOnf] eof] xf]nf tkfO+{ cGbfh ug'{ xf]nf . jf:tjdf
ljjfx u/]kl5 :jR5Gb o; lx;fan] e|d0f u/]sf] klg o;} kN6 lyof] .
5f]/f5f]/Lsf] k9fO ;lsPsf] lyof] . 5f]/L ljjfx eP/ gf]s/L ub}{
cfgf] lhDd]jf/L axg ul//x]sL lyOg\ . 5f]/fn] klg PdaLaLP;sf]
k9fO l;WofP/ OG6g{ ub}{ lyof], ca s]xL dlxgf dfq afFsL 5 .
To;sf/0f o;kN6 xfdL lgl:kmlqm lyofF} . Tolt a]nfsf] Tof] If0f a'l/of
/ d]/f] nflu clj:d/0fLo lyof] . k]l/;sf] Tof] k'n klg clj:d/0fLo
5.
To;kl5 xfdL cln dflylt/ a9\b} uof}F ToxfF /fhf x]g/Ln]
lgdf{0f u/]sf s\lqm6sf] k'n b]lvof] . k'nsf] dWoefudf /fhf x]g/L
3f]8fdfly ;jf/ ePsf] cw{sbsf] d"lt{ :yflkt ul/Psf] 5 . To;
k'nsf] b'j} afx'sf] tNnf] k]l6sfsf] efusf k|To]s v'8l\ snf]df ljlrq
d'bf| ePsf dflg;xsf] cg'xf/x agfP/ /flvPsf 5g\ . oL ljleGg
d'b\ f| sf cg'xf/x lsg o;/L agfPsf xf]nfg\ < eg]/ ;dL, ufO8nfO{
;f]4f ltgn] x]g/Lsf] /fHosfndf 36]sf] Pp6f /f]rs 36gf eg]sL
lyOg\ . kfx'gfx cfdlGqt u/]sf lyP . /fqL ef]hdf crfgs /S;Lsf]
sdL eP5 / kfx'gfxnfO{ kof{Kt /S;L -jfOg_ k'ofpg g;s]sf]df
/fhf x]g/LnfO{ v]b nfu]5 . /fhfsf] ef]hdf /S;Lsf] sdL < of]
nfhdbf]{ s'/f eof], ca d km]l/ csf]{ /fqLef]h tTsfn lgDTofpF5' /
To;df lkpg] /S;Lsf] sdL sbflk x'gx' bF' g} eg]/ x'sd
' lbP5g\ .
162

ofqf:kz{

b]zel/sf hgtfn] gfgfy/Lsf /S;Lx /fhb/af/df k'' ofP5g\ .

km]l/ a]ns
' L /fqLef]h P]nfg u/]/ 7"nf] ef]h lbP5g\ . ca]/ /flt;Dd
dflg;x lkm6\6' eP/ /S;L lkP5g\ / kfx'gfx ToxLF ;'t]5g\ .
laxfg;Dd tL kfx'gfx / /fhf :jod\ klg /flt lkPsf] /S;Lsf]
gzfdf g} lyP . ta gzf nfu]sf dflg;xsf] cg'xf/ x]//] /fhfnfO{
cgf}7f] ;'em lbdfudf knfP5 . t'?Gt pgn] d"lt{sf/nfO{ af]nfP/
gzf nfu]sf dflg;xsf] cg'xf/ x]//] To:t} d'b\ f| sf cg'xf/xsf
d"lt{ agfpg cfb]z lbPsf /x]5g\ . To; k'nsf afx'sf b'jk} l ltg}
d"lt{sf/n] agfPsf gzfdf w't ePsf d"lt{x :yflkt u/]/ /flvPsf]
5 . xfdL lbgel/df k]l/;sf ljVoft n'e|] Do'lhod, gf]6/8\ofd,
Sofyf8n / Plkmn 6fj/ OToflb 7fpFx e|d0f u/]kl5 ef]lnkN6
cyf{t\ e|d0fsf] t]:f|f] lbgdf xfdL k|mfG;sf blIf0fk"j{ auf{GbL If]q x'bF }
l:j6\h/NofG8, O6fnL, cl:6of, hd{gL, g]b/NofG8, a]lNhod eP/ !@
lbgsf] e|d0f u/L nG8g kms]s
{ f lyof}F .

ofqf:kz{

163

xl/ dfgGw/
hGd M @% dfr{, :of\hf .
c;"lrt laDaWjlg cflb s[ltx k|sflzt .
w]/} syf, sljtfx j]e / cGo kqklqsfxdf k|sflzt .
cg];f;df cfa4 .
xfnM Oh/fon
Email: hari_mdr@yahoo.com

164

ofqf:kz{

axfO{{ uf8{g
] ;u n'6k'l6b} ubf{
laxfg}bl] v ;"on{ ] Oh/fonsf] Jo:t ;x/ t]ncleasf] kv]6fel/
sflGt lkmFhfO;s]sf] lyof] . d]/f] sf]7fsf] em\ofnaf6 ;"os
{ f] ls/0f
leq} k;]/ sf]7f g} /d\ofO;s]sf] lyof] . km]ac
'| /Lsf] lr;f] laxfgLdf
klg ;"on
{ ] leq} cfTdfb]lv uld{nf] kfl/;s]sf] lyof] . ;fyLx s]xL
:jl0f{d ;kgfdf x'gx' G' Yof] eg] s]xL sfddf hfgsf nflu t/v/ ub}{
x'g'x'GYof] .
d eg] sfd a]u/sf] dfG5] g ;'Tbf lgb|f nfUYof] g p7]/ s]xL ug{]
xtf/ g} x'GYof] . t/ Tof] laxfg lgs} pd af]s/] laxfgLsf] klxnf]
3fdsf] emNsf];uF } dgdf cg]s ts{gfx v]nfpFb} p7]F . sf/0f d]/f]
cfhsf] uGtJo leGg} lyof] . sfdlagfsf] ;dodf Oh/fonsf] s]xL
dxjk"0f{ 7fpFxsf] cjnf]sg ug{] w]o al9/x]sf] lyof] . To;}n] klg
xf]nf dnfO{ laxfg}bl] v ltg} t:jL/df dfq} b]lvPsf dgf]/~hgfTds
/ efjgfTds lx;fan] ;'Gb/ / ;uf}/j km'ln/x]sf 7fpFxn] crDd;Fu
tflg/x]sf] lyof] . laxfgsf ;a} sfdsf/afxL ;s]/ l56f]l56f] emf]nfdf
;fgf] Sofd]/f xfnF] . kf;kf]6{ k};f ;a} ldnfPF . clg xtf/xtf/
t]ncleasf] s]Gof a;kfs{lt/ nDs]F . a;kfs{leq kl;;s]kl5 ;Lw}
5}6f}F tnfdf uP/ a;sf] ?6 x]/F] . cl3Nnf] a; 5'l6;s]sf] /x]5 k'gM
csf{] a; s'gk'{ g{] ef] . csf]]{ a; !) ah]kl5 dfq} /x]5 . ca km]l/ Ps
ofqf:kz{

