2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994

1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1988 1987 1986 1985 1984 1983 1982 1981 1980 1979 1978 1977 1976 1975 1974 1973 1972 1971 1970 1969 1968 1967 1966 1965 1964 1963 1962 1961 1960 1959 1958 1957 1956 1955

LITERATURA Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clzio Doris Lessing Orhan Pamuk Harold Pinter Elfriede Jelinek J. M. Coetzee Imre Kertsz V. S. Naipaul Gao Xingjian Gnter Grass Jos Saramago Dario Fo Wislawa Szymborska Seamus Heaney Kenzaburo Oe Toni Morrison Derek Walcott Nadine Gordimer Octavio Paz Camilo Jos Cela Naguib Mahfouz Joseph Brodsky Wole Soyinka Claude Simon Jaroslav Seifert William Golding Gabriel Garca Mrquez Elias Canetti Czeslaw Milosz Odysseus Elytis Isaac Bashevis Singer Vicente Aleixandre Saul Bellow Eugenio Montale Eyvind Johnson, Harry Martinson Patrick White Heinrich Bll Pablo Neruda Alexandr Solzhenitsyn Samuel Beckett Yasunari Kawabata Miguel Angel Asturias Shmuel Agnon, Nelly Sachs Mikhail Sholokhov Jean-Paul Sartre Giorgos Seferis John Steinbeck Ivo Andric Saint-John Perse Salvatore Quasimodo Boris Pasternak Albert Camus Juan Ramn Jimnez Halldr Laxness

PAZ Martti Ahtisaari Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Al Gore Muhammad Yunus, Grameen Bank International Atomic Energy Agency, Mohamed ElBaradei Wangari Maathai Shirin Ebadi Jimmy Carter United Nations, Kofi Annan Kim Dae-jung Mdecins Sans Frontires John Hume, David Trimble International Campaign to Ban Landmines, Jody Williams Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo, Jos Ramos-Horta Joseph Rotblat, Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs Yasser Arafat, Shimon Peres, Yitzhak Rabin Nelson Mandela, F.W. de Klerk Rigoberta Mench Tum Aung San Suu Kyi Mikhail Gorbachev The 14th Dalai Lama United Nations Peacekeeping Forces Oscar Arias Snchez Elie Wiesel International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War Desmond Tutu Lech Walesa Alva Myrdal, Alfonso Garca Robles Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees

Adolfo Prez Esquivel

Mother Teresa Anwar al-Sadat, Menachem Begin Amnesty International Betty Williams, Mairead Corrigan Andrei Sakharov Sen MacBride, Eisaku Sato Henry Kissinger, Le Duc Tho The prize money for 1972 was allocated to the Main Fund Willy Brandt Norman Borlaug International Labour Organization Ren Cassin

United Nations Children's Fund Martin Luther King Jr. International Committee of the Red Cross, League of Red Cross Societies Linus Pauling Dag Hammarskjld Albert Lutuli Philip Noel-Baker Georges Pire Lester Bowles Pearson

1954 1953 1952 1951 1950 1949 1948 1947 1946 1945 1944 1943 1942 1941 1940 1939 1938 1937 1936 1935 1934 1933 1932 1931 1930 1929 1928 1927 1926 1925 1924 1923 1922 1921 1920 1919 1918 1917 1916 1915 1914 1913 1912 1911 1910 1909 1908 1907 1906 1905 1904 1903 1902 1901

Ernest Hemingway Winston Churchill Franois Mauriac Pr Lagerkvist Bertrand Russell William Faulkner T.S. Eliot Andr Gide Hermann Hesse Gabriela Mistral Johannes V. Jensen

Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees George C. Marshall Albert Schweitzer Lon Jouhaux Ralph Bunche Lord Boyd Orr Friends Service Council, American Friends Service Committee Emily Greene Balch, John R. Mott Cordell Hull International Committee of the Red Cross

Frans Eemil Sillanp Pearl Buck Roger Martin du Gard Eugene O'Neill Luigi Pirandello Ivan Bunin John Galsworthy Erik Axel Karlfeldt Sinclair Lewis Thomas Mann Sigrid Undset Henri Bergson Grazia Deledda George Bernard Shaw Wladyslaw Reymont William Butler Yeats Jacinto Benavente Anatole France Knut Hamsun Carl Spitteler

