Mn C s Kh c in

Gio trnh : Kh c in Phm Vn Chi

Bi Tn
Nguyn Tn

1.1 :Bi M u
* Kh c in l cc thit b in dng ng ,ct , bo v , iu khin, n nh cc mch
in (o lng) in p ,cng sut (theo chc nng ).
- iu khin: Tin cy ,chn lc,t ng lp li.
- ng ct l chc nng quan trng ,khng dng in (an ton ) ,nhn thy khong cch (dao cch ly) .
+Ngn mch rt kh khn khi ct dng ,dng cu ch , my ct ,aptmt (h p).
+ Qu ti c thi gian(r le nhit).
-iu khin : cc thit b cng tc lm vic vi cc ch khc nhau .
Kh c in theo in p : - Kh c in cao p Umc >1000V
- Kh c in h p Umc <1000V
Nguyn l lm vic ging nhau nhng phn cch in khc nhau .Vi kh c in cao p th phn ny
ln.
Kh c in cao p : +Trung p (36 kV)
+Cao p (3640 kV)
+Siu cao p (>400 kV)
* Kh c in dng dng : +Kh c in mt chiu
+ Kh c in xoay chiu
Kh c in nguyn l lm vic : + in c
+ in t
+ in nhit

Chng I : Nam chm in .
1.1: i cng nam chm in .
1,S :
1-mch t tnh ; 2-cun dy; 3-mch t ng( np);
4-l xo nh; 5-c chn 0 t thng ;

:t thng lm vic ;
r
:t thng r; :khe h lm vic ;
nh ngha : Nam chm in l mt c cu in t bin in t c (lc ,m men).
- ng K xut hin I trong cun dy vng .
F :sc t ng [Avng ]
F sinh ra t thng : +

lc in t ht np (khng ph thuc chiu i) m

+
r

- : [ H/m ] c trng cho dn in.

7
0
10 4

H/m (chn khng , khng kh ) tuyt i.
- dn t tng i
0
x

- Mt t thng
S

B ;S : tit din cc t; B [ Wb/m

2
] , [ T ] .

o
1
2
U
3 4
5
- Cng t trng :

H
B
[ T/H/m ] , [ A/m ], [Tm/H ].
- T tr :
S
l

1
R

[ H
-1
]
- T dn :
l
S

R
1
G

[ H ]

I _tuyn tnh;
dH
dB

III _bo ho ;
II _phi tuyn tnh ton phc tp.
* Phn loi :
- Nam chm in ni tip :cun dy ni tip vi ph ti dng in ph thuc ph ti .
- Nam chm in song song :cun dy song song vi ph ti .
- Nam chm in xoay chi u ( AC )
Nam chm in mt chiu ( DC ).
2,Cc nh lut c bn:
2.1, nh lut m :
B
I
II
III
H

G U
U

R
2.2, nh lut Kirchoff 1 : 0
i

2.3, nh lut Kirchoff 2 : )

n 1 i
R ... (R U F + +
2.4, Dng in ton phn :

l
Hdl F
3, ng dng: s dng rng ri trong cc c cu truyn ng , cng tc t ,, thit b bo v ngn mch
trong my cch in ,dng trong iu khin ,cc c cu phn ly , phn loi c cu in t chp hnh
( phanh hm in t ).
4, Tnh ton nam chm in :
- Mch t phi tuyn tuyn tnh ho .
-Kh xc nh chnh xc t tr ca mch t :
S
l

1
R

ch ng cho tuyn tnh u.

1.2 : T dn mch t.
* Phn st t :ph thuc im lm vic trn th B(H)
Vd:
l
S
G
Fe Fe

nu im lm vic thuc vng tuyn tnh = const ,
0 Fe
>> b qua t tr st t .
* Phn khng kh :
- khe h khng kh lam vic + T dn r.
- Cng thc chung :

G
khng kh khng ph thuc vo im lm vic B(H) .
- S << coi trng in t l trng song phng (u)

iu kin : d - ng knh n hnh tr

1, Phn chia t trng :
Chia t trng thnh cc vng n gin
Tnh dn cc trng thnh phn
Tng hp li
* Vi hnh hp ch nht :

a
G
2
0 0

-1/2 tr c :
- tr rng :

,
_

1
m

2a
G
0 3
( m=1:2 )

m
m
a
b

H
BS
U

G
0

[ H ]
b qua t thng tn

'

2 . 0
2 . 0
d
d

tb
tb
0 2
S

G

a 0.26

V
G
0
2
tb
0 2

- cu c :
0.077 G
0 4


- cu rng :
4
m
G
0 5



5 4 3 2 0
G G G G G G + + + +

16
2
i 0
G G G
t dn tn
H s t tn :
0
t
0
t 0
0

t
G
G
1
G
G G
G
G
+
+

Khi nh ;a,b ln
0 t
G G

1
t

cng ln
t

Kt qu tng i chnh xc nhng phc tp dng tnh ton kim ngim.
2, Tnh bng cng thc thc nghim ( kinh nghim ):
Bng ( 1-3) <22>
3, Tnh bng hnh v :
Khi cc t khc tp khng dng 2 loi trn th v bc tranh t trng
+ng sc t
dn
+ng ng th
1.3 : Mch t mt chiu .
- F # ( ) t f .
U, I khng ph thuc vo t Mch khng tn hao do xoy , t tr
- Hai bi ton :
+ Thun : Cho tnh F
+Ngc : Cho F tnh
Kh khn : +T dn kh tnh chnh xc .
+Phi tuyn vt liu t .
+Thng s ri tp trung.
1,Mch t 1 chiu b qua t thng r :
-Khi
ro

.
- Mch t hh xuyn .
A, Thun :


bit

tm F

mch t thay th :



l
tb
S

i
F

R
Fe
R

Fe

v
0
r

( )

+ R R F
Fe

S
G
0
S
l 1
R
tb

B
B
h
H
H
S
B

Mch t mt chiu I=const F= const khng ph thuc vo

U
Fe
bo ha .
b, Ngc : bit F

( )
Fe
R R IW F +
tnh c

Phng php d trn c s bi ton thun : c th dng hnh kt qu trng hp c bit .

( )
GS
BS
Hl R R IW
tb Fe
+ +

tb tb
l G
BS
H
l
IW
+


- Ly OA= IW/l
tb ;
- T A dng ;
tb
l G
1
tg
.
2,Mch t 1 chiu c xt ti t thng r :
a, B qua t tr st t :

0 R
Fe 0 Fe


- Khi nghim nm trong vng tuyn tnh ca B( H )
B
B

H
H
M
0

Hl F U

Mch t thay th :
G
r
=kg
r
l
g
r
: dn sut t d ; k<1 h s t dn r qui i.
IW
x
l
d

x l

IW
x
U

1
G
2
G
G
r
IW

l
12

l
23
l
34

1
0 1

lS
G
;
2
0 2

lS
G
.
+Thun : F
+ Ngc : F
* Gi
l
f

l
x
fx U
x

( t p ti im )
T thng r ti dx : dx g
l
x
dG U d
r r x r

2
l
g
l

2
r rx

r r rl
G lg
2
1

r r
lg
2
1
G t dn r qui i theo ( Nam chm 1 chiu )
Sc t ng F ~ in p
T thng ~ dng in
- T thng mc vng

dx x g
l
I
d d
2
r
2
2
rx x rx

l g
3
I
l g
3
I
r r
2
r

l g
3
1
G
r r
Nam chm din
- H s t r :

r r 0
r
1
b, Khng b qua t tr st t :
- im lm vic vng bo ha ca B( H)

l
12

l
23
l
34
1
2
3
4

l
12

l
23
l
34
1
2
3
4
x
U

n
np

r1

r2

r3

d
34
R

23
R

34
R
12
R

R
23
R

R
12
R
4

- Gii bng phng php on mch t (ti sao 3 on )

- Tnh t tr (dn ) ca khng kh ( chia1 on sai s ln hn )

( ) ( )

n
1 i
i
I I

* Thun : cho
F

S S
B S B
n
n n n

H
n


B (H )
1 r ' 11
n
n
n
n
R U
S
l 1
R

' 11 1 r ' 11
+

( ) H B
S
B
' 11
' 11

12 11'
R
* Ngc : cho

F
dng phng php d
- Dng h s t r
Ti bt c im ;

rx
rx
rx x
1

,
_

+ +

- T dn v in cm :
L = w
2
G ; G- t dn
w s vng dy
L in cm
X
L
= wl =2fl ; f # 0
1.4 : Mch t xoay chiu .
+ I bin thin tn hao do t tr v dng xoy .