165

3G6f ;do latfpg dNffO{ clt ufx|f] ef] . of] Ps 3G6f latfpg b'O{
k6s t d rf}yf] tnfdf em/]F . laxfg} k;nx klg gv'ns
] f, km]l/
dfly g} hfg] u/]sf] lyPF . cGtdf s]xL ;Lk gnfu]kl5 Sof6]l/ofdf
uPF / skmL / s]s dufP/ esfes x;'g{ yfn]F . ;do k|z:t} lyof] /
klg v} lsg xf] s'GgL dnfO{ xtf/} eO/x]sf] lyof] . s]s skmL vfO;Sbf
klg cem} !% ldg]6 afFsL g} /Xof] . carflxF nfdf] ofqfdf ltvf{
nfluxfN5 ls eg]/ kfgLsf] hf]xf] u/]F . clg a; s'g{ yfn]F .
;doeGbf !) ldg]6cufl8 a; cfOk'Uof] . a;df r9\g] xfdL
hDdfhDdL rf/ hgf dfq} lyof}F . uf8L 7Ls ;dodf u'8g\ yfNof] .
a;kfs{sf] d"nf/ x'bF } a; aflxl/of] . pQ/L OG6/r]~hsf] 5taf6
uf8L x'lQFb} cfOnf]g x'bF } t]ncleaaf6} aflxl/of] . la:tf/} a; x'OlF sg
F uF cufl8b]lv
yfn]kl5 d}n] eujtLhLnfO{ kmf]g ;Dks{ u/]F . To;f] t pxfF;
g} af/Daf/ xfOkmfsf] pQm :yfgdf k'Ugsf nflu kmf]g;Dks{ eO/x]s}
lyof] . k'gM pxfFn] axfO{ uf8{g] sf] ;"rgf s]Gb|sf] gDa/ lbg'eof] . d}n]
k'gM pQm ;"rgf s]Gb|df kmf]g u/]/ s]xL ;"rgf lng] ;'/ s;]F . kmf]g
u/]kl5 sDKo'6/ d]l;gn] c\uh
|] Ldf ;"rgf k|jfx ug{ yfNof] . d
df]afOn sfgdf /fv]/ Wofgk"js
{ ;'lg/xg yfn]F .
;"rgfcg';f/ a'waf/afx]s x/]s lbg !@ ah] c\uh
]| L ufO8n]
axfO{ uf8{g] b]lv dlGb/;Ddsf] e|d0f u/fpFbf] /x]5 . To; ;d"xdf
3'Dgsf nflu pQm ;"rgf s]Gb|df gfd l6kfP/ !!M$% ah];Dddf
cfkm}F xflh/ eO;Sg'kg{] /x]5 . pQm uf8{g] leqsf ;a} hfgsf/L lbFb}
3'dfpg] s'/f yfxf kfPkl5 of] dg cQflng yfNof] . sf/0f Tolt a]nf
sl/a ;f9] b; alh;s]sf] lyof] / xfOkmf k'Ug g} sl/a 8]9 306f
nfUg] s'/f ;'gs
] f] lyPF . t}klg Ps k6s 8fOe/;Fu ;f]wF] . p;n]
!!M$) df k'luG5 eg]kl5 k'gM s]xL xif{n] dg el/of] . Oh/fonsf]
a; sl/a !@) ls=ld k|lt3G6fsf] /tf/df u'l8/x]s} lyof] t}klg d]/f
nflu ;f]] ult l9n} eO/x]sf] lyof] . dnfO{ :6]l/ xftdf lbPsf] eP
;s]hlt PS;n]6/ bafP/ x'OFSofpy]Fh:tf] dfq} Nflu/Xof] . geGb}
uf8Ln] ;dodf g} xfOkmf a;kfs{df k'ofof] .
8fOe/nfO{ :ofaf;L lbPF . t/ Ps}l5gdf Tof] :ofaf;L v]/ uP
166

ofqf:kz{

em}F eof] . t'?Gt axfO{ uf8{g] hfg] a; jf 6\ofS;Lsf] hf]xf] u/]F . dxFu}
eP klg 6\ofS;L lng] lgwf] u/]F . clg :yfgLo Ps hgf enfbdLnfO{
:yfgdf k'Ug nfUg] ;do ;f]wF] . 6\ofS;Ldf uP klg @) ldg]6 nfUg]
s'/f atfPkl5 d kfgLkfgL ePF . oqf] xtf/ u/]/ cfP/ klg ;don]
;fy glbPsf]df cfkm}FnfO{ lwSsfb{} ljsNkdf a; s'g{ yfn]F . !$
gDa/sf] Kn]6kmd{df !## gDa/sf] a; cfOk'Uof] . dgel/sf ;f/f
v';LxnfO{ emG8} ltnf~hnL lbFb} nfu]F pQm :yfglt/ . d r9]sf]
a;n] kxf8sf sGb/fxnfO{ l5rf]n]/ dfly 8fF8fsfF8flt/ xflgFb}
cufl8 a9\of] . 8fF8fdfly agfOPsf cTofw'lgs 3/x, y'k}| xl/of
8fF8fkfvfx, log} 8fF8fkfvfxsf] le/fnf]df ldnfP/ agfOPsf cfsif{s
af6fx, dgdg} /dfO/x]F . a; 8fF8fsfF8f 3'Db} km]l/ cf]/fnf] nfUof] .
cf]/fnf] 3'DtLx sf6\b} ubf{ d}n] k6sk6s axfO{ uf8{g] sf] ;a}eGbf
dflysf] u]6df hfg' 5 dnfO{ elg/x]s} lyPF . 8fOe/n] x'G5 eGb} uf8L
s'bfO/x]sf] lyof] . b'O{ hgf kfn] al;/x]sf] sfnf] ;'Gb/ u]6df nu]/
a; /f]Sof] / eGof] oxL xf] axfO{ uf8{g] sf] u]6 . d xtf/xtf/
a;af6 cf]n]{F / u]6lt/ xflgPF . u]6df uP/ ;f]wF] . t/ ckm;f]r uf8L
d}n] eg]sf] u]6 geP/ tn aLrsf] axfO{ o'lgel;{6L l5g{] u]6df kf]
/f]ss
] f] /x]5 . km]l/ pQm u]6df /x]sf kfn]nfO{ ;f]wF] . p;n] glhs} 5
t/ lxF8/] hfg c;Dej 5 jf w]/} ;do nfU5 To;n] ltdLn] 6\ofS;L
jf ;fd"lxs 6\ofS;Ldf dfly hfg ;S5f} eg]/ ;Nnfx lbof] . d t'?Gt}
cln tnsf] a; s'g]{ 7fpFdf k'u]F . a; s'ge
'{ Gbf 6\ofS;Ld} hfg] lgwf]
u/]F / 6\ofS;L /f]sF] . @) Oh/fonL ;s]n dfq} /x]5 ef8f . clgkm]l/
cufl8 a;df cfPsf] pxL af6f] x'bF } axfO{ uf8{g] sf] dflyNnf] u]6 k'uF] .
u]6glhs} xfOkmfsf] 8fF8fdf cjl:yt 7"nf / cUnf xf]6nxn] :jfut
u/]em}F b]lvGYof] . cGttM u]6df k'u/] axfO{ uf8{g] sf] b[Zo x]g{ cft'/
ag]F .
dflyNnf] u]6df k'u/] eujtLhLnfO{ kmf]g u/F] . pxfF cem} s]xL
;dodf dfq} cfpg] va/ kfPF . ;donfO{ kv{g hlt ufx|f] ;fob
hLjgdf s]xL x'bF g} xf]nf . To;}n] u]6df r]lsdf plePF . u]6kfn]n]
t sxfFaf6 cfPsf] eg]/ ;f]Wof] . d}n] g]kfn eGg]lalQs} xfdL;Fu klg
g]kfnL 5 kv d af]nfOlbG5' eGof] . clg t'?Gt} g]kfnL efO x'gx' bF' f]
ofqf:kz{

167

/x]5 eg]/ af]nfP/ kl/ro u/fof] . d}n] pxfFsf] 5ftLdf 6fFl;Psf]

gfd x]l/;s]sf] lyPF . h]= dfemL n]lvPsf] lyof] . km]l/ klg h]= sf] cy{
cg]s x'g] ePsfn] kl/ro u/]F . lht]ghL x'gx' bF' f] /x]5 . pxfF axfO{
uf8{g] s} nflu :k];n g]kfnaf6 cfpg'ePsf] /x]5 . pxfFn] oxfF uf8{g] sf]
' ] vfg]s/' f vfg / r'/f]6 lkpg dgfxL 5, eGb}
cfsif{s laufl/g] x]tn
x'gx' G' Yof] . clg emf]nf z/L/ pxfFs} c:6]l nog ;fyLf/f r]s u/fP/
leq k;]F . u]6leq k;]kl5 ;kgfsf] au}r
F f cfFvfcufl8 x]g{ kfPsf]df
d o;}o;} k'mn]n ePsf] lyPF . c ;a} a'em\g gkfP/ s] ef] / <
dnfO{ tfg]s} oxL d]/f] ;kgfsf] au}r
F fn] g} t xf], o;}o;} dg km'?
eP/ cfO/x]sf] lyof] . o;} aLrdf lht]ghL cfpg'ef], clg axfO{ wd{,
axfO{ uf8{g] , axfO{ dlGb/ / o;df cjl:yt o'lgel;{6Lsf af/]df s]xL
;"rgfx lbg'ef] .
x'g t lht]ghL kfn]xsf] klg ;'k/efOh/ x'gx' bF' f] /x]5 . t/
;don] g]6f] sfl6;s]sfn] dnfO{ s'g} klg xfntdf leqL s]Gb|x;Dd
] jf{
hfg cg'dlt lbg ;Sg'ePg . lsgls of] sfg'gL lgod g} ;j{;
ePsf] b]zsf] kljq axfO{ wdf{jnDaLxsf] cf:yfsf] s]Gb| klg lyof] .

