Welcome to BME/BIO 258

Barbara J. Davis, Ph.D. URMC Associate Professor of Neurobiology and Anatomy

Levels of Organization of the Human Body

Overview of Organ Systems

How Anatomists View the World

Gross anatomy

Histology: light microscopy (LM)

Electron microscopy (EM)

The Language of Anatomy

Planes of Section
Frontal Sagittal

Transverse

Directional Terminology

Cross Sectional Anatomy: CT Scan

Overview of Cell Structure

Plasma Membrane: composition and functions Celllular organelles
Membrane-bound: ER, Golgi, lysosomes, mitochondria Non membrane bound: free ribosomes, cytoskeleton

Nucleus

Diversity of Cell Types

General Design of Cell Structure

Model of Plasma Membrane

ICF

ECF

Detailed Model of Plasma Membrane

Movement of Substances Across the Plasma Membrane

Low power EM of a typical cell. The nucleus is prominent, but it is difficult to see the plasma membrane.

Composite diagram of a generic cell showing organelles and cell surface modifications

Model of apical surface of epithelial cell showing microvilli

EM of epithelial cells

Models of cilia

Scanning EM of epithelial cell surface Showing cilia

A Look At Cellular Organelles

Low power view of cell

High power view of cytoplasm

Ribosomes: The Protein Synthesizing Machinery

Lower power view of a cell that is actively synthesizing proteins. Note abundant RER and round, dark secretory granules.

Golgi Complex: Packaging and Sorting Secretory Proteins

RER (protein synthesis) versus SER (lipid synthesis)

R E R

SER

Simplified Overview of Protein Synthesis and Secretion

Lysosomes: Intracellular Housekeepers

Mitochondrion: The organelle of cellular energy metabolism

The Nucleus: Cellular Control Center

Chromatin Organization

Self Test: Identify: Golgi, Mitochondria, RER. SER, Nuclear Envelope, Nuclear Pores, Euchromatin, Heterochromatin, Nucleolus