2
L
2
X R
U
Z
U
I
+



G f 2
U
l
U
I
2

R<<X
L

I ph thuc khe h , khng ph thuc .
nam chm in 1 chiu const
R
U
I khng ph thc khe h .
+
Gin vc t :
Wn.m
U
~
w
1
d

r
Wn.m :vng ngn mch
lm cho t thng v t p
lch pha v t chng
rung nam chm in xoay
chiu .
Xc nh X

t khng

n n
R

dt
d
r
w
r
l
n
n
n
n
n

n
2
r
w
R U +

dt
d

n
2
x
n
r
w
L
; r
n
- in tr vng ngn mch
n
r
1
f 2 L X


+ jX R Z


2 2
X R Z

+

1.5 : Cun dy nam chm in .
- Chc nng cun dy : + sc t ng iw
+ khng c hng ( nng ) U = U
m
- Cc thng s : + din tch chim ch cun dy ( ca s mch t )
-E
U
U

R I
n.m
IR
hl S
cd

[ mm
2
] ; m
l
h
- t s hnh dng dy .
m=1 2 xoay chiu
2 4 mt chiu
+ s vng dy w : - tit din dy qun q [mm
2
]
-ng knh d [ m ]
( khng k b dy cch in )
+ H s lp y cun dy :

lh
q
S
S
K
cd
Cu

( 0.3

0.7 )
- K

ph thuc :
+ Cun dy c khung ? khi nim cch in , chu nhit .
+Chng loi dy qun ,hnh dng chng loi cch in , kch c dy qun.
+C cch in lp hay khng
+Phng php cun dy .
+in tr cun dy

q
l
R
tb

;
2
l l
l
n t
tb
+

+Mt dng in trong cun dy :

q
I
j
[A/mm
2
];
j = (1.5 4 )dy cun Cu lm vic ch di hn
=(1030) dy cun Cu lm vic ch ngn hn.
1, Cun dy nam chm in 1 chiu :
Cho sc t ng IW ,cho in p U
m
cun dy ,ch lm vic .
Tnh cc kch thc , thng s ca cun dy .
Chn j , K

,
- Xc nh S
cun dy
:

j
k
k
q
k
q
lh S

cd

l=?
m
l
h
h=?
Xc nh l
tb
, bit kch thc cc t ,S
cd

tb
tb tb
l
Uq
q
l
U
S
l
U
R
U
i

017 . 0
) c 0 ( Cu
0

[ mm
2
/m ]
- q d chun ha ( lm trn )
- S vng :
q
l S
cd cd

- in tr :
q
l
R
tb

- Tn hao cng sut : P = I
2
R
- tng nhit ca cun dy ch di hn :

T T
S K
P

[
0
C ] [
[ ]
[ ]
2
0 2
m
C m
W
W
1
]
1

]
K
T
: h s ta nhit bng i lu v bc x ;K
T
= (6-14 )[ W/
0
C m
2
] t khng kh .
S
T
= S
t
+ S
n
+ 2S
y
.
- Nhit thot nng b mt cun dy : =
0
+

(
0
nhit mi trng )
Nu w rt ln th iw # f()
2, Cun dy ,nm chm in xoay chiu :

m
f 44 . 4 E (
m
- t thng tng ,
m
=
0
+
r
)
U
* Cho ,
m

S fB 44 . 4
U 85 . 0
S fB 44 . 4
E
f 44 . 4
E
m
m
m m

q
k
q
S

cd

Sc t ng : ( iw ) = f()
- ch di hn ( trng thi ht ) = 0.5 [mm]
khe h cng ngh v chng nh .
-
( )
min
m
m
G
I

( )

2
I
I
m
;
cd
S I
j
1
q
3, Tnh li cun dy khi thay i in p :
- C s : + Sc t ng khng i S
cd
= lh = const
+T thng khng i
+ Ch nhit khng i j = const

1
2
2
1
2
1
2
1
d
d
q
q
U
U

Bi tp v nh : Cho S
cd
= lh , bit U
-
, tnh w, q sao cho j = 3 [A/mm
2
] (chn k

) .
1.6 : Lc ht in t ca nam chm in 1 chiu .
Lc ht in t ca nam chm in 1 chiu l lc tc ng ln c cu cng tc .
1, Dng cng thc Maxoen :
1
]
1

S
2
0
dS n B
2
1
B ) n B (
1
F
S- b mt cc t ;

n
- php tuyn ;

B
- t cm ;
o
= 410
-7
( H/m )
Nu

B
S th

B
,

n
cng phng

S
2
0
dS B
2
1
F
Nu B

= const trong S
S B
2
1
F
2
0

b qua t thng tn khi S , S B 06 . 4 F
2

[ kg ]
2, Tnh lc in t bng cn bng nng lng :
- Khi ng in vo cun dy namchm in :
phng trnh cn bng :
dt
d
iR U

+
+ id Rdt i Uidt
2
Uidt : in nng vo ; i
2
Rdt : tn hao nhit ; id : nng lng t .
Nng lng t trng =
1

0 ab 0
0
1
S id W
1

( tam gic cong )

Khi
1

2
:
abcda
S id W
1
2
12

=
2

ocdo
0
S id W
2
2

1
i

2
<
1
i
2
i
1
0
b
c d
a

2
( ) ( )
2 1 1 2
2 21
1 1
oado 2
i i
2
1
W
i
2
1
W
i
2
1
W
dS
dW
S
W
F
S F S W W W W
12
2
1
21 1
+

t +
1 2
1.7 : Lc ht in t ca nam chm in xoay chiu .
( )
x m m m
2
m
2
2
m
2
m
2
m
m
F F t 2 cos F
2
1
F
2
1
2
t 2 cos 1
F
t sin F t sin
dS
dG
G 2
1
dS
dG
G
t sin
2
1
dS
dG
i
2
1
F
t sin
t sin i
+

,
_

F
m
- bin lc in t .