lht]ghLf/f ul/Psf axfO{{ wd{;DaGwL s]xL rrf{x

axfO{ wd{ s'g} To:tf] gofF wd{ xf]Og . kl;{og JolQm ax
pNnxsf] gfdaf6 o;sf] ;'?jft ePsf] kfOG5 . o; wd{n] dfGg]
d'Vo s'/f eg]s} tkfO{x+ h'g wd{df x'gx' G' 5, pQm wd{nfO{ leqL
cfTdfb]lv ;Ddfg ug{ / pQm wd{sf ;a} gLltlgodx kfng ug{
l;sfpg] s'/f xf] . d}n] g]kfndf x'bF f ljleGg ;fdflhs sfo{xdf
{ :tf]
ef]nl] G6o/ eP/ sfd u/]sf] 5' . To;}n] ubf{ klg cfh d}n] axfO{h
kljq wd{sf] af/]df hfGg], ;'Gg] / a'em\g] cj;/ kfPsf] x'F . dnfO{
cfWoflTds 1fg dfq geP/ ef}lts 1fg l;Sg] cj;/ ldn]sf] 5
h;sf sf/0f ca cfpg] eljio k'gM ltg} ;]jfxdf nufpg rfxG5' .

axfO{ wd{sf nflu tof/ kfl/Psf s]xL k"jf{wf/xM

;fj{ef}d ;ef GofonoM o; ;efn] cGt/f{li6o zf;sLo kdf
;]jf lbg] ub{5 . b'lgofFe/df /x]sf axfO{ ;d'bfo, ;fj{ef}d
Gofokl/ifb\sf] kdf sfd ug{] ub{5, h;df ( axfO{ u'Dt afnf]/f/f
168

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r'lgPsfx /xG5g\ . of] lgjf{rg k|To]s kfFr jif{df Ps k6s

;+;f/e/df /x]sf /fli6o axfO{ ljwfg;efxaf6 r'lgG5 . xfn;Dd
of] ;+Vof !*) eGbf a9L u0fgf ul/Psf] 5 .
cGt/f{li6o axfO{{ clen]vfnoM axfO{{ wd{sf] ;+:yfkssf] lghL
k|efjsf ;fy} pgsf] d"n n]vg / cGo cjz]if tyf P]ltxfl;s
;fdu|Lx /flvPsf] 5 .
u|Gyx cWoog ul/g] s]Gb|M o; s]Gb| Pp6f 5fqj[QLo
;+:yf xf], h;n] axfO{{ kljq n]vg, P]ltxfl;s b:tfj]hx / cGo
;DalGwt ;fdu|Lxsf] cg';Gwfg ub{5 . cGt/f{li6o lzIf0f s]Gb|n]
;+:yfut sfplG;n/ 5gf]6 u5{, h;n] ;+;f/df 5l/P/ /x]sf axfO{{
;d'bfoxsf] ljsf;df a9f]Q/L Nofpg] of]hgfx th{d
' f ub{5 .
:df/s au}r
F fM of] zflGtdo au}r
F f rf/ ax pNNfxsf] tfTsfnLg
kl/jf/sf ;b:oxsf] ;]tf] sf/f{/f dfa{nf/f :df/s lgdf{0f ul/Psf]
5 . lht]ghLn] s'/fx atfO/xFbf d klg efj's ag]/ ;'lg/x]sf]
lyPF . lsgls dnfO{ dfgj / dfgjLo r]tgfsf] s'/f pAhfof] ls lwt
d?Gh]n ;'lg/xg dg nfU5 jf k':tsx kfPF eg] cWoog ul//xg
dg nfU5 . To;}n] klg xf]nf of] dfgjLo wd{sf] j0f{g;Fu} Ps k6s
pg} jxpNNfxsf] ljrf/;Fu ;fIffTsf/ ub{} lyPF . dgel/ axfO{{ uf8{g] sf]
;'Gb/tf st} :ju{sf] t'ngf;Fu} bfFlh/x]sf] a]nf PsfPs df]afOndf
3G6L aHg yfNof] . ks]6af6 df]afOn lgsfn]/ sn x]/F] . eujtLhLsf]
lyof] . t'?Gt} p7fP/ x]nf]== u/]F . ptfaf6 eujtLhLn] !% ldg]6df
cfOk'Ug] s'/f ug{e
' f] . d ;a}eGbf dflyNnf] u]6df ePsf] va/ u/]kl5
pxfFF klg ;f]xL u]6df cfpg] s'/f;Fu} kmf]g aGb u/]F .
dnfO{ d]/f] hLjgsf] ;a}eGbf v';Lsf] cg'el" t x'bF } lyof], ;fob
/ t PSn} eP klg axfO{{ uf8{g] sf] cf]/fnf] x'bF } tn ;d'b;
| Dd km}lnPsf]
efuxdf nuftf/ cfFvf nufO/x]sf] lyPF . xfOkmfsf] 6fs'/faf6 ;'?
ePsf] o; uf8{]g le/fnf]el/ g} cfsif{s !% ;oj6f eGbf a9L
v'8l\ snfxn] ;lh;hfp ePsf] s'/f lht]ghLaf6 yfxf kfPsf] lyPF .
;a}eGbf dflyNnf] efuafx]s aLrdf / le/fnf]sf] tNnf] efudf ;d]t
tLgj6f klAns ;jf/L;fwgx rNg] af6fxn] axfO{ uf8{g] nfO{ g}
tLg efudf afFl8lbPsf] 5 . dflyNnf] efu / d k|yd k6s k'us
] f]
ofqf:kz{

169

u]6af6 uf8{g] sf] d'Vo ejgx x]g{ kfOG5 eg] bf];f| ] efuaf6 axfO{
dlGb/sf] cjnf]sg ug{ kfOG5 . ckm;f]r Tolt a]Nff eg] axfO{
dlGb/sf] Tof] cfsif{s b[Zofjnf]sg ug{ kfOPg . Tolt a]nf pQm
dlGb/sf] dd{t;Def/ eO/x]sfn] k"/} lalN8nfO{ g} aflx/af6 se/
ul/Psf] lyof] . aflx/L ;'Gb/tfdf eGbf leqL ;'Gb/tfdf /dfpg] d
o;n] vf;} c;/ r}F kf/]g . km]l/ kmf]g cfof] . eujtLhL aLrsf]
o'lgel;{6L k:g] u]6d} k'Ug'eP5, hxfF d ;'?df k'us
] f] lyPF . clg
pxfFnfO{ dfly ;"rgf s]Gb| ePsf] u]6df cfpg eg]F . clg km]l/
eujtLhLsf] kvf{O;Fu} ltg} axfO{{ uf8{g] sf] dflyNnf] efuxdf otfptf
8'Ng yfn]F .
axfO{{ dlGb/df ljZje/af6 ko{6sx lelqg] s'/f Tolt a]nf g}
yfxf ef] . sl/a Ps 3G6fsf] a;fOdf dfq} sDtLdf 5 jf ;ft b]zsf
gful/sx pQm uf8{g] cjnf]sgsf nflu cfPsf lyP .
a]lNhod, hd{gL, /l;of, rLg cflb b]zaf6 cfPsf tL ko{6sx
c\uh
]| L klg af]Ng ghfg]sf . Tof]eGbf t a? g]kfnLx g} a9L
cGt/f{li6o efiff af]Nbf /x]5g\ eGg] ;Dem]/ uj{ nfUof] .
eujtLhL cfpg'ef] . km]l/ uf8{]gsf] d"nu]6af6} leq} k:of}F .
uf8{g] sf] leq ;a} ejgxsf] cWoog ug{ gkfP klg u]6af6 bf];f| ]
tNnfdf em/]/ glhsaf6} uf8{g] sf] 5ftLdf leqL bob]lv g} r'Dof}F .
cfFvf gyfs'Gh]n tntn;Dd x]//] u]6af6 aflx/ lg:SofF} .
aLrsf] u]6af6 axfO{{ dlGb/ x]g]{ OR5fn] b'j} hgf 6\ofS;L r9]/
cf]/fnf] nfUof}F . aLrsf] u]6df k'uk] l5 u]6kfn]nfO{ leq k:g kfOg] jf
gkfOg] ;f]Wof}F . u]6kfn]n] kfOg] hfgsf/L u/fPkl5 6\ofS;Laf6 cf]ln{P/
u]6leq k:of}F, t/ ckm;f]r km]l/ dlGb/leq hfg gkfOg] /x]5,
dgel/sf ;a} pd / hfFu/x Ps}rf]l6 u'h'N6\ofP/ aflx/}af6
dlGb/sf] bz{g u/]/ k'gM ;a}eGbf tNnf] u]6df k'Uof}F .
laxfgsf] s]s / skmLafx]s kfgLrflxF 3/L3/L 3fF6Laf6 lelqPs}
xf] . axfO{{ uf8{]gsf] dgf]/d b[Zon] d]/f] ef]sKof; ;a} n'l6/x]sf]
lyof] . eujtLhLsf] ;Nnfxadf]lhd k]6k"hf ug{] x]tn
' ] /]:6'/G] 6 l5of}F .
j]6/ d]g' lnP/ cfP . ;a} s'/f 5f8]/ d}n] ldS; sjfkm dufPF . ldS;
170

ofqf:kz{

sjfkmeGbf klxn] ;nfbx / lktfsf] 8fnL cfOk'Uof] . lktf v'd;

