Bo co thc tp tt nghip

BO CO THC TP TT NGHIP

TI:
Tm hiu v thc hin mch kch in p t
ngun c qui 12V ln 220V-500W

Gio vin hng dn :V Quang Hng

Sinh vin thc hin :
L Trung Hiu
on Trung Kin
Phm Quang Sng
L Cnh Ton
:C T ng ho 4 K54

Lp

Nhm 1

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MC LC
LI NI U
CHNG I : GII THIU V CC PHNG PHP.....................................
CHNG II : S DNG IC CD4047 v TRANSISTOR 2N3055....................
1. S nguyn l................................................................................
a. Mch iu khin..........................................................................
b. Mch lc......................................................................................
c. Linh kin s dng.........................................................................
2. Gii thiu chi tit cc linh kin.........................................................
a. Mch iu khin..........................................................................
IC CD4047................................................................................
IC LM324.................................................................................
b. Mch lc......................................................................................
Transistor H1061.....................................................................
Transistor 2N3055...................................................................
3. Nguyn l lm vic..........................................................................
4. Mch in............................................................................................
a. Mch iu khin..........................................................................
b. Mch lc......................................................................................
CHNG III : S DNG IC SG3525 v MOSFET IRF3205..........................
1. S nguyn l................................................................................
a. S
.............................................................................................
b. Linh kin s
dng.........................................................................

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2. Gii thiu chi tit cc linh kin.........................................................
a. IC SG3525.....................................................................................
b. MOSFET IRF3205..........................................................................
3. Nguyn l lm vic...........................................................................
4. Mch in.............................................................................................
CHNG IV : BIN P...............................................................................
CHNG V : KT LUN.............................................................................
KT LUN...................................................................................................
TI LIU THAM KHO................................................................................
PH LC.....................................................................................................

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LI NI U

Trong thi i ngy nay in t cng sut ng mt vai tr ht sc quan

trng trong i sng.Vic bin i nng lng t dng ny sang dng khc nh
cc mch cng sut c ng dng rng ri.c bit nh c s pht trin ca van
bn dn cng sut m lnh vc ny ngy cng pht trin mnh m.Ta c th phn
loi thnh mt s dng bin i sau: ACDC (Chnh lu) ; DCAC (Nghch lu) ;
ACAC(iu chnh in p xoay chiu);DCDC(iu chnh in p mt
chiu).Mi nhm trn u c nhng ng dng ring ca n trong tng lnh vc c
th.
Qu trnh thc tp ny di s hng dn ca thy V Quang Hng chng
em i su tm hiu mng bin i nng lng mt chiu ra nng lng xoay chiu
m c th l mch kch in p 12V mt chiu ln in p 220V xoay chiu cng
sut 500W.Mch ny c ng dng nhiu trong i sng sinh hot.Mch c
nhim v cung cp ngun nng lng cho ti khi xy ra s c mt in.Do thi
gian thc tp khng nhiu nn cng dng ca mch vn cn nhiu hn ch.Chng
em s tip tc tm hiu v pht trin m rng hn na cc ng dng ca mch
sau ny.
Trong thi gian thc tp va qua nhm em xin chn thnh cm n s
hng dn v ch bo tn tnh ca thy V Quang Hng.Thy gip chng em c
c thm nhiu nhng kin thc v kinh nghim qu bu phc v cho vic
hc tp cng nh cho cng vic trong tng lai.Sau y chng em xin trnh by v
mch v nhng kin thc chng em tm hiu c trong thi gian thc tp
va qua.

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CHNG I : GII THIU V CC PHNG PHP

C 2 phng php bin i in p 1 chiu 12V ln in p xoay chiu

220V

Phng php th nht: in p 1 chiu 12V c nghch lu thnh in p 12V

xoay chiu sau in p 12V xoay chiu ny c a qua my bin p a
ln in p 220V-500W.y l phng php bin i gin tip.Nhc im ca
phng php ny l c s hao tn cng sut trong qu trnh nghch lu.Tuy nhin
vi phng php ny th in p qua 1 s khu na c th cho dng sin hn
u ra.

