024 DhammacekkaUSosAung

"r®pMumnTejf ycsuf 1
"r®pMumnTejf ycsuf
q&mBu;D OD;pd;k atmif
&efukefNrdKU
1364ckESpf waygif;vjynfh
2003ckESpf rwfv 17 &uf
q&mBuD; OD;pdk;atmif
2 "r®pMumnTefjycsuf
rmwdum
pOf taMumif;t&m pmrsuEf mS

rmwdum
tcef;(1)
ed'gef;
1/ "r®pMumnTefjycsuf a&;&jcif;taMumif;
2/ opömav;yg;udk y&rw¬ESifY t&aumufrSm;Mu
3/ "r®*kPfawmfajcmufyg; jynfhpkHrS bk&mYw&m;tpp
tcef;(2)
a½S;OD;a[m "r®pMuma'oem
t&d,opömyPmr
4/ bk&m;jzpfawmfrjl cif;
5/ tpGef;w&m; ESpfyg;
6/ b0ok;H yg;? wPSmok;H yg;
7/ umrb0ESiYf ½lyb0
8/ t½lyb0
9/ t½lypsmef&ol\ ÓPfokH;yg;
10/ vlo;Hk yg;
11/ "gwfo;Hk yg;
tcef;(3)
rZÑdry#dy'g
12/ tv,fvrf;
13/ vlvcl si;f wkjYH yefrI
rmwdum(tquf)
14/ wkHYjyefrI trSm;trSef
15/ or®m'd|d tpGe;f vGwaf omtjrifreS f
16/ qif;&JtppftrSef
17/ tjrifo;Hk ck? t½So
d ;Hk yg;? opömok;H vD
18/ or®mouFyÜ tpGe;f vGwaf om tawG;rSef
19/ or®m0gpm tpGef;vGwfaom tajymrSef
20/ or®mur®Eå tpGef;vGwfaom tjyKrSef
21/ or®mtmZD0 tpGe;f vGwaf om taerSef
22/ or®m0g,mr tpGe;f vGwaf om BuKd ;pm;rSef
23/ or®mowd tpGe;f vGwaf om Ed;k Mum;rSef
24/ or®morm"d tpGe;f vGwaf om pdwx f m;rSef
25/ tv,fvrf; rZÑdry#dy'g\ pGrf;&nfowåd
26/ oDvu pusifY&rnf
tcef;(4)
opömav;yg;
27/ t&d,opömav;yg;
28/ 'kut
© &d,opöm½Spcf suf
29/ 'ku© qif;&Jjcif;
30/ ZmwdçZ&mçr&P t&aumufo;Hk rsKd ;
31/ 'ku©ESifY 'ku©t&d,opöm uGmjcm;ykH
rmwdum(tqkH;)
32/ tvGeo f cd ufonfh 'kuE© iS Yf 'kut
© &d,opöm
ork',ESiYf ork',t&d,opöm
33/ w&m;tm;xkwfol ½IrSwf&rnfh cE¨m
34/ 'kuo © rk',t&d,opöm
35/ wPSmtppftrSef
36/ 'kue© ad &m"t&d,opöm
37/ wPSmudavomok;H yg;
38/ y[mefo;Hk yg;jzifY wPSmy,fyHk
39/ edAÁmefESifY todÓPfokH;yg;
40/ 'kue© ad &m"*grdeyD #dy'g t&d,opöm
41/ opömav;yg;\ opöÓPf? udpÓ ö Pf? uwÓP
42/ opömav;yg;jzifY w&m;ed*kH;csKyfjcif;
43/ ypöa0u©PmÓPf
tcef;(5)
wdu
k w
f eG ;f EI;d aqmfcsuf
44/ "r®pMumw&m;awmf\ &nfnTef;csuf
qkawmif;
q&mOD;pdk;atmif\
"r®pMum nTejf ycsuf
tcef;(1)
ed'gef;
1/ "r®pMumnTefjycsuf a&;&jcif;taMumif;
tavmif;awmf od'¨w¬rif;om;onftouf29ESpftxd xD;eef;
pnf;pdrf cHpm;&if; rtd?k rem? rao w&m;udk ½SmazGaecJo Y nf/ umr*kPf
cHpm;&if; w&m;½SmazGí r&rSef;odojzifY umrokcv’dumEka,m*
umrvrf;udkpGefYum awmxGufcJYonf/
awmü ½ky½f yI mG ;onfh ½lybm0emvkyif ef;? ½kyrf YJ ynwfEiS Yf emrf
½IymG ;onfY t½lybm0emvkyif ef;rsm;udk yGm;rsm;cJo
Y nf/
t½lybm0emvkyif ef;udk tmVm&ESiYf O'u&aoYrsm;xH enf;cHí
u sif
cJ
Y o n f
Y /u d
a v o mNid
rf;ao mf
v n f; Nid
r f;ao mt cg u d
a v o mjzpf
rn f
o l
h yg
]r½S
d
}
-jzpf
a eo n f
-u d
kaw GU&o n f
/x d
a Mu mif
Y
k Yt mVm&ES
ifYO'u &ao Y
w d
\
Y
k
t u sif
r sm;u d
Y kpG
efv d
Y u f
k o n f
/
u mro k
cv ’
d
u mEk
a , m* u mrcsr f;o mcH
p m;a o m t u si f
Y
u
&m*w yf
pGe f;rIt n pf
t ax ;cH
& í ? t mVm&çO'u &ao Y
w d
\ t w å
Y
k u d
v
rx mEk
a , m* t u sif
u v n f; &m*w yf
Y pGe f;rIt n pf
t ax ; cH
& jyef
o n f
/
u d
av o mt n pf
t ax ; cH
& w mu d a'G
y if]
k tEÅ} tpGe;f w&m;ESpyf g;
[k qdkonf(0w¬okwf)/
tpGe;f udck Rwv
f sif uRwEf ikd o
f nf/
tpGef;cRwfaq;½Sdonf/
tpGe;f cRwaf q;u ]r*¾i½f pS yf g;} jzpfonf/
tmVm&ç O'u &aoYw\ Ykd r[*¾w tusipYf &Pü ]or®m0gpm?
or®mur®E?Å or®mtmZD0}-
]t"dov D r*¾iof ;Hk yg; csKd UwJí Y r*¾i½f pS yf g; rjynfph o
Hk nfjh yif?
t½IymG ;cH ½kyçf emrfuvnf; Oyg'geu©Em¨ ½kyçf emrf r[kwf
aMumif;}? bk&m;jzpfrS odvm&onf/
]e 0dZÆaEÅw¬ 0d&wD Buda,okp r[*¾aw} (tbd"r®w¬o*F[)
xd k Y a Mumif Y atmuf y gt"d y Ü g ,f ½ S d a om *gxmud k bk & m;oQif
a[mMum;cJYonf-
½kyfemrf½IyGm;? w&m;udk½Sm?
½kyfemrfjzpfysuf? jrifvsufodrSm?
b,favmuf½rI w S ?f y&rwfopöm?
yGm;aomfjim;? w&m;r&yg/ (r[mAsL[okw)f
taumif;-tqd;k ? tusKd ;-tjypf pdppfoad ewm ]t&d,m}-yif/
taumif; - r*¾t&d,opöm?
tqdk; - ork',t&d,opöm?
tusKd ; - eda&m"t&d,opöm?
tjypf - 'ku©t&d,opöm/
2/ opömav;yg;udk y&rw¬EiS Yf t&aumufrmS ;Mu

avmuDpdwftm;vkH;? apwoduf? ½kyftm;vkH;onf 'ku©opöm?
ork',opömu avmb-wpfckwnf;/
þopömESpfyg; t&aumufudkMunfhvsif xdkw&m;rsm; tjzpfyGm;
cH&olrmS qif;&JtrSe(f 'kuo © pöm)ESiYf qif;&JaMumif;trSef (ork',opöm)
jzpfvrd rYf nfrmS rvG{J uef jzpf\/
t[dwpf w d rf sm;? avmuDBu, d mpdwrf sm;? Owkç tm[m&ç pdwrf sm;

aMumifjY zpfaom ½kyrf sm;onf rnfonfOh yg'gefaMumifrY Q jzpfonfr[kw?f
rnfonfOh yg'gef\ tm½k?H 0dygufrQvnf; r[kwMf uay/
xdaYk MumifY xd'k u k o
© pömESiYf 'kuo
© rk',opömonf-
y&rw¬'u k E© iS o
Yf rk',opömrsm;om jzpf\/
]'kut © &d,opömESiYf 'kuo © rk',t&d,opöm jzpf&ef taMumif;
r½S}d -acs/
y&rw¬opömESifY t&d,opöm ESpfyg;wdkYonf tarSmifESifYtvif;
jzpf\/ xdktarSmifESifYtvif;udk uGJjym;atmif cGJjcm;jyEdkifol q&mudk
½Sm&vdrfYrnf/
avmuü bk&m;oQiw f pfyg;wnf;om q&mr½So d l ]o,rÇL} jzpfí?

usefoltm;vkH;onf q&mr½SdbJ rodEdkifol ]y&rÇL}rsm;om jzpfMu&\/
y&awmaCmo- odon l eT jf yrS r*fzvkd ef Ad mÁ efukd odMu&\/ t&d,mjzpfrS
r*fzv kd ef Ad mÁ ef &Edik \
f /
aomwmyeft&d,mjzpfaMumif; t*Fgav;yg;½S\ d / ]okw0g t&d,
om0aum}-[kqdk\/ tm*rokw? t"d*rokw½Sdonfh t&d,om0u-
[k qdv k \ kd /
(1) y&d,wftm*kaH qmif tm*rokw½Sad om t&d,om0u?
(2) y&d,wfrS y#dywfoaYkd jymif;um usijYf cif;aMumifY r*fzv kd f
edAmÁ ef&½Sad om tm*rokw½Sad om t&d,om0u-[k
ESprf sKd ;½So
d nfwiG -f ]t"d*rokw}½So d nfh t&d,mt½Siw f oYkd mvsif r*fzv
kd f
edAmÁ ef&aMumif; r*¾i½f pS yf g;udk rSeu f efpmG vrf;nTeEf ikd Mf u\/
r*¾if½Spfyg;wGif-
]0dZÆmr*¾if}-2yg;?
]p&Pr*¾i}f -6yg; yg½S\
d /
or®m'd|?d or®mouFyÜ r*¾iEf pS yf g;onf todtjrif 0dZmÆ r*¾if jzpf\/
userf *¾iaf jcmufyg;onf tusipYf &Pr*¾irf sm; jzpfMu\/
0dZmÆ r*¾if jynfph u Hk mrQjzif?Y p&Pr*¾if jynfpu Hk mrQjzifY r*fzv

kd ef Ad mÁ ef
r&Edik yf g/ 0dZmÆ r*¾iEf pS yf g;? p&Pr*¾iaf jcmufyg;? aygif;r*¾i½f pS yf g;vk;H jynfph rHk S
r*fzv kd ef Ad mÁ ef &Edik yf gonf/ 0dZmÆ p&PorÜEé Ak'*¨ P k af wmfukd axmufqí?
r*¾i½f pS yf g;pkíH yg&rDjynhrf S y#da0"qdu k Ef ikd af Mumif; od&ygonf/
3/ "r®*kPfawmfajcmufyg;jynfhpkHrS bk&mYw&m;tppf
Ak'w
¨ &m;rSeu f "r®*P k af wmfajcmufyg;ESiYf jynfph &Hk \/ "r®*P
k af wmf
ajcmufyg;ESiYf rudu k nf v
D sif Ak'\ ¨ w&m; r[kwaf y/
oE´|d ud ? oH=ud,k w
f ikd ?f 'd|u
d =odEikd af om/ w&m;a[mol? emol
ESpOf ;D vk;H odEikd af omw&m;/ Ak't ¨ ½Sijf rwfonf emolrodEikd af om w&m;rsKd ;
udk a[mnTeaf vY r½Sad y/
tumvdu? taMumif;uHEiS Yf tusKd ;0dygufwYkd wqufwnf; jzpf

aom w&m;rsKd ;udo k m a[mnTeaf vY ½S\d / umv? Xme? ya,m*jcm;aom
umvduw&m;rsKd ;udk a[mnTeaf vY r½Sad y/
avmuk w å & m taMumif ; r*f E S i f Y tusd K ;zd k v f w d k Y umv?Xme
rjcm;ouJo Y Ykd y#dpoö rkygÜ 'fa'oemwGivf nf; taMumif; ocFg& or®0#fEiS Yf
tusKd ;0dnmPf 0dygu0#fwYkd taMumif;ttusKd ; tumvdu umvrjcm;
aMumif; bk&m;oQif a[mnTex f m;onfukd awGUjrifEikd \ f /
(tbd"r®mwGifvnf; o[Zmwur®ESifY ememu©Pduur®wdkYudk

azmfjyxm;\)/
t&d,opömav;csuw f iG f udavomESiw
Yf uGjzpfaom taMumif;
uHrSm; 'ku©ork',t&d,opöm jzpfonfESifYwNydKifeuf? wqufwnf;
tusKd ; 'kut © &d,opöm jzpf\/
xdtYk wl taMumif; r*¾t&d,opömESiYf tusKd ; 'kue© ad &m"t&d,
opöm wNyKd ief uf wqufwnf; jzpfMu\/
r*¾i½f pS yf g; yGm;aeaomolonf 'kut © &d,opömudk ykid ;f jcm;odonf

