TURNING TORSO @ MALMO, SWEDEN BY SANTIAGO CALATRAVA

arch 631 c a s e s t u d y turning torso

santiago calatrava
artist structural engineer architect

structure
no of floors 57 basement 2 height 190.4 mts 9 cubes of 5 floors each each floor: 1.6 deg each cube: 10 deg

facts
building : mixed use 1st to 2nd cube : commercial space 3rd to 9th cube: residential space cost : 235million US$

materials
concrete core-shear walls concrete floor slabs steel spine

arch 631 c a s e s t u d y turning torso

architectural concept

designed to look like a turning human body nine vertically stacked cubes twisted 90 degrees from bottom to top steel spine twists along with the structure similar to spine and ribs of the human body
arch 631 c a s e s t u d y turning torso

structural concept
concrete floor slab 1ft thk cantilevered from the core concrete tube core r =10.6 mts concrete perimeter column steel spine pin connected

arch 631 c a s e s t u d y turning torso

steel spine
as exoskeleton for the structure reduces wind displacement acts as a reinforcing truss consists of 20 horizontal and 18 diagonal members known as cigars

lateral load transfer

steel spine

foundation
perimeter walls cantilever floor slabs central core foundation
arch 631 c a s e s t u d y turning torso

concrete perimeter column vertically continuous perimeter walls concrete floor slab cantilevered from core

circular hallway concrete core

glass and aluminium facade

typical floor plan

17 mts arch 631 c a s e s t u d y turning torso

construction process
self climbing slip forms steel spine erected using air-driven winches steel treated with special anticorrosive paint

arch 631 c a s e s t u d y turning torso

analysis
wind load calculations velocity pressure = qz = 0.613. Kz .Kzt .Kd .V2. I (N/m2 ) design wind load = F = qz.G.Cf.Af (N) wind velocity at each floor = Vr.(h/hr).K wind velocity (reference) = Vr = 44m/sec hr = 10 mts h = ht of floor above ground K = 1/5

Kz = exposure category Kzt = topographic factor Kd = wind directionality factor V = wind speed I = importance factor G = gust effect factor Cf = force coefficient Af = projected area

note: all values from ASCE-07 all factors are generic factors not dependent on geographic location
arch 631 c a s e s t u d y turning torso

axial force diagram

shear force diagram

arch 631 c a s e s t u d y turning torso

moment diagram

deflection diagram + anim

y x

arch 631 c a s e s t u d y turning torso

conclusion
example of a structure where steel exoskeleton is used as an efficient lateral bracing mechanism central core in concrete is the main element responsible for transferring vertical loads towards the foundation

resources
http://skyscraperpage.com/diagrams/?b8368 http://www.dexigner.com/design_news/2482.html http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=8368 http://www.turningtorso.com/html/faq_en.htm

http://www.designbuild-network.com/projects/turning-torso/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turning_Torso
arch 631 c a s e s t u d y turning torso

thank you

team charul mehta jeremy harper nupur gupta thomas oomen

arch 631 c a s e s t u d y turning torso