' ;Fu}
cGo ;nfbx / cGttM ldS; sjfkmsf] /l;Nf] :jfb;Fu} vfgf ;s]/
/]:6'/G] 6af6 klg aflxl/of}F .
glhs} axfO{{ uf8{g] sf] ;a}eGbf tNnf] u]6 lyof] . u]6af6 bf];f| ]
eof;Dd plSng kfOFbf] /x]5 . b'j} hgf Pscfk;df :d/0fsf
nflu kmf]6f] lvRb} k'gM axfO{{ uf8{g] sf] dgf]/d b[Zox;Fu} a]df};dd}
km'ln/x]sf cg]s y/L km"nxsf] ;fldKotfdf /dfof}F . cGttM axfO{
dlGb/ 5f8\g] a]nf ef] . pQm u]6df a;]sf] kfn]x;Fu kmf]6f] lvrfpFb}
labfsf] xft xNnfP/ aflxl/ofF} .
cem} klg xfdL;Fu s]xL ;do afFsL lyof] . ;do kfPsf] a]nfdf
dnfO{ ;fd'Gg] ;do latfpg clt g} cfgGb nfU5 . Tof] dfq} eGbf
klg lagf;fu/sf] b]zsf] gful/s ePsf] x}l;otn] klg xf]nf, ;fu/sf]
lsgf/xdf ax]sf ;fd'lb|s 5fnx;Fu ?dlNngdf lgs} dhf nfU5 .
To;}n] s]xL ;dosf nflu eP klg ;d'bL| 5]plt/ hfg] lg0f{o ul/of]
/ 6\ofS;L r9]/ nfUofF} . ;d'bL| lsgf/df k'Ub} ubf{ lIflthaf6 glhlsFb}
u/]sf] ;d'bs
| f 5fnxnfO{ :kz{ ug{] /x/ a9]/ cfof] . xtfl/Fb} afn'jf
lsgf/af6 ;d'bs
| f] 5fn cfPlt/ x'l/{P/ nfu]F . eujtLhL EofP;Dd
d]/f] t:jL/ lnFb} x'gx' G' Yof] . glhs} afFw afFlwPsf] lyof] . pQm afFwdf
r9]/ df5f dfg{x] ;Fu aN5L dfu]F . g]kfnsf] 7f8f] vf]nf lsgf/df t
aN5L rnfOGYof] To:t} ;Dem]/ df5fnfO{ aN5Ldf kfg{ yfn]F . jf:tjdf
Tolt a]nf df5f dfg{e
' Gbf cg'ej lng' / pQm If0fxnfO{ :d/0fLo
agfpg] d]/f] p2]Zo lyof] / k"/f u/]F klg .
cGttM ;don] g]6f] sfl6;s]sf] lyof] . eujtLhL klg eg]sf]
;doeGbf w]/} g} a:g'ef] . ;fob d]/f] OR5f gsfg{ g;s]/ xf] ls <
Pp6f cfTdLo ;fyLsf] x}l;otn] klg x'g;S5 . Tolt a]nf eujtLhL
gx'ge
' Psf]eP ;fob d]/f] ofqf, ofqfh:tf] g} x'g] lyPg ;fob .
To;}n] klg eujtLhLsf] ;fy To; lbgsf] ofqfn] ;fy{stf
kfPsf] lyof] . To;}n] eujtLhLnfO{ bob]lv g} d'/Ld'/L wGojfb lbFb}
axfO{{ uf8{g] , d]l86]l/og ;fu/ / eujtLhL :jod\nfO{ labfsf] xft
xNnfP/ nfu]F xfOkmf /]nsf] :6];glt/ .

ofqf:kz{

171

x]dGt k/b]zL
hGd M !$ gf]eD] j/, kfFry/ .
nIo Ps uf]/6] f] cg]s -@)^@, pkGof;_, ;dosf 3'DtLx -@)^$,
pkGof;_, cg'el" tsf laDax -@)^^, n3'syf_ cflb s[ltx k|sflzt .
w]/} syf, sljtfx k|sflzt ePsf 5g\ j]e / cGo kqklqsfxdf .
cg];f;df cfa4 .

172

ofqf:kz{

cfkm}n
] lx8s
] f uf]/6
] fx
Gu|:t d'ns' sf] ljifd kl/l:yltaf6 cflht ag]/ ha d}n]
cfgf] 3/sf] ;F3f/ gf3]F ta d]/f] hLjgdf klg cg]s ptf/r9fjx
cfP h'g cfh slt clj:d/0fLo kn ag]/ d]/f dfg;k6nel/
;NanfO/x]sf 5g\ t slt laiffn' gLnsfF8f ag]/ k}tnfxdf lalem/x]sf
5g\ .
xf], ;DemFbf cfh}h:tf] nfU5, t/ yfx} gkfO ;do slt rfF8}
lrlKn;s]5 . cg]s efubf}8 / cGtjf{tf{sf] s8f k|lt:kwf{ l5rf]n/]
otf l5/]sf] klg bzs a];L eO;s]5 . ha d}n] stf/l:yt Pp6f
k|ltli7t ax'/fli6o sDkgLaf6 stf/ k|jz
] sf] lu|g l;Ugn k|fKt u/]F
To;sf] s]xL lbgd} cGo ;xsdL{ ldqx;Fu} To;tkm{ p8\gk' g{] s'/fsf]
6'f] klg nfUof] .
!% dO{ ;g @))) sf] ;fFem ^ ah] kfls:tfg Po/nfOG;sf]
ljdfgaf6 s/fFrL x'bF } bf]xf hfg] k"jt{ of/Ladf]lhd cGo ;xsdL{x;Fu}
clGtdkN6 cfgf] b]zsf] df6f]nfO{ r'Dag u/]/ lqe'jg cGt/f{li6o
ljdfg:yndf k|jz
] u/]F . t/ lj8Dagf k|lts"n df};dsf sf/0f lgwf{l/t
;dodf ljdfg cjt/0f / p8fg x'g g;s]sf sf/0f # 3G6f;Dd
ljdfg:ynleq} k6\ofl/nf] ;do u'hfg{ afWo aGof}F xfdL .
ofqf:kz{

173

s/fFrL 6flGh6 x'bF } bf]xf p8\gk' g{] ljdfgn] sf7df8f}a+ f6} tLg
3G6f l9nf] p8\gk' g{] ePkl5 xfd|f] rf/ 3G6] 6flGh6 ck|Toflzt kdf
$@ 3G6fdf ablng k'us
] f] lyof] . oBlk $@ 3G6fsf] s/fFrL a;fO
xfd|f] lglDt clt g} nfebfos /Xof] . $@ 3G6fkl5 s/fFrL 5f]8b\ f
xfdL ;a}n] xf]6n ld8j] xfp; nfO{ cg]s wGojfb JoQm uof}F .
h;n] xfdLnfO{ xf]6ns} /]vb]vdf b'O{ lbg;Dd s/fFrL ;x/sf] cjnf]sg
ug{] Joj:yf ldnfPsf] lyof] .
g]kfn 5f8]sf] 7Ls b'O{ lbgkl5 bf]xf pq\of}F xfdL . bf]xfsf nflu
clwsf+z ;fyLx gofF cfuGt's eP klg d]/f] eg] of] bf];f| ] cfudg
lyof] . oBlk s]xL ;fnsf] cGt/fnkl5sf] d]/f] Tof] k'g/fudg s]jn
gfds} dfq bf];f| ] lyof] . lsgeg] To;eGbf cl3 !((%(^ df d}n]
b]v]sf] bf]xf / To; a]nfsf] bf]xfsf] ef}lts ;+/rgfdf cfsfz /
hldgaLrsf] leGgtf cfO;s]sf] lyof] .
;DemFbf cfkm}n
F fO{ nHhfaf]w x'gu] 5{ . t/ ;To, ;To g} x'G5 /
To;nfO{ n'sfO/fVg' dfG5]sf] a]OdfgL dfq} xf]n] dnfO{ lgw{Ss;Fu
cfgf] jf:tljstf cf]sNg ;w}F k|l] /t ul//x]sf] x'G5 . s'/f d]/f] klxnf]
bf]xf k|jz
] sf] cg'ejsf] xf] . Tolt a]nf g]kfn / stf/aLr k"0f{ kn]
>d ;Demf}tf nfu" eOg;s]sfn] clxn]h:tf] sf7df8f+a} f6 ;Lw} bf]xf
p8\g] Joj:yf eO;s]sf] lyPg . h;n] ubf{ lbNnLsf] af6f] x'bF } stf/
k|jz
] ug{k' g{] of}6f csf6\o afWotf /x]sf] lyof] . oBlk c/a l5/]/ 6Gg
k};f sdfpg] ;kgfsf] pTs6 cleNfiffn] tL ;a} vfn] cK7\of/fxsf]
;fdgf ug{ cfly{s, zf/Ll/s / dfgl;s kn];d]t cfk"mnfO{ k"0f{
kdf tof/ agfO;s]sf] lyPF d}n] . stf/ k|jz
] sf nflu cfjZos
kg{] 6fen 8s'dG] 6nufotsf ;Dk"0f{ sfuhftx tof/ u/]/ k//fi6
dGqfno / >d dGqfnosf] lnlvt cg'dltdf ha d sf7df8f}a+ f6
;'gf}nL gfsfx'bF } lbNnLtkm{ nfu],F Tolt g} a]nfb]lv d}n] lhGbuLsf]
jf:tljs ofqf klg ;'? u/]F . To;f] t ef/tLo e"ldd} afNosfnsf
s]xL ;dox Joltt ul/;s]sf] d]/f] lglDt Tof] ofqf Tolt c;xh
eg] dx;'; ePsf] lyPg . oBlk ;'gf}nL gfsf kfl/sf cfg} g]kfnL
174