Khi F
c
> F np y rung vi chu k 2f .
chng rung bng 2 phng php : to ra t thng lch pha nhau :
+ Mc 2 cun dy ni tip vi thng s khc nhau .
+ Dng cun ngn mch .
S :
t 0

2
F
F
m
F
-
t
U
~
vng ngn mch
S thay th :
2 1 r t
+ +
2
chm pha so vi
1
gc

,
_

2
G
r
f 2
tg
m . n
( )
( ) ( ) ( )

+ + + +

'

tb _ tb tb 2 tb 1 tb 2 tb 1 2 1
tb 2 tb 2
2
m 2 2
tb 1 tb 1
2
m 1 1
F F t 2 cos F t 2 cos F F F F F F
t 2 cos F F t sin F F
t 2 cos F F t sin F F
F
tb~
c + + 2 cos F F 2 F F F
tb 2 tb 1
2
tb 1
2
tb 1 mtb
Khng tn ti iu kin l tng chng rung
- my bin p 3 pha ni chung khng c hin tng rung do
m C B A
2
Bm B
2
Bm B
2
Am A
F
2
3
F F F
3
4
t sin F F
3
2
t sin F F
t sin F F
+ +

,
_

,
_

+

So snh

t
G
t
G
r
X

r
Nam chm in ~
= const
i = f()
bin i I thay i
F rung 2f
F = f() t i (cng )
Nam cham in

sc t ng iw = const

R
U
i binthin th nc khng
chy
F khng rung ht m
F = F() thay i (mm)
R
i

; G

Bi tp:(Iw) = const ( B nh nhau ),cng mt mch t =
min
.Hi F
-
>< F
~
?
1.8 : c tnh ng ca nam chm in mt chiu .
- Thng s quan trng ca NC :+ Thi gian tc ng .
+ Thi gian nh ca n .
+ Thi gian tc ng ( t
t
)l thi gian k t khi a tn hiu tc ng cho n khi np chuyn ng xong
=
min.
.
+ Thi gian nh ( t
nh
) l khi ct in cun dy n khi np ca NC kt thc chuyn ng =
max
.
I, c tnh ng ca NC 1 chiu :
1, Thi gian tc ng t
1
:
a, Mch t tuen tnh 1 cun dy :
( )
dt
dL
i
dt
di
L iR
dt
Li d
iR
dt
d
iR U + + +

F
-
~

max
I
nh
t
1
t
2
t
3
t
4
t
k
t
nh
i
I
nk

min
t
Thi gian khi ng =
max
= const l = l
o
= const
1 k
k
ln T t
i I
di
R
l
dt
R
l
T ;
R
U
i
dt
di
R
l
i
R
U
i l iR U
i
i
0 1
d 0
0
t
0
0
0 o
0
0
1

+


k
o
i
I
I
k
- h s d tr theo dng in ca NC.
R
l
T
0
0
- h s thi gian in t ca cun dy khi np m.
b, Mch t tuyn tnh c thm cun dy ngn mch :

'

+
0
dt
d
R i
U
dt
d
iR
n
n n

2
n
n n
i
i
n
0 1
R R
1 k
k
ln
R
R
1 T t

,
_

,
_

+

t
1
,R
n
t
1
cng ln
R
n
cun ngn mch b h mch trng hp ( a )
- Ngoi nh hng ca vng ngn mch , t
1
chu nh hong ca dng in xoy.
l
fx 8
R R
1 k
k
ln
R
R
1
R
R
1 T t
2
2
x
x x
i
i
x
x
n
n
0 1

,
_

,
_

,
_

+
l chiu di mch t

x
in tr sut vt liu dn t.
c, Trng hp mch t bo ha :
(i) quan h phi tuyn

+
k
0 o 0
1
i I
d
R
1
iR U
d
t
dt
d
iR U

2,Thi gian khi ng khi nh t
3
( ct in ):U=0
phng trnh cn bng :
Inh
Io
ln T
i
di
T
i
di
R
L
t
dt
di
L iR
dt
dL
i
dt
di
L iR 0
0
dt
d
iR
1
I
I
1
I
I
1
3
1
1
1
nh
kd
nh
kd

+ + +

+


L
1
in cm nam chm khi =
min
.
T
1
hng s thi gian in t NC khi np ht .
Thm vng ngn mch , in tr xoy (phi tuyn )
nh
o
x
x
n
n
1 3
I
I
ln
R
R
R
R
1 T t

,
_

+

3, Thi gian chuyn ng khi ng t
2
:
- Khi I = I
k
F > F
cn
nam chm in chuyn ng

max

min
L
0
L
1

k

o

a = 4 , AC = 24.

'

,
_

+
2
mv
d dx F dx F
dt
d
iR u
2
c 0
;
0
2
F F
mx 2
t

Trong :
m : khi lng phn ng my in
v = dx/dt
Dng phng php chia nh (i) thnh i
2
4.Thi gian chuyn ng khi nh t
4
u = 0 ,
max min
c
nh
S S
F F

<


F F
mx 2
t
c
4

II.c tnh ng NC xoay chiu (SGK)

Chng 2 : S pht nng ca kh c in
1.i cng
-Thit b hng do + in p cao nh thng cch in chm chp ,ngn mch
+ Nhit dng in gy nn nng cch in gi ha , chy
-Vt liu cch in chu nhit cp cch in
-Dng tn hao nng lng trong dy dn :
= I
2
R
Trong : R =
s
l
: in tr 1 chiu ca dy dn c lp
R
v
= K
m
R : K
m
l hiu ng mt ngoi ln tn hao dy dn
-Tn hao trong vt liu dn t (thp) khng ti
(f,B,
xoy
) ( W/leg) f,B,vt liu
-Tn hao trong cht in mi :
= 2fU
2
tg
Trong : tg l gc tn hao in mi .
2.Cc phng php trao i nhit
Co 3 phng php l dn nhit , di lu v bc x
-Dn nhit : do tip xc rn rn m :
dSdt
x
Q d
2

Trong : +d
2
Q truyn qua dS trong dt theo hng x
+ l h s dn nhit
+ l nhit

R



- i lu
- Bc x
3.Cc ch lm vic ca kh c in
Bt u lm vic phng trnh cn bng nng lng :
d c dt S k dt
T T T
+ +

Trong :
dt
l tn hao
dt k
T
+ l tn hao to ra mi trng
d c
T
l tn hao lam nng

m c c
T 0

l nhit dung thit b

l cng sut
S
T
l din tch to nhit
K
T
l h s to nhit

,
_

T
t
T
t
e e 1
0

vi
T T
T T
T
R C
S K
C
T
l hng s thi gian nhit
+

,
_

T
t
e t 1 0 0
0

Qu trnh pht nng
+ Qu trnh ngui : 0 d c dt S k
T T T
+ +

T
t
e

B
Lnh
Nng
0 t

A
T
Xc nh T: V tip tuyn t O ct

ti A ,OB = T.
+ ngha T ( vt l): l khong thi gian pht nng cn thit thit b t xc lp nhit khng c to
nhit ra mi trng :

nu K
T
= 0
t = T

,
_

632 . 0 1
T
t
e
+ Cc ch lm vic ph thuc t,

1.Ch lm vic di hn :
T
lv
ln

iu kin : t
lv
> (4

5) T ,

98 . 0 ,
0
2

C/h

+
0
: nhit cho php .
- ti I
dm
di hn ch di hn khng cho php qu ti
2. Ch lm vic ngn hn
- t
lv
b

<
- t
ngh
ln 0

2 mxx

2
P
+ t = t
lv
P = P
1

<
1 max

cha tc dng ht ln truyn nhit thit b
t
lv

P = P
1

+ P
2
> P
1
t = t
lv


2 max cho php

T
tw
1 max
2 max
1 max 1
2
e 1
1
P
P
k

h s qu ti theo cng sut
kp k
I

3.Ch ngn hn lp li

ngh lv ck
t t t +
t
lv
b

<
max
Sau n
chu k
ch n nh gi quanh (
max min
,
)

0 b



1
P
1 max

t
lv
t
min
t
max
t
ckn
t
2 ck
t
1 ck
t
lv
t

t
- Chu k 1 :