Nansen International Office for Refugees Robert Cecil

Carlos Saavedra Lamas

Carl von Ossietzky Arthur Henderson Sir Norman Angell Jane Addams, Nicholas Murray Butler Nathan Sderblom Frank B. Kellogg Ferdinand Buisson, Ludwig Quidde Aristide Briand, Gustav Stresemann Sir Austen Chamberlain, Charles G. Dawes

Fridtjof Nansen Hjalmar Branting, Christian Lange Lon Bourgeois Woodrow Wilson

Karl Gjellerup, Henrik PontoppidanInternational Committee of the Red Cross Verner von Heidenstam Romain Rolland Rabindranath Tagore Gerhart Hauptmann Maurice Maeterlinck Paul Heyse Selma Lagerlf Rudolf Eucken Rudyard Kipling Giosu Carducci Henryk Sienkiewicz Frdric Mistral, Jos Echegaray Bjrnstjerne Bjrnson Theodor Mommsen Sully Prudhomme Henri La Fontaine Elihu Root Tobias Asser, Alfred Fried Permanent International Peace Bureau Auguste Beernaert, Paul Henri d'Estournelles de Constant Klas Pontus Arnoldson, Fredrik Bajer Ernesto Teodoro Moneta, Louis Renault Theodore Roosevelt Bertha von Suttner Institute of International Law Randal Cremer lie Ducommun, Albert Gobat Henry Dunant, Frdric Passy