ESiYf 'kuo © rk',t&d,opömudk y,fcg? 'kue© ad &m"t&d,opömodYk qdu k f
a&mufav&m ]opömav;csuw f Ykd wNyKd ief uf jzpfay:\}-[k qd&k \/
Zmwd'u k -© ponfh Oyg'geu©Em¨ w&m; ½Spyf g;wdYk vlü jzpfymG ;aecdu k f
'kut © &d,opömjzpfí? udavomESiw Yf uGaom uHrmS ; vlü jzpfymG ;aecdu k f
'ku©ork',t&d,opöm jzpfaeonf-[k qdk&\/ ,if;opömESpfyg;wdkY
csKyNf ird ;f jcif;onf 'kue© ad &m"t&d,opöm(edAmÁ ef) rnf\/
'ku©t&d,opömü Ak'ä[mMum;onfh ZmwdçZ&mçr&P 'ku©wdkY

onf "r®okH; ZmwdçZ&mçr&P-'ku©rsm;om jzpfMu\/ t&yfokH; (0g)
trsm;odaeMuonfh *AÇao,su Zmwd'u k -© ponfwYkd r[kwaf y/ xd'k u k ©
rsm;onf ]obm0'ku©}rsm; jzpfí? Oyg'gefaMumifYjzpfaom 'ku©rsm;
r[kwaf omaMumifY vlrS uif;uGmoGm;atmif rjyKEikd af y/
"r®o;Hk Zmwd'u
k ?© Z&m'ku?© r&P'kuw © o
Ykd nf vlü rMumcP
vma&mufcw kd wfaom (Oyg'gefaMumifjY zpfaom) {nfo h nftm*EÅKwUkd jzpfí
vlruS if;uGmatmif r*¾iyf mG ;í ESix
f wk Ef ikd Mf u\/
xdk{nfhonfjzpfaom Zmwd'ku©-ponfwdkYonf vlrS
xm0&uif;uGmoGm;&ef ,if;wdkY\ vu©Pm tedpöç'ku©çtewå½Ium
tm;xkw&f jcif;jzpfaMumif; þusr;f u jyqdx
k m;\/
þusrf;u nTefjyonfhtwdkif; vdkufemtm;xkwfolrsm;onf

aomwmywådr*fzdkvftpkHudk tenf;qkH; {uef&EdkifaMumif; þusrf;u
wm0ef,lygvdrfYrnf/
xdaYk MumifY ]"r®puúy0wåeokweå }f a'oemusr;f udk trsm;a0ae,s

wdYk trSm;a&tvsOaf usmrSm arsmygae&onft h wdik ;f ? nTejf ycsuu
f kd vTx
J u
G f
ul;cwfEikd af tmif pmwdw k u
kd sO;f usO;f jzifY vd&k if;vkyuf m ]"r®pMumnTejf ycsu}f
tjzpf wifqufvu kd yf gownf;/
q&mBuD;OD;pdk;atmif
o?p?t? "r®mp&d,? bDat
omoema&;OD;pD;Xme?
okawoeESiuYf sr;f jyKXme(tNird ;f pm;)
tcef;(2)
a½S;OD;a[m "r®pMuma'oem
t&d,opöm yPmr
]Moumo? Moumo/ bk&m;wynfhawmf udk,fçEIwfçESvkH;okH;yg;
wpfg;yg;jzifY aumif;çraumif;vGeu f sL;csuu f kd tyg,fvm;? uyfwu kd ?f &yfjypf
qdkuf&ef yGm;çysufpD;jcif;rsm;[lí odjrifyg\/ þodkY od&aomaMumifY
vGefusL;vdkrIrsm; NiD;aiGU½GH½Sm tmomuif;jywf? y,fowfuefawmYyg\
bk&m;/
þodYk uefawmY&aom tusKd ;aMumifY vGeu f sL;rIcyford ;f rSNird ;f Ny;D
vGwfajrmuf&\bk&m;/
þodkY vGwfajrmuf&aomaMumifY vGefusL;rIrSeforQudk ysufpD;?
qif;&J? tusKd ;enf;? rvSy-[k ÓPf0jrifawG; todarG; aexdik yf g\ bk&m;/
þ ]t&d,opömav;yg; jrwfw&m;}-jzifY &wemok;H yg;
tm; ½Scd ;kd 0Eém ylaZmfyg\/ ylaZmfciG u
Yf kd jyKawmfryl g Moumo? Moumo}/
4/ bk&m;jzpfawmfrljcif;
od'w ¨ r¬ if;om;onf r[mouú&mZf 103ckEpS ?f uqkev f jynfah eY\
rd;k aomuf,t H cgwGif tdE, d´ Edik if H AD[me,f½dS (*,moDoteD;) aAm"dyif
atmufwiG f bk&m;jzpfawmfro l nf/ aAm"dyifteD;0ef;usiw f iG f ol&½Scd o YJ nfh
w&m;wdu Yk kd qifjcifo;Hk oyfvsuf aecJ\ Y /
bk&m;oQio f jd rifonfh w&m;udk vltrsm;vufcEH ikd zf Ykd cJ,Of;rnfukd
qif j cif r d o jzif Y pd w f t m;avsmY c J Y \ / od k Y & mwG i f od E k d i f o l r sm;ud k
½SmazGa[mMum;&ef tBujH zpfí w&m;½SmazGpOfu oDwif;ok;H azmfjzpfcaYJ om
yOö0*¾wD ½Ykd &dS m rd*'g0keaf wmodYk <uawmfrcl \ YJ / 0gqdv
k jynfah eY rd*'g0keo f Ykd
a&muf½&dS m ae0ifcsed üf yOö0*¾wD t Ykd m; "r®pMumw&m;udk a[mawmfr\
l /
xdk"r®pMumw&m;ü-
(1) ed'gef;ydik ;f ?
(2) udk,fxnfydkif;?
(3) ed*kH;ydkif;-[k okH;ydkif;½Sd\/
ed'gef;u tpGef;ESpfyg;?
ud, k xf nfyikd ;f u r*¾i½f pS yf g;?
ed*;Hk ydik ;f u opömav;yg; jzpf\/
ed'gef; tpGe;f ESpyf g;u ud, k xf nf r*¾i½f pS yf g; ay:vGiaf tmif azmfjy

aom aemufco H rdik ;f /
ed*kH; opömav;yg;u udk,fxnf r*¾if½Spfyg;\ tokH;us tusdK;
&vm'f/
ud, k x f nf r*¾i½f pS yf g;u ]bk&m;\ w&m;[lonf y"getusq;Hk
yGm;rsm;&rnfh r*¾i½f pS yf g;w&m;}-yif jzpf\/
]r*¾if½Spfyg;w&m;}-onf rZÑdry#dy'g ac: tv,fvrf;usifYpOf
w&m;yif jzpf\/ tv,fvrf;ay:vGiaf tmif 0Jpnf;?,mpnf; tpGe;f w&m;
ESpyf g;wdjYk zifY pnf;om;ay;um ed'gef;ysKd ;cJ\ Y / xdaYk MumifY ed'gef;pum;onf
ta&;Bu;D \/ ed'gef;yDjyifrS ud, k xf nfpmud,k f ay:vGirf nf jzpf\/
5/ tpGef;w&m;ESpfyg;
ed'gef;pum;um;-
]a'G ar bdu©a0 tEÅm yAÁZdawe eao0dwAÁm}
]w&m;usifYolrsm; þtpGef;ESpfyg;udk rrSD0J&? a½Smif&rnf}-[lí
jzpfonf/
tpGef;w&m;ESpfyg;um;-
]umrokcv’dumEka,m*}ESifY
]twåuv d rxmEka,m*}-wdYk jzpf\/
umrcsrf;omaemufvdkufonfh tusifYESifY udk,fyifyef;cHaemuf
vdu
k o f nfh tusiw Yf Ykd jzpf\/
]umrokcv’dumEka,m*}-udk-
[Daem-,kwf\/
*gar®m-½Gmolw\ Ykd tavYjzpf\/
aygxkZeÆ ad um-ykxZk Ofw\ Ykd tavY? vlwikd ;f tvY jzpf\/
te&d,m- ½d;k ajzmifjY zLpifol t&d,mwd\ Yk tusiYf r[kw/f
tew¬o[ H ad wm-tusKd ;rrsm;onft h vky-f [k wefz;kd jzwf\/
]twåudvrxmEka,m*}-udk-
'kau©m-qif;&J\/
te&da,m-½d;k ajzmifjY zLpifol t&d,m rjzpfEikd /f
tew¬o[ H ad wm-r*fzv
kd ef Ad mÁ ef r&Edik o
f jzifY tusKd ;rrsm;
onfhtvkyf-[k wefzdk;jzwf\/
umrokcv’dumEka,m*? umr+okc+tv’du+ tEka,m*-
umrcsr;f omudk pGNJ ií d tzefzeftm;xkwrf I tusi/Yf
twå u d v rxmEk a ,m*? twå + ud v rx+tEk a ,m*-
ud,k yf ifyef;rIukd tzefzeftm;xkwaf om tusi/Yf
tm½kHig;yg; qGJaqmifrIaemufvdkufonfhvrf;ESifY tm½kHig;yg;
qGaJ qmifru I kd jiif;qef½ek ;f uef tyifyef;cHonfv h rf;[k ESprf sKd ;½S\
d /
wpfenf;qdv k sif umrxJepfonfh umrvrf;ESiYf umrrSvw G af tmif
aeonfh r[*¾wvrf;wdYk jzpf\/ umrtm½krH S vGwaf tmifaeonfuykd if
ud, fk tf yifyef;cHonf-[k qd&k \/
]umr}-qdkonfrSm vdkcsifrIwPSmESifY vdkvm;zG,f tm½kHig;yg;
umr*kPw f &m;wdYk jzpf\/ vlwo Ykd nf umr*kPtf m½krH sm;udk csr;f om[k
rSwx
f ifum umrtm½kw H iG ef pfí tm½k\ H aus;uRerf sm; jzpfaeMu&\/
twå u d v rxmEk a ,m*? twå + ud v rx+tEk a ,m*-

ud,k yf ifyef;rIukd tzefzeftm;xkwaf om tusi/Yf þü ]twå}-[lonf
wdww d¬ Ykd Buq H tyfaom twå? ZD0? touf? vdyjf ym? 0dnmOfaumifr[kw/f
]rdrud , kd }f -[k t"dygÜ ,f ½S\ d / ]twåorm yPD"?d twåm[d twåaememaxm}-
yk'rf sm;½Sd twå-yk'u f oYJ Ykd t"dygÜ ,f½\ dS /
bk&m;avmif; awmxGufvmNyD;aemuf rMumrD tmVm&? O'u
&aoYwx Ykd H a&mufí? 4if;wd\ Yk t½lypsmefrsm;udk enf;cHusicYf \ YJ / od&Yk mwGif
olvckd si&f m(rtd?k rem?raow&m;) r&í olwt Ykd usiu Yf kd pGecYf gG Ny;D ? yOö0*¾D
ig;OD;wd\ Yk tvkyt f auR;udk cH,u l m tjyif;txefusicYf \ YJ / ae0onm
emonm,we t½lypsmefuykd if tpGr;f ukef t½Sed jf ri§ í Yf ? t½d;k ay:ta&wif
toufiifonftxd usicYf \ YJ /
bk&m;avmif;uJo Y Ykd usiEYf ikd o
f l avmurSm r½S/d þonfuykd if 'ku&ú
p&d,tusi-Yf [k qd\ k / þtusiüYf a&iky?f wk;H cke?f rD;vI?H Z,fcwftusirYf sm;
rygaom twåuv d rxmEka,m*tusiYf pifppf jzpf\/
(½lybm0emonf onm0d&m*bm0em jzpf\/ umrudpk v JG ef;onfh

onmudk tjypfjrifaom? onmudk rke;f aom? onmudk y,faom tusiYf
jzpf\/ wpfu,kd w
f nf;? wpfae&mwnf;wGi?f wpftm½kw H nf;ü pdwu f x
kd m;½Sd
í onmudk 0d&m*jyKjcif;tm;jzifY cE¨mudyk ifyef; EGr;f e,fapaom? nI;d EGr;f
ajcmufcef;apaomtusifY jzpf\)/
t½lybm0emonf ½ly0d&m*bm0em jzpf\/ (½lybm0emjzifY

onmudyk ,fNy;D aemuf useaf eao;aom)½kyu f kd ½G½H mS pufqw
k af om? ½kyu f dk
rke;f aom? ½kyu f ykd ,faom tusijYf zpf\/ ½ly? o'´? *E¨? &o? azm|AÁwo Ykd nf
½kyrf sm; jzpf\/ xrif;paom tpm;tpmwdo Yk nf ½kyrf sm; jzpfí? tpm;tpm
udyk ,faom tusio Yf nf t½lytusiYf jzpf\/
bk & m;avmif ; 'k u ú & p&d , usif Y a omtcg tpm;tpmrsm;
y,fojzif?Y cE¨mud, k o f nf t½d;k ESit
Yf a&om useaf wmY\/ xdaYk MumifY 'ku&ú
p&d,mtusiu Yf kd cE¨mud, k f yifyef;EGr;f e,fapaom?(b0udk nI;d EGr;f ajcmuf
cef;apaom) twåuv d rxmEka,m* tusi[ Yf k qd&k \/
avmuü umrtusiEYf iS Yf umrudv k eG o f nfh ½lyg½ly r[*¾wtusiYf
[k ESprf sKd ;½S\
d / umrtusiu Yf umrokcv’u d mEka,m*? ½lyg½lytusiu Yf
twåudvrxmEka,m*wdkY jzpf\/ ,if;tusifYrsm;onf avmuDw&m;?
'kuw © &m;? oHo&mw&m;? Oyg'geu©Em¨ w&m;wdYk jzpfMu\/
avmukw&å mw&m; r[kwaf y/
6/ b0ok;H yg;? wPSmok;H yg;