,
_

T
t
1
lv
e 1
T
t
1
'
1
lv
e

- Chu k 2 :

,
_

T
t
T
t
'
1 2
lv lv
e 1 e
T
t
2
'
2
lv
e
T
t
min
T
t
max
lv lv
e e 1

,
_

T
t
max min
ngh
e

<

chophp
T
t
T
t
max
ck
lv
e 1
e 1
cho php qu ti 1
e 1
e 1
k
T
t
T
t
max
lv
ck
>

2.4 S pht nng ca thit b in ch ngn mch
t
lv
rt b
on nhit khng c ta nhit
(I) rt ln
d c dt
T


chophp nm

ch ngn hn
- D bn nhit thit b in : l kh nng ca thit b chu dc dng ngn mch trong thi gian
cho php:
const t I
n
2
n

Khi ngn mch i khng chu k quy i i
nm
sang I
n
( chu k )
2.5 Cc phng php xc nh nhit
1.o bng nhit k thy ngn
-Khng d c nhit im
-Khng truyn c tn hiu i xa ,d v
ng dng nhit k cng tc thy ngn o khng ch nhit
2. o bng in tr

( ) +
T 0
1 R R
trong
T
l h s nhit in tr
Thng qua R

,R
0
,
T

o R
ngui
, R
nng
ta dng V- A cu o
- Dng sensor in tr ,mch cu
- R
x
in tr chun kim loi bn dn
3.o bng cp nhit in (nhit ngu)
- o nhit im
- Qun tnh nhit b
- C th truyn i xa
-
max
cao
- Khng cn co ngun m vn c ch th
4.o bng bc x hng ngoi
Chng 3 : Lc in ng kh c in
3.1 i cng v lc in ng
Lc in ng chnh l lc tc dng ca in trng v t trng
Trong 1 mch vng c s tc ng ca lc in ng lm bin dng mch vng
ch x lp I
m
khng ln
2
kI F b ngn mch I
nm
>> I
m
F tng ln lm cho thit
b nhanh hng hn
+ Cc phng php tnh lc in ng
1.nh lut Bio-xava-Laplace
- on mch dl
1
(m),i
1
(A) dt trong t trng
B
(T) c:
[ ] sin iBdl B dl i dF
1 1
vi ( ) B i
2
2

1



1 1
l
0
1 1
l
0
dl sin B i dF F
- Mi trng = const th
2
2 2
r 4
sin dl i
dH

I
2
(A) l dng in trong on mch dl
2
(m), r l khong cch dl
1
vi dl
2
, ( )
2 2
dl i

2
l
0
2
2 7
2
2 2 0
0
dl
r
sin i
10 B
r 4
dl sin i M
dB dH M dB
2

2 1
l
0
l
0
2
2 1
7
dl dl
r
sin sin
i i 10 F
1 2

(N)

C
k
2 1
l
0
l
0
2
dl dl
r
sin sin
1 2


: gi l h s kt cu
F
2 1
7
i i 10

C
k
(N) xc nh hng ca F ta dung quy tac bn tay tri
- Nu co 2 mch vng i
1
,i
2
ta c phng trnh cn bng nng lng :
2 1
2
2 2
2
1 1
i Mi i L
2
1
i L
2
1
W + +
2
2 2
2
1 1
i L
2
1
i L
2
1
+ : l bin i t cm

2 1
i Mi : l bin i v tr
-Nu cho 1 mch vng :
x
L
i i
2
1
x
w
F
2 1

(N)
-Nu cho 2 mch vng :
x
L
i i
x
w
F
2 1

iu kin bit c biu thc gii tch ca L, M theo x

Lc in ng h (l
1,
l
2
) bn vng nht nng lng ln nht .
- Cc trng hp thng gp :
3.2 Tnh ton lc in ng cc trng hp thng gp
1.Lc in ng cc thanh dn song song
d
2
l
1
l
a
1
i
2
i

d : ng knh dy dn << l
i
1 :

sin
r
dy i
4
dH M dB
2
1 0
0
dy
r
sin
i
4
B
1
l
0
2
1
0

t y = a/tg ; r = a/sin

d
sin
a
dy
2
a
cos cos
4
i
d
sin
4
i
B
2 1 1 0 1 0
1
2
+

dx Bi dF
2

x
dF dx
a
cos cos
4
i i
2 1 2 1 0
+

,
_

,
_

l
a
l
a
1
a
l 2
i i 10 dF F
2
2 1
7
l
0
x
2
-Nu 2 dy di khc nhau ,t lch nhau
2.Lc gia dng in v mi trng st t
+ Phng php nh gng
+ Dp h quang trong thit b in h p bng phng php ko di qung ng i h quang
3.4 Lc in ng in xoay chiu
1.in 1 pha
V bn cht lc in ng lc in t v c th thay th t trng
Fe
dng in i tnh theo phng
php i gng
2.in 3 pha
3, bn in ng thit b in
4.Cng hng c kh
Chng 3 : H quang in
3.1 i cng v h quang in
1.Phng in trong cht in mi
+ Nhit cao khong 6000
0

+
5 2
10 10 j A/mm
2

+Hiu ng quang
2.Qu trnh ion ha
- Pht x nhit in t
- Ion ha do va chm
- Ion ha do nhit cao
3. Qu trnh phn ion
- Phn ion do ti hp
- Phn ion do khuch tn
Nu : + Qu trnh ion ha > Phn h quang h quang tng
+ Qu trnh ion ha < Phn h quang h quang gimh quan s tt ng dng dp tt
h quang
3.2 H quang in 1 chiu
Mun dp tt h quang in 1 chiu tc l lm cho n khng chy n nh U
R
,U
L
khng ct
nhau.

hq hq hq
l E U const E
hq

Ti c nh U
R
c nh U
hq
tng khng ct U
r
tng U
hq
th tng chiu di ng h quang
3.3 H quang in xoay chiu
1.H quang in xoay chiu
2.Phc hi bn in ,in p
Ti R :
i 0 m u
0
0 d dp h quang
i 0 m u
0
u
max
kh dp h quang
i 0 m u
c
= u
max
,3u
max
kh dp h quang nht .
V vy khi chn thit b cn xem xet h s d tr
U
phc hi
> U
chc thng
h quang chy li do ngun v in tch ti
+ nh hng thun tr
U
o
, I
hq
trng pha
I
0
= 0 U
0
= 0 Phn ion rt mnh d dp h quang
+ nh hng ti cm (L)
U
o
, I
hq
lch pha nhau gc /2 vi vy :
max 0
0
u u
0 i

to iu kin thun li cho ion ha v nng

lng tch tr nn kh dp h quang
+ nh hng ti dung (C)
U
o
, I
hq
lch pha nhau gc /2 vi vy :
max C
max C
U 3 U
U U