Phng php th hai: in p 1 chiu 12V c a thng vo bin p a

ln in p 220V xoay chiu.in p 1 chiu ny cho qua my bin p bng cch
ng m lin tc nh cc van cng sut vi tn s ca li in 50Hz.u im
ca phng php ny l khng c s tn hao cng sut nhiu do c s bin i
trc tip v cu to mch kh n gin.Tuy nhin phng php ny cng c
nhng nhc im ca n.in p u ra c dng xung khng sin nh hng ln
n ti cm. y do thi gian tm hiu cn hn ch nn chng em thc hin qu
trnh ny bng phng php hai tc l bin i trc tip.

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CHNG II :BIN I 12V DC SANG 220V AC DNG

IC CD4047 v TRANSISTOR 2N3055
1. S NGUYN L
a. Mch iu khin
Nhim v ca mch ny l to ra xung iu khin s ng m ca
transistor mch lc

Hnh 1 : Mch iu khin s dng CD4047 v LM324

b. Mch lc

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Mch ny thc hin nhim v ng m cho dng in qua my bin p to
dng xoay chiu.

Hnh 2 : Mch lc s dng BJT 2N3055

c. Linh kin s dng
Mch iu khin
1 bin tr 1k m
1 t in ha 4.7F
1 IC 4047
1 IC LM324
2 in tr 4.7k m

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Cc Connector u vo v u ra ca mch
Mch lc
2 transistor cng sut tm trung H1061
6 transistor cng sut 2N3055
Cc Connector u vo v u ra ca mch
2. GII THIU CHI TIT CC LINH KIN
a. Mch iu khin
IC 4047

Hnh 3 : S chn CD4047.

Chn 1
Chn 2
Chn 3
Chn 4
Chn 5
Chn 6
Chn 7
Nhm 1

: C-Timing c ni vi u dng ca t
: R-Timing c ni vi 1 u ca tr 1k
: u chung ca RC
: Trng thi bn
: Trng thi khng bn
: Chn kch khi m
: GND
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Chn 8
Chn 9
Chn 10
Chn 11
Chn 12
Chn 13
Chn 14

: Chn kch khi dng

: Thit lp li trng thi ban u
: u ra Q khng o
: u ra Q o
: Kch khi li
: u ra OSC
: VCC(t 3V n 15V)

rng ca xung vung u ra IC 4047 c tnh theo cng thc:

TOSC = 2.48 R C
fOSC =

Hnh 4 : S khi.

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Hnh 5 : S logic

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IC LM324

Hnh 6 : S chn
Chn 1: u ra
Chn 2: u vo o
Chn 3: u vo khng o
Chn 4: VCC
Chn 5: u vo khng o
Chn 6: u vo o
Chn 7: u ra
Chn 8: u ra
Chn 9: u vo o
Chn 10: u vo khng o
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Chn 11: GND
Chn 12: u vo khng o
Chn 13: u vo o
Chn 14: u ra

Hnh 7 : S mch 1/4

b. Mch lc
Transistor H1061(NPN)

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Hnh 8 :Hnh dng thc kiu ng gi TO -220AB

Hnh 9 :Th t chn

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Hnh 10 : Bng gi tr ln nht ca in p gia cc cc v dng qua n

y l transistor cng sut tm trung kh ph bin c th d dng tm mua ngoi
th trng
Transistor 2N3055(NPN)

Hnh 11 : Hnh dng tht kiu ng gi TO-204AA (TO -3)