b0ok;H yg;rSm umrb0? ½lyb0? t½lyb0/
wPSmok;H yg;rSm umrwPSm? ½lywPSm? t½lywPSm odrYk [kwf
umrwPSm? b0wPSm? 0db0wPSm/
b0rSeo f rQ yGm;p&mr[kw?f pufqw k pf &m pGeyYf ,fp&mom jzpf\/
usifBuD;ESifYwl\/ usifBuD;rSeforQ *kPf½Sd*kPfrJY? qif;&Jcsrf;omra½G;
,if;wd\ Yk usiBf u;D onf ½GzH ,f pufqw
k zf ,
G f pGeyYf pfz,
G o
f m jzpf\/
xdkYaMumifY avmukwå&mr*¾if½Spfyg;rSwyg; usefa&ikwf? wkH;ckef?
rD;vI?H Z,fcwf tygt0if avmutusirYf mS ;rsm;onf ½lyg½lywpfrsKd ;rsKd ;wGif
yg0ifí? twåuv d rxmEka,m* tpGe;f w&m;twGi;f uyfa&mufMu&onf/
7/ umrb0ESiYf ½lyb0
½lyb0emonf onm0d&m*bm0em jzpfonf/ umronmudk
y,fcGgaomtvkyf jzpfonf/ pdwful;onfudk onmac:í pdwfudk
tm½ktH rsKd ;rsKd ;odYk rul;rajymif;atmif tm½kw
H pfcw
k nf;ü wnfaeatmif
usifYaom tvkyfonf onmy,fcGgaomtvkyf jzpfonf/ ½kyftm½kHü
pdwu
f kd csKyx f m;aomtvkyf jzpf\/
½ly? o'´? *E¨? &o? azm|AÁ tm½krH sm;vnf; ½kyrf sm;yifjzpf\/ trSwf
onmpdwu f ;l ESiYf aygif;pyfum umr"gwfrsm; 0ifvm&\/ *kPt f &nftaoG;
rsm;0ifum vdkvm;zG,f/ rvdkvm;zG,frsm; jzpfyGm;vm\/ xdkYaMumifY
,if;½kyt
f m½krH sm;udyk if umr*kPw f &m;rsm;-[k ac:qd&k \/
,if;umr*kPw f &m;wdu Yk vlwt Ykd m; csr;f omqif;&Jukd jzpfap\/

csr;f omrIuenf;í qif;&Juom ydu k \J / umr\tjypfukd jriforl sm;u
½kyrf u
S mr"gwfukd z,f½mS ;&efBuKd ;pm;Mu\/ umr"gwfukd z,f½mS ;&ef trSwf
onmpdwful;rsm;udk y,fcGg&\/ onm0d&m* bm0emvkyfief; jzpf\/
jrifcu kd ?f Mum;cdu k pf onfü pdwu f &kd yfxm;\/ ½kycf sn;f oufouf odae&ef
jzpf\/ rdwaf qGç&efol r½S?d om;orD;çrdb ponf r½Sd jzpf\/
½kycf sn;f oefo
Y efY &yfwnfEikd af omtcg ½kyo f nf umrESiYf oD;jcm;
jzpfaMumif; odvm\/ ESpfodrfYrI yDwd? csrf;ajrUrI okc? pdwfwnfNidrfrI
{u*¾wm? psmeft*Fgrsm; jzpfay:vm\/ umru vk;H 0vGwv f rkd aI MumifY
umr\tjypfrsm;udk wd;k íqifjcifav? yDwçd okcç{u*¾wmwdYk wd;k íjzpfygG ;
av jzpf\/ aemufq;Hk ü pdwu f ;l rIonmwdYk vk;H 0csKyNf ird ;f um ½kyt
f m½ko H uf
oufüom wnfNird jf ynf0h oGm;\/ Oayu©m? {u*¾wmusonf-[k qd&k \/
þum; onm0d&m* ½lybm0em\ aemufq;Hk tqifY jzpf\/
½lyb0onf umraMumifjY zpfrnfh 'kur© S Nird ;f at;oGm;aomfvnf;

½lybm0em\ tjypfrsm;vnf; ay:vmjyef\/ ½kyef mrfEpS yf g;½So d nfh vlonf
½Sio
f efrI r½Sad wmY/ ½kyaf oBu;D uJo
Y Ykd jzpfomG ;\/ rsupf ?d em;? ESm ponfh
tm½kcH t
H *Fgrsm; aumif;pGm tvkyrf vkyaf wmY/
umr"gwfrsm; Nidrf;oGm;onfhtwGuf taumif;tqdk;? tusdK;ç

tjypf cGJjcm;rodol? aqmif&efça½Smif&ef rodol? BuD;yGm;pD;yGm; rvdkvm;ol?
vlw
Y m0ef0wå&m;rsm; csKd UwJo
Y l jzpfomG ;\/ onmysuo f ?l tonowå0g-
[k qd&k \/
þum; ½ky½f yI mG ;ol ½ly0g'Dorm;\ aemufq;Hk vu©Pm jzpf\/

xdaYk MumifY ½ly0g'Dorm;udk twåuv d rxmEka,m* tusiyYf mG ;rsm;ol-[k
qdk&\/
½l y bm0em yG m ;rsm;ol t m; r*¾ i f ½ S p f y g;rjynf h / or® m 0gpm?

or®mur®EÅ? or®mtmZD0 oDvr*¾ifokH;yg; r0ifaomaMumifY jzpf\/
xdkYaMumifY avmukwå&m rjzpf/ avmukwå&m rjzpfaomaMumifY r*fzdkvf
ed A Á m ef r&Ed k i f / 'k a u© m -qif ; &J ½ k H r Q? te&d a ,m-t&d , m rjzpf ?
tew¬o[ H ad wm-r*fzv kd ef Ad mÁ efr&? tpD;tyGm;rJoY m jzpf\/
]e 0dZÆaEÅw¬ 0d&wD Buda,okp r[*¾aw} (tbd"r®w¬o*F[)

pum;t& odom\/ usiyYf mG ;aecdu k f csr;f om½krH Q jzpf\/ qufusiOYf ;D -[k
rqk;H Edik af omtusiu Yf kd aoonfxud si&Yf aom r[*¾ww&m;om jzpf\/
8/ t½lyb0
t½lybm0emvkyfief;vnf; r[*¾ww&m;yif jzpfaomaMumifY
0D&wDr,SOíf r*fzv kd ef Ad mÁ ef r&Edik /f tpGe;f w&m;wGif yg0ifí twåuv d
rxmEka,m*tusiyYf if jzpf\/
t½lybm0emvkyfief;um; ½ly0d&m*-½kyfudky,faom? ½kyfudkrkef;
aom vkyif ef; jzpf\/ ½kyrf sm;t½St d jzpfrS vGwaf tmif vky&f onfv
h yk if ef;
jzpf\/ 0w¬Kçj'yftjzpfrS aysmufatmif cGjJ crf;pdwjf zm ½IMunfrh I jzpf\/
awmudkMunfhaomolonf awm-[lí pifppfr½Sd/ opfyifrsm;om

½S\
d / opfyifrsm; tpktaygif;udo k m awm-[k qd&k \/ t&m0w¬KreS o f rQ
vnf; tpdww f Ykd aygif;pkxm;í xGuaf y:vmonfh t&dy?f edrw
d ?f yko
H P²mef
rsm;omjzpf\-[k qd\ k /
½kyef mrfwv Ykd nf; þtwl jzpf\/ yx0Doufouf r[kw/f tcsi;f
csif;rSD&rS wnf½SdEdkif\/ ½kyfuvmyfwpfckwGif tenf;qkH; ½kyf½Spfyg;½SdrS
uvmyfreI w f pfck wnf½&dS \/ emrfw&m;vnf; xdek nf;rjcm;? pdww f pfcw
k iG f
,SOfzufapwoduf ckepfyg;ESifY tenf;qkH; aygif;pyf&rS emrf"gwfwpfck
jzpf\/
t½lybm0em yGm;olonf txnf0w¬K or®KwdopömrSeforQ

tpdwt f pdwf y&rw¬opömjzpfatmif o½kycf JG Munfo h nf/ ½kyef mrfuaJG tmif
½IMunfo h nf/ ½kyw f &m;çemrfw&m;wdYk rdrw d cYkd sn;f oufouf &yfwnfEikd pf rG ;f
r½SdykH-twåowåd? olwpfyg;wdkY &yfwnfEdkifatmif pGrf;aqmifEdkifrI r½SdykH-
twåe, d owåw d rYkd S uif;ykw
H uYkd kd odjrifvmMu\/
½kyef mrfw&m;wdYk ud, k yf ikd f twåowå?d twåe, d owård S uif;ojzifY
tewåjzpfy?Hk ysupf ;D aeyk-H tedp?ö qif;&Jy-Hk 'kuv © u©Pmwdu Yk v
kd nf; odjrif
vmMu\/ y&rw¬"r®w\ Ykd aMumufz, G ?f vefzY ,

G ?f Ni;D aiGUzG,f vu©PmÓPf
&ifo Y efvmaomtcg xdyk &rw¬"r®wrYkd S vGwaf jrmufvmvdMk u\/
vGwaf jrmufvo kd jzifY txyfxyf yGm;zefrsm;aomtcg y&rw¬"r®
wd\Yk vu©Pmrsm;ESiYf ,Ofyg;vmojzifY aMumuf½UHG Ni;D aiGUp&mrjrif tavsmf
twdkif;yif aeEdkifvm\/ xdktcg t½lybm0emyGm;ol\ tm½kHcHt*Fg
raem'Gg&ESiYf tm½kw H Ykd oD;jcm;uif;uGmraebJ wpfxyfwnf; usomG ;\/
tm½kHy&rw¬"r®ESifY tm&r®Pdu y&rw¬"r®wdkY y&rw¬"r®csif;
xyfro d jzifY tm½kaH ysmufomG ;ouJo Y Ykd jzpf\/ tm½krH ½Sad wmY/ tmumo
[if;vif;jyifom use½f o dS nfuo
kd m odaeawmY\/ tmumomeOöm,we
psmef&Ny-D [k qdEk ikd \
f /
9/ t½lypsmef&ol\ ÓPfokH;yg;
t½lypsmefyGm;olrSm yxr y&rw¬"r®wdkY\ tedpöç'ku©çtewå
vu©Pmjrif? 'kw,d -vu©Pm½Sif y&rw¬"r®awGukd rke;f ? aemufq;Hk wwd,
-y&rw¬ tm½k"H r®rsm; csKyq
f ;Hk ukeMf uí t½St
d jzpfrS qdwo
f Ok ;f aeMu\-
[k todÓPfo;Hk yg; ayguf\/
y&rw¬"r®w\ Ykd qdwof Ok ;f &m oknw"gwfoYkd qdu k \ f / xdo

k nk w"gwf
ü a,musmf ;? rd;f r? t&dyef rd wd yf [ Hk ef r½S/d tjzpftysuf r½S/d tqk;H tydik ;f
tjcm; r½S/d tNird ;f "gwfBu;D om ½S\ d /
tqk;H tydik ;f tjcm;r½Sd tNird ;f "gwftm½ku H kd odaeaompdwo f nf
vnf; tqkH;rJYteEÅ jzpf\/ bmrQr½Sdonfhtm½kHudk odaeonfhpdwfom
tNird ;f csr;f qk;H ? tcsr;f omqk;H [k rSwx f if\/ bmrQr½So d nft h m½ku
H kd odae
onfh bmudrk Qrodonfh vltjzpf a&mufomG ;onfuu kd m; olrod½adS y/
10/ vlokH;yg;
avmuokH;yg; ½Sd\/ umravmu? ½lyavmu? t½lyavmu-
[lí jzpf\/ avmutvdkuf vlvnf; okH;yg;½Sd\/ umrvl? ½lyvl?
t½lyvlwYkd jzpf\(ok;H vlU½Siyf if uRex Yf yd w
f if)/
(1) umrvl/ umrtm½kv H yI ½f mS ;rI t&nftaoG;awG
ESifY aysmfarGUaeol?
(2) ½lyvl/ ½kyt f m½krH sm;udk pdwu f ;l onm umr"gwf
t0ifrcHbJ ½kyt f wdik ;f omodí tNird ;f
"gwf wnfaqmufaeol?
(3) t½lyvl/ tm½kHt½SdrS r½SdtjzpfodkYajymif;í bmrQ
r½Sad omtodjzifY Nird ;f csr;f rIukd wnfaqmuf
aeol?
þodYk avmuDvo l m; ok;H yg;om ½S\ d / ,if;wdjYk yKro l nfh uHtvdu
k f
ok;H rsKd ;ok;H pm; jym;ae&\/
umrvlom;wGif raumif;rIymG ;í csr;f omuif;aeonfh tyg,f

om;rsm;ESiYf aumif;rIymG ;í pnf;pdrOf pöm ausmaf Zmudwdå t½Sed t
f 0gwdjYk zifY
awmufyaeMuonfh ewfa'0wmrsm;-[lí ESprf sKd ;ESppf m; ½S\ d /
½lyg½lyvlom;wGif ½kypf smefymG ;í r[*¾wtjzpfoYkd a&muf½adS eMu
onfh ½lyjA[®mrsm;ESifY ½kyfudky,fí emrfv[mjyifESifY bmrQr½Sdonfh
ew¬b
d m0 ynwftm½ku H okd o
d nfh todom½Sí
d r[*¾wtjzpfoYkd a&muf½dS
aeonfh t½lyjA[®m-[lí ESppf m;½S\ d /
xdok ;Hk yg;wdw
Yk iG f wpfpm;xufwpfpm; t&d,mtjzpfoYkd a&muf½MdS u
onfh ewfrsm;udk 0do'k ed¨ wf ac:í jA[®mrsm;udk ok'g¨ 0gojA[®mrsm;-[k
ac:Edkif\/
vlo;Hk pm;wdwYk iG f wpfpm;xufwpfpm; tqifjY rifMY u\/ tedrt Yf jrifY

uGmjcm;\/ t½lyvlom;um; tqift Y jrifqY ;Hk jzpf\/ tcsr;f omqk;H jzpf\/
tpGrJ ufq;Hk jzpf\/ Nird ;f at;oa,mif ½Sad omfvnf; wPSmOyg'geftpGJ
tjyif;xefq;Hk 0dbm0wPSmjzpfí xdw k PSmudyk ,fEikd &f ef tcufq;Hk jzpf\/
xdw
k PSmudk t&[wår*fEiS o Yf m y,fowfEikd \ f /
xdaYk Mumifv
Y nf; oHo&mopfiw k f ]0¥cgPku}jzpfí tjypftBu;D qk;H
vnf; jzpf\/
t½lybm0em yGm;olrsm;onf avmuBu;D udk ajymif;jyefjriforl sm;