kh dp tt h quang hn
ti R chn
mtai dutru m
I K I
Ti L th K=1.5
Ti C th K=2
3.4 Cc bin php dp h quang
dp tt h quang thi cn lm cho : qu trnh phn ion > qu trnh ion
Chnh l lm cho thi gian phong h quang gim th phn ion mnh
1.Ko di h quang
a. Ko di bng c kh tng khong cch gia 2 tip im (im cc)tng chiu di dao cch li
tng kch thc
Tuy nhin nu tng na th hiu qu khng tng. U
nh thng
vao khong 3000V/mm
b. Bt h quang i vo khe ziczc : dng t trng thi h quang vo khe zic zc dng trong cng t
in h quang in c xu hng i ln
c.Thi h quang bng t : lc in ng i v Fedn dp v ko di h quang ta nhit dng trong
kh c in
d.Thi h quang bng kh nng
- khng kh kh sch nn vi p sut cao 20 at trong bnh ng dn n vng in cc thi im m
van m thi mnh thi c lp (khng ph thuc I
ct
)
-Nhc im l cng knh
- H thng kh nn b xung ng ct nu khng nn
2.H quang chy trong mi trng c bit
a.Du bin p
-Cch in tt
-Do h quang du phn tch
-Nhc im : lng du gim v ha hi v bn thng kim tra lc sch b xung dng trong thit
b in ng ct cao p
My ct du h quang cch in
b.Dp h quang bng vt liu t sinh kh
-dng vt liu nh thy tinh hu c nhit cao ha hi c bn cch in cao vi cu ch
cao p thi h quang .Lc ct khng ln ,thit b r tin thng dng
c.Dp h quang in trong chn khng (cch in l tng)
-Kh nng ion ha bng 0 nhit h quang b kch thc b khng cn bo dng
-Cng ngh bung ct
-SF
6
(elegas) l kh cch in l tng ,chu c h quang ,dn nhit tt ,ng c nhit cao ,nn
SF
6
trong bung dp ,p sut vi at
-Nhc im : bn d r r kh
Nu p sut thp nn dp h quang km (kha khng cho thao tc )My ct cao p Siu cao p
3.Phn loi h quang
Chia nh h quang in p cao dng thng dng my ct hnh T ni tip thao tc ng thi



4.Dng ct ng b (cho dng )
-Khi i = 0thc hin ng ct c.Thao tc 3 pha m chi 1 pha bng 0 thao tc tng pha
- Ct ngn mch i > 0 khng c li
Chng 5 : Tip xc in
5.1 Khi nim chung v tip xc in
-nh ngha :
-Phn loi : + Tip xc c nh
+ Tip xc trt
+ Tip xc ct
- Loi tip xc : + Tip xc im (cu-cu)
+ Tip xc ng(tr-tr)
+ Tip xc mt (phng-phng)
5.2 in tr tip xc
Din tch tip xc S
tx
< S dng in tht li ch tip xcR
tx
tngtn hao tng
V l thuyt

F
a S
2
tx
trong F l lc nn tip xc
S
tx
tng th F tng v gim (vt liu mm)


5.3 Cc ch lm vic ca tip im
1.Cc thng s ca tip im:
I
m
, U
m
,I
ng
, I
ct
Nin: s ln ng ct
m: m (mm) khong cch gia tip im nh v ng khng phng in lin quan dn dp h quang
tx
2
m tx
R I P vi
tdchophep td
<
(di hn )
2.Cc ch ct (xc lp)
- L ch khoong c dng in i qua tip im I = 0
-m ln khng phng in
chng li bi bn ,xi ha cho tip im(IP- Cp bo v)
3.Ch ng (xc lp )
- I = I
m
, R
tx
= R
tx cui
(F
tx
cui)
-R
tx cui
nh u
tx
,
tx
phi b
- Khi ang ng to ra I
nm
lc in ng khng ln lm
cn hn dnh tip im
+tng F
tx
khng c li v tn cng c hc v thit b ln
+Gim xu hng nh hng F

4.Qu trnh ng
Txxi
a 2
tx
R
I
Txmat
txduong
F
-Khi c tn hiu ng tip im chuyn ng pha tip im tnh
m gim E tng F ln Phng in (tia la,h quang b)
khi m = 0 ht h quang F
tx
=F
txd
<F
txc
- Hin tng rung tip im ng(Theo Newton 3)
Bin rung cc i X
m

R
tx
bin thin > R
tx
cui tip im mn
Thi gian rung t
r

- gim rung :
+gim m
ng
lm gim thi gian rung
+ gim vn tc (c gii hn)
+ tng F
txd
(tng cng l xo)
+dng vt liu mm
-I
d
=I
0
(dng khng ti b)khng c hin tng g
Rung
R R
I I
txc tx
m
>
>>
P
tx ln
hm c tnh tip im
5.Qu trnh ct
R
txc
R
txd
( ln)
t > 0 2 tip im ri nhauh quang nng chyar b mtbc hikim loi theo h quangtip
im b mn ch yu do h quang khi ct (mn in):
I
ct
=I
0
mn t
I
ct
=I
t
mn va
I
ct
=I
nm
mn ln
mn ph thuc vo dng in ct
5.4 Vt liu tip im
Yu cu : dn in tt ,t
0
nc
cao , R
tx
tt , t b n mn ha hc ,t n mn (chu, h quang),sau pht ha ,d
gia cng,r
- ng : R
tx
ln (xi ha,t mn ,cng,chu h quang)sau pht ha,d gia cng ,rkh lp oxi ha
b mt kh i trong qu trnh tip xc c trt trn nhau hoc ng
Ch : Khi tnh nhit U=U
max
=1.1 U
m

U=U
min
cho php
-Bc t b oxi ha ,km chu h quangtip im lm vic vi I
m
-Nhm : oxit bn vng khng lm tip im
-Vnfram: nhit nng chy cao dng cho tip im h quang
-Kim loi gm : hn hp bt kim loi ,p p sut cao to cc tnh cht vt l thch hp
5.5 Kt cu tip im
+ Kiu cng sn :
- dng cho A 10 I
- 1 pha c 1 ch ct
- Khng c bung dp h quang
- Nam chm in ht chplc in t ln
- Lc tc dng ln tip im l lc n hi thanh dn
- Dng cho rle,U
tip im

max
= 250 V
+ Kiu cu
Trng thi ng
L xo tip im
ln
Thanh dn
ng
td
l
Tip im
Thanh dn tnh
- 1 pha 2 ch ct d ct h quang
- Truyn dng tnh tin
- Khng c dy dn mm
- Ch tip xc u , tip xc cui l nh nhau b mt d b r do h quang
- 1 pha c 2 ch tip xc F
tx
ln c cu truyn ng phi khe
Cng tc t n 1000 V
+ Kiu ngn
- Tip xc cc ng
- 1 pha c 1 ch ct v tip xc cui khc ng u tip xc trc lm vic , tip xc sauh
quang pht sinh vng lm vic lm sch tip im
i ln hng trm ,ngn ampemy ct h p
+ Kiu dao
- cu dao,dao cch li lin kt ngm ,tip xc mt lm sch phn lm vic v n t b h quang
- ng ct khng ti (ng b)I
lv
ln h pcao p
+ Kiu i
ng
L xo
tip
im
Nu : + rng mt ct khng kh nn
+ c mt ct chn khng
X l h quang quaygim cc im nng cc b


Tnh
+ Kiu hoa hu
Tr c
i Tip im ng

Gi l xo
L xo tip im

Tip im tnh
Dy dn
mm i
- Tip xc ng
- Phn tip xc ban u v tip xc lm vic khc nhau
- Khi b ngn mch lc in ng khng chng li lc l xo
- Dng trong my ct cao p dng in ln
- Dng cho cc dng tip xc ngn cho thit b hp b
Chng 6 : Cch in trong kh c in
6.1 Khi nim chung
Gi tr R gia cc vt c U khc nhau
R vt liu cch in to nn
+ Cp cch in (mc chu nhit )
+ Kh nng chu U , tg vi tg l gc tn hao in mi v U l in p chc thng
) m / V (
l
U
E
- cch in quan trng : th hin tin cy khi lm vic ,gi thnh
6.2 Cc yu t nh hng n cch in
- in trng (1)
- Nhit (2)
- Lc c hc (3)
- Mi trng (4)
(1) phng in cc b do vt liu khng ng nht tc i
2
khi i xc nh tg

tg

U
Cch in rn : hn hp
+ Qu in p : U > U
m
Nguyn nhn : - Do st (qu in p kh quyn)
-Thi gian rt b xung rt ln khng dao ng , tt nhanh theo khong cch
U = (chc

trm) U
m
,phng in b mt
Thit b chng st : sng , van c khe h hay van khng c khe h trc my bin p
gn thit b
- Do thao tc ng ct ti ln cng hng vi ln U
m
vi

