Nghin c u i u ch v t li u h p ph kim lo i n ng trong

n c t bn
c ng ti m s :XT2968
LI M U

Ngun nc sch khng b nhim l iu mong mi ca ton th

nhn loi trn th gii. Hin nay, hn mt t ngi trn th gii thng
xuyn thiu ngun nc sch s dng. Vit Nam cng l mt quc gia
ang i u vi tnh trng khan him ngun nc sch dng cho mc
ch sinh hot v sn xut. Nht l ti cc khu vc ngoi thnh hay nng
thn, ni m ngun nc cp cn cha y v cha m bo cc yu
cu v cht lng ngun nc cp cho sinh hot.
D lng kim loi nng trong nc vi mt lng ln vt qu
tiu chun cho php s gy nh hng khng tt n sc kho con ngi.
Nhim c Cadimi gy ung th, bnh phi v xng; Km gy tc ng
n h tiu ho, Niken gy bnh v da. D lng kim loi nng Km,
Cadimi, Niken thng c tm thy nhiu nht trong nc thi ca
ngnh sn xut xi m, nc thi ny c ra sng gy nh hng xu
n cht lng ngun nc mt v nc ngm.
Chnh v vy vn x l d lng kim loi nng trong nc l
mt nhu cu cp thit hin nay. Trong thi gian qua, c nhiu nghin
cu c thc hin nhm mc ch loi b d lng kim loi nng trong
ngun nc. Trong cc phng php c nghin cu th phng php
dng vt liu hp ph d lng kim loi trong nc cho thy c nhiu
u im.
Hng nghin cu: iu ch v kho st kh nng hp ph d
lng kim loi nng Km, Cadimi, Niken trong nc ca vt liu hp

ph c ngun gc t bn nh my ho cht Tn Bnh ti phng th

nghim.

LI M U ..................................................................................................1
CHNG 1 TNG QUAN ...........................................................................2
1.1.

T VN .......................................................................................3

1.1.1.

L do chn ti ................................................................................3

1.1.2.

Mc ch ti ...................................................................................3

1.1.3.

Tnh kh thi ca ti .......................................................................3

1.1.4.

i tng nghin cu ........................................................................4

1.1.5.

Ni thc hin .......................................................................................4

1.2.

NH MY HO CHT TN BNH [7][11][12]

..........................4

1.2.1

Gii thiu chung [7] ...........................................................................4

1.2.2

Nguyn liu dng trong sn xut [11]

1.2.3

Gii thiu quy trnh Bayer [12]

1.2.4

Thuyt minh quy trnh cng ngh Bayer [12]

1.2.5

Cch x l b thi ca nh my ho cht Tn Bnh [11][12]

.............................................5

........................................................6
................................7
......8

1.3. GII THIU CHUNG V BN V ZEOLIT [1][2][4][5][6]

[12][14][15][16][17][18] .................................................................................8
1.3.1.

Gii thiu bn [12] ........................................................................8

1.3.2.

Thnh phn tnh cht ca bn [12]

1.3.3.

Vn s dng bn hin nay [6][16][17]

.........................................9
...............................11

1.3.3.1.

S dng trong lnh vc luyn kim

1.3.3.2.

Dng lm nguyn vt liu ............................................................12

1.3.4.

Zeolit [1][2][4][5][18] .....................................................................14

1.3.4.1.

Khi nim, phn loi v cu trc

1.3.4.2.

Tnh cht hp ph ca Zeolit [4][5]

1.3.5.
1.4.

..............................................11

ng dng ca zeolit [4][5]

................................................14
...........................................16

..............................................................17

GII THIU V QU TRNH HP PH V PHNG PHP

IU CH ZEOLIT [1][2][3][4][5][9][10][15]
1.4.1.
1.4.1.1.

.......................................18

Hp ph [2] ........................................................................................18
Hp ph vt l ...............................................................................18

1.4.1.2.

Hp ph ho hc ...........................................................................18

1.4.2.

ng hc qu trnh hp ph [2]

.....................................................19

1.4.3.

Phng trnh hp ph ng nhit [2][4]

........................................20

1.4.3.1.

Phng trnh Freundlich ..............................................................20

1.4.3. 2.

Phng trnh Langmuir ................................................................21

1.4.3.3.

Hp ph trong mi trng nc

1.4.4.

.................................................22

Phng php iu ch Zeolit[1][4][5][14][15]

............................25

1.4.4.1.

Cc phng php iu ch Zeolit

1.4.4.2.

Phng php tng hp thu nhit -Vn kt tinh Zeolit

1.4.5.

...............................................25
.....25

Cc phng php x l kim loi nng trong nc [3][9][11][18]

28

1.5.

CC PHNG PHP NGHIN CU[4][5]

................................29

1.5.1.