jzpfMu\/ tjypfudk tjypfr[kwf? tjypfr[kwfonfudk tjypf-[k
odjrifMu\/
vlukd vl-[k todtrSwrf jyK/ vlEiS pYf yfí trSm;çtrSe?f taumif;ç
tqdk;? tusdK;çtjypf rpdppfEdkifawmY/ ig-r½Sd? ol-r½Sd? igçolESifYpyfí
udk,fçEIwfç ESvkH;qufqHrI trSm;trSef r½Sdí uHudk rod? uHtusdK;udk
rod?uH\taMumif;udk rod\/ þ udavomç uHç 0dygufw\ Ykd aMumif;usKd ;
qufí pufvnfaeykHudk rodoljzpfí? 0#f'ku©oHo&mü tNrJwrf;
vnfae&rnfo h l ed,wrdpmä 'd|-d oHo&mopfiw k f jzpfí tjypftBu;D qk;H
jzpf\-[k qd&k \/
xdaYk MumifY t½lybm0emonf tjypftemtqm rsm;aomaMumifY
twåuv d rxmEka,m* jzpfí y,ftyfaom tpGe;f w&m;wGif yg0if&\/
azmfjycJNY y;D aom ½lybm0emonfvnf; tjypftemtqm rsm;aomaMumifY
twåuv d rxmEka,m* jzpfí y,ftyfaom tpGe;f w&m;wGif yg0if&\/
½ly"r®EiS Yf t½ly"r®wo
Ykd nf umr"r®\ qefu
Y sizf ufrsm; jzpfMu\/
½ly"r®u umrudk Nird ;f ap\/ t½ly"r®u ½lyudk Nird ;f ap\/
11/ "gwfokH;yg;
umr"gwf? ½ly"gwf? t½ly"gwf? t½ly"gwf-[lí ok;H yg;jzpf\/
(1) umr"gwf
umr-[lonf ½kyfoufoufudk twdwfonm ponfwdkYjzifY
aygif;pyfMunfrh S ½ky-f ouf0ifvyI ½f mS ;vmum £|m½kçH ted|m½krH sm; jzpfvm
&\/ xd£ k |m½kçH ted|m½krH sm;udk umrtm½krH sm;-[k qd&k \/
(2) ½ly"gwf
½ly[lonf tm½kHudkawG;BuHrI 0dwuf? qifjcifokH;oyfrI 0dpm&?
pdwu f ;l rI trSwo f nmrsm;udk Nir§d ;f owfxm;aomtcg umr"gwfr0ifbJ
½kyo
f ufouftjzpfjzifo Y m Nird o f ufaeojzifY orx-[k qd&k \/ £|çted|
umr"gwf\ qefu Y sizf ufjzpf\/ umr\ tpGe;f wpfzuf jzpf\/
(3) t½ly"gwf
t½ly[lonf ½kyu f kd cGjJ crf;pdwjf zm ½Ijrifo;Hk oyfaomvkyif ef; jzpf\/
0dyóem-[k qdk&\/ ½kyfrsm;udk vIyf½Sm;vmatmif jyKvkyfEdkifonfh
umr"gwfEiS Yf ½kyo f bm0rsm;udk pdwjf zm½IMunfí h bmrQr½Sad tmifjyKjcif;
jzpf\/ ½kyEf iS w Yf uG ½kyu f okd od nfph w d u f ykd g pdwjf zmí tedpçö 'kuç© tewå
vu©Pmwifum tmumoaygufatmif ½IMunfjh cif; jzpf\/
t½ly"r®onf umr\rS&D m ½kyu f ykd g y,fojzifY umrudk tjrpfjyKwf
atmif okwo f ifrw I pfrsKd ; jzpf\-[k qd&k \/ ,if;vnf; umr\ tpGe;f
wpfzufjzpfyu Hk kd odEikd \ f /
pdwuf kd tm½kw H pfcw k nf;üom wnfxm;onfh orx? pdwu f ;l ESiYf
pdwuf ;l cHtm½krH sm;udk cGjJ crf;pdwjf zm vu©Pmwifqifjcifonfh 0dyóem
tjrifrsm;onf b0\ aumif;usKd ; qd;k jypfukd rodEikd o f jzifY b0tjrifrrYJ sm;?
b0'kur© sm; jzpfaponfh tusirYf sm;-[k qd&k \/
t½lytjrif½o dS w l u Ykd ½kyef mrfonf 'kuj© zpf\? vlonf ½kyef mrfwYkd

jzifY wnfaqmufxm;ojzifY 'ku©wkH;BuD; jzpf\? vlYb0jzifY csrf;omppf
edAmÁ efukd r&Edik ?f vlUb0tjyifbuf tjcm;wpfae&müom csr;f omtppf
edAmÁ ef½\
dS -[k ,lqMu\/
xdaYk MumifY tmumo? ew¬b d m0? oknw aumif;uifbpHk cef;ESiYf
tEkyg'daooedAmÁ efwu Ykd kd xlaxmifMu\/ tEkyg'daooedAmÁ ef-[lonf
udavomukeo f nfh &[EÅmt½Sijf rwfwYkd vGeo f nfth cgusrS a&muf½cdS pH m;
&rnfh ½kyef mrfcE¨mwdrYk ½So d nfh edAmÁ efbpHk cef; jzpf\/
þt,ltqonf Ak'b ¨ &k m;oQi\

f todpw d "f gwf trSwo
f nm½Sd
onfh þwpfvrH Q ud, k u
f m,üyif opömav;yg;½S\ d ? opömav;csuf wNyKd if
eufjzpfMu\-[laom "r®pufEiS Yf vGaJ csmo f jzifY txl;owdjyK&rnft h &m
jzpf\/
½lyg½lyorm;wdkYonf pdwåZorm;rsm; jzpfMu\/ bmrQr½Sdonfh
ae&mudk arQmfrSef;awmifYwaeMu\/ Ak'¨bk&m;oQifvnf; bk&m;tjzpf
ra&mufrD þtusifYrsm;udk aovkeD;yg; usifYcJY\/ yOö0*fwdkYvnf;
þtusirYf sm;udk yif usiaYf eMu\/
Ak'b
¨ &k m;oQi\ f &nf½, G cf suaf wmfrmS -
]A[kZe [dwm,? A[kZe okcg,? avmumEkurÜg,} jzpf\/
vltrsm; tpD;tyGg;jzpfz?Ykd vltrsm; csr;f omjzpfz?Ykd avmuBu;D udk "r®jzifY
apmifaY ½SmufEikd zf Ykd jzpf\/ bk&m;tavmif;awmfEiS Yf xdpk Ofu w&m;orm;wdYk
usifYyGm;aeMuonfrSm ½kyf½Iemrf½I(½lyg½ly) twåudvrxmEka,m*
tpGe;f w&m;rsm;jzpfaMumif; bk&m;jzpfrS odvm&\/
a½S;u umromvsif tpGe;f w&m;jzpfaMumif; odjrifMuí umru
vGeaf tmif w&m;usiMYf u\/ umruvGev f sif "r®oaYkd &mufrnf xifMu\/
"r®ou Ykd m; a&muf\/
xd"k r®um; ½lyg½ly"r® avmuD"r®rsm;om jzpfí psmefacsmuftwGi;f
uscg qif;&J'u k © a&mufaeMu&\/
avmukw&å m"r®ou Ykd m; ra&mufay/
xdaYk MumifY bk&m;oQiof nf yOö0*¾w D EYkd iS Yf awGUaomtcg tusirYf mS ;

onf a½S;uodco YJ vdk umrwpfcw k nf;om r[kw?f ESpcf jk zpfaMumif;-
]a'G ar bdu©a0 tEÅm yAÁZdawe eao0dwAÁm}
]w&m;usifYolrsm; tpGef;ESpfyg;udk rrSD0J&? a½Smif&rnf}-[lí
w&m;ponfEiS Yf a½S;OD;pGm xkwjf yvdu k o
f nf/
tpGe;f ESpyf g;qdo
k nfrmS rdpmä vrf;rSm;rsm; jzpf\/ rrS0D J ryGm;rsm;tyf
aomvrf;rsm; jzpf\/ umrwPSm? b0wPSm? 0db0wPSmrsm; udavom
tnpftaMu;rsm;jzifY pGef;ax;aeaomvrf;rsm; jzpfMu\/ vludk 'ku©
a&mufaprnfhvrf;rsm; jzpf\/ xdkYaMumifY xdktpGef;w&m;ESpfyg;udk
a½SmifMuOftyf\/
umrokcv’u d mEka,m*-umr*kPt f m½kaH emuf vdu k pf m;rI tpGe;f ESfY?i
twåudvrxmEka,m*- umr*kPftm½kHrsm;rS a0;atmif ½kyf½Iemrf½I
orx0dyóemrI tpGe;f /
xdkESpfrsdK;wGif umrokcv’dumEka,m* tusifYudkum; odvG,f

Mu\/ twåuv d rxmEka,m*tusiu Yf rkd l yOö0*¾w
D u
Ykd ,
kd w
f ikd f yGm;rsm;ae
aom w&m;rsm;jzpfí "r®pMuma'oemü bk&m;oQif tus,rf a[mawmY/
,cktcg twåuv d rxmEka,m*tusi\ Yf t&udk a&iky?f wk;H cke?f

rD;vIH? Z,fcwftusifYrsm;udkom odjrifaeMu\/ odkY&mwGif bk&m;oQif
yGifYxGef;rS ay:ayguf&onfh ]rZÑdry#dy'g}-ac: r*¾if½Spfyg;tusifYjrwf
avmukw&å mw&m;rSwyg; useaf vmutusiw Yf &m;tm;vk;H b0nI;d EGr;f
ajcmufcef;aponfh twåuv d rxmEka,m* tpGe;f w&m;odYk yg0ifMu&onf
udk od½EdS ikd yf gonf/
þrQjzifY "r®pMum\ed'gef; odtyfygNy/D
tcef;(3)
rZÑrd y#dy'g
12/ tv,fvrf;
bk&m;oQio f nf yOö0*¾w D t
Ykd m; tpGe;f w&m;ESpyf g;udk a[mawmfrNl y;D
aemuf tv,fvrf;rZÑrd y#dy'gudk qufa[m\/
]{aw acg bdua© 0 OabmtaEÅ tEky*¾r® rZÑrd my#dy'g
wxm*awe tbdorÁK'g¨ ?
pu©Ku&PD ÓPu&PD Oyorm, tbdnm, oarÁm"g,
edAmÁ em, oH0wåw/d }
]tpGe;f w&m;ESpyf g;uvGwo f nfh tv,ftvwfw&m;udk igbk&m;
xdk;xGif;odcJY\/ xdktv,ftvwfw&m;onf-
pu©Ku&PD- opömav;yg;udk jrifwwfaom ynmrsufpdudk
jyKwwf\/
ÓPu&PD- opömav;yg;udk ydik ;f jcm;a0zef {uefodjcif;udk
jyKwwf\/
rZÑrd my#dy'g- tv,fvrf;tusifYw&m;onf?
Oyorm,- udavomNidrf;jcif;iSm?
tbdnm,- opömav;yg;udk xl;aomÓPfjzifY odjcif;iSm?
oarÁm"g,- opömav;yg;udk xd;k xGi;f í odjcif;iSm?
edAÁmem,- edAÁmeftvdkYiSm?
oH0wåwd- jzpf\/
þtv,ftvwfvrf; rZÑdry#dy'gw&m;onf ynmrsufpdudk
yGiaYf p\/ Nird ;f at;zd?Yk todx;l &zd?Yk xd;k xGi;f odz?Ykd edAmÁ ef&zdYk jzpfap\/
rZÑrd y#dy'g tv,fvrf;w&m;onf t&d,mwd\ Yk vrf; jzpfonfh
r*¾i½f pS yf g;yif jzpf\/ r*¾i½f pS yf g;um;-
or®m'd|d- tpGef;vGwfjzifY tjrifrSef?
or®mouFyÜ- tpGe;f vGwjf zifY tawG;rSe?f
or®m0gpm- tpGe;f vGwjf zifY tajymrSe?f

or®mur®EÅ- tpGe;f vGwjf zifY tjyKreS ?f
or®mtmZD0- tpGe;f vGwjf zifY taerSe?f
or®m0g,mr- tpGe;f vGwjf zifY BuKd ;pm;rSe?f

or®mowd- tpGe;f vGwjf zifY Ed;k Mum;rSe?f
or®morm"d- tpGe;f vGwjf zifY pdwx f m;rSef wdjYk zpf\/
"r®pMuma'oem\ ud, k xf nfonf þr*¾i½f pS yf g;yif jzpf\/

tpGe;f w&m;ESpyf g;u ud,k xf nf\ ed'gef;? opömav;yg;w&m;u
ud,
k x
f nf\ tok;H 0ifyHk trTr;f wife*d ;Hk wdYk jzpf\/
"r® p Mumw&m;\vd k & if ; um; r*¾ i f ½ S p f y g;jzpf í r*¾ i f ½ S p f y g;

em;vnfvsif bk&m;oQi\f w&m;rSeo f rQ em;vnf oabmaygufEikd \ f /
bk&m;oQif \ w&m;rsm;pGm ½Sdaomfvnf; r*¾if½Spfyg; ykHay:atmif
azmfaqmifcsufrsm;om jzpf\/ xdkYaMumifY r*¾if½Spfcsuf todrSefatmif
apYapYpyfpyf avYvm&rnf jzpf\/
13/ vlvcl si;f wkjYH yefrI

r*¾i½f pS yf g;udMk unfv h sif ½d;k ½d;k om;om; tcsurf sm;udyk if awGU&rnf
jzpf\/ vlonf rdr0d ef;usi½f dS vlrsm;tay:ü tjrifçtawG;? tajymçtjyKç
tae? vkv YH ç owdçpdwx f m;rsm;udk jyKvyk \ f /
rdrdESifYpyfvmonfh ywf0ef;usif½Sd vlqdkonfh tm½kHudk tuJcwf
Munf½h ?I olt Y aMumif;awG;? vdv k sif vdo k vd?k rvdv
k sif rvdo k vdk ajymqd?k
jyKr?l aexdik rf rI sm;jzifY wkjYH yef\/ þwkjYH yefrt I ay: vkvYH ? owd? pdwx f m;rIrsm;
jyKvkyf\/
vl v l c sif ; wk H Y j yef & mü þtcsuf ½ S p f c suf r S w yg; tjcm;r½S d /
urÇmay:½Sd vlomrefreS o f rQ þtcsu½f pS cf sujf zifo Y m wkjYH yefMu\/
14/ wkjYH yefrI trSm;trSef