FISICA QUIMICA MEDICINA Yoichiro Nambu, Makoto Kobayashi, Toshihide Maskawa Osamu Shimomura, Martin Chalfie, Rogerzur Tsien Harald Y. Hausen, Franoise Barr-Sinoussi, Luc Montagnie Albert Fert, Peter Grnberg Gerhard Ertl Mario R. Capecchi, Sir Martin J. Evans, Oliver Smithies John C. Mather, George F. Smoot Roger D. Kornberg Andrew Z. Fire, Craig C. Mello Roy J. Glauber, John L. Hall, Theodor W. Hnsch Robert H. Grubbs, Richard R. Schrock Robin Warren Yves Chauvin, Barry J. Marshall, J. David J. Gross, H. David Politzer, Frank Wilczek Aaron Ciechanover, Avram Hershko, Irwin Rose Linda B. Buck Richard Axel, Alexei A. Abrikosov, Vitaly L. Ginzburg, Anthony J. Leggett Peter Agre, Roderick MacKinnon Paul C. Lauterbur, Sir Peter Mansfield Raymond Davis Jr., Masatoshi Koshiba,B. Fenn, Koichi Tanaka, Kurt Sydney Brenner, H. Robert Horvitz, John E. Sulston John Riccardo Giacconi Wthrich Eric A. Cornell, Wolfgang Ketterle, William Wieman Carl E. S. Knowles, Ryoji Noyori, K. BarryH. Hartwell, Tim Hunt, Sir Paul Nurse Leland Sharpless Zhores I. Alferov, Herbert Kroemer, Jack S. Kilby Alan Heeger, Alan G. MacDiarmid,Arvid Carlsson, Paul Greengard, Eric R. Kandel Hideki Shirakawa Gerardus 't Hooft, Martinus J.G. Veltman Zewail Ahmed Gnter Blobel Robert B. Laughlin, Horst L. Strmer, Daniel C. Tsui Pople Walter Kohn, John Robert F. Furchgott, Louis J. Ignarro, Ferid Murad Steven Chu, Claude Cohen-Tannoudji, William D.John E. Walker, Jens C. Skou Prusiner Paul D. Boyer, Phillips Stanley B. David M. Lee, Douglas D. Osheroff, Robert C. Richardson Robert F. Curl Jr., Sir Harold Kroto, RichardDoherty, Rolf M. Zinkernagel Peter C. E. Smalley Martin L. Perl, Frederick Reines Paul J. Crutzen, Mario J. Molina, F. SherwoodLewis, Christiane Nsslein-Volhard, Eric F. Wiesch Edward B. Rowland Bertram N. Brockhouse, Clifford G.George A. Olah Shull Alfred G. Gilman, Martin Rodbell Russell A. Hulse, Joseph H. TaylorKary B. Mullis, Michael Smith Jr. Richard J. Roberts, Phillip A. Sharp Georges Charpak Rudolph A. Marcus Edmond H. Fischer, Edwin G. Krebs Pierre-Gilles de Gennes Richard R. Ernst Erwin Neher, Bert Sakmann Jerome I. Friedman, Henry W. Kendall, RichardCorey Elias James E. Taylor Joseph E. Murray, E. Donnall Thomas Norman F. Ramsey, Hans G. Dehmelt, Wolfgang Paul Sidney Altman, Thomas R. Cech J. Michael Bishop, Harold E. Varmus Leon M. Lederman, Melvin Schwartz, Jack Deisenhofer, Robert Huber, Hartmut Michel Johann Steinberger Sir James W. Black, Gertrude B. Elion, George H. Hitchings J. Georg Bednorz, K. Alex Mller Donald J. Cram, Jean-Marie Lehn, Susumu Tonegawa Charles J. Pedersen Ernst Ruska, Gerd Binnig, Heinrich RohrerR. Herschbach, Yuan T. Lee, John Cohen, Rita Levi-Montalcini Dudley Stanley C. Polanyi Klaus von Klitzing Herbert A. Hauptman, Jerome Karle ichael S. Brown, Joseph L. Goldstein M Csar Milstein, Niels K. Jerne, Georges J.F. Khler Carlo Rubbia, Simon van der MeerBruce