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Hnh 12 : Th t chn

Hnh 13 : Bng gi tr ln nht ca in p gia cc cc v dng qua n

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3. NGUYN L HOT NG.
Khi i u khi n: Nh gii thiu trn mch iu khin gm cc linh kin
chnh l IC 4047 v LM324.
IC 4047 ng vai tr chnh trong mch ny.IC ny c nui bng ngun 12V cung
cp vo chn 14.Qua IC ny to ra c 2 xung dng c gi tr ngc nhau ti 2
chn u ra Q v Q o.Cp RC c tc dng to dao ng, ta c th thay i tn
s u ra ca xung iu khin bng cch iu chnh gi tr ca bin tr.
Sau xung ny c a qua 2 b khuch i thut ton ca LM324.
trnh dng vo qu ln t xung u ra ca IC 4047 c th gy hng LM324 ta cho
dng ra ny qua 1 in tr 4.7k m mi cng ra Q v Q o.Sau khi xung vo LM
324 s c khuch i ln c th m c transistor H1061 mch lc.Xung
u ra 4047 c cp vo chn khng o ca ca b khuch i thut ton cn
chn o ly in p phn hi u ra ca b khuch i thut ton.in p bo
ha ly l 12V.Xung u ra ca LM 324 c nhim v ng m cc transistor
mch lc vi tn s 50Hz.
Khi m ch l c: Khi c xung dng u ra Q u ra Q o s bng 0, n H1061
transitor ny s c thng cc B, iu ny lm cho c dng ch o chy qua
cc C v cc E ca transistor ny.Khin c dng ch o qua cc B ca transistor
2N3055 th nht.Transistor ny m lm m cp 2 transistor 2N3055 mc song
song sau.Cp transistor ny m lm dng chnh t c qui chy qua cun s cp,
qua cp transistor ri v t.Do c dng qua cun s cp nn bn cun th cp s
xut hin 1 sc in ng sinh ra dng chy theo 1 chiu no m ta tm gi l
na chu k dng ca cun th cp.Tip khi c xung dng Q o u ra Q s
bng 0 cp transitor di s m sinh ra na chu k m bn cun th cp.C nh
th vic ng m transistor vi tn s 50Hz nh 4047 s sinh ra in p bin
thin vi tn s 50Hz cun s cp.Tuy nhin in p ny s c dng xung vung
khng sin v vic ng m ngun 1 chiu 12V ch to ra c cc xung vung.

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4. MCH IN
a. Mch iu khin

Hnh 14 : Mch in mch iu khin

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b. Mch lc

Hnh 15 : Mch lc

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CHNG III : BIN I 12V DC SANG 220V AC DNG
SG3525 v MOSFET IRF3205
1. S NGUYN L
a. S nguyn l

Hnh 16 : S nguyn l

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b. LINH KIN S DNG TRONG MCH .

STT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15

Loi
in tr

T in

Bin tr
Diode
IC PWM
MOSFET
u ni

K hiu
R1
R2
R3,R5,R7,R8
R4,R6
R9
R10
C1
C2
C3
C4,C5
RV1,RV2
D1
U1
Q1,Q2
J1,2,3,4

Gi tr
470
100 k
10 k
100 - 1W
100
4.7 k
104 ( 1 uF)
10 uF
10uF
103 ( 0.1 uF)
50K
4007
SG3525
IRF 3205

Miu t cch ng gi
RES 40
RES40
RES 40
RES 40
RES 40
RES 40
T gm
ELEC-RAD30
T ho lc
T gm
Bin tr chnh tinh
DO-41
TO-220AB
TO-220

2. GII THIU CHI TIT CC LINH KIN

a. IC iu ch PWM Motorola SG3525
Gii thiu s lc v IC SG3525
IC ny l IC dng to xung vung dng,u im ca IC ny so vi IC tng
t nh TIMER 555,556 hay CD4047 l IC ny c kh nng chuyn sang ch SoftStart khi in p vo khng t yu cu hay shutdown bo v IC.Ngoi ra IC
ny c hi tip phn hi v b sai lch v u vo iu chnh sao cho u ra
chnh xc hn so vi cc h IC khc.
IC cho ra 2 xung vung u ra A v B lch nhau.