'

>
<
kq
kq
t t
U U
- dng cc s gim u do cc thao tc
- tng d tr cch in
(2) - Nhit cao cch in gim hng
- Nhit ca phi cch in tng
(3) Va p ln nt ,rn cch in rn
(4) Bi bn chng bi bn b mt lm g , rnh , mi tng khong cch phng in b mt
6.3 in p th nghim
- t vo phn cch in kim tra cch in hng hay khng
- in p tn s cng nghip
m thu
thu
ku u
s 1 t

k>1 cch in mi nu U
m
thp k ln v U
m
cao k b
- U
thp
,d tr ln ph thuc vo bn c v in
in p xung -> xung chun du/dt -> thi gian xung ( 40 s)
1/2 chu k 50 Hz = 1.10
-2
s U
maz xung
> U
max
50 Hz
Th nghim TBD
6.4 Kim tra cch in
U
fong
=>
l
U
E vi cc dng in cc khc
in trng u -> E ln
in trng khng u -> E gim
Ni tip cc cch in bng vt liu khc , lu - hng s in mi ca vt liu
n tp
Bi tp : chng 1 ( NCD)
Nam chm xoay chiu c vng ngn mch
Sc t ng I
max
I
hdung
L thuyt : chng 2,3,4,5
Xoay chiu (,,B) gi tr max ( bin )
S liu thit k
P = 55kW cos = 0,97

dm
a
M
M
1,8
2p = 4 % = 90
U = 220/380 V
5 , 6
I
I
dm
kt

2 , 2
M
M
dm
max
>
XC NH KCH THC CH YU
1. P= 55 kw
n = 0,9
cos = 0,91
Theo cp cng sut v cos dy 3x chn n= 1500 vong/phut ( 228 )
2. xc nh chiu cao tm trc 2p = 4 ( 230 )
h = 220 ( mm) , Dn = 39,2 cm
k

= 0,64 - 0,68, chn k

= 0, 68
3. Xc nh D
K
D
=D/Dn => D= 0,68.33 : 2 = 26,65 ( cm )
4. Cng sut tnh ton

cos
P
.
k
P
dm E '
Chn k
f
= 0,97( 231 )
14 , 65
91 , 0
55
.
9 , 0
97 , 0
P
'

(kw )
5. chiu di tnh ton li st Stato
l
s
=
db
2
d
n . D . B . A . k . k .
7
10 . P . 1 , 6

= 0,64
l
cs
= 1,11
chn

h
d
= ( 0,91 0,92) = 0,91
T D
n
= 39,2 , 2p = 4 => chn A = 3408 ( A/ cm )
B = 0,77 ( T )
=> l
s
=
3000 . 2 , 39 . 76 , 0 . 380 . 91 , 0 . 11 , 1 . 64 . 0
10 . 14 , 65 . 1 , 6
2
7
= 9 cm
Chn l
s
= 18
b, Bc cc
=
cm 9 , 20
4
65 , 26 .
p . 2
D .

7. H s kinh t
=
86 , 0
9 , 20
18 ls

=> tho mn
8.Dng in pha nh mc
I =
75 , 101
91 , 0 . 9 , 0 . 220 , 3
10 . 55
cos . . U 3
10 . P
3
1
3


( A )
THIT K STATO
9.S rnh Stato
Chn q = 4
z
1
= 3.2p.q
1
= 6.2.4 = 48 rnh
10.Bc rnh Stato
t
1
=
48
65 , 26 .
Z
D .
1

= 1,7 ( cm )
11. S thanh dn tc dng ca 1 rnh
chn s mch nhnh a
1
= 42
U
r1
=
75 , 101
7 , 1 . 380 . 2
I
t . A . a
1
1 1

= 13,99
Chn U
r1
= 124 ( V )
12. S vng dy ni tip 1 pha
W
1
= p.q.
1
1 r
a
U
= 2.4 .124 : 2 = 5648 ( vng )
13.Tit din v ng knh dy dn
Chn A
J
= 3100 ( A
2
/ cm. mm
2
)
=> J =
380
1900
= 5 ( A / mm
2
)
=> tit din s b dy dn
s
dd
=
4 . 2 . 5
75 , 101
n . a . J
I
1 1

= 2,54 ( mm
2
)
s si chp n
1
= 4
chn loi dy dn ng trn PEN c
d
cd
= 1,975 ( mm
2
)
d = 1,88 ( mm )
14.Kiu dy qun
Chn dy qun bc ngn


4 .
48
p .. 2
Z
1
12 rnh
chn y= 10
=> =
6
5
12
10
Z
y

15.H s dy qun
k
y
= sin./2 =sin(

)
2
.
6
5
0,9659
k
r
=

2
15
sin . 4
2
15
. 4 sin
2
sin q
2
. q sin
0,9576
=
48
2 . 360
Z
360 . p
1

= 15
=> k
dq
= k
ng
.k
r
= 0,9659 . 0,9576 = 0,925
16.T thng khe h khng kh
=

5648 . 50 . 925 , 0 . 11 , 1 . 4
220 . 96 , 0
W . f . k . k . 4
U . k
1 d s
1 E
0,0187 ( Wb )
17.Mt t thng khe h khng kh
B

35 , 18 . 9 , 20 . 64 , 0
10 . 187 , 0
l . .
10 .
4
s
4
0,77 ( T )
18.S b xc nh chiu rng rng
B
Z


95 , 0 . 7 , 1
7 , 1 . 18 . 76 , 0
k . l . B
t . l . B
c 1 Z
1 1
1
1
0,8 cm
Chn k
c
= 0,95
B
Z
1
= (1,7 1,85 ) = 1,7
19. S b xc nh chiu cao gng Stato
h
'
g1
=

95 , 0 . 18 . 5 , 1 . 2
10 . 0183 , 0
k . l . B . 2
10 .
4
c 1 g
4
0,8 ( cm )
chn B
1 g
= (1,45 1,6 ) = 1,5
20.Chn rnh hnh qu l
C
h
12
= 1781,78 mm d
1
= 10 mm
h
41
= 0,5 mm d
2
= 17 mm
b
41
= d
cd
+ 1,5

h
r1
=
'
1 g
h
2
55 , 12
= 2,6135 cm = 26,14 mm
= 3,4 mm
HINH VE

Chn cch in rnh c chiu dy 0,4 mm
Chon cch in nm c chiu dy 0,5 mm
Din tch rnh tr nm
) mm ( 998 , 32 ) 5 8 , 18 (
2
15 10
8
) 15 10 (
)
2
d
h (
2
d d
8
) d d .(
S
2
2 2
1
12
2 1
2
2
2
1
r

+
+
+
+
+
+
+

Chiu rng ming cac tong nm la

2
d
1

Ca tm cch in gia 2 lp ( d
1
+ d
2
)
Din tch rnh tr nm

+ + + +

+
1
]
1

+ + +

5 , 0 .
2
10 .
4 , 0 ). 15 10 8 , 18 . 2
2
15 .
( C .
2
d
C . ) d d ( ln . 2
2
d
S
' 1
2 1 2
2
r
= 46,68 mm
2
H s lp y rnh
774 , 0
S
895 , 1 . 4 . 14
S
d . n . u
k
r
2
r
2
cd 1 1