ofqf:kz{

bfh'efOxn] csNkgLo kdf xfdL;Fu u/]sf Jojxf/ b]v]/ d

cToGt} b'MvL ag]sf] lyPF Tof] lbg . k};fsf] ;6xL ubf{bl] v lnP/ a;
l/ha{ ubf{;Dd dfq} xf]Og uNtLjz csf{] a;df r9\g k'us
] f ;f]emf
g]kfnLxdfly xftkft u/]sf] b[Zo b]Vbf dnfO{ Pp6f s'/fsf] eg]
/fd|f] 1fg k|fKt eof] ls, cfgf] cfFug 5f]8k] l5 dfG5]n] ;fFRr} g} lg/Lx
aGg'kbf{] /x]5 . nueu !%!^ 3G6fsf] lg/Gt/ ofqfkl5 ha b'Mv
;'v lbNnL cfOk'luof] . d emg} gf]i6flNhs aGg k'uF] . ljljw sf/0fj;
b'O{ lbg;Dd lbNnLsf] kxf8uGhl:yt k|sfz xf]6ndf a:bf To;
jl/kl/sf y'k}| :yfgx 3'Dg] cj;/ ldNof] . 7\ofSs} ;Demgf t 5}g
t/ hL=6L= /f]8sf] gfdn] lrlgg] /]Nj] :6];g glhs}sf] Ps :yfgdf
k'Ubf cUnfcUnf dxnsf em\ofnxaf6 cf] ;f]N6L otf cfpg' g .
eGb} ;'dw'/ cfjfhdf dnfO{ af]nfO/x]sf g]kfnL pxfFalxgLxsf]
cfjfh eg] clxn] klg d]/f] sfgdf u'lGh/x]s} 5 .
k/fO e"ld To;} klg Tolt ;xh dx;'; x'bF g} , cem To;df klg
gjcfuGt's lyPF d . To;}n] pgLxsf] dL7f;k"0f{ cfdGq0fn] dgel/
lh1f;f p7\bfp7\b} klg g;'ge
] m}F u/]/ km6fkm6 cfgf] af6f] nfu]F .
;fFemdf ha xfd|} ;d"xsf cu|h w/fgsf bfO /d]z du/n] tL
r]nLxsf] c;nL s'/f ;'gfpg' ef] d PsfPs 5fFufaf6 v;]em}F ePF .
wGo eujfg\ of}6f 8/nfUbf] b'36{ gf x'gaf6 ar]5' . dgdg} ;f]rF] d}n] .
ef/tLo cWofudg sfg'gadf]lhdsf ;Dk"0f{ k|lqmofx k"/f
ul/;s]kl5 b'O{ lbgkl5 s'jt] Po/j]hsf] af]Odfkm{t s'jt] l;6L x'bF }
bf]xf hfg] k|:yfg cg'dlt t ldNof] t/ df};dsf] v/faLsf sf/0f k'Ug
!@ 3G6f lbNnLl:yt Pokf]6{ xf]6nd} ;do u'hfg{k' g{] hfgsf/L kfP/
s]xL lg/f; ag]F d . oBlk !@ 3G6fsf] tf/] xf]6nsf] a;fOn] d]/f tL
;a} lg/fzfx sxfF k'ofP sxfF < tf/] xf]6nsf] of}6f leGg} vfn]
cg'ej ;FufNg kfP/ d t pN6} cfXnflbt kf] aGg k'uF] To; a]nf .
;Dk"0f{ ef}lts ;'ljwf;lxtsf] /ft klg lbgh:t} NfUg] tf/] xf]6nsf]
Tof] g} d]/f] klxnf] k|jz
] lyof] . cg'dfg nufPF, ToxfF pkNAw gePsf
ofqf:kz{

175

ef}lts ;'ljwfx cGoq ;fob} xf]nfg\ . ;a}eGbf /dfOnf] s'/f t

a'km] df kf] eof] t . cg]s kl/sf/n] ;';lHht /fpG8 6]andf
/flvPsf l8;sf kl/sf/x clncln dfq} p7fpFb} hfFbf klg Ps}l5gdf
Kn]6 el/Fbf sd ysys nfu]sf] lyPg dnfO{ . t/ ha 6]andf k'u/]
d'vdf ufF; nufPF rf}/f;L Jo~hgn] 6Gg k]6 eg{] d]/f rfxgfdf
PsfPs kfgL km]l/of] . jf:tjdf eP5 s] eg] vfgf vfg'eGbf cl3
vfg'kg{] ;'kb]lv vfgf vfO;s]kl5 vfg'kg{] :jL6 dfq} xf]Og km/s
km/s tl/sfn] vfg'kg{] ;a} vfn] kl/sf/xsf] ;lDd>0faf6 d]/f]
vfgfsf] :jfb g} vfO g;Sg'sf] la:jflbnf] x'g k'u5
] . /d]z bfOsf]
sfgd} d'v hf]8/] ;d:of atfPkl5 pxfFaF f6} ;a} s'/fsf] hfgsf/L
kfPF . clg pxfFFs} ;Nnfxadf]lhd nfh krfP/} km]l/ l8; /x]sf]
6]anlt/ nlDsPF / Ps Kn]6 ;fwf eft / Ps af]n dg s/L af]s/]
cfPF clg dg eg{] u/L skfsk vfPF . !@ 3G6fkl5 lgwf{l/t ;dod}
p8fgsf] tof/L eof] . dgdf st} 8/ clg st} v';L af]s/] d}n] cfgf]
klxnf] kfOnf chsf] ljdfgleq /fv]F . ;f]re
] Gbf w]/} 7"nf] x'bF f]/x]5
hxfh . #%) eGbf a];L ofq' Ifdtf ePsf] s'jt] Po/j]hsf] Tof]
hxfhdf ;f}efUojz Ps hgf bflh{ln lgjf;L;Fu lrgfkrL{ eof] .
pgL ToxL ljdfgsL kl/rfl/sf /lxl5g\ . hxfhn] OlGb/f ufGwL
OG6/g];gn Po/kf]6s
{ f] e'OF 5f8\bf nueu /ftsf] !! alh;s]sf]
lyof] . hxfh p8]sf] s]xL ;dokl5 g} vfglkgsf] tv{/ eof] . ;a}n]
cfcfgf] l;6sf] cl3lNt/ /x]sf] ;fgf] 6]an lgsfn]F . d}n] klg To;}
u/]F . ljleGg kl/sf/;lxtsf] vfgfsf] ;]6 /fVb} Ps hgf ljb]zL
kl/rfl/sf af]lng\ P:So'h dL ;/ 6L c/ skmL < 6L lKnh . cgfo;}
af]nL km'lTsof] d]/f] .
of}6f skel/ /ftf] lrof xfn]/ pgL cGo ofq'xlt/ nlDsg\ .
d}n] lrofsf] r':sL lnPF . afAa} d'vdf xfln;Sg'sf] lyof] / < x}g
lrof klg slt uf9f agfpFbf /x]5g\ xF < dgdf o:t} s'/f v]nfpFb}
yf]/} yf]/} r':sL lnO/x]F . lrof lkO;s]/ gh/ p7fpFbf kf] yfxf eof]
tL kl/rfl/sfn] t dnfO{ g} Psf]xf]/f] x]l//x]sL /x]l5g\ . Tolt a]nf t
176

