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GSM and Umts Protocols and Call Flow
GSM and Umts Protocols and Call Flow
By Kiran Koona
Overview
1.
2. 3.
4.
GSM Protocols and Call flow GPRS Protocols and Call flow UMTS Protocols and Call flow HSDPA and HSUPA Protocols.
GSM
GSM Architecture-Interfaces
Layer 1 Protocol TDMA Time Division Multiple Access G.703 ITU PCM frame structure MTP Message Transfer Part
3-Layer Model
Layer 2 Protocols LAPDm Link Access Protocol D-channel-mobile LAPD Link Access Protocol D-Channel
Layer 3 Protocols RR Radio Resource Management MM Mobility Management CM Connection management BTSM Base Transceiver Station Management SCCP Signalling Connection Control Part BSSMAP Base Station Subsystem MAP-Mobile Application Part DTAP Direct Transfer Application Part
TUP , ISUP
Physical Layer
Txn of bits 2. Error detection and Correction 3. Interleaving 4. Burst Formating 5. Measurements 6. Power Control 7. Modulation and Demodulation BTS-BSC: 64Kbps BSC-MSC:2Mbps (32*64Kbps)
1.
Physical Layer
Layer-3: RRM
Protocols: RR, RSM, BSSAP.
1.
2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
7. 8. 9. 10.
Cell selection and Reselection Control Handover procedure Establishing , maintaining, monitoring and releasing the channels Monitoring and forwarding of radio connections Introduction of encryption Change in transmission mode ,Channel coding depending on channel conditions Advise L1 and L2 MS level measurement commands control Frequency redefinition Downlink Freq hopping Broadcasting System Information Downlink Paging
RRM Messages
Layer-3:MM
Protocols : DTAP,MAP.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
Authentication request/response Ciphering Information/Commands from MSC Abort from MSC Auth Failure Normal location Updating request/response Periodic location update TMSI Reallocation Procedure IMSI attach/detach IMEI request/response
MM Messages
Layer-3:CM
1. 2. 3.
Call control (CC) - manages call connections, Supplementary service support (SS) - handles special services Short message service support (SMS) - transfers brief texts.
CC: Mobile-originating call establishment Setup message Mobile-terminating call establishment Paging Call clearing initiated by the network Call clearing initiated by the Mobile DTMF SS: Call Forwarding Call waiting ,Call Hold and Conference Multi Call CLIP,CLIR ,COLP and COLR SMS:
CM Messages
SS 7
To provide General purpose Signaling system to be used globally.
SS 7 Architecture
SSP, STP and SCP
SS 7 Logical Network
MAP
MAP messages are carried by TCAP when dealing with Database centre. MAP Sessions: Open, Close. Message Types: Request, Response, Notification and Confirmation.
GTT
IMSI Attach
Location Update
Call Origination
2929
Call Clearing
IMSI Detach
MSRN Usage
Our HLR Knows where our Customer is, Only our GMSC can inquire our HLR
GPRS
GPRS Architecture-Interfaces
Packet Fragmentation
MAC
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7.
MAC arbitrates access to the shared medium between multiple MSs and GPRS network. Uplink: Managing limited resourcesSlotted Aloha Downlink: Queuing and Scheduling of access attempts. Priority handling between data flows of one UE Priority handling between UEs by means of dynamic schedulingDownlink Channel mapping Traffic Volume monitoring
RLC
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6.
7. 8. 9.
10.
SAR Concatenation Padding Error Correction---CRC, ARQ (For AM) In-Sequence delivery of SDUs Duplicate detection Flow control Sequence number check---UM Suspend/resume functionality SDU discard
LLC
Provide a reliable logical link between MS and SGSN. LLC messages are transparent to RAN. Transmission in Asynchronous Disconnected Mode and Asynchronous Balanced Mode Ciphering. Transfer of PDUs of Higher Layers C-Plane: attach, authentication and PDP activation U-Plane: carry actual data. Can be AM or UM
SNDCP
Transparent over BSS. Used only in U-Plane
multiplexing of PDPs. Can be AM or UM
compression of user data (including IP header compression) RFC 1154 & 2507
segmentation of data packets to be passed to the LLC layer.