21.B rng rng Stato

) mm ( 76 , 2 15
48
) 8 , 16 5 , 0 .( 2 5 , 266 (
d
Z
)) h h .( 2 D .(
b
2
1
12 41 '
Z
1

1
]
1

+ +

+ +

) mm ( 6 , 5 13
48
) 19 5 , 0 . 2 65 , 26 .(
d
Z
) 1 d 41 h . 2 D (
b
1
1
"
Z
1

+ +

+ +
=>
) mm ( 18 , 4
2
b b
b
"
Z
'
Z
tb
1 1

22. Chiu cao gng Stato

) cm ( 94 , 3 7 , 1 .
6
1
68 , 2
2
65 , 26 2 , 39
d .
6
1
h
2
D D
h
2 1 r
n
gl
+

23.khe h khng kh
) mm ( 721 , 0 )
4
9
1 (
1200
5 , 266
)
p 2
9
1 (
1200
D
+ +
Chn = 0,9 ( mm )
DY QUN RNH GNG STATO
24.S rnh Rt ( 246 )
Chn Z
2
= 38
25.ng knh ngoi R
t
2
= D
'
2
= D - 2 = 26,65 -2 . 0,07 = 26,51 ( cm )
26. Bc rng R

) cm ( 19 , 2
38
51 , 26 .
Z
D .
t
2
'
2

27.S b chiu rng rng R
) cm ( 1
95 , 0 . 75 , 1
19 , 2 . 76 , 0
k . B
t . B
b
c Z
2 '
Z
2
2


Ly B
Z2
= 1,75
28.Dng knh trc R
D
t
= 0,3.D = 0,3.26,65 = 8 ( cm )
29.Dng trong thanh dn R
I
t
= I
2
= k
I
.I
1
.
2
1 1
Z
d . k W 6

38
95 , 0 . 56 . 6
75 , 101 . 95 , 0 790,6 ( A )
Vi = 0,95 ( A )
30.Dng in trong vnh nm
) A ( 6 , 2401
38
2 .
sin . 2
1
. 6 , 790
Z
p .
sin . 2
1
I I
2
td v

31.Tit din thanh dn bng nhm

5 , 263
3
6 , 790
J
I
S
2
cd '
td

mm
2
Chn J
2
= 3
D
D
m
h
r2
d
1
d
2
d
41
h
42
D
m
32. Chn J
v
=
2,5 ( A / mm
2
)
S
v
=

5 , 2
6 , 240
J
I . S
v
t
960,64 ( mm
2
)
33. Chn kch thc s b Roto
chn dnh rnh
HINH VE
255 , 9
2
8 51 , 26
2
D D
h
t
'
r
2

( m )
Chn h
r
1
= (25 45 ) mm
Chn h
r
2

= 35 mm
b
42
= 1,5 mm
h
42
= 0,5 m
d = 7 mm
a x b = 25 . 38,4 mm
h
12
= h
r
2
- h
42
- d = 27,5 ( mm )
34. Din tch rnh R
231 7 . 5 , 27 7 .
4
d . h d .
4
S
2
12
2
r
2
+

( mm
2
)
35.Din tch vnh nm
a x b = 25.38,4 = 960 ( mm
2
)
36.B rng rng 1/3 chiu cao rng
b
b
12
h
42
h
r2
h
12

) mm ( 11 2
38
) 7 5 , 27 (
3
4
5 , 0 . 2 1 , 265
. d
Z
) d h (
3
4
h . 2 D
. b
2
12 42
'
3
1
Z
2

1
]
1

+

1
]
1

+

37.chiu cao gng R
) cm ( 87 , 5 7 . 0 .
6
1
5 , 3
2
8 51 , 26
d
6
1
r . h
2
D D
h
2
t
'
g
2
+

38 Lm nghing rnh R
b
n
= t
1
= 1,7 cm
TNH TON MCH T
39.H s khe h khng kh
S . D t
t
k
1 1
1
1

39 , 2
7 , 0
4 , 3
5
)
7 , 0
4 , 3
(
b
5
)
b
(
2
41
2 41
1

+

109 , 1
07 , 0 . 39 , 2 7 , 1
7 , 1
k
1

64 , 0
7 , 0
5 , 1
5
)
7 , 0
5 , 1
(
b
5
)
b
(
2
42
2 42
2

+

02 , 1
07 , 0 . 64 , 0 19 , 2
19 , 2
k
2

=> k

2 1
k . k

1,109 . 1,02 = 1,131
40.Chn thp 2212
41.Sc t ng khe h khng kh
F

= 1,6.B

. k

..10
4
= 1,6 .0,76.1,131.0,07.10
4
= 962,7
42.Mt t thng rng Stato

) T ( 17
95 , 0 . 8 , 0
7 , 1 . 76 , 0
B
1
Z


43. Cng t thng rng Stato
H
Z
1
= 19 ( A / cm )
44. ST trn rng Stato
F
z
1

= 2h
'
Z
1
.H
Z
1
= 2 . 2,18.19 = 82,84 ( A )
2h
'
Z
1
= h
Z
1

-
3
15
8 , 26
2
d
2
21,8 ( mm )
45.Mt t thng rng R
B
z
2
=
) T ( 752 , 1
95 , 0 . 1
19 , 2 . 76 , 0

46.Cng t trng trn rng R

H
Z
2
= 22,2 ( A/ cm )
47.ST trn rng R
F
Z
2

=

2 2
Z
'
Z
H . h . 2
2.3,26 .22,2 = 144,7 ( A )
) mm ( 6 , 32
3
7
35
3
d
h h
2 2
Z
'
Z

48.H s bo ha rng
24 , 1
7 , 962
7 , 144 84 , 82 7 , 962
F
F F F
k
2 1
Z Z
Z

+ +

+ +

49.Mt t thng trn gng Stato

18 . 95 , 0 . 6 , 3 . 2
10 . 0183 , 0
l . k . g . h 2
10 .
B
4
1 c 1
4
g
1

50. Cng t trng trn gng S

1
g
H
= 10,6
51.chiu di mch t gng Stato
) cm ( 96 , 27
4
) 6 , 3 2 , 39 (
p 2
) g . h D (
l
1 n
g
1

52.ST gng R

1 1 1
g g g
H . l F
28.10,6 = 296,8 ( A )
53.Mt t thng trn gng R
) T ( 911 , 0
18 . 95 , 0 . 87 , 5 . 2
10 . 0183 , 0
l . k . g . h 2
10 .
B
4
1 c 2
4
g
2

54.Cng t trng gng R

2
g
H
2,35 ( A/ cm )
55.Chiu di mch t gng R
) cm ( 9 , 10
4
) 87 , 5 8 (
p 2
) g . h D (
l
2 t
g
2

+

56.ST trn gng R

2 2
g g
2
g
H . l F
2,35 .10,9 = 25,615 ( A )
57. ST tng
2 1 2 1
g g Z Z
F F F F F F + + + +

= 962,7 + 82,84 + 144,7 + 296,8 + 25,615
= 152,66 ( A )
58.H s bo ha ton mch
57 , 1
7 , 962
66 , 1512
F
F
k

59.Dng in t ha
) A ( 96 , 22
925 , 0 . 56 . 7 , 2
66 , 1512 . 2
d . k . N . 7 , 2
F . P
I
1 1