ofqf:kz{

d}n] s]xL ;f]lrgF t/ ha s]xL l5gkl5 bflh{lnjfnL pxfFn] lagfs'g}

cK7\of/f] d}n] lkmSsf lrof lkPsf] b]v/] pgsf] ;fyL crlDdt ag]sf]
s'/f PsfPs p7fOg\ clg em:s]F d . oBlk lkmSsf lrof lkpg] cfgf]
;fg}bl] vsf] afgL /x]sf] e"m6f] s'/f af]n/] cfgf] gfbfgLkg hf]ufPF
d}n] . tL pxfFsf] s'/f u/fOaf6} bfndf s]xL sfnf] /x]sf] cg'dfg
nufO;s]sf] lyPF d}n] . To;}n] pgL ToxfFaf6 cf]em]n kg{l] alQs} 6]andf
afFsL /x]sf dl;gf sfuhsf kf]sfxdf gh/ nufPF . cf]xf] slt
x':;' dfG5] d . rLgL, b"w, kL7f], g'g, dl/rsf] w"nf] clg c s]s] xf]
s]s] /x]5g\ ToxfF . s'jt] l;6L k'Ug' s]xL ;docl3 km]l/ kl/rfl/sfx
xftdf ;le{; 6] lnP/ ofq'xsf] ;]jfdf xflh/ eP / 7"nf] r'OuF dh:tf]
b]lvg] tfQftf] rf/kf6] lrh lrD6Ln] afF8g\ yfn] . d}n] klg xft yfk]F
/ r'krfk otfptf gh/ bf}8fPF . jf:tjdf Tof] r'OuF d geP/ l:6d
ul/Psf] d'v k'5g\ ] l6:o' /x]5 . c ;xofqLxn] h:t} u/L d}n] klg
cfgf] d'v k'5F] . t/ uhasf] s'/f sf7df8f}a+ f6} lrgfkrL{ ePsf] d]/f
Ps hgf dgf] ldqn]rflxF r'Oud g} eG7fg]/ yfKg]lalQs} d'vdf
SjfKk xflnxfn]5g\ . clnskl5 pgsf] d'vaf6 of] s'/f cgfo;} km'lTsFbf
sDtL xfF;f] 5fPsf] lyPg xfdLaLr . olt a]nf ;DemG5' d tL lbgxnfO{
/ cfkm}F xfF:5' k]6 ldlrldrL . oBlk of}6f ;TorflxF s] xf] eg] d]/f]
klxnf] kN6sf] ljb]z ofqfsf] cg'ejn] bf];f| ] bf]xf cfudgnfO{ s]xL g
s]xL ;xhrflxF cjZo agfPsf] lyof] . cem To;df klg bf];f| ] kN6;Fu}
cfPsf ;a} ;xsdL{x plQs} of]Uo / cg'ejL lyP . hf] clxn] k|foM
;a} hgf g]kfnd} s]xL g s]xL u/]/ al;/x]sf 5g\ . aflx/lt/} /x]sf
Psfw JolQmx klg cfcfgf] cf}sftcg';f/ cfcfg} 7fpFdf :yflkt
5g\ . d dfq} of}6f To:tf] JolQm x",F hf] cfh;Dd of}6f uGtJoxLg
ofqL ag]/ slxn] :jb]z t slxn] ljb]zsf] ofqfdf lg/Gt/ ofqf/t 5'
/ o;}df k"0f{ ;Gt'i6 klg .

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177

1fg]Gb| ljjz
hGd M @)@&, vf]6f .
sljtf, lgofqf, lgaGw / snf ;dLIffsf kmfF6df lg/Gt/ lqmofzLn .
cfs[ltsf] cfjfh, /f/fsL cK;/f cflb s[ltsf ;|i6f .
snf;flxTosf] ljj]rgf / rrf{df ljz]if of]ubfg .
xfnM k|1f;ef ;b:o, g]kfn nlntsnf k|1fk|lti7fg . c/lgsf] snf
k'/:sf/, z/ nfld5fg] /fli6o k|ltef k'/:sf/af6 ;Ddflgt .
Email: bibasgyan@hotmail.com

178

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cGgk"0f{, af6f / laDax

;fRr} g} ef]sn] af;Left geGbf] /x]5 . lgb|fn] d;fg3f6
klg geGbf] /x]5 . ef]s / lgb|f dflg;sf nflu slt / lsg cfjZos
/x]5g\ eGg] s'/f s'g} cgsG6f/sf] ofqfdf lgl:sPkl5 aNn yfxf
x'G5 . hlt;'s} wgf9\o xf];\ cyjf xl/tGgd ul/a o;n] s]xL e]befj
ub}{g .
;dfgtfsf] Jojxf/n] ;do cfPkl5 cfkm}F o;df gtd:ts x'bF f]
/x]5 . hf] / h;sf nflu klg oL b'O{ rLhlagfsf] hLjgn] ult lng
;Sb}g ;fob .
To;}n] 3/af6 aflx/ lgl:sFbf ;j{ky| d xfdL vfg]s/' fs} hf]/hfd
u5f}+{ . st} ofqfdf hfFbf xf];\ of st} k/b]z of uf]7fnf, v]tfnf,
3fF;bfp/f htf / hxfF xf];\ klxn] vfhfkfgLsf] hf]xf] ul/G5 . o;/L
kfOnf ;fg'k{ j" { vfgfsf] jGbf]a:tLdf xfdL ax't} a'l4 k'ofpg] ub{5f}F .
xfdLn] h] hlt b'Mv / kL8f Joxf]/s
] f 5f},F tL ;a} vfgs} lglDt
x'g\ . vfg'nfO{ g} xfdL afFrs
] f 5f}F clg afFRgnfO{ g} vfPsf 5f}F . vfg'
/ afFRg' clg afFRg' / vfg'df slt 3lgi7 ;DaGw /x]sf] 5 ;xh}
cg'dfg ug{ ;lsG5 . olb dflg;n] vfg' gkg{] x'GYof] eg] p;n] sfd
ofqf:kz{

179

ug{s
' f] klg ;DejtM s'g} cy{ /xg] lyPg . vfOPsf] 5 / afFRg
;lsPsf] 5 . afFlrPsf] 5 / g} vfg kfOPsf] 5 .
P];cf/fdsf] Hofgn] d'l:sn;Fu lxF8g\ ;s]sf] lyof] . sf]dn,
slnnf] w'sw'sLn] wGg lxF8/] cfkm"nfO{ prfOlt/ nDSofO/x]sf] lyof] .
t/ vfnL k]6df ;a} ;'vsf cg'el" tx ufoj eO/x]sf lyP . xfdLnfO{
ef]sn] P]7g u/fP/ cTofPsf] of] klxnf] 36gf lyof] . /f/fofqfdf
hfFbfsf cToGt sl7gtd\ kxf8 l5rf]ns
] f tLtf cg'ejx 5g\ .
g]kfnleqs} csf]{ g]kfnsf gfpFn] lrlgg] d'us
' f k"jf]Q
{ / ljs6
lxdfnL e]usf s'gfsGb/f rxfbf{ klg o:tf] ef]sf] Hofg ePg . o:tf]
xQ] / x}/fgLsf] k/fsfi6f klg lyPg . tL If]qdf t g vfg]s/' fs} s'g}
lrgf] e]l6of] g dflg;s} ;'lsnf] hLjgk|f0f xfFl;/x]sf] b]lvof] . b]lvof]
eg] Vofp6] / lvgfp6] km'ls9n Hofgsf] xb};Ddsf] xljut
=======ToxfF vfgfs} xfxfsf/, ToxfF gfgfs} xfxfsf/ b]lvof]
lahf]u / lalNnaf7sf] k/fsfi6f e]l6of] o:tf bogLo b[Zolrq
htftt} k|:6 k|s6 lyof] . hLjgdf c3fphL eft vfg gkfPsf]
hLjgdf Ps;/f] n'uf nufpg gkfPsf]
o:tf] cefuL Hofgb]lv hLjgdf slxNo} k};fsf] gfs, d'v b]Vg
gkfPsf g]kfnL cfTdf klg dhfn] hLjg lhO/x]sf lyP . o:tf 3fp
/ 36gfxsf] a]lnlj:tf/ ug{ nfu] csf]{ cfn]v tof/ xf]nf .
vf;u/L slnnf kfOnfn] s7f]/ kxf8sf pa8vfa8 af6f3f6fx
l5rf]Ng'kg]{ x'G5 . To;dfly slxn] psfnf] / slxn] cf]/fnf]sf cN5L
nfUbf af6f]sf cfofdel/ ;':s]/f / ysfOn] r'/r'/ x'Fb} hLjgsf]
uGtJo gfKg' ;lhnf] sbflk x'bF g} . k6\of/nfUbf If0fx clg nvt/fg
k/]sf] Hofgk|f0fsf lglDt vfg / cf/fd ug{ kfpg' sd 7"nf] pknlAwsf]
rLh x'bF g} .
olt a]nf Ps c~h'nL kfgLn] klg 7"nf] t[lKt lbG5 . olt a]nf
PskmfFsf] ds}n] klg cd[tsf] sfd ub{5 . olt a]nf ef]sf] k]6n] Hofg
180

