Digital design

CHAPTER 2 Logic Gates Sec 2-7

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Binary logic
Binary variables +
X , y , z

logic operators.

1. AND: x . y =xy ; equal 1 if x=1 &

y=1.

2. OR : x + y ; equal 1 if x=1or y=1. 3. NOT: x= x .

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The difference between binary arithmetic and binary logic. binary arithmetic

binary logic

OR : 1 + 1 =
Addition :1 + 1 = 10 Multiplication : 1 . 1 = 1

AND AND

:1.1= 1 :1.0= 0 1 = 0 0 = 1

NOT: 1 = NOT: 0 =

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Truth table of logic operations

AND
X 0 0 1 1 Y 0 1 0 1
X.Y

OR
X 0 0 1 1 Y 0 1 0 1
X+Y

NOT
X 0 1 X 1 0

0 0 0 1

0 1 1 1

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Logic Gates
Inverter AND Gate OR Gate Exclusive-OR Gate NAND Gate NOR Gate Exclusive-NOR Gate
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The Inverter

Truth table
0 = LOW 1 = HIGH

Pulsed waveforms

The output of an inverter is always the complement (opposite) of the input.

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The AND Gate

Truth table
0 = LOW 1 = HIGH

Pulsed waveforms

The output of an AND gate is HIGH only when all inputs are HIGH.
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The AND Gate

3-Input AND Gate 4-Input AND Gate

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The OR Gate

Truth table
0 = LOW 1 = HIGH

Pulsed waveforms

The output of an OR gate is HIGH whenever one or more inputs are HIGH
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The OR Gate

3-Input OR Gate 4-Input OR Gate

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The NAND Gate

Truth table
0 = LOW 1 = HIGH

Pulsed waveforms

The output of a NAND gate is HIGH whenever one or more inputs are LOW.
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The NAND Gate

3-Input NAND Gate

4-Input NAND Gate

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The NOR Gate

Truth table
0 = LOW 1 = HIGH

Pulsed waveforms

The output of a NOR gate is LOW prepared by : maher al-omari or more inputs are HIGH. whenever one

The NOR Gate

3-Input NOR Gate

4-Input NOR Gate

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Exclusive-OR Gate

Truth table
0 = LOW 1 = HIGH

Pulsed waveforms

The output of an XOR gate is HIGH whenever the prepared by : maher al-omari two inputs are different.

Exclusive-NOR Gate

Truth table
0 = LOW 1 = HIGH

Pulsed waveforms

The output of an XNOR gate is HIGH prepared by : maher al-omari whenever the two inputs are identical.

Positive & Negative Logic

In logic gates, usually: H (high voltage, 5V) = 1 L (low voltage, 0V) = 0 positive logic

convention

H (high voltage) = 0 L (low voltage) = 1

MANO sec 2-7
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the reverse convention, negative logic

Positive & Negative Logic

Positive logic:
Enable Un complemented form. Negative logic: Enable complemented form. MANO sec 2-7
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Active High: 0: Disabled 1: Enabled

Active Low: 0: Enabled 1: Disabled