Ch. 17: Thermochemistry Study Guide 17.

1: the Flow of Energy-Heat and Work

Energy: the capacity for doing work or supplying heat Thermochemistry: the study of energy changes that occur during chemical reactions and changes in state Chemical potential energy: the energy stored in the chemical bonds of a substance During a chemical reaction, a substance is transformed into another substance with a different amount of chemical potential energy Heat (q): energy that transfers from one object to another because of a temperature difference Heat always flows from a warmer object to cooler object System: part of the universe on which you focus your attention Surroundings: everything else in the universe Law of conservation of energy: in a chemical/physical process, energy is neither created nor destroyed Endothermic: absorbs heat from surroundings ---System gains heat as surroundings cool down Exothermic: releases heat to surroundings --system loses heat as surroundings heat up Heat flow is measured in two common units, the calorie and the joule ---calorie (cal) is quantity of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1g of water 1C ---Calorie (capitalized) is the same as one kilocalorie (1000 calories) 4.184 Joule=1 cal Heat capacity: amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of an object exactly 1C ---depends on both mass and chemical composition ----greater the mass, greater the heat capacity Specific heat: amount of heat it takes to raise 1 g of a substance 1C Specific heat of water: 4.18 J/(gC) = 1cal/(gC) To calculate specific heat: divide the heat input by the temperature change times the mass of the substance

C=

change in T = Tf Ti