ofqf:kz{

;f/;f}b+ f] /xFbg} . lxF8g\ ] ult / b]lvg] b[Zodf s'g} cfsif{0f klg x'bF g} .
olt a]nf b]lvg] k|sl[ tsf] ;'Gb/tf klg ;a} lkmSsf nfUg yfNb5 .
k]6df clnslt vfgfsf] vft nfu]kl5 aNn ;'? x'G5 ofqfsf] dHhf
cfFvfel/ 7f]lSsg cfpg] :jR5 lxdfnL 56f / lxdfnL xfjfx
clg l:gUw kxf8sf cgluGtL >[v
\ nfx ToxLF e]l6G5 / ToxLF
b]lvG5g\ k|sl[ tsf snfTds Sofgef;x ToxfF ljljw /sf k[ys\
ld7f;sf :jfb kfOG5 . ToxfF cfs[ltsf ;'Gb/ ;+/rgfx b[li6uf]r/
x'G5g\ . ToxfF km/s e"uf]nsf km/s jftfj/0f x'G5 . t/ cfFvfn]
e]65
\ dgdf]xs afGsL k|sl[ tkof{j/0fsf]
oxfFeGbf /dfOnf] cGt st} 5}gh:tf] nfU5 . oxfFeGbf dgf]/d
7fpF sxLFst} 5}g / e]l6Fb}g eGg] nfU5 . o:tf] k|s[ltsf] v'Nnf
jftfj/0fdf /Dg / /dfpg kfpg'sf] cfgGb / cfsif{0f g} a]Un}
x'bF f]/x]5 . o:tf] k|sl[ tdf pd hfU5 . o:tf] kl/j]zdf pT;fx a9\5 .
cGttM Ps}l5gdf ysfO efU5 . km]l/ Ps}l5gdf pT;fx hfU5 .
kxf8 l5rf]Ng'sf ;f/f Wo]o / wf]sf]x ToxfF k|s6 x'g yfNb5g\ .
lxdfn e]6\g'sf ;f/f d]nf]d];f]x ToxfF b[li6uf]r/ x'g yfNb5g\ .
k|sl[ tk|d
] Lsf nflu oL ;Dkbf / oL df}lns :jkx cs}{ u|xsf cs}{
:juL{o wfd x'G5g\ .
o:tf] nfU5, oL rLhlah ;a} xfd}| nflu x'g\ . xfdL pgLxs}
cfFug, anF;
] L, lkF9L / k]6Lxdf d:tn] jiff}b+{ l] v x/fO/x]sf] v';L e]6/]
cfkm}n
F fO{ lal;{/x]sf x'G5f}F . ofqfdf kfOnf b'vfP/ / k]6 l/TofP/
kl;gfkl;gf x'gs
' f] cy{ oxfFlg/ pknlAwd"ns nfUg yfNb5 .
ofqfdf xG8/ / 7Ss/ vfg'sf ;f/f k|tf8gfkL8fx If0fe/df
st} ufoa x'G5g\ . If0fe/df tL ;a} st} ljnLg x'g k'U5g\ . aNn
ToxfF hLjgdf gjLgtf pb\3fl6t x'G5 . hLjgdf hfFu/ / hf];
ylkG5 . ofqf ;fFRr} To;kl5 ofqfdo x'bF } Tof] clj:d/0fLo g} aG5 .

ofqf:kz{

181

ofqfdf k'gM lxF8g\ ' t 5Fb5

} . ysfO alNemg] klg t 5Fb5
} . u'8/]
/ p8]/ ul/g] ofqfeGbf lxF8/] ul/g] ofqfdf a]Un} ld7f; / dHhf klg
x'G5 . o:tf] ofqfdf b'vfOsf] kL8f klg :d/0fLo aG5 . 7f]lSsg], 7];
nfUg], 9'fn] lryf]g{] / sfF8fn] sf]kg]{ l;nl;nf rln/xG5 .
km"nn] DjfO vfg cfpg] / k|sl[ tsf] sf]dntfn] :kz{ u/L cf/fdsf]
cfgGb lbg] qmdfut >[\vnfsf] lg/Gt/tf klg eO/xG5 . t;y{
ofqfn] gofF cg'el" t / gf}nf] uGtJosf] kl/e|d0f u/fpF5 . hLjgn] h]
ef]Ug'kg]{ xf] Tof] 5Fb5
} . sl7gfOsf cgsG6f/nfO{ 5f]8/] cufl8 a9\gk' g]{
afWotf klg 5Fb5
} .
o:tf] sl7gfOsf] ofqfdf vfhfvfgfsf] Joj:yf gu/L lxF8]
ef]sn] ef}tF fl/g s'g} cfOtaf/} cfpg' kb}g{ . Tolt a]nf h'7f] / rf]vf]
jf af;Left cyjf lr;f] / sfFrf] of srlN6Psf] efth:tf] eP klg
To;n] cd[tsf] :jfb lbG5 . t[lKtsf] c;Ld ;Gt'li6df hLjgn] klg
zflGtsf] ;':s]/f km]g{ kfpF5 . o:tf]df ef]s dL7f] ls ef]hg egL
s;}nfO{ ;f]lw/xg' kb}g{ .
o:tf]df s] vfg] / s] gvfg] egL 5'6o\ fpg' klg x'bF g} . Ps k]6
vfg kfP k'Uof] . Ps emKsf] ;'Tg kfP eof] . oxfFeGbf :ju{ cGt st}
sxLF kfOFbg} klg . x'g t dflg;sf] clGtd ;To eGg' klg oxL vfg'
/ ;'Tg'afx]s c To:tf] s]xL 5}g . t/ oxL k|flKtdf dflg;n] cfh
s] dfq} ul//x]sf] 5}g / < olt ;fgf] ljifo eP klg jf:tjdf o;s}
lgx'd
F f w]/} ljs[lt / ljgfz eO/x]sf 5g\ .
kf]v/f 5f8]sf] bf];f| ] ;fFemkl5 ufF; / af;sf] ;d:ofn] xfdLnfO{
olt x}/fg kfof] ls To;sf] lx;fa ug]{ xf] eg] lj1 n]vfkfn jf
ul0flt1 cyjf ;dfhzf:qLs} cfjZostf knf{ kfx'gf ;Tsf/sf
dL7f kl/sf/ kSjfGgn] d'v ldlPsf] a]nf :jfb] lha|fn
] ] ef]s ;xg'sf]
s'/f 5f8f}F dL7f] vfg]s/' f klg lsrldr ug{ ;SYof] . t/ To:tf] Tof]
;f}hGo pknAw x'g ;s]g .