wkHjyefrIrSm;vsifvnf; þ½Spfcsuf? rSefvsifvnf; þ½Spfcsufyif
jzpf\/ þ½Spcf sut f jyifbufu rSm;olreS o f l r½S/d
[kwrf eS o f nfh tcsu½f pS cf suu f ]w&m;}-jzpfí?
r[kwrf eS o f nfh tcsu½f pS cf suu f ]rw&m;}-jzpf\/
[kwrf eS o f nfh tcsu½f pS cf su½f o dS o
l nf w&m;ol? w&m;½So d l jzpfí?
r[kwrf eS o
f nfh tcsu½f pS cf su½f o dS o l nf rw&m;ol? w&m;r½So d l jzpf\/
or®m'd|-d ponfh ½Spcf suo f nf ]w&m;]-jzpfí?
,if;qefYusifbufonf ]rw&m;}-jzpf\/
rd p ä m 'd | d ? rd p ä m ouF y Ü ? rd p ä m 0gpm? rd p ä m ur® E Å ? rd p ä m tmZD 0 ?
rdpmä 0g,mr?rdpmä owd? rdpmä orm"d-wdUk jzpf\/
or®m'd|-d paom ½Spcf suo f nf vlwaYkd qmif&rnfh ]w&m;}? rdpmä 'd|d
paom ½Spcf suo f nf vlwaYkd ½Smif&rnfh ]rw&m;} jzpf\/ vlwo Ykd nf aqmif
&rnfh w&m;"r®ukd aqmifí? a½Smif&rnfh rw&m;"r®ukd a½Smif&rnf jzpf\/
rSm;aomtjrifçtawG;-ponfwdkYonf tpGef;a&mufonfh 'ku©
w&m;wdkYjzpfí? rSefaomtjriftawG; ponfhw&m;wdkYum; tpGef;vGwf
'kuN© ird ;f onfh w&m;wdYk jzpf\/
15/ or®m'd|d tpGe;f vGwaf om tjrifreS f

or®m'd|-d tjrifreS [ f o l nf ]tpGe;f vGwt f jrif} jzpf\/
umrokcv’u d mEka,m*ESiYf twåuv d rxmEka,m* tusiw Yf uYkd kd
qif;&J'ku©-[kjrifaom tjrifjzpf\/ 'ku©-udk 'ku©-[k trSSeftwdkif;jrif
aom tjrifjzpf\/ rdpäm'd|dtjrifurl þtpGef;a&muf tusifYrsm;udk
csr;f om-[k vGrJ mS ;pGmjrifaom tjrifjzpf\/
tpGef;uyfonfh tjrifrsm;onf qif;&JtrSefudk csrf;omonf-
[kjrifaom tjrifrsm;jzpfonf/ xdpk um;rSerf rSef ppfMunf&h ef vdo k nf/
umrorm;u umrokcudk pGNJ io d nf/ ½lyg½lyorm;rsm;uvnf;
½lyg½lycsr;f om psmeokcudk pGNJ iad eMuonf/ xdo k El pS Of ;D vk;H qif;&Jukd csr;f om
xifaeMuonfh rdpmä tjrif½o dS rl sm; jzpfonf/ tjrifreS ½f o dS u
l avmuDock
jzpfonfh umrokc? psmeokcrsm;udk b0qif;&Jrsm;jzpfí 'ku-© [k jrifonf/
16/ qif;&JtppftrSef
qif;&JEpS rf sKd ; ½S\
d / cHpm;rIa0'emqif;&JEiS Yf b0jzpfymG ;rI oHo&m
qif;&JwYkd jzpf\/ tjrifreS ½f o dS u
l rjywfjyKvyk af e&onfh oHo&m0#fqif;&J
udk jrif\/
umrNird EI iS Yf umrrxdatmifa½SmifrI ESprf sKd ;vk;H rSmyif cHpm;rIa0'em
t& csr;f omokcrsm; ½SMd u\/ od&Yk mwGif xdck sr;f omrsm;onf pGv J rf;rIpw
d Zå
½Sdolrsm;\ txifrQomjzpfí? pGJvrf;rIpdwåZuif;ol t&d,mwdkYtjrifü
qif;&J'u k r© sm;om jzpf\/
a0'emcHpm;rIqif;&Juu kd m; vlwikd ;f odí b0qif;&Jurkd l vlwikd ;f

rodrjrifEdkifay/
b0-[lonf arG;aotwGi;f wnf½o dS nfh vlt
Y jzpf-[k trsm;odMu
aomfvnf; pifppf tpGJjzifY vlwdkYjyKvkyfonfh aumif;qdk;ESpfwef ur®?
tbdocFg&rsm;om jzpfaMumif; y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'fa'oemawmft& od½&dS \/
vlukd ]b0}-,lu vlb Y 0tajccH ½kyef mrfrsm;udk 'ku-© [k rSwx f if
wwf\/ ]vlvyI ½f mS ;rI trIur®}-rsm;udk ]b0}-,lrS toufxif½mS ; ½Spd OfrmS
yif b0ajymif;atmif vkyEf ikd \ f / vlaumif;rS vlq;kd ? vlq;kd rS vlaumif;
jzpfomG ;ykrH sm;udk ocFe;f pm ,lEikd \
f /
]ur® oawå0b d ZÆw}d -a'oemESiv Yf nf; avsmn f \D /
xdkYaMumifY ]b0}-t&udk vl\ vGefusL;onfh udk,fçEIwfçESvkH;?

um,uHç0pDuçH raemuH trIrsm;omjzpfaMumif; rSw, f El ikd yf gap/
]b0}-t& vl\ ud, k çf EIwçf ESv;Hk vGeu
f sL;rIurH sm; jzpfí?
]b0qif;&J}-t& xdu k rH sm;ESiYf uH\tusKd ;0dygufrsm;?
xduk \H taMumif; udavomwdYk pufvnfí jzpfymG ;aerI oHo&m
0#f'ku© jzpf\/ Oyg'geu©E¨mrsm;[k qdk&\/ xdkOyg'geu©E¨mrsm;udk
]0ef
x k
yf0ef
y dk;(b m&)}-ac:í x d
0 ef
k u d
kv l
u x r f;aq mif
& o jzif
Yyif
yef
;
q i f;&J
v S
\ /0 e f
x r f;o rm;o n f0ef
ydo jzif
Yv G
w f
v yf
rIr &?Ni d
r f;at ;rI
r½S
o u J
d o d
Y k
Yjz pf
\ /
u mrb 0? ½l
y b 0? t ½l
y b 0o rm;w d
o n frd
Y
k rdw d
\
Y
k b 0q if;&J
u d
rj
k r if
M
u / rd
rdw d
a t mu f
Y
k u b 0rsm;u d
o m q if;&J
k [ kj
r if
M
u \ / t rS
efrS
m rl
b 0t m;v kH; q if;&J
w kH;csn f;o m jzpf
\ /
o r®
m'd
|d-t pG
e f;v G
w f
a o m t jrif
rSef
o n fb 0t m;v kH;u d
kq if;&J
-
[ k
j
r if
a o m t jrif
o m jzpf
\ /
17/ tjrifo;Hk ck? t½So
d ;Hk yg;? opömok;H vD
tjrif o nf umrok c v’ d u tjrif ? twå u d v rxtjrif ?
rZÑrd y#dy'gtjrif-[k ok;H rsKd ;½S\
d /
t½So d nfvnf; ok;H rsKd ;½S\d / tpk½?dS tpdw½f ?dS trI½-dS wdYk jzpf\/
trSefopömonfvnf; okH;rsdK;½Sd\/ orkwdopöm? y&rw¬opöm?
t&d,opöm-wdYk jzpf\/
umrokcv’u d tjrifEiS Yf tpk½?dS orkwo d pömwdYk t&wl\/
twåuv d rxtjrifEiS Yf tpdw½f ?dS y&rw¬opömwdYk t&wlMu\/
rZÑrd y#dy'gtjrifEiS Yf trI½?dS t&d,opömwdYk t&wlMu\/
y&rw¬opömonf tajccHt½Sd trnf? tpdw½f dS jzpf\/

orkwo
d pömonf tajccHtpdwwf Ykd pka0;wnf½rdS \
I trnf? tpk½dS
jzpf\/
t&d,opömonf tpdw½f v dS nf; r[kw?f tpk½v
dS nf; r[kw?f tpk
orkwo
d pöm\ ]vIy½f mS ;rI t&nftaoG;}? trI½dS jzpf\/
opömok;H yg; jym;&jcif;onf tjrifo;Hk pm; jcm;aeí jzpf\/
tpk½u
dS kd umrokcv’u d mEka,m* tpGe;f orm;u jrif\/
tpdw½f u dS kd twåuv d rxmEka,m* tpGe;f orm;u jrif\/
trI½udS rkd l rZÑrd y#dy'g tv,fvrf;orm;u jrif\/
umrokcv’u
d orm;u tpkjrifjzpfí? taumifjrifç j'yf0w¬Kjrif
jzpf\/
½lytwåuv
d rxorm;u taumifj'yf0w¬Krsm;udk cGjJ crf;pdwjf zm
Munfí
h taumifj'yf0w¬Kr½Sd tpdwt
f pdwrf sm;om ½S\
d [kjrifí?
t½lytwåuv d rxorm;u taumifj'yf0w¬K[o l nf txif

om½Sd\? bmrQr½Sd? tpdwftpdwf[lonfvnf; bmrQ½Sdonfr[kwf[k
jrif\/
rZÑrd y#dy'gorm; or®m'd|t d v,fvrf;tjrif½o dS u

l tpkuv kd nf;
rMunf?h tpdw d u f v kd nf; rMunf?h trIuo kd mMunho f l jzpf\/ tv,fvrf;
or®m'd|t d jrif½o dS o l nf w&m;ol? w&m;½So d l jzpf\/
tpdwjf rifoo l nf w&m;çrw&m; cGjJ cm;rod/ "r®w\ Ykd obm0twdik ;f
jzpfysuaf erIuo kd m od\/ obm0jzpfysuu f kd od½rHk QjzifY w&m;odo-l [k
rqdEk idk /f tusKd ;vnf;rrsm;? yGm;&rnfw h &m;vnf; r[kw/f
yGm;&rnfw h &m;um; ]r*¾i½f pS yf g;}om wnf;/
tpdwftjrif½Sdolonf a&çajrçawmçawmif vlçwd&pämefponfh

j'yf0w¬Krsm;udk jrif\/ ,if;j'yf0w¬Krsm;üvnf; w&m;çrw&m; r½Sd?
xdaYk MumifY tpdwjf rif? tpkjrifrsm;ü w&m;çrw&m; r½S/d
trItjrifu aumif;-raumif; ESprf sKd ;jrif\/ raumif;rIukd y,fí

aumif;rIukd aqmifxm;Edik \f / vlukd raumif;rIrS aumif;rIoaYkd &mufatmif
ajymif;vJEikd af omtjrif jzpf\/
or®mr*¾if½SpfcsufwGif or®m'd|dtrIjrifonf a½SUqkH;ujzpfí

w&m;rkcOf ;D jzpf\/ rkcOf ;D wnfaY tmif 0ifEikd v
f sif vrf;ajzmifNY y?D uset
f csuf
rsm; rcufawmYNy/D
18/ or®mouFyÜ tpGe;f vGwaf om tawG;rSef
or®mouFyu Ü kd or®m'd|u
d OD;aqmifae\/
'kuu
© kd 'ku-© [kjrifro
I nf or®m'd|d jzpf\/ þtjrifonf umv?
Xme? ya,m*ra½G; 'ku©trSefjzpf\-[k odjrifrIonf ynm0ifonfh
tawG;rSef jzpf\/ jrifonft h wdik ;f ajymqd?k vkyu
f ikd ?f aexdik Ef ikd af tmif
pdwu
f ;l awG;awmrIonf or®mouFyÜ jzpf\/
or®m'd|dESifY or®mouFyÜonf ynmu©E¨r*¾if? ynmtpk0ifr*¾if

jzpf\/ um,ç0pDçraemwdu Yk kd wnfrh wfreS u
f efaeatmif (0g) oDvjynfNh zKd ;
pifMu,faeatmif ynmr*¾ifu axmufyHhay;\? aq;aMumay;\/
or®m0gpm? or®mur®E?Å or®mtmZD0-þr*¾io f ;Hk yg;u oDvu©E¨
r*¾if? oDvtpk0ifr*¾if jzpf\/ ynmu©E¨r*¾ifudk jynfhNzdK;aeatmif?
pifMu,faeatmif oDvr*¾ifu wjyefpD oGef;avmif;axmufyHhay;\?
aq;aMumoefYpifay;\/
or®m0g,mr? or®mowd? or®morm"d-þr*¾io f ;Hk yg;u orm"duE© ¨
r*¾if orm"dtpk0ifr*¾if jzpf\/
19/ or®m0gpm tpGe;f vGwaf omtajymrSef

