TENSES

Th
Prese

Cu trc + Khng nh: S1 + V S2 + Vs/es (thm es: -ch, -sh, -x, -o, -s, -z) - Ph nh S1 + dont + V S2 + doesnt + V ? Nghi vn Do + S1 + V? Does + S2 + V?

Du hiu Du hiu nhn bit 1. Dng vi If (1) : If + S + HT, S + will/ can/ may + V 2. Dng trong cc mnh thi gian tng lai: when, as, until, before, by the time (khng bao gi c dng WILL) 3. Dng ni v nhng s tht hin nhin: the truths 4. Dng ch cc thi quen, s thch, cng vic hng ngy hin ti (vi cc trng t: always, usually, often, sometimes, generally, occassionally, rarely, never) 5. Dng vi cm t ch thi gian bt u bng: every day, every year, month

Present

Hin ti nnt simple

Hin ti hon thnhPresent perfect Hin ti tip dincontinuous

+ khng nh: I + am + V-ing S1 + are + V-ing S2 + is + V-ing - Ph nh S1 + am not/ arent + V-ing S2 + isnt + V-ing ? Nghi vn Am / Is / Are + S + V-ing?

- Dng ni v 1 vic ang din ra vi now, at the moment, at present, right now - Dng ch s thay i mang tnh tm thi vi (but) today, this week, year - Dng ch nhng hnh ng (nhng chuyn i) s xy ra trong tng lai gn vi tonight, tomorrow, next * Khng dng HTTD vi nhng ng t ch: + cm gic: feel; touch; taste; smell; find; become; get; sound; look; .. + cm xc: hate, dislike, enjoy, like, love; detest; regret + tri gic: know, understand; notice; recognize, realize; mind; + Others: hear, belong (to); bear; be, have

+ S1 + have + Vpp S2 + has + Vpp S1 + havent + Vpp S2 + hasnt + Vpp ? Have + S1 + Vpp? Has + S2 + Vpp?

+ Dng vi since + (mc thi gian) / S + Ved/II: hnh ng xy ra t + Dng vi for + (khong thi gian tnh n hti) : hnh ng xy ra bao lu + Dng vi recently, nowadays, lately, just ch 1 hnh ng va din ra trong khong thi gian gn vi hin ti + up to now, up to present, so far, from then on, since then: ch 1 hng xy ra hay cha t cho n nay. + never, yet: ni v mt hnh ng cha xy ra + already, before (cui cu) ch 1 h xra + dng sau: its the first/ secondlast time: ni y l ln 1st, 2nd, 3rd, ln cui ai lm g. + dng vi : in /for the last .: ch mt hnh ng xy ra trong khong tgian gn vi hti. + dng sau as soon as: ngay sau khi + Dng trong cu tr li cho cu hi How many/ how much/ how long (bao nhiu/ bao lu tnh n hin ti) + Cn c dng vi this year, month, ch mt thi gian hon tt We have spent 80 billions this month/ this year

nQu khPast Simple

+ S + Ved/ VII S + didnt + V-inf ? Did + S + V-inf?

+ Dng vi yesterday, yesterday morning + Dng vi last week/ night/ month/ year. last + V: last met, saw + Dng viago: 2 years ago, 10 months ago + dng trong mnh cha: Since + S + Ved/ II + Dng trong cc mnh ch thi gian qa kh bt u bng: when, as, before, by the time, until + Dng vi if (2) : if + S + Ved/were, S + would + Vinf + Dng vi Wish (2): S + wish + S + were/ Ved/II + Dng trong cu trc Before + Qkn, QKHT + Dng trong cu trc After + QKHT, Qkn + Dng trong cu trc: Its (high) time S + Ved/II ( n lc ai phi lm g) + dng trong cu trc: would rather S + Ved/II (thch ai lm vic g hn). + Dng vi : first + Ved (We first met in 1990) + thng c dng dng: mt hng ang din ra th hng khc chen vo vi When / While + dng vi mt mc thi gian c th trong qu kh. (ex: What were you doing at 8 a.m yesterday? ) + dng vi all yesterday, all last night.

Tng lai nFuture Simple Qu kh hon thnhPast perfect Qu kh tip dinPast continuous

+ S + was/ were + Ving S + wasnt / werent + Ving ? Were / Was + S + Ving?

+ S + had + Vpp S + hadnt + Vpp ? Had + S + Vpp?

+ dng trong cu trc: Before + Qkn, Qkht + dng trong cu trc: After + Qkht, Qkn + If (3) : If + S + had + Vpp, S + would have Vpp + wish (3): S + wish + S + had + Vpp + dng vi: when + Qkn, .(c du hiu nbit ca HTHT) Ex: When she came, everyone (leave) already. + dng trong cu ni gin tip ca cu qu kh, HTHT) + Dng vi: by the time S + QKn/ by the end of (thi gian qkh)

+ S + will + Vinf S + wont + Vinf ? Will + S + Vinf?

+ Dng vi soon, sooner: sm + dng vi If (1) + dng khi ni v 1 h trong tng lai khng c tgian c th, c qnh ti thi im ni

Tng lai gnNear future

+ khng nh: S + am/ is / are + going to + Vinf S + am / is / are + not + going to Vinf ? Are / Is / Am + S + going to + Vinf?

Dng ch nhng k hoch lp sn cho tng lai, nhng hnh ng sp xy ra c du hiu nhn bit ex: - black clouds its going to rain; - Weve booked the tickets Were going to travel

Tng lai trong qu khFuture in the past Tng lai hon thnhFuture Perfect

+ S + will have + Vpp S + wont have + Vpp ? Will + S + have + Vpp?

- dng sau by the time + S + hin ti n - dng sau by the end of + thgian (tng lai) - dng vi when S + htn + tgian tlai - dng vi before S + ht + tgian tlai

+ S + would + Vinf S + wouldnt + Vinf ? Would + S + Vinf?

+ If (2): If + S + were/ Ved/II, S + would + Vinf + Wish (1): S + wish + S would / could + Vinf + cu ni gin tip vi the following / the next