Dng t ha %
(%) 13 , 23 100 .
75 , 101
63 , 23
100 .
I
I
I
dm

THAM S CH NH MC
60.Chiu di phn du ni S
+ B . 2 . k l
y d d
1 1
1,3.19,19+ 2 = 27 cm
19 , 19 10 .
48
) 68 , 2 65 , 26 (
y .
Z
) h D (
1
r
y
1

1
d
k
1,3 (1,55 )
61.Chiu di trung bnh vng dy ca dy qun S
l
tb
= l
1
+ l
d1
= 18 + 27 = 45 ( cm )
62.Chiu di dy qun 1 pha Stato
L
1
= 2. l
tb
.W
1
.10
-2
= 2.45.56.10
-2
= 50,4 ( m )
63.in tr tc dng ca dy qun S
049 , 0
54 , 2 . 2 . 4
4 , 50
.
46
1
s a . n
L
. r
1 1 1
1
75 1

( )
r
*
1
= r
1
. 025 , 0
220
75 , 101
. 054 . 0
U
I
1
( )
64.in tr tc dng dy qun R
4
2
r
2
2
Al
td 10 . 34 , 0
231
10 . 18
.
23
1
S
10 . l
. r
2

( )
65.in tr vnh nm
4
2
r
2
2
Al v
10 . 34 , 0
231
10 . 18
.
23
1
S
10 . l
. r
2

( )
D
v
= D -( a + 1 ) = 266,5 - ( 38,4 + 1 )
= 227,1 ( mm )
66.in tr R
5
2
7
4
2
v
td 2
10 . 97 , 4
329 , 0
10 . 5 , 8
. 2 10 . 34 , 0
r 2
r r

+ ( )
Vi
329 , 0
38
2 .
sin . 2
Z
p .
sin . 2
2

67.H s qui i
2 , 838
38
) 92 , 0 . 56 .( 3 . 4
Z
) k . W ( m . 4
2
2
2
1 d 1 1

68 .in tr R qui i
r
'
2
= .r
2
= 838,2.4,97.10
-5
= 0,042 ( )
r
*
2
= 0,042.101,75/ 220 = 0,0194 ( )
69. H s t dn tn Stato

+ + + k )
b
h
b
h
b 2
b
785 , 0 ( k
b 3
h
41
4 2 41 1
r
1
Vi
k
'

= 0,875
k

= 0,906
h
1
= h
r1
- 0,1d
2
- 2.c -c
'
= 2,68 - 0,1.1,5 - 2.0,04 - 0,05
= 2,4 ( cm ) = 24 ( mm )
h
2
=-(d
1
/ 2 - 2 . c - c
'
) = -(5 - 2.0,4 - 0,5 ) = -3,7
88 , 0 )
4 , 3
5 , 0
10
4 , 3
10 . 2
4 , 3
785 , 0 ( 906 , 0 .
10 . 3
24
1
r
+

+ +
70.H s t dn tn tp S
1
41 t
2
1 . 1 1
t
. k
b . . ) kd q ( t
. 9 , 0
1
1

tra = 0,0062
968 , 0
7 , 0 . 17
4 , 3
. 033 , 0 1 k
2
41

9327 , 0 006 , 0 .
07 , 0 . 131 , 1
968 , 0 . 72 , 0 . ) 92 , 0 . 4 ( 7 , 1 , 9 , 0
2
t
1

71.H s t tn phn du ni
2328 , 1 ) 9 , 20 .
6
5
. 64 , 0 27 .(
18
4
. 34 , 0 ) . . 64 , 0 l (
. l
q
. 34 , 0 l
1 1
d
1
d

72. H s t dn tn
+ +
1 1 1
d t r 1
1,12 + 1,13 + 1,197 = 3,442
73.in khng dy qun S
17 , 0 442 , 3 .
4 . 2
18
. )
100
56
.(
100
50
. 158 , 0 .
q . p
l
. )
100
W
(
100
f
. 158 , 0 x
2
1
1
2 1 1
1


( )
0888 , 0
220
75 , 101
. 192 , 0 x
*
1

74.H s t dn tn rnh R
42
42 42 2
c
2
1
r
b
h
k .
b . 2
b
66 , 0 )
s . 8
b .
1 (
b . 3
h
2
+
1
]
1

h
1
= 35mm h
42
= c
'
- d
2

b = 75 - ( 0,1 +1 ) .7 - 0,5 = 26,8 ( mm )
S
c
= 263,5
k =1
b
42
= 1,5

09 , 2
5 , 1
5 , 0
1 .
7 . 2
5 , 1
66 , 0 )
5 , 263 . 8
7 .
1 (
7 . 3
35
2
2
r
2
+
1
1
]
1

75.H s t dn tn tp R
2
42 t
2
2 2 2
t
. b
b ) d . k . q ( t . 9 , 0
2
2

k
b s ) d . k
p . 2 . 3
Z
(
9 , 0
t
0092 , 0
2 2
t t
2
2
2 2
2
8 , 1
131 , 1 . 07 , 0
0092 , 0 . )
12
38
.( 19 , 2 . 9 , 0
2
t
2


76.H s t dn tn phn du ni
233 , 1
5 , 2 . 2 84 , 3
7 , 22 . 7 , 4
lg .
329 , 0 . 18 . 38
7 , 22 . 3 , 2
b . 2 a
D . 7 , 4
lg
. l . Z
D . 3 , 2
2
v
2
2 2
v
d
2

+

+

Vi = 0,329
77.H s t dn tn do rnh nghing
5757 , 0 )
19 , 2
7 , 1
.( 3 , 2 . 5 , 0 )
t
b
.( 5 , 0
2 2
2
n
t rn
2

78.H s t tn Roto
+ + +
rn d t r 2
2 2 2
2,32 + 2,30 + 0,76 + 0,693 = 5,2528
79. in khng tn dy qun Roto
x
2
= 7,9.f
1
. l
2
.
2
.10
-8
= 7,9.50 .18 . 6,073 . 10
-8
= 0,0003734 ( )
80.in khng R qui i
x
'
2
= . x
2
= 838,2 . 4,317 . 10
-4
= 0,31648
167 , 0
220
75 , 101
. 316 , 0
U
I
. x x
1
1 '
2
*
2

( )
81.in khng h cm
409 , 0
63 , 21
192 , 0 . 63 , 21 220
I
x . I U
x
1 1
12

( )
Tnh theo n v tng i
62 , 4
220
75 , 101
. 98 , 9
U
I
. x x
1
1
12
*
12

( )
82.Tnh li k
E
98 , 0
220
19 , 0 . 75 , 101 220
U
x . I U
k
1
1 M 1
E

TNH TN HAO
82.Trng lng rng Stato
G
z1
=
Fe
. Z
1
.b
Z1
.k
Z1
.l
1
.k
g
.10
-3
= 5,51 ( kg )
83.Trng lng gng Stato
65 , 58 c . k . p . 2 . g . L . l . G
1 Fe g

( kg )
84.Tn hao trong li st
) kW ( 599589 , 0 , 0 10 . g . G . B P . kgc 10 . G B . Z P . kgc P P P
3
1
g
2
Feg
3
G
2
Z Fe Feg FeZ
'
Fe 1
1 1 1 1 1
+ +


85.Tn hao b mt trn rng R
P
bmr
= 0,051102 (kW)
86.Tn hao p mch trn rng R
P = 0,035069 ( kW )
87.Tn hao tng thp
0,68576 ( kW )
88.Tn hao c
0,531284 ( kW )
89. Tn hao khng ti
1,217044 ( kW )