vltcsi;f csi;f qufq&H mü ajymonfh aumif;aompum;? rvGeu f sL;
aompum;onf or®m0gpm rnf\/ tjrifrmS ;? tawG;rSm;jzifY ajymaom
pum;? umrokcv’u d ç twåuv d rx tpGe;f a&muf tjriftawG;rsm;jzifY
ajymaompum;rsm;onf vGeu f sL;aompum;rsm; (0g) tpGe;f rvGwaf om
pum;rsm; jzpf\/
vdrv f n
S ahf jymjcif;? uke;f wdu
k af jymjcif;? qJqakd jymjcif;? twif;tzsi;f
ajymjcif;wdo Yk nf raumif;aompum;rsm; jzpf\/ xdt k *Fgav;yg;rS vGwf
aom pum;onf aumif;aompum; jzpf\/ aumif;í tpGe;f vGwaf om
pum;onf or®m0gpmrnf\/ aumif;aomfvnf; tpGe;f wpfcck ük a&muf
aevsif or®m0gpm rjzpf/
or®m0gpmjzpf&eftwGuf t*Fgok;H csuf vdt k yf\/
(1) vlcsif;ajymonfhpum;?
(2) aumif;onfhpum;?
(3) rusL;vGeaf ompum;wdYk jzpf&\/
aumif;aompum;ajym½krH QjzifY or®m0gpm rjzpf/ tpGe;f ESpyf g;vGwrf S
or® m 0gpm jzpf \ / EI w f y d w f a &ik H a e½k H j zif Y v nf ; or® m 0gpmrjzpf /
tpGe;f ESpyf g;um; udavom tyya,m*rsm; jzpfMu\/
20/ or®mur®EÅ tpGe;f vGwaf om tjyKreS f

vltcsi;f csi;f tay:ü jyKonfh aumif;aomtrI? rvGeu f sL;aom
trIonf or®mur®EÅ rnf\/ or®mur®EjÅ zpf&ef t*Fgok;H csuv f t kd yf\/
(1) owfjzwfn§Of;qJrI?
(2) cdk;,lvk,ufrI?
(3) tm½ku H sL;rIwrYkd S a½SmifMuOfrI jzpf\/
aumif;onft h rI rSeof rQ or®mur®EÅ rrnf/ tpGrJ 0if ÓPfEiS Yf
,SOíf jyKrS or®mur®EÅ rnf\/ vl½akd o½Si½f akd o Mum;aumif;Munfah umif;
jyKonfh aumif;rIrsm;? aemifb0twGufjyKonfh aumif;rIrsm;?onf
tpG"J avYEiS ,
Yf OS í
f jyKonfh trIrsm; jzpfí or®mur®EpÅ m&if; r0ifEikd /f
tpGef;a&muftrIrsm;om jzpf\/ tpGef;ruyfonfh trIrSomvsif
or®mur®EÅjzpf\/
21/ or®mtmZD0 tpGe;f vGwo f nfh taerSef
]tmZD0}-udk toufarG;rI-[k jrefrmjyefMu\/
vlvcl si;f qufq&H mü ormonfh rsuEf mS taetxm;? ud, k v
f uf
[efyefrsm;udk or®mtmZd0-[k qd&k \/ usL;vGerf I
uif;í aumif;rGe½f iS of efaeonfh trlt&mrsm; jzpf\/
(1) pdwq f ;kd Asmyg'?
(2) pdwfqm tbdZÑm?
(3) tjrifvJG rdpmä 'd|?d raemuHq;kd ok;H yg;pifonfh rsuEf mS
taetxm; jzpf\/
raemuHqdk;okH;yg; azmufjym;aeol\ udk,fvuf[efyef tae

txm;rSm rsufESmausmwif;jcif;? cufxefjcif;? £ajEýsufjcif;? r½Sifoef
jcif;wdYk jzpf\/ tpGe;f vGwpf mG raemuHq;kd ok;H yg; z,f½mS ;Edik v
f sif awmfwnfh
rSeu
f efonfh ykrH eS t
f aetxm;odYk a&muf½EdS ikd \ f /
r*¾i½f pS yf g;onf yGm;rsm;&rnfh bma0wAÁupd ö ½S\ d / yGm;rsm;&rnfh

w&m;wdu Yk m;- oDv? orm"d?ynm-wdYk jzpf\/
oDvbm0em? orm"dbm0em? ynmbm0em[lí qd&k \/
,aeYwGif orm"d? ynmudkom yGm;rsm;&rnfhw&m;[k rSwfxif
Mu\/ oDvudrk l bm0empm&if;wGif roGi;f csiMf uay/
oDvbm0emok;H yg;um; or®m0gpm? or®mur®E?Å or®mtmZD0wdYk
jzpf\/ oDv\oabmum; ausmufw;Hk ausmufwikd u f o YJ Ykd ra½GUr,dik af tmif
cdik rf wfpmG wnfaqmufxm;rI jzpf\/ 0gpm? ur®E?Å tmZD0wdu Yk kd rSeu
f ef
wnfhrwfonfh or®moabmrS rSm;,Gif;acsmfcRwfonfh rdpämoabmodkY
ra&mufatmif wnfaqmufxm;rI jzpf\/ ],xdEc´ v D oyÜK&o d "r®} jzpf\/
yOö*o F v D ? t|*Fov D ? 0de,oDvrsm;um; umv? Xme?ya,m*

tvdu
k f NrcJ ikd &f rnf jzpf\? bm0emoDv r[kwaf y/
bm0emoDvjzpfonfh r*¾if½Spfyg;0if or®m0gpm? or®mur®EÅ?

or®mtmZD0 oDvrsm;um; r*fzv kd ef Ad mÁ efta&muf ydaYk qmifEikd o
f nfh oDv
jzpfí rnfonfhtcgrQ rysuf&? ed,woDvjzpfatmif BudK;yrf;&\/
ud,
k Ef iS rYf uGm aqmifxm;&rnfh Moyae,su d "r® jzpf\/
22/ or®m0g,mr tpGe;f vGwo f nfh BuKd ;pm;rSef

BuKd ;pm;rSe-f [lonf t½d;k aus? ta&cef;? rem;wrf; BuKd ;pm;rIrsKd ;
r[kw?f 0gpmç ur®EçÅ tmZD0 oDvr*¾irf sm;-
ysuv f sif jyif?
rysuv f sif rysuaf tmif apmifaY ½Smuf?
r½Sad o;vsif ½Sad tmifvyk ?f
½SNd y;D om; yGm;atmifvyk -f [lonfh or®y"Ü gefw&m;av;yg; jzpf\/
pmoabmajym&vsif-
(1) OyÜEmé eH ygyumeH y[mem, 0g,marm/
(2) tEkyEÜ mé eH ygyumeH tEkygÜ 'g, 0g,marm?
(3) tEkyEÜ mé eH umovmeH OyÜg'g, 0g,marm?
(4) OyÜEmé eH ukovmeH bda,smbm0g, 0g,marm-[k ajym&\/
oDvr*¾irf sm; ysuv

f sif jyifqifzmax;&\/ tvm;wl tukov kd f
rsm; aemifrjzpfyGm;atmif aqmufwnfrIudkyif or®m0g,mr[k qdk\/
or®0g,mr av;csu½f aSd omfvnf; wpfcsut f m;xkwv
f sif av;csuv
f ;Hk
jynfph NHk y;D jzpf\/
or®m0g,mrt*FgokH;csuf-
(1) vltcsi;f csi;f qufqrH q I ikd &f m BuKd ;pm;rI jzpfjcif;?
(2) BuKd ;pm;rIav;rsKd ; wpfrsKd ;rsKd ; jzpfjcif;?
(3) vGeu f sL;rIrygonfh BuKd ;pm;rIjzpfjcif;wdYk jzpf\/
vlvlcsif;qufqH&mü udk,fçEIwfpdwf rsufESmtrlt&mwdkYjzifY

qufqMH u&m umrpGe;f ? twåuv d rxpGe;f rsm;onf vGeu f sL;csurf sm;jzpfí
or®m0g,mr rjzpf/ tpGef;vGwfonfh qufqHrIrsm;om or®m0g,mr
jzpf\/ þr*¾iof nf vlukd ud,k çf EIwçf ESv;Hk trSm;uif;í ,Ofaus;vdrm®
atmif tm;xkw&f onfh r*¾ijf zpfaMumif; aumif;aumif; odtyf\/
23/ or®mowd tpGe;f vGwo f nfh Ed;k Mum;rSef

atmufarYowd&rIrSeforQ or®mowd-[k rqdk&? rdrdü pdwfqdk;
pdwq
f m tbdZÑmçAsmyg' 0ifvmrIukd owd&apmifMY unfrh o I m or®mowd-
[k qd&k \/ raemuHazmufjym;rIukd owdxm;rI jzpf\/ tpGe;f ESpyf g; ruyf
onfh owdomvsif ormowd rnf\/
or®mowdü t*Fgok;H csuf ½S\ d /
(1) vlcsi;f csi;f qufq&H mü owdxm;jcif;?
(2) tbdZÑmESiYf Asmyg'udk owdxm;jcif;?
(3) tpGe;f ESpyf g; vGw&f mü owdxm;jcif;wdYk jzpf\/
vlcsi;f csi;f qufq&H mü pdwqf ;kd pdwq

f muom vlukd 'kua© y;Edik f
jcif;aMumifY tbdZÑmçAsmyg' apmifMY unfo
h wdxm;rIuo kd m or®mowd-t&
aumuf,&l jcif; jzpf\/
owdy|meoH,kwf ygVdawmfü um,? a0'em? pdwå? "r®wdkYudk

½IrSwfyGm;&m0,f-
]tmwmyD orÜ Z maem owd r m 0d a e,savmau tbd Z Ñm
a'greóH}-[laom raemuHukd y,fazsmuf&zdYk jzpf\/
]tmwmyD orÜZmaem owdrm}-jzifY 'kut © &d,opöm ydik ;f jcm;odyHk
udk jyí? ]0dae,savmau tbdZÑm a'greóH}-jzifY 'kuo © rk',t&d,
opöm y,fyu Hk kd jy\/
oH,kwfygVdawmfvm owdy|meokwfaygif; (104)okwfteuf
(98)okww f iG f ]tmwmyD orÜZmaem owdrm 0dae,savmau tbdZÑm
a'greóH}-[k wpfow H nf; xGu\f /
þa'oemawmfrsm;t& um,uH? 0pDu?H raemuH-[lonfh uH-
okH;yg; azmufjyefrI'ku©? Oyg'geu©E¨m'ku©? y#dpöorkyÜg'oHo&m 0#f'ku©
½Iuu G rf sm; ay:xGuv f mrnf jzpf\/
24/ or®morm"d tpGe;f vGwo f nfh pdwxf m;rSef

vlcsi;f csi;f qufq&H mü rNrçJ qif;&Jçtpd;k r&-[k trSejf rifaeonfh
pdwfxm;onf or®morm"d pdwfxm;rSefjzpf\/ tpGef;ESpfyg;vGwfonfh
pdwx f m; jzpf\/
or®morm"d pdwx f m;rSeüf t*Fgok;H csuf ½S\d /
(1) vltcsif;csif; qufqHrIpdwfxm;/
(2) tedpçö 'kuç© tewåjrif pdwx f m;/
(3) tpGef;vGwfpdwfxm;wdkY jzpf\/
rSeof nfph w
d xf m;onf rSm;,Gi;f rI\ tjypftemtqmudk ½IMunfí h
ocFef;pm,lonfhpdwfxm; jzpf\/ ysufpD;rI? qif;&JrI? tpdk;r&rIrsm;udk
pl;pdkufqifjcifaerI jzpf\/ tedpö? 'ku©? tewå vu©Pma&;okH;yg;udk
txyfxyf½IyGm;onfh vu©PlyedZÑmepsmef rnf\/ avmukwå&mpsmef
ac:\/ ur®|mef;av;q,f tm½ku
H kd ½IymG ;onfh avmuDpsmef tm&r®Pyl
edZÑmepsmef r[kw/f
vu©PlyedZÑmepsmef yGm;zefrsm;vsif tbdnm,? oarÁm"g,?

edAÁmem,ESifYtnD a½SUjzpfa[mif; atmufarYEdkifrI ykaAÁed0gomEkówd
tbdnmOf? uHEiS Yf uH\tusKd ;0dygufwYkd qufo, G yf u
Hk kd ewfrsupf t
d vm;
xif½mS ;pGm odjrifEikd rf I 'dApÁ u©KtbdnmOf? tem*wfb0awmifw Y rI tmom
rsm; ukeq f ;Hk rI tmoGu, © tbdnmOf? ÓPfo;Hk yg;ayguf\(yk-'d-tm)/
pifppfrmS udavom0#f? ur®0#f? 0dygu0#f[o l nfh 0#fo;Hk yg;udk

tyDtjyif odjrifomG ;rI jzpf\/
oHo&m0#fjrpf\ ykAÁtpjzpfonfh t0dZÆmç wPSmudavomudk
odjrifaomÓPfonf ykaAÁe0d goÓPf/
owå0gwdYk rdrw d jYkd yKonfh ur®tavsmuf okcç'ku&© MuykH odjrifaom
ÓPfonf 'dApÁ u©KÓPf?
uH\tusdK; 0dygufcE¨m 0dygu0#fü tmomuif;jywfonfudk
odjrifaomÓPfonf tmoGu©,ÓPf/
(cDPmZmwd 0kow d H jA[®p&d,u H wH u&PD,)H -wdYk jzpf\/
r*¾i½f pS yf g;yGm;oltm; r*¾i½f pS cf suw f Ykd twlwuG wNyKd ief uf jzpfMu
\/ wpfcpk jD zpfonf r[kw/f oDv?orm"d?ynmwdv Yk nf; wpfyg;pD yGm;ae&
onfr[kwf/ wkwf½Spfacsmif;udk pkaygif;axmifxm;&mü wpfacsmif;ESifY
wpfacsmif; rSíD jzpfae&ouJo Y Ykd jzpf\/
r*¾i½f pS cf suo
f nf vlrq I ufqaH &;ü tNrw J rf;yg0if\/ od&Yk mwGif
or® m orÁ K '¨ b k & m;oQif yG i f Y x G e f ; rS ]or® m }-trS e f [ l a om tok H ; ud k
azmfxwk cf \
YJ / or®m=trSew f &m;ud?k oH=ud, k w f ikd ?f Ak'=¨ odjrifol bk&m;oQif
onf rdrd\ om0uwdkYtm;vnf; trSefw&m;udk udk,fwdkifod½SdEdkif&ef
or®m'd|pd aom tv,fvrf;w&m;udk a[mnTecf \ YJ /
bk&m;oQiu f m; tv,fvrf;udk azmfxw k o