Frame Relay
Meshed N/W Frame Relay
Frame Relay
Speed up to 2 Mbps.
Simple. Superseded by ATM
BSSGP
Transport both control and User data. Provide the required QoS. One-to-one mapping of BSSGP between SGSN and BSS.
GTP
1. 2. 3.
GTP-U and GTP-C. Uses TCP for Reliable link Uses UDP for non-Reliable link
GPRS Callflow
GPRS Attach
PDP
Data Transfer to MS
Security
GPRS Detach
UMTS
Architecture-Interfaces
Access Stratum
MAC
Logical to Transport Conversion
MAC functionalities
1. 2.
3. 4.
5. 6.
7. 8. 9. 10.
Mapping between logical channels and transport channels Selection of appropriate TF (from the TFCS) for each Transport Channel, depending on the instantaneous source rate Priority handling between data flows of one UE Priority handling between UEs by means of dynamic scheduling Downlink Identification of UEs on common transport channels Multiplexing/demultiplexing of higher layer protocol data units (PDUs) Traffic volume monitoringDown link Dynamic Transport Channel type switching CipheringRLC (TM) Access Service Class (ASC) selection for RACH transmission
RLC
1. 2.
3.
Transparent mode (Tr) , Unacknowledged Mode (UM) or Acknowledged Mode (AM) Tr and UM RLC entities are defined to be unidirectional, whereas the AM-mode entities are described as bidirectional TrVoice Call Video Call, UMVOIP, Streaming
RLC functionalities
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
11.
Segmentation and reassembly Concatenation Padding Transfer of user data Error correction----ARQ In-sequence delivery of higher layer PDUs Duplicate detection Flow control SN check (unacknowledged data transfer mode). Ciphering is performed in the RLC layer for acknowledged and unacknowledged modes. Suspend/resume function for data transfer
RLC Dataflow
RRC
1. 2. 3. 4.
5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11.
12.
13. 14. 15. 16. 17.
Broadcast of system information Paging and notification Initial cell selection and reselection Establishment, maintenance and release of an RRC connection Establishment and release of Radio bearers Control of ciphering Integrity protection of signalling messages UE measurement reporting and control of the reporting RRC connection mobility functions Support of SRNS relocation Support for downlink outer loop power control in the UE Open-loop power control CBS-related functions (BMC) Handovers---preparation and execution Control of requested QoS Routing of Higher layer PDUs (Direct transfer) MBMS control
RRC States
BMC
BMC: Broadcast/Multicast Control Protocol
SMS-CB service
1. 2.
3. 4.
Storage of CB Traffic volume monitoring and radio resource request for CBS Scheduling of BMC messages Transmission of BMC messages to UE
PDCP
PDCP: Packet Data Convergence Protocol
1. 2.
3.
4.
PS Domain PDCP contains compression methods, which are needed to get better spectral efficiency over radio interface. IP Packet header compression. Eg: 40 bytes for IPv4 and at least 60 bytes for IPv6. (RFC 2507) Transfer of user data
R99 Channels
Paging
Paging Type 1 through PCCH Paging Type-2 through DCCH RRC Connection CCCH
LU in CS domain
RU in PS domain
New Functionalities
References
1.
2.
3. 4. 5.
3G TS 25.321, MAC Protocol Specification. 3G TS 25.322, RLC Protocol Specification. 3G TS 25.323, PDCP Protocol Specification 3G TS 25.331, RRC Protocol Specification 3G TS 25.324, Broadcast/Multicast Control Protocol (BMC) Specification 3G TS 25.302, Services Provided by the Physical Layer 3GPP TS 25.331 RRC specification 3GPP TS 25.413 RANAP 3GPP TS 25.423 RANSAP 3GPP TS 25.433 NBAP GSM.System.Engineering.-.Artech BOOK, by Asha Mehrotra. GPRS BOOK-MC-HIL by R.J. Bates. WCDM for UMTS-Wiley H.Holma and A.Toskala SS7 MC-HILL by Travel Russel
Datagram
Virtual Circuit