M.S.

Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies Postgraduate Engineering and Management Programmes(PEMP) #470-P Peenya Industrial Area, 4th Phase, Peenya, Bengaluru-560 058 Tel; 080 4906 5555, website: www.msrsas.org

Module Code Module Name Course Department

PDN- 2521. Design Methodology and Research. M.Sc. (Engineering) in Product Design. Department of Design.

Name of the Student Reg. No

CHETAN. KALE. BTB0411013.

Batch
Module Leader

Part-Time 2011.
Prof. M. N. Sudhindra Kumar.

TWO WHEELER HELMET

Two wheeler helmets is a safety device used by two wheeler rider. This helmet is used to protect the riders head during impact on road accidents thus saves the life of a rider by preventing head injury. Many helmets come with additional features along with safety as basic requirement such as face shield, protection to the ears, ventilation, etc. Figure 2.1 shows riders are riding two wheeler without using helmets.

Figure 2.1 shows riders without using helmets.

TYPES OF HELMET
Full Face Helmet.

These types of helmets cover the entire head of a rider and thus these are called as safest among any helmet for two wheelers. These types of helmet cover from the base of the skull at rear to a protective strip over the chin at the front. This helmet not only protects the head but also protects the mouth and jaw. These helmets have a cut out from nose to fore head and it is covered with transparent plastic face shield for visibility on the road. Figure 2.3 and figure 2.4 show the image of full face type of helmets. Many riders prefer to have full face type of helmet for its high protectiveness. These helmets will have air vents to have the ventilation for the face and head while using but still it lacks the with sufficient air flow within the helmet.

Figure 2.3 Full face helmet 1

Figure 2.4 Full face helmet 2

TYPES OF HELMET
Off-Road Helmet.

Off-road helmets are similar to the full face helmets with elongated chin bar and elongated plastic transparent face shield. The intention of extending the transparent face shield is to provide the access to the rider to wear goggles while riding. The elongated type of chin bar provides the air flow to the face through chin with the sufficient gap between riders chin and chin bar. These helmets also have the extended strip on the top of the outer periphery to protect from sun rays out the eyes of the rider. Figure 2.5 and figure 2.6 show the off-road type of helmets.

Figure 2.5 Off-Road helmet 1

Figure 2.6 Off-Road helmet 2

TYPES OF HELMET
Open Face Helmet.

These helmets are similar to full face helmet except the lack of chin bar. These types of helmets provide 75% of protection out of full face helmets to the head. This helmet covers ears, cheeks and head. These helmets provides the same protection as full face helmet to the head and rear side of the head but does not give any protection to the face, jaws and chin. While riding with this helmet on rider will face the problems like dust, wind, insects or even bugs to the face and eyes which will make riding difficulty to the rider. Figure 2.7 and figure 2.8 shows the open face type helmets. These helmets come with plastic transparent shield as shown in figure 2.8 to protect the face from insects, dust and wind.

Figure 2.7 Open face helmet 1

Figure 2.8 Open face helmet 2

TYPES OF HELMET
Half Helmet.

These helmets are similar to open face helmet at the front but it lacks the protection at the back portion of the head. The shape of half helmet is like a round bowl putting in reverse on riders head. This type of helmet provides very less protection when compared with any other helmets for two wheelers. Figure 2.9 shows half helmet and Figure 2.10 shows a rider wearing half helmet. As this helmet provides open to the face thus it does not protect the face from wind, dust, insects and bugs while riding two wheelers.

Figure 2.9 Half helmet 1

Figure 2.10 Half helmet 2

 Modular Helmet.

TYPES OF HELMET

Modular helmets are like both full face helmets and open face helmets. These helmets have a flip up option for chin bar which can be converted to full face or open face helmet at any time. When these helmets are fully closed it gives the same protection of full faced helmets and when chin bar is flipped up it gives the protection similar to open face helmets. This helmet will help the rider to provide access to the face when flipped up the chin bar which can be used to drink, eat or speak without removing the chin bar from the helmet. These are the most popular helmets in todays market. Figure 2.11 shows the modular helmet in closed position and figure 2.12 shows the modular helmet with flipped up position.

Figure 2.11 Modular helmet closed

Figure 2.12 Modular helmet open

HELMET CONSTRUCTION
Most of the helmets are constructed with plastic material. Few helmets are made from fiber glass with reinforced carbon fiber but these helmets are little expensive than the normal helmets. The outer shell of the helmet is made from plastic or fiber material and the inner portion of the helmet is made from Polystyrene foam. The intention is to make the outer shell strong and stiff and inner part is made from polystyrene foam to provide the cushion to the skull if the rider. The outer shell of the helmet is intentionally made hard. This is to provide the safety by preventing penetration by a pointed object which might penetrate through the helmet into the skull and also to provide the structure as well as support to the inner line which is used to stick the thick foam to inner surface of the plastic shell. The foam is very thick and flexible which not only provides cushioning effect but also provides the flexible to fit the head easily inside the helmet.

SAFETY STANDARD FOR HELMET IN INDIA

Different countries follow different safety standards and use the different safety standard names to identify the safety on the helmet. India has the ISI (Indian standard Institute) mark which is laid by Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS). ISI mark is the most recognized mark for safety standards in Indian subcontinent. Figure 2.24 shows the ISI mark of Indian safety standard. This ISI mark is mandatory in India for two wheeler helmet. India law has made mandate to use the helmet with ISI mark on it. The ISI mark is printed on the rear side of the helmet as shown in Figure 2.25.

Figure 2.24 ISI mark of Indian safety standard.

Figure 2.25 ISI mark on helmet.

THANK YOU