Merrifield Subramanyan Chandrasekhar, William A.Taube Henry Fowler Barbara McClintock Kenneth G. Wilson Aaron Klug Sune K. Bergstrm, Bengt I. Samuelsson, John R. Vane Nicolaas Bloembergen, Arthur L. Schawlow, Kai M. Siegbahn Kenichi Fukui, Roald Hoffmann Roger W. Sperry, David H. Hubel, Torsten N. Wiesel James Cronin, Val Fitch Paul Berg, Walter Gilbert, Frederick Sanger Baruj Benacerraf, Jean Dausset, George D. Snell Sheldon Glashow, Abdus Salam, Steven Weinberg Georg Wittig Allan M. Cormack, Godfrey N. Hounsfield Herbert C. Brown, Pyotr Kapitsa, Arno Penzias, Robert Woodrow Wilson Peter Mitchell Werner Arber, Daniel Nathans, Hamilton O. Smith Philip W. Anderson, Sir Nevill F. Mott, John H. van Vleck Ilya Prigogine Roger Guillemin, Andrew V. Schally, Rosalyn Yalow Burton Richter, Samuel C.C. Ting William Lipscomb Baruch S. Blumberg, D. Carleton Gajdusek Aage N. Bohr, Ben R. Mottelson, JamesCornforth, Vladimir Prelog David Baltimore, Renato Dulbecco, Howard M. Temin John Rainwater Martin Ryle, Antony Hewish Paul J. Flory Albert Claude, Christian de Duve, George E. Palade Leo Esaki, Ivar Giaever, Brian D. Josephson Fischer, Geoffrey Wilkinson von Frisch, Konrad Lorenz, Nikolaas Tinbergen Ernst Otto Karl John Bardeen, Leon N. Cooper, Robert Schrieffer Christian Anfinsen, Stanford Moore, William H. Stein Rodney R. Porter Gerald M. Edelman, Dennis Gabor Gerhard Herzberg Earl W. Sutherland, Jr. Hannes Alfvn, Louis Nel Luis Leloir Sir Bernard Katz, Ulf von Euler, Julius Axelrod Murray Gell-Mann Derek Barton, Odd Hassel Max Delbrck, Alfred D. Hershey, Salvador E. Luria Luis Alvarez Lars Onsager Robert W. Holley, H. Gobind Khorana, Marshall W. Nirenberg Hans Bethe Manfred Eigen, Ronald G.W. Norrish, George Porter Ragnar Granit, Haldan K. Hartline, George Wald Alfred Kastler Robert S. Mulliken Peyton Rous, Charles B. Huggins Sin-Itiro Tomonaga, Julian Schwinger, Richard P. Feynman Robert B. Woodward Franois Jacob, Andr Lwoff, Jacques Monod Charles H. Townes, Nicolay G. Basov, Aleksandr M. Hodgkin Dorothy Crowfoot Prokhorov Konrad Bloch, Feodor Lynen Eugene Wigner, Maria Goeppert-Mayer, J. Hans D. Jensen Karl Ziegler, Giulio Natta Sir John Eccles, Alan L. Hodgkin, Andrew F. Huxley Lev Landau Max F. Perutz, John C. Kendrew Francis Crick, James Watson, Maurice Wilkins Robert Hofstadter, Rudolf Mssbauer Melvin Calvin Georg von Bksy Donald A. Glaser Willard F. Libby Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet, Peter Medawar Emilio Segr, Owen Chamberlain Jaroslav Heyrovsky Severo Ochoa, Arthur Kornberg Pavel A. Cherenkov, Ilja M. Frank, Igor Y. Tamm Frederick Sanger George Beadle, Edward Tatum, Joshua Lederberg Chen Ning Yang, Tsung-Dao Lee Lord Todd Daniel Bovet William B. Shockley, John Bardeen, WalterHinshelwood, Nikolay Semenov F. Cournand, Werner Forssmann, Dickinson W. Richar Sir Cyril H. Brattain Andr Willis E. Lamb, Polykarp Kusch Vincent du Vigneaud Hugo Theorell