f l acgif;aqmifjzpfí?
om0uwdkYu xdktv,fvrf;twdkif; avQmufvSrf;ol aemufvdkufrsm;
jzpfMu\/
bk&m;oQiaf zmfxw k cf o
YJ nfh tv,fvrf;r*¾onf oE´|d u d -paom
w&m;*kPaf wmfajcmufyg;ESiYf jynfph \ Hk / rsuaf rSmufü trSe½f í dS ud,k w
f ikd f
odjrifEikd o
f nfw h &m; jzpf\/ ud, k w
f ikd rf odEikd o
f nfh rsuu f ,
G w f &m; r[kw/f
bk&m;oQi\ f tv,fvrf;r*¾ukd xif½mS ;ap&ef ESpcf ak om tpGe;f
vrf;rsm;jzifY abmifcwfxm;\/ umrokcv’u d -[lonfh umrtpGe;f vrf;
ESiYf twåuv d rx-[lonfh psmetpGe;f vrf;rsm; jzpf\/
bk&m;oQif\ tv,fvrf;r*¾udk vltrsm; tav;
teuf rxm;Mu/ psmew&m;rsm;udo k m tyifyef;
cHí usi&Yf ojzifY wefz;kd xm;Mu\/
bk&m;oQi\ f tv,fvrf;r*¾EiS Yf a½S;ola[mif;wd\ Yk ½lyg½lypsme
w&m;wdkYum; wefzdk;jcif; uGmjcm;vS\/ rZÑdry#dy'g tv,fvrf;r*¾\
wefzdk;rSefudk "r®pMuma'oemü ]pu©Ku&PD ÓPu&PD Oyorm,
tbdnm, oarÁm"g, edAmÁ em, oH0wåw}d -[kvnf;aumif;?
½lyg½lypsme"r®udk tpGef;w&m; twåudvrxwGif ]'kau©m
te&da,m tew¬o[ H ad wm}-[kvnf;aumif; azmfjycJNY y;D jzpf\/
25/ tv,fvrf; rZÑrd y#dy'g\ pGr;f &nfowåd
bk&m;oQif\ tv,fvrf;w&m;onf yGm;rsm;xdkufonfh trSef
w&m; jzpf\/ yGm;vsif 'kuu © kd 'ku-© [k trSeo f v d mEdik \
f /
'ku-© onfvnf; tvdv k jkd zpfvmonfw h &m; r[kw/f
tpGt J Nird sm;aMumifY 'ku© jzpfay:&\/
tpGtJ Ni[ d m y,f&rnft h &m [k odjrifvm\/
'kuj© zpfaMumif; tpGt J Niud ykd ,fvsif 'kur© jzpfrmS aocsm\/ 'ku©
rjzpf&m 'kuN© ird ;f &monf qdu k af &muf&rnfyh ef;wdik f jzpf\/ þodYk tv,f
vrf;udk odoo l nf ud, k xYf u
G af ygufukd ud, k wf ikd of o
d l jzpf\/
þrQtxdoo d o l nf oabmw&m; od½rHk Qom ½Sad o;\/ bmrQ
rYgm;&o;? rusifYao;/ odkYaomf opömw&m;udk em;vnfol? 'óeblrd
ajccsNy;D ol-[k qd&k \/
pmvdkajymvsif-
]£ro®ð owd £'Ha[mwd]-
þtaMumif; ½Sí d þtusKd ; jzpf\/
]£ró OyÜg'g £'HOyÜZw Æ }d -
þtaMumif; jzpfí? þ tusKd ; jzpf\/ (tjzpfw&m;)
]£ro®ð towd £'H e a[mwd}-
þtaMumif; r½Sad omf? þtusKd ;r½S/d
]£ró eda&m"g £'H ed½kZÑwd}
þtaMumif;Nidrf;aomf þtusdK;Nidrf;\/
(tysufw&m;? tcsKyfw&m;)
],HuOd dö ork',"r®H oAÁH wH eda&m""r®}H -[k ork', taMumif;
w&m; rSeo f rQ csKyq f ;Hk atmif y,fowfEikd \ f -[k oabmw&m; odomG ;ol
jzpf\/
tv,fvrf;w&m;um; þrQprG ;f &nfowåd ½S\ d /

oDvu©Er¨ *¾iEf iS Yf ynmr*¾iw
f oYkd nf ajcESpzf ufEiS Yf wl\/ ajcESpf
zufü ½TUH nTeaf yvsif wpfzufEiS wYf pfzuf tjyeftvSef yGwo f yfaq;ausm
&ouJoY Ykd oDvESiyYf nmwdYk tcsi;f csi;f pifMu,fatmif jyKEikd \ f /
oDvonf orm"dçynmwd\ Yk wnf&m ajrvTmblrd jzpf\/ orm"dç

ynmwdkY\ &yfwnf&majronf oDvjzpf\/ oDv ta&mif ajymifvuf
atmif orm"dEiS yYf nmwdu
Yk 0ef;&Hwnfaqmuf ay;&\/
xdaYk MumifY tv,fvrf;w&m;ü tajccHw&m;onf ]oDv}-jzpf\/
orm"dçynmwdu Yk tajccHtxnfukd trTr;f wifay;onfh t&mom jzpf\/
vlrq I ufqaH &;e,fü ud,

k çf EIwçf ESv;Hk ok;H yg;rygbJ bmrSvyk í
f r&?
xdaYk MumifY r*¾it
f ajccHonf or®m0gpm? or®mur®E?Å or®mtmZD0-[lonfh
oDvu©Er¨ *¾irf sm;om jzpf\/
26/ oDvu pusi&Yf rnf

pum;ajymrS pum;\trSm;trSef 'kuj© zpfrnfph um;? 'kuN© ird ;f rnfh
pum;-[k cGjJ cm;odrnf]h ynm} 0ifEikd \
f / pum;oHrxGub f J trSm;trSef
tusdK;tjypf rppdppfEdkif/ xdkYaMumifY oDvupí orm"d? ynmwdkYu
aemufu vdu k &f \/ oDvu pusi&Yf rnf-[k qdv k \
kd /
vlwiG f qif;&JEiS cYf sr;f om ESprf sKd ;om ½S\ d / rormonfh ud, k çf EIwçf
ESv;Hk ½Sv
d sif qif;&Jí? ormonfh ud, k çf EIwçf ESv;Hk ½Sv
d sif csr;f omrnf/
csr;f omzd&Yk ef ]or®m}onfh ud, k çf EIwçf ESv;Hk jzpfonfh or®m0gpm? or®m
ur®E?Å or®mtmZD0 oDvr*¾iw f u
Ykd kd pusi&Yf rnf jzpf\/
þr*¾if½Spfyg;onf Nidrf;at;&m edAÁmefodkYa&muf&mvrf; jzpfí
]t&d,r*¾}-[kqdk&\/
vrf;(r*¾)ok;H oG,f ½S\
d -
(1) umrokcv’u d -u atmufvrf;? tpkMunf/h
(2) t&d,r*¾-u tv,fvrf;? trIMunf/h
(3) twåurd x-u txufvrf;? tpdwMf unf-h wdYk jzpf\/
t&d,r*¾-[lonfh tv,fvrf;avQmufro S m Nird ;f at;&medAmÁ efoYkd
{uefa&mufEikd af Mumif; odtyf\/
tcef;(4)
opömav;yg;
27/ t&d,opömav;yg;
yOö0*¾DwdkYtm; tv,fvrf;r*¾if½Spfyg; a[mMum;NyD;aemuf r*¾if
½Spfyg; yGm;rsm;jcif;\ tusdK;w&m;tjzpf ]opömav;yg;}-udk qufvuf
a[mMum;awmfrl\/
r*¾if½Spfyg; yGm;olonf 'ku©qif;&Judk ydkif;ydkif;jcm;jcm; odEdkif\/
'kuu © kd ydik ;f jcm;odvsif 'kuj© zpfaMumif; um,uHrmS ;? 0pDurH mS ;? raemuHrmS ;
tusirYf mS ;í om,maerI ]ork',}udk y,fEikd \ f / 'kuE© iS Yf 'kuj© zpfaMumif;
trSm;wdrYk S vGwNf ird ;f \-[k a[mawmfr\ l /
þr*¾if½Spfyg; tusifYw&m;onf rdrd toufxif½Sm;½SdpOfrSmyif

vlopfpdwfopf jzpfay:ajymif;vJapEdkifaomw&m; jzpf\-[k odap&ef
opömav;csujf zifY ed*;Hk tkyx
f m;jcif; jzpf\/
t&d,mwdt Yk odü t½Sad v;rsKd ; owfrw

S xf m;\-
(1) 'ku©?
(2) 'ku©jzpfaMumif; ork',?
(3) 'kuc© sKy&f m eda&m"?
(4) 'kuc© sKy&f m a&mufaMumif;tusiYf r*¾-wdYk jzpf\/
pmvdkajymvsif-
t&d,mwdo Yk t d yfaom 'kuo© nf 'kut © &d,opöm?
t&d,mwdyYk ,ftyfaom 'kuj© zpfaMumif;onf 'kuo © rk', t&d,
opöm?
t&d,mqdu
k t
f yfaom 'kuc© sKy&f meda&m"onf 'kue© ad &m"t&d,
opöm?
t&d,mwdyYk mG ;tyfaom 'kuc© sKy&f ma&mufaMumif; tusirYf *¾onf
'kue© ad &m"*grdeyD #dy'g t&d,opöm jzpf\/
28/ 'ku©t&d,opöm½Spfcsuf
t&d,mwdYk ydik ;f jcm;odtyfonfh 'ku½© pS cf su½f \
dS /
(1) Zmwd'ku©?
(2) Z&m'ku©?
(3) Asm"d'ku©(Ä)?
(4) r&P'ku©?
(5) tyÜd,orÜa,m*'ku©?
(6) yd,0dyÜa,m*'ku©?
(7) ,Hypd Hä wH tvmb'ku?©
(8) Oyg'geu©Em¨ 'ku?©
(Ä tcsKd Ua'oemü ryg)/
"r®pMumw&m;a[monfh tcsdefumv? a[m&m ae&mXmewdkY
uGmjcm;vGef;onfhtwGuf 'ku©-t&aumufrSef&ef a'oemt&yf&yf
axmufqí aumufMu&rnf jzpf\/
29/ 'ku© qif;&Jjcif;

'kuu
© kd ]qif;&Jjcif;}-[k jrefrmrIjyKxm;í cHpm;rIa0'emqif;&Juo kd m
trsm;odaeMu\/
'kut© &d,opömvm t&d,mwdo Yk jd rifonfh 'kuu
© m; ]a0'em'ku}©
r[kw?f ]b0'ku}© jzpf\/
cH p m;rI a 0'em'k u © u d k tuav;rS t p vl w d k i f ; od E d k i f M u\/

b0qif;&Jurkd l bk&m;oQirf jyvsif vlawmfBu;D rsm;yif rodjrifEikd Mf uay/
bd e f ; pm;? Mumorm;? pd w f x m;yk y f o l w d k Y cH p m;rI a 0'emt&
ud,
k bYf 0ud, k f t[kwx f ifrwS cf g om,maeMuaomfvnf; Mumavysupf ;D
av? vlYtodkif;t0dkif;rS ypfy,fcH&avjzpfaMumif; ]b0qif;&J} (0g)
]b0'ku}© udk olwYkd rod½mS Mu/
xdaYk MumifY qif;&J'uk E© pS rf sKd ; ½S\
d / a0'emqif;&JEiS Yf b0qif;&JwYkd
jzpf\/ 'kut © &d,opömvm 'kuu © m; ]b0'ku}© udk ,l&aMumif; or®m'd|d
tzGiüYf ½Si;f jycJNY y/D
30/ Zmwd? Z&m? r&P t&aumufokH;rsdK;

(1) y&rw¬opöm Zmwd? Z&m? r&P?
(2) orkwo d pöm Zmwd? Z&m? r&P?
(3) t&d,opöm Zmwd? Z&m? r&P/
"r®pMuma'oemawmfü opömav;yg; trSefw&m;udk jyqdk&mü
]'ku© t&d,opöH? 'ku©ork',H t&d,opöH? 'ku©eda&m"H t&d,opöH?
'kue© ad &m"*grdeyD #dy'g t&d,opö}H -[k ]t&d,opöm} 0daooepum;jzif-Y
'ku-© t&udk 'kur© eS o
f rQ r,l&? t&d,opömxdu
k of nfh 'kuu© o kd m
,l&aMumif;?
ork',-t&udk ork',tm;vkH; r,l&? t&d,opömxdkufonfh
ork,udom ,l&aMumif;?
eda&m"-t&udk eda&m"rSeforQ r,l&? t&d,opömxdkufonfh
eda&m"üom ,l&aMumif;?
r*¾-t&udk r*¾tm;vk;H r,l&? t&d,opömxdu k of nfh r*¾uokd m
,l&aMumif; aumif;aumif;odtyf\/
t&d,opömxdkufonfh 'ku©udkom csKyfNidrf;atmif vkyfEdkif\/
orkwdopöm'ku©? y&rw¬opöm'ku©udkum; csKyfNidrf;atmif rvkyfedkifay?
ry,fEdkifay/ csKyfNidrf;atmifrvkyfEdkifonfh 'ku©udk bk&m;a[mawmfrrl?
y,fEikd f vkyEf ikd o
f nf'h u
k u
© o
kd m bk&m;oQiaf [mawmfr\
l /
orkwo d pöm vlaumifBu;D \ tjzpfqif;&J? tdrk q I if;&J? emrIqif;&J?

