MATHEMATICS

8th STANDARD

ALGEBRA - POLYNOMIALS ,aw;fzpjk; - gy;YWg;Gf;Nfhitfs;

CONTENT
DEFINITION OF POLYNOMIAL ADDITION OF POLYNOMIAL SUBTRACTION OF POLYNOMIAL MULTIPLICATION OF POLYNOMIAL

POLYNOMIAL
DEFINITION
AN EXPRESSION CONTAINING A FINITE OF TERMS WITH NON ZERO

NUMBER

COEFFICIENT IS CALLED A POLYNOMIAL

POLYNOMIAL
DEFINITION

( contd ..)

MONOMIAL - 2x BINOMIAL - x + y TRINOMIAL - x + y + z

DEGREE OF POLYNOMIAL
THE MONOMIALS IN THE POLYNOMIAL

ARE CALLED THE TERMS.

THE HIGHEST POWER OF THE TERMS IS

THE DEGREE OF THE POLYNOMIAL

Eg. 2X4 5X3 + 3X2 + 2X + 1

DEGREE OF THE POLYNOMIAL IS 4

ADDITION OF POLYNOMIAL
ADD : (3X3 + X2 2) AND (2X2 + 5X + 5) LINE UP YOUR LIKE TERMS AND ADD
3X3 + X2 +0X 2 2X2 + 5X + 5 3X3 + 3X2 + 5X + 3
( RE-ARRANGE IN DESCENDING ORDER)

SUBTRACTION OF POLYNOMIAL
SUBTRACT : (3X2 7Y2 + 9) (2X2 + 2Y2 6)
LINE UP LIKE TERMS AND ADD THE OPPOSITE 3X2 7Y2 + 9 2X2 + 2Y2 6
(-) (-) (+)
( CHANGE THE SIGN)

X2

9Y2 +15
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RULES

MULTIPLICATION OF POLYNOMIAL

MULTIPLY THE COEFFICIENTS MULTIPLY POWERS WITH THE SAME BASE USING LAW OF EXPONENTS Eg. x2 . X3 = x
2+3

= x5

Multiplying monomials
MULTIPLY THE COEFFICIENTS

MULTIPLY POWERS WITH THE SAME BASE USING LAW OF

EXPONENTS

(3m3n2) (9m2n4) (3.9)(m3.m2)(n2.n4)

= 27m5n6
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Multiplying A POLYNOMIAL BY A monomial

Multiply. 4(3x2 + 4x 8)

4(3x2 + 4x 8)

Distribute 4.

(4)3x2 +(4)4x (4)8 12x2 + 16x 32

Multiply.

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Multiplying A BINOMIAL BY A BInomial

To multiply a binomial by a binomial, you can apply the Distributive Property more than once: (x + 3)(x + 2) = x(x + 2) + 3(x + 2) = x(x + 2) + 3(x + 2) = x(x) + x(2) + 3(x) + 3(2) = x2 + 2x + 3x + 6 = x2 + 5x + 6 Distribute x and 3. Distribute x and 3 again. Multiply. Combine like terms.

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Another method for multiplying binomials is called the FOIL method.

F

1. Multiply the First terms. (x + 3)(x + 2)

O 2. Multiply the Outer terms. (x + 3)(x + 2) I 3. Multiply the Inner terms. (x + 3)(x + 2) L 4. Multiply the Last terms. (x + 3)(x + 2)

x x = x2
x 2 = 2x 3 x = 3x 3 2 = 6

(x + 3)(x + 2) = x2 + 2x + 3x + 6 = x2 + 5x + 6 F O I L
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Multiplying Polynomials
ALTERNATIVE METHOD (3x + 1)(x3 4x2 7) x3 3x +1 3x4 x3 4x2 12x3 4x2 7 21x 7 Write the product of the monomials in each row and column. Add all terms inside the rectangle.

3x4 + 12x3 + x3 + 4x2 21x 7 3x4 + 13x3 + 4x2 21x 7 Combine like terms.

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USES OF POLYNOMIALS
Mathematics is a core academic subject. In the

real world, algebra and calculus concepts are

essential to career paths in the areas of construction, architecture, aerospace and financial planning. Helping students understand the importance of concepts such as polynomials

in

mathematics
and

will

motivate
the

them

when

memorizing

perfecting

techniques.
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