182

ofqf:kz{

lbgel/sf] lxF8fOkl5 Ps 5fs efts} clgsfn k/]kl5 cj:yf

cToGt} bogLo x'g' :jfefljs xf] . ;'vkl5 b'Mvsf] Tof] kxf8 ;fFRr}sf]
sl7g lyof] . cfFvfdf c3fpFhL b[Zosf vft}vft nfu] klg k]6df
z"Go cfFt t8\lkPkl5 ;'Gb/tfn] dfq} dg el/Fbf] /x]g 5 .
xl/ofnLsf cg]sf}F :jR5 b[Zox tyf k|sl[ tsf zfZjt / ;fIfft\
kIfx au]N| tL eP klg k]6k"hf g} kf] 7"nf] s'/f eOlbFbf] /x]5 . cfh
oxL k]6s} nflu dflg;n] cfkm"nfO{ sfddf nLg /fv]sf] 5 . ef/L
af]s/] xf];\ ls cGo Hofnfdhb'/L u/]/ of hflu/ vfP/ cflv/ oL ;a}
eGg' ToxL Ps 5fs k]6s} vflt/ dl/d]6g\ ' xf] . o;eGbf csf]{ k|flKt
o;df x'bF g} .
cGgk"0f{sf] c3fpFhL bz{gfy{ kfun ag]/ psflnPsf] lyof] dg
k|f0f . clg af6f]sf ;f/f ljs6tfnfO{ ljl;{P/ lxF8\g'sf] /tf/df
zf/Ll/s / dfgl;s ysfOsf] klg s'g} lx;falstfa} lyPg . ToxfF
kljq k|sl[ tsf] ;lGgs6tf lyof] . To;dfly lxdfnL xflb{stf xfFl;/x]sf]
x'GYof] .
dfofn' d':sfgsf :jfut / ;Tsf/df k|s[ltn] xfdLnfO{
8f]ofO/x]sf] lyof] . c;Lldt lxpFsf y'k|f]df el/k"0f{ ;f}Gbo{laDa
cf/]lvt cGgk"0f{ lxdfns} sfvdf dfofn' :kz{sf] cfTdLo ;b\efj
;fIffTsf/ x'GYof] . oL ;a} lhjGt hLjgsf Ps clj:d/0fLo If0f
lyP . oL ;a} ofqfsf uf}/jdo pknlAw x'Gy] . oL ;a} cg'el" tsf
ljzfn e08f/ aGy] .
cGgk"0f{ lxdfnsf] ;f}Gbo{df ;dflxt x'g dg r~rn ag]sf]
lyof] . o;nfO{ r'Dg r's]sf dflg; ;fob} xf]nfg\ . k|s[ltk|]dLsf
lglDt of] r'gf}tL / cj;/ klg xf] . s}ofF} ljb]zL kfx'gfx cGgk"0f{;uF
c3fpFhL eP/ cfNxflbt ag]sf 5g\ . cGgk"0f{ ;]/f]km]/f]sf s~rg
b[Zo;Fu ;fIffTsf/ ug{ kfP/ s[ts[To ePsf 5g\ . jf:tjdf g]kfn
t k|sl[ tsf] a/bfg g} xf] . g]kfn t ;'Gb/tfsf] vfgL g} xf] . t/ o;sf]
pkof]u xfdLn] ug{ ;ls/x]sf 5}gf}F .
ofqf:kz{

183

aNnaNn ofqfdf lgl:sFbf klg xfdLnfO{ vfgs} Wofg x'G5 .

vfg gkfP efpGg eP/ k|f0fkv]? OGt' g lrGt'sf] x'g k'U5 . a/f
g]kfnL Hofg g xf] ef]s ;xg g;Sg] . vfP/ afFrs
] f . afFr/] xfF;s
] f
xfdL
ef]s nfu]kl5 vfg kfpg' / lgb|f cfPkl5 ;'Tg kfpg'sf] k|flKt
g} sd ;'vbfos / cf/fdsf] x'bF g} . of] k|flKt sd dxj / sd
d"Nosf] klg x'bF g} /x]5 . lbgel/ psfnf]cf]/fnf] nuftf/sf] lxF8fOn]
un]/ km'ls9n ePsf] Hofgn] ufF; / af;afx]s c s] vf]Hg' < k]6
eg{ / cfFvf emKsfpg kfpg'eGbf cGo s'/f s] vf]Hbf] /x]5 /
o;kl5 dfq} c s'/fsf] dfu / cfjZostf x'g] /x]5 .
ca]/;Dd lxF8fOsf] Tof] ;fFem To:t} eof] . ca]nf;Dd gyfSg'sf]
kL8f To; /ft ToxfF k|s6 eof] . lj>fdkl5sf] hjfgL hLjgn] aNn
kf] ofqfsf] ld7f; dx;'; ug{ yfNbf] /x]5 . hLjg slt d"Nojfg 5,
hLjg lsg lxF8g\ ?rfpF5 eGg] s'/fsf] /x:o clg kf] v'Ng] /x]5 .
glxF8g\ ' jf st} s]xL klg gb]Vg' cyjf sxLFst} ghfg' cfkm}n
F fO{
cGwsf/df cndNofpg' xf] . cN5L kfn]/ hLjgnfO{ lg/fzfdf ;w}F
?jfO/fVg' xf] . o:tf] cK7\of/f] / o:tf] ps';d's;
' df hLjgn] xfF:g
;Sb}g . hLjgn] o:tf]df s'g} gofFkgsf] cfef; s]xL klg slxNo} klg
ug{ sbflk ;Sb} ;Sb}g .
To;}n] psfnf]s
] f] sl7gfO klg xf] hLjg . cFWof/f]sf] z"Gotf
klg xf] hLjg . em/Ljiff{, x'/Latf;, lxpFbavf{ slxNo} s]xL gegL
cfgf] uGtJodf ;bf k|lta4 Pp6f Odfgbf/ l;kfxL xf] hLjg
sl7g psfnf]sf] af6f] 6]s/] yfKnf]df yfs]sf] Hofg la;fpg
kfpg' clg ToxfFaf6 rf/}lt/sf b[Zodf cfFvf / dgnfO{ cfgGbsf]
prfOdf cjt/0f u/fpg'sf] dHhf klg ef]Ug]nfO{ g} yfxf x'G5 .
kxf8L t/]nLsf cg]s hF3f/x l5rf]n/] lxdfnL 56fdf k|jz
] x'bF f
184

ofqf:kz{

xfd|f dg o;/L /dfP ls oxfFeGbf k/ ca s'g} To:tf] 7fpF 5}g hxfF

cfFvfn] zLtntfsf] cg'el" t u|x0f ug{ ;Sb5 / dgn] zflGtsf] ;':s]/f
km]g{ kfpF5 .
cGttM ToxfF dgsf] xflb{stf k|sl[ tsf cfofdel/ ;dflxt x'gs
' f]
/dfOnf]df a]Un} k|sf/sf] k|km'Nntf k|s6 ul//x]sf x'G5g\ . xfdLn]
o:t} cg'ej ul//x]sf lyof}F . xfdLn] o:t} b[Zo b]lv/x]sf lyof}F .
lxF8fOsf] ysfgn] aNn cf/fd kfPsf] lyof] . ofqfsf] nIon]
aNn uGtJo e]6s
] f] lyof] . xfdL ofqLsf nflu olt g} k|flKt klg k|z:t
lyof] . xfd|f nflu olt g} ofqf klg cg'el" t k|flKtdf cg]sf}F pknlAw
lyof] . o;df k|sl[ tsf ;fIfft\ :jk k|s6 ePsf lyP .
o;df lxF8g\ s
' f] cf}lrTon] cfsf/ lnPsf] ;do lyof] . k|sl[ tsf
kfOnfkbrfkdf xfdL d:t lyof}F . k|sl[ tsf cfFug, an];
F L / dem]/L;Dd
lgZrn w/tLsf] w/fdf xfdL n'6k' 6' ' ul//x]sf lyof}+ . k|sl[ tsf s'Og]6f,
3'DtL / vs{x 6]Sb} kfOnfn] ;f:tLsf] s'g} kjf{x g} u/]sf] lyPg .
Psgfz lxF8fOsf] ult / k|sl[ tsf] dgf]/d kmfF6df dg em'ld/x]sf]
lyof] . of] o:tf] w/tL hxfF ;'Gb/ k|sl[ tsf] lgZrn Pjd\ lgd{n
jftfj/0fsf] dudu af;gf km}ln/x]Yof] . ToxfF hLjgsf] cfgGb xif{n]
/dfO/x]Yof] . dg} 5'g] a]nL, rd]nLsf] ;'dw'/ ;'uGw ;'zf]let lyof] .
xfdL lxdfnL xflb{stf / kxf8L t/]nLsf cgGtM cfofddf cf?9
eO/x]sf lyof}F . xfdLn] o;df zflGt / ;b\efj e]6o\ f}F . xfdLn] o;df
dfof / k|d
] kfof}F . xfdLn] o;d} hLjgsf] zfZjt ;To pb\3fl6t
ePsf] e]6o\ f}F .
jf:tjdf o;d} lyof] dfgjLo ;+jb] gf / hLjgsf ;'vb If0fx
To;}n] ofqfdf k|:yfg ug'{ eg]sf] hLjg / k|sl[ tnfO{ a'g' klg xf] .
cfkm"n] cfkm}n
F fO{ PskN6 kmls{P/ x]g{' klg xf] .

ofqf:kz{

185

af6f] k5\ofpFb} kfOnf lxF8g\ ' . kfOnfkfOnfdf gjLgtfsf rf

rfVg kfpg' . cfFvfel/ ck]Iff ul/Psf b[Zobz{gdf dgn] kf}8L v]Ng
kfpg'===oL ;a} g} Pp6f ofqLsf lglDt sd ;f}efUosf] s'/f xf]Og . oL
;a} jf:tjdf ofqfsfnel/ vf]lhg] rLh / ul/g] dL7f kl/sNkgf klg
x'g\ . log} vf]hL / log} kl/sNkgfs} l;nl;nfn] ofqfnfO{ cufl8
lxF8fpFbf] /x]5 .

186

ofqf:kz{