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Cng thc tnh.

TOSC = CT RT
fOSC =
fOSC = 0.1 400 kHz

ng gi

Hnh 17 : SG3525 tip v ng N c ng gi theo chun DIL-16.

Hnh 18 : SG3525 tip v ng DW c ng gi theo chun SO-16L

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Pin

Hnh 19 : S pin ca SG3525

Gii thiu v cc chn ca SG3525

Pin 1- Inv.Input : u vo o.
Pin2 - Noninv.Input : u vo khng o.
Pin 3- Sync : Chn ng b ho,cho php ng b xung vi cc n v khc
hoc vi mt b dao ng gn ngoi.
Pin 4 - OSC Output : u ra xung ca b tao do ng gn trong.
Pin 5 - CT : Chn ny gn vi mt t in quyt nh tn s dao ng ca b
to dao ng =>quyt nh xung ra,CT= 0.001uF-0.2uF.
Pin 6 - RT : Gn vi mt in tr quyt nh tn s ca b to dao ng
=>quyt nh xung ra,RT=2.0k - 150k.
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Pin 7 - Discharge : Chn x t,chn ny c ni vi t v 1 in tr gn
gia CT s quyt nh thi gian cch gia cc xung.
Pin 8 - Soft-Start : Chn ny ni vi 1 t gip khi ng m hn v ch
soft-start c kch hot khi so snh vi in p tham chiu Vref
Pin 9 - Compensation : Chn b chn ny c hi tip v chn u vo
o gp phn iu chnh xung ra s b nu c sai lch v xung
Pin 10 - Shutdown : Chn shutdown kim sot mch soft-start v c mc ra
.Khi in p cp vo khng t yu cu th qua chn ny s iu khin mch
soft-start hot ng ngoi ra pin shutdown ny cng c ni hi tip v
u vo khng o khi iu chnh u ra ni t bo v IC.
Pin 11 - Output A : u ra A,xung vung dng.
Pin 12 - Ground : Ni t.
Pin 13 - VC : in p collector ca transistor mc Darlington trong
SG3525(xem Hnh 4 Miu t cc khi chc nng ca SG3525).in p cp
vo pin ny t 4.5V n 35V
Pin 14 - Output B : u ra B,xung vung dng nhng lch so vi xung ra
chn A
Pin 15 - VCC : in p vo.Di in p hot ng t 8.0V n 35V
Pin 16 - Vref : in p tham chiu in p tham chiu c gi tr thp nht l
5.0V cao nht l 5.2V thng thng l 5.1V dng ln nht vo pin ny l
50mA ti u l 20mA.in p ny s dng so snh vi in p vo chn
Soft-Start tham chiu ch Soft-Start v Shutdown

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Hnh 20 : S khi chc nng

b. MOSFET IRF3205
MOSFET IRF3205 l MOSFET loi N(MOSFET ngc) khi in p c a vo
cc G m MOSFET th dng t D v S.IRF3205 c ch to c diode t S
v D tr cng sut phn khng v ngun.
Cc thng s c bn quan trng ca MOSFET
VDSS : in p nh thng tip gip gia cc mng D(Drain) v cc ngun
S(Source).
ID : Dng lin tc ti a qua cc mng 110A ( in p 10V )
IDM : Dng xung ti a qua cc mng 390A.

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Hnh v minh ho

Hnh 21 : S thay th

Hnh 22 : Hnh dng thc t ng gi chun TO-220AB

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Hnh 23 : B tr chn
Pin 1 : Gate Pin 2 : Drain Pin 3 :Source Pin 4 : Drain
3. NGUYN L LM VIC.
u tin xung vung c pht ra pin A vo chn G ca MOSFET Q1 lm cho
MOSFET m v dn dng t D=>S.
Sau khi xung A ngt pin B pht ra xung vo chn G ca MOSFET Q2 lm cho
MOSFET m dn dng t D=>S.
Do 2 MOSFET Q1 v Q2 c mc ngc nhau v dn ln lt nn s to thnh
dng xoay chiu.
in p ra c iu chnh nh bin tr RV2.
Tn s in p ra c iu chnh bng bin tr RV1.
4. MCH IN.