aorIqif;&J[al om ZmwdçZ&mçr&PESiYf
y&rw¬opöm ½kyef mrfcE¨mwd\ Yk Oyg'fçXDçbif[al om ZmwdçZ&mçr&P/
t&d,opöm uHrmS ;aMumifjY zpfonfh tusKd ;0dyguf 0dnmPfç emrf½yk çf
oVm,weçzóça0'emwd\ Yk ysupf ;D çqd;k 0g;çtok;H rus[al om raumif;
onfth jzpf ZmwdçZ&mçr&P-[lí ok;H rsKd ;½S\ d /
t&d,opömvm ZmwdçZ&mçr&PwdkYum; vl\ tjzpfqdk;rI?
qkwf,kwfysufpD;rI? vltouf½Sifaeygvsuf b0aoae&rI[lonfh
b0qif;&Jrsm;om jzpf\/
t&yf o k H ; Zmwd ç Z&mçr&PES i f Y "r® o k H ; Zmwd ç Z&mçr&Pwd k Y
t"dyÜg,frwlMu/
t&yfo;Hk ZmwdçZ&mçr&Pudk rnfonft h &mESirYf Q wm;qD;ír&/
"r® o k H ; Zmwd ç Z&mçr&Pud k r l r*¾ i f ½ S p f y g; tusif Y w &m;jzif Y
wm;Edkif\/
t&yfod tdek maorIukd bk&m;oQiaf omfrS rwm;Edik /f ud, k w f ikd yf if

td&k ? em&? ao&\/ tdek maojcif;aMumifv Y nf; bmrSrjzpf/ od&Yk mwGif
bk&m;oQiu f ]igonf ZmwdçZ&mçr&Pwdu Yk ek &f m tNrKd uef Ad mÁ efukd &½SNd y}D -
[k a[mawmfrcl \YJ /
bk&m;oQifonf aAm"dyifESifYa½Tyv’ifrSmyif opömav;yg;udk

odjrifNyD;ojzifY udavorm&f? tbdocFg&rm&f? cE¨rm&f? rpöKrm&f?
a'0ykwårm&fwdkYudk atmifjrifNyD;aMumif;udk usrf;*efrsm;wGifvnf;
ajymqdkxm;\/
t&d,opöm\ ZmwdçZ&mçr&P[lonf um,ocFg&? 0pDocFg&?

pdwo
å cFg&rsm;aMumifY 0dnmPfjzpf? emrf½yk jf zpf? tm½kcH t
H *Fg tm,wejzpf?
xdcukd rf I zójzpf? cHpm;rI a0'emwd\ Yk jzpfymG ;rIukd qdv k \
kd /
0dnmPf? emrf½kyf? oVm,we? zó? a0'em-þig;yg;udkyif
ZmwdçZ&mçr&P-[k qd&k \/ þig;yg;rSwyg; tjcm;r½SNd y/D
þig;csu-f
jzpfonfukd Zmwd?
qkw, f w
k rf u
I kd Z&m?
emrIudk Asm"d?
a½GUavsmuG,af ysmufomG ;rIukd r&P-[k qd&k \/
xdkYaMumifY-
0dnmPf? emrf½yk ?f oVm,we? zó? a0'em?
ZmwdçZ&mçr&P?
Oyg'geu©Em¨ ig;yg;-wdYk trnfomuGí J twlw[ l k rSwtf yf\/
vlaumifBu;D \ ZmwdçZ&mçr&Ponf 'kut© &d,opöm r[kw/f

vlrb
I 0qif;&J ZmwdçZ&mçr&Pom 'kut© &d,opöm-[k a[mawmfr\
l /
31/ 'kuE© iS Yf 'kut © &d,opömuGmjcm;ykH
'kut
© rsKd ;rsKd ; ½S\
d /
uHaMumifjY zpfaom 'ku?©
pdwfaMumifYjzpfaom'ku©?
OwkaMumifjY zpfaom 'ku?©
tm[m&aMumifjY zpfaom 'ku?©
ywf0ef;usiaf MumifjY zpfaom 'ku-© ponfwYkd jzpf\/
t&d , opö m av;yg;ü'k u © - t&ud k uH a Mumif Y j zpf a om'k u © u d k

,ltyf\/ ]oaAÁocFg&m 'kum© }-[k bk&m;a[mawmfrcl suu f kd odtyf\/
uHukd ud, k pf rD íH ? y,fEikd af omaMumifY ]uHocFg&}udk ]'ku}© ,l&\/ tjcm;
'kur© sm;udrk l y,fr&jcif;aMumifY r,l&jcif; jzpf\/
uHocFg&onf umruHocFg&? ½lyuHocFg&? t½lyuHocFg&[k
uHocFg&ok;H pm; jym;\/ uH[o l nf ]apwem [H bdua© 0 ur®0H 'grd}-t&
apYaqmfraI pwemyif jzpf\/ apwem[lonf ]tm;pdkufpdw}f -[k ajym&\/
tqif;? toHponfh umrtm½kHrsm;ü aumif;raumif;tm;jzifY
tm;pdu k rf ?I ½kyt f m½küH todrt YJ m;pdu
k rf ?I ½kyrf t YJ m½küH t½Srd tYJ m;pdu k rf rI sm;
jzpfMu\/
tm;pdu k rf rI eS o
f rQ rnfonft h m;pdu k rf rI Q vlukd rNird ;f csr;f apEdik yf g/
tm;pdu k cf udk of m a0'emcHpm;&\/ tm;pdu k rf NI y;D vsif ysuo
f mG ;aomaMumifY
xyfzefwvJvJ tm;pdu k af pum aMumifMY uruif;&aom t&mom jzpf\/
ocFg&e,fü csmcsmvnfapaom t&mom jzpf\/
½lyg½lyocFg&rsm;onf cHpm;csufa0'emtm;jzifY tqifYjrifYum
ouf w rf ; tm;jzif Y ½S n f M umaomf v nf ; tm;pd k u f r I tm,l [ eud k
tzefzeftm;xkw&f jcif;aMumifY vlukd rNird ;f csr;f apaomt&mom jzpf\/
þocFg&rsm;onf tvkyrf t S vkyof Ykd &[wfcsm;uJo Y Ykd tm;pdu

k pf w
d f
oHo&m vnfapaomaMumifY rvkyaf umif;onft h &m? y,fpeG &Yf rnft h &m
rsm;om jzpf/ ]ukovm ukovH Z[H}-[k bk&m;oQif wdkufwGef;cJY\/
yGm;rsm;&rnfh ]bma0wAÁr[kw}f / 'kut© jzpf ½IymG ;cH&rnfh ydik ;f jcm;í odjrif&
rnfh y&dan,s"r®rsm;om jzpfaMumif; "r®pMuma'oemawmft& od&\/
'ku©opömü ysufpD;qkH;½IH;jcif; tedpö? rvkyfaumif;jcif; 'ku©?

rydik pf ;kd jcif;ç tESprf jYJ cif; tewå vu©Pmrsm; xif½mS ;ae\/ xdaYk MumifY
'kuE© iS Yf 'kut © &d,opöm jcm;em;ykH odygav/
32/ tvGeo f cd ufonfh 'kuE© iS 'Yf u

k t
© &d,opöm? ork',ESiYf ork',
t&d,opöm
'ku©- Oyg'geu©Em¨ jzpfq/J
'ku©t&d,opöm- t½IcH Oyg'geu©Em¨ tm½k/H
ork',- t0dZmÆ ? ocFg&? wPSm? Oyg'gef? b0-jzpfq/J
'ku© ork',t&d,opöm-tpysKd ;vmaom yk&rd t0dZmÆ ?
ocFg&? wPSm? Oyg'gef? b0-y,fjcif;(y[mwAÁ)/
þodu Yk jJG ym; jcm;em;yku
H kd odygav/
tpysKd ;vmaom yk&rd t0dZmÆ çocFg&çwPSm[lonfrmS aexGu&f ef

teDa&mif ysKd ;wufvmaom aet½kPEf iS w Yf \
l / þwPSmonf aemuf
xyf Oyg'geu©E¨m Zmwd'ku©jzpfaMumif; trSefjzpf\/ xdktrSefjzpfaom
ork',wPSmudk y,fowfEdkifrS 'ku©ork',t&d,opöm trnf&\/
ry,fowfEikd af o;vsif 'kuo
© rk',t&d,opömtrnf r&Edik yf g/
Oyg'geu©Em¨ udk ]qif;&J}[k odaomfvnf; ork',udk ry,fEikd v f sif
Oyg'geu©E¨m 'ku©todonf rjynfhpkHao;/ uav;odrQ-[k qdk&\/
Oyg'geu©Em¨ udk tydik o
f í
d Oyg'geu©Em¨ jzpfaMumif; ork',udk y,fNy;D onf
txd odaom todudkomvsif 'ku©opömudk ydkif;jcm;odaomtod[k
qd&k \/ opömav;csuf "r®puf wNyKd ief ufvnfrnf jzpf\/ ydik af tmif
BuHtyf\/
33/ w&m;tm;xkwfol ½IrSwf&rnfhcE¨m

w&m;tm;xkwo f l ocFe;f pm,l ½IMunf&h rnfch E¨monf tpGcJ E¨m?
Oyg'geu©Em¨ jzpf\/ bk&m;tavmif;awmfEiS Yf a½S;u w&m;tm;xkwo f rl sm;
w&m;r&MuonfrSm tpGJcE¨mr[kwfonfh tpGJrJYcE¨mudk ½IMunfhrdMuí
jzpf\/
tpGcJ E¨m Oyg'geu©Em¨ udk bk&m;oQif w&m;a[mrS odvm&onf/
cE¨monf ESprf sKd ;½So
d nf-
(1) tpGcJ E¨mig;yg;(yOöKyg'geu©Em¨ )?
(2) tpGrJ cYJ E¨mig;yg;(yOöuE© m¨ )wdYk jzpf\/
tpGOJ yg'geu©Em¨ udk bk&m;yGirYf S azmfxw

k Ef ikd cf \
YJ / w&m;½I&rnfch E¨m
jzpf\/]0dyóemblrd oE´óew¬}H - 0dyóem½I&rnfh tm½ku H kd azmfjyjcif;iSm
Oyg'geu©Em¨ udk bk&m;a[m\-[k usr;f *efrsm;u zGijYf y\/ Oyg'geu©Em¨ -
[lonf udk,fçEIwfçESvkH;vGefusL;rI uHocFg&aMumifYjzpfonfhcE¨m jzpf\/
y#dpoö rkygÜ ' 0#f'u
k c© E¨m jzpf\/
'ku©trSefudkodrS ork',trSefudk y,fEdkifí eda&m"trSefodkY

qdkufa&mufEdkif\/
]b0}-[l o nf h um,uH ç 0pD u H ç raemuH r sm;ü jzpf o nf Y

yd,0dyaÜ ,m*'ku-© cspo f El iS Yf auGuiG ;f &onfqh if;&J? tyÜ,
d orÜa,m*'ku©
-rk e f ; ol E S i f Y wG J a e&onf h q if ; &J ? ,H y d p ä H evbwd ' k u © - &wmrvd k
vdw
k mr&onfq h if;&JwYkd xif½mS ;vS\/
'ku½© pS rf sKd ; xkwjf yaomfvnf; tcsKyrf mS Oyg'geu©Em¨ 'kuy© if jzpf\/

t&d,opömjzpfonfh 'ku-© [lonf b0'ku?© orkwo d pöm vlurkd í
DS jzpfaom
trI'ku©? uHç0dyguçudavowdkY rjywfvnfíjzpf&onfh y#dpöorkyÜg'
oHo&m0#f'u k o © mjzpfaMumif; odjd riftyf\/
34/ 'kuo
© rk', t&d,opöm
qif;&J'ku©\ jzpfaMumif;onf 'ku©ork', rnf\/ "r®pMum
a'oemü 'kuo © rk', t&onf umrwPSm? b0wPSm? 0db0wPSm
wdYk jzpf\/
umrb0ü tvGeEf pS o f ufroI nf umrwPSm jzpf\/
½lyb0ü tvGeEf pS o f ufroI nf ½lywPSmonf b0wPSm jzpf\/
t½lyb0ü tvGeEf pS o f ufroI nf t½lywPSmonf 0db0wPSm
jzpf\/
umrwPSm? b0wPSm? 0db0wPSmwdkYonf 'ku©jzpfaMumif;
ork',rsm; jzpf\/ ½lywPSmudk b0wPSm? t½lywPSmudk 0dbmwPSm
tb,faY MumifY qdEk ikd yf goenf;¿
umrb0? ½lub0? t½lyb0-[k b0ok;H yg;/
umrwPSm? b0wPSm? 0db0wPSm-[k wPSmok;H yg;/
umrwPSmaMumifY umrb0 jzpf\/ ½lywPSmaMumifY ½lyb0
jzpf\/ t½lywPSmaMumifY t½lyb0 jzpf\/
wPSm-[lonf ]qmavmifjcif;} jzpf\/ ½lyb0qmavmifonfukd
b0wPSm? t½lyb0qmavmifonfudk 0db0wPSm[k "r®pMumü
bk&m;oQif a[mawmfrl\/
trSerf mS umr? ½ly? t½lyok;H yg;vk;H b0rsm;yifjzpf\/ umrb0udk
umr-[k qdo k nfrmS xif½mS ;\/ ½lyb0udk b0-[kqo kd nfrmS t"dygÜ ,f
av;euf\/
½lyorm;onf tm½kt H axGaxG awG;BurH I trSwo f nmudk y,fcgG í
y&rw¬ ½ k y f t m½k H o uf o uf j zif Y o m ae&rI u d k ]b0tppf t rS e f } -[k
rSwfxif\/
þodYk ½kyo f ufoufjzifo Y m ae&onfb h 0udk vdck siEf pS o f ufaom
wPSmonf ]b0wPSm} jzpf\/ xdaYk MumifY ½lywPSmudk b0wPSm-[k
a[mxm;jcif; jzpf\/
t½lyb0wPSmudk 0db0wPSm-[k a[mawmfrjl cif;rSm t½lyb0
orm;wdkYonf ½lyorm;wdkY\ ]b0}-[kajym&aom ½kyftm½kHonf r½Sd?
pdwtf xifrQom jzpf\/ xkt d m½ku H ,
kd o
l nfh yk*Kd¾ vv
f nf; r½S?d bmrQr½S-d
[k ,lqMu\/ bmrQr½Sjd cif;onf b0r½Sjd cif; jzpf\/ b0r½Sjd cif;onf
]0db0}-jzpf\/ xdaYk MumifY t½lyb0qmavmifwyfrufru I kd 0db0wPSm-
[k a[mxm;jcif; jzpf\