Max Born, Walther Bothe Linus Pauling John F. Enders, Thomas H. Weller, Frederick C. Robbins Frits Zernike Hermann Staudinger Hans Krebs, Fritz Lipmann Felix Bloch, E. M. Purcell Archer J.P. Martin, Richard L.M. Synge Selman A. Waksman John Cockcroft, Ernest T.S. Walton Edwin M. McMillan, Glenn T. Seaborg Theiler Max Cecil Powell Otto Diels, Kurt Alder Edward C. Kendall, Tadeus Reichstein, Philip S. Hench Hideki Yukawa William F. Giauque Walter Hess, Egas Moniz Patrick M.S. Blackett Arne Tiselius Paul Mller Carl Cori, Gerty Cori, Bernardo Houssay Edward V. Appleton Sir Robert Robinson Percy W. Bridgman James B. Sumner, John H. Northrop, Wendell M. Stanley Hermann J. Muller Wolfgang Pauli Artturi Virtanen Sir Alexander Fleming, Ernst B. Chain, Sir Howard Florey Isidor Isaac Rabi Otto Hahn Joseph Erlanger, Herbert S. Gasser Otto Stern George de Hevesy Henrik Dam, Edward A. Doisy

Ernest Lawrence Adolf Butenandt, Leopold Ruzicka Gerhard Domagk Enrico Fermi Richard Kuhn Corneille Heymans Clinton Davisson, George Paget Thomson Haworth, Paul Karrer Norman Albert Szent-Gyrgyi Victor F. Hess, Carl D. Anderson Peter Debye Sir Henry Dale, Otto Loewi James Chadwick Frdric Joliot, Irne Joliot-Curie Hans Spemann Harold C. Urey George H. Whipple, George R. Minot, William P. Murphy Erwin Schrdinger, Paul A.M. Dirac Thomas H. Morgan Werner Heisenberg Irving Langmuir Sir Charles Sherrington, Edgar Adrian s, Nicholas Murray Butler Carl Bosch, Friedrich Bergius Otto Warburg Sir Venkata Raman Hans Fischer Karl Landsteiner Louis de Broglie Arthur Harden, Hans von Euler-Chelpin Christiaan Eijkman, Sir Frederick Hopkins Owen Willans Richardson Adolf Windaus Charles Nicolle Arthur H. Compton, C.T.R. Wilson Heinrich Wieland Julius Wagner-Jauregg Jean Baptiste Perrin The Svedberg Johannes Fibiger James Franck, Gustav Hertz Richard Zsigmondy Manne Siegbahn Willem Einthoven Robert A. Millikan Fritz Pregl Frederick G. Banting, John Macleod Niels Bohr Francis W. Aston Archibald V. Hill, Otto Meyerhof Albert Einstein Frederick Soddy Charles Edouard Guillaume Walther Nernst August Krogh Johannes Stark Jules Bordet Max Planck Fritz Haber Charles Glover Barkla William Bragg, Lawrence Bragg Richard Willsttter Max von Laue Theodore W. Richards Heike Kamerlingh Onnes Alfred Werner Gustaf Daln Victor Grignard, Paul Sabatier Wilhelm Wien Marie Curie Johannes Diderik van der Waals Otto Wallach Guglielmo Marconi, Ferdinand Braun Wilhelm Ostwald Gabriel Lippmann Ernest Rutherford Albert A. Michelson Eduard Buchner J.J. Thomson Henri Moissan Philipp Lenard Adolf von Baeyer Lord Rayleigh Sir William Ramsay Henri Becquerel, Pierre Curie, Marie CurieArrhenius Svante Hendrik A. Lorentz, Pieter ZeemanEmil Fischer Wilhelm Conrad Rntgen Jacobus H. van 't Hoff

Robert Brny Charles Richet Alexis Carrel Allvar Gullstrand Albrecht Kossel Theodor Kocher Ilya Mechnikov, Paul Ehrlich Alphonse Laveran Camillo Golgi, Santiago Ramn y Cajal Robert Koch Ivan Pavlov Niels Ryberg Finsen Ronald Ross Emil von Behring

ECONOMIA Paul Krugman Leonid Hurwicz, Eric S. Maskin, Roger B. Myerson Edmund S. Phelps Robert J. Aumann, Thomas C. Schelling Finn E. Kydland, Edward C. Prescott Robert F. Engle III, Clive W.J. Granger Daniel Kahneman, Vernon L. Smith George A. Akerlof, A. Michael Spence, Joseph E. Stiglitz James J. Heckman, Daniel L. McFadden Robert A. Mundell Amartya Sen Robert C. Merton, Myron S. Scholes James A. Mirrlees, William Vickrey Robert E. Lucas Jr. John C. Harsanyi, John F. Nash Jr., Reinhard Selten Robert W. Fogel, Douglass C. North Gary S. Becker Ronald H. Coase Harry M. Markowitz, Merton H. Miller, William F. Sharpe Trygve Haavelmo Maurice Allais Robert M. Solow James M. Buchanan Jr. Franco Modigliani Richard Stone Gerard Debreu George J. Stigler James Tobin Lawrence R. Klein Theodore W. Schultz, Sir Arthur Lewis Herbert A. Simon Bertil Ohlin, James E. Meade Milton Friedman Leonid Vitaliyevich Kantorovich, Tjalling C. Koopmans Gunnar Myrdal, Friedrich August von Hayek Wassily Leontief John R. Hicks, Kenneth J. Arrow Simon Kuznets Paul A. Samuelson Ragnar Frisch, Jan Tinbergen olley, H. Gobind Khorana, Marshall W. Nirenberg it, Haldan K. Hartline, George Wald

ob, Andr Lwoff, Jacques Monod

les, Alan L. Hodgkin, Andrew F. Huxley k, James Watson, Maurice Wilkins

cfarlane Burnet, Peter Medawar

dle, Edward Tatum, Joshua Lederberg

urnand, Werner Forssmann, Dickinson W. Richards

ers, Thomas H. Weller, Frederick C. Robbins

endall, Tadeus Reichstein, Philip S. Hench

erty Cori, Bernardo Houssay

r Fleming, Ernst B. Chain, Sir Howard Florey nger, Herbert S. Gasser

Whipple, George R. Minot, William P. Murphy

Sherrington, Edgar Adrian

jkman, Sir Frederick Hopkins

Banting, John Macleod

i, Santiago Ramn y Cajal