Phng php ph nhiu x tia X

1.5.2.

Phng php ph IR ........................................................................30

1.6.

PHNG PHP THC HIN

....................................................29
........................................................31

1.6.1.

Ch to cc loi zeolit v vt liu hp ph kim loi nng

1.6.2.

Kho st tnh cht l ho ca cc vt liu

1.6.3.

Kho st kh nng hp ph mt s kim loi nng ca vt liu

1.6.4.

Kim tra cc kt qu th nghim trn my AAS

1.7.

TNG QUAN NH MY XI M [8]

..........31

.....................................31
. 32

..........................32

............................................33

1.7.1.

Gii thiu chung v nh my sn xut xi m:

..............................33

1.7.2.

Ngun pht sinh nc thi trong sn xut v hng x l

........34

CHNG 2 THC NGHIM ....................................................................37

2.1.

NGUYN LIU - DNG C - HO CHT

2.2.

CH TO VT LIU HP PH KIM LOI NNG V CC

LOI ZEOLIT [2][17][18]

2.2.1.

.................................38

...........................................................................38

iu ch bn bin tnh ...............................................................38

2.2.1.1.

Quy trnh tng hp ........................................................................38

2.2.1.2.

Cch thc hin ...............................................................................38

2.2.1.3.

iu ch bn bin tnh: sn phm B600 v B750

........39

2.2.2.

iu ch zeolit [14][15] ..................................................................39

2.2.3.

Kho st kh nng hp ph kim loi nng ca cc vt liu ch to

43

CHNG 3 KT QU V BN LUN
3.1.

.................................................45

XC NH CU TRC ....................................................................46

3.1.1.

Ph XRD ............................................................................................46

3.1.1.1.

B600 .............................................................................................46

3.1.1.2.

B750 .............................................................................................47

3.1.1.3.

Zeolit ch to trc tip t dung dch ho tch (VZC6)

3.1.1.4.

Zeolit ch to t dung dch ho tch v cao lanh (VZK5)

3.1.1.5.

Zeolit ch to t dung dch ho tch v thu tinh lng (VZS4)

...........47
......48

.........................................................................................................48
3.1.2.

Ph IR ................................................................................................49

3.1.2.1.

Zeolit ch to trc tip t dung dch ho tch (VZC6)

...........49

3.1.2.2.

Zeolit ch to t dung dch ho tch v cao lanh (VZK5)

3.1.2.3.

Zeolit ch to t dung dch ho tch v thu tinh lng (VZS4)

......49

.........................................................................................................50
3.2.

KHO ST KH NNG HP PH KIM LOI NNG CA

VT LIU ......................................................................................................51
3.2.1.
3.2.1.1.

Zeolit ch to trc tip t dung dch ho tch-VZC6

.................51

S liu phn tch nng cc ion kim loi trc v sau khi b

hp ph bi VZC6 ...........................................................................................51
3.2.1.2.

Kho st theo phng trnh Langmuir

.......................................52

3.2.1.3.

Kho st theo phng trnh Freundlich

.....................................53

3.2.2.
3.2.2.1.

Zeolit ch to t dung dch ho tch v cao lanhVZK5

...........54

S liu phn tch nng cc ion kim loi trc v sau khi b

hp ph bi VZK5 ...........................................................................................54
3.2.2.2.

Kho st theo phng trnh Langmuir

.......................................55

3.2.2.3.

Kho st theo phng trnh Freundlich

.....................................56

3.2.3.

Zeolit tng hp t dung dch ho tch v thu tinh lng - VZS4

57

3.2.3.1.

S liu phn tch nng cc ion kim loi trc v sau khi b

hp ph bi VZS4 ...........................................................................................57
3.2.3.2.

Kho st theo phng trnh Langmuir.............................................58

3.2.3.3.

Kho st theo phng trnh Freundlich...........................................59

3.2.4.
3.2.4.1.

B600 ................................................................................................60
S liu phn tch nng cc ion kim loi trc v sau khi b

hp ph bi B600 ........................................................................................60
3.2.4.2.

Kho st theo phng trnh Langmuir

.......................................61

3.2.4.3.

Kho st theo phng trnh Freundlich

.....................................62

3.2.5.
3.2.5.1.

B750 : ..............................................................................................63
S liu phn tch nng cc ion kim loi trc v sau khi b

hp ph bi B750 ........................................................................................63
3.2.5.2.

Kho st theo phng trnh Langmuir.............................................64

3.2.5.3.

Kho st theo phng trnh Freundlich...........................................65

3.3. KHO ST KH NNG HP PH CA VT LIU TRN

MU NC THI XI M

.........................................................................66

CHNG 4 KT LUN V KIN NGH

..............................................69

KT LUN .....................................................................................................70
KIN NGH ....................................................................................................71

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