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Hnh 24. Mch in.

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Hnh 25 : S b tr linh kin.

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CHNG 4 : TNH TON BIN P
Gii thiu s lc v my bin p: My bin p c s dng rng ri v rt
ph bin trong lnh vc in. Ta c th dng my bin p tng hoc h p ty
theo yu cu v mc ch s dng.C nhiu loi my bin p, mi loi c nhng
u nhc im v ng dng khc nhau v d nh: bin p t ngu, bin p xung,
bin p 1 pha, bin p 3 pha..
My bin p gm cc phn c bn sau: Li thp, dy qun, khung
Vi cc s liu ban u
in p u vo 12V
in p u ra 220V
Cng sut 500W

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HNH 16 & 17:Miu t cc thng s MBA

Tit din thc ca li st(phn tr):

S0=K*S
Trong S=a*b
K=0.9 i vi l thp E c b dy 0.35mm
K=0.93 i vi l thp E c b dy 0.5mm
K=0.8-0.85 i vi l thp b han g v li lm
Tit din thc tnh theo cng sut my bin p:
S0=1.2 =1.2

=26.83(cm2)

Chn chiu di v chiu rng ca li ln lt l 3.5 cm v 7.7 cm

Dng in bn cun s cp: Isc=P/Usc=500/12=41(A)
Dng in bn cun th cp: ITC=P/UTC=500/220=2.2(A)
Tnh ton tit din ca dy qun s cp v th cp:
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Tit din ca dy qun c tnh theo mt dng in:
J=4(A/mm2)-cng sut t (0-50VA)
J=3.5(A/mm2)-cng sut t (50-100VA)
J=3(A/mm2)-cng sut t (100-200VA)
J=2.5(A/mm2)-cng sut t (200-500VA)
J=2(A/mm2)-cng sut t (500-1000VA)
y ta chn J=2.5(A/mm2)
Suy ra thit din dy qun s cp: Asc=J/Isc=2.5/41=0.061
Dsc=2

=0.279(cm) => chn Dsc=3mm

Thit din dy qun th cp: Atc=J/Itc=2.5/2.2=1.136

Dtc=2

=0.8(mm)

Tnh s vng cn qun ca cun s cp v th cp:

Cun s cp: Nsc=(K*Usc)/(BS0)+sai s=(45*11)/26.83+sai s=20(vng)
Cun th cp: Ntc=(K*Utc)/(BS0)+sai s=(45*220)/26.83+sai s=370(vng)
Trong K=45 ; B=1T
Nh vy khung bin p v kch thc dy, s vng cun s cp c tnh
ton. cun s cp ni vi ngun 12V mt chiu v mch lc gm 2 cun s
cp c s vng bng nhau c qun cng chiu nhau v ni chung u cui
to thnh im gia chung.im chung ny c ni vo ngun 12V mt
chiu.

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KT LUN
Qua qu trnh lp rp v th nghim 2 phng n trn phng n th nht
cn s van nhiu hn => cng knh v kh nng chu dng ca 2N3055 km
hn rt nhiu so vi IRF 3205.Ngoi ra linh hot ca phng n th nht
cng km hn so vi phng n th hai.Mch phng n th 2 c th hiu
chnh c c tn s ln in p ra, nh vy s linh hot hn khng i hi
kht khe v vic qun bin p nh phng n th nht
Qu trnh chy th v nhng kt lun nh trn nn ta s la chn phng n
th hai

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TI LIU THAM KHO

Dientuvietnam.net
Hoiquandientu.com
Hng dn thit k in t cng sut-Phm Quc Hi
Datasheetcatalog.com
V nhiu ti liu khc t Internet

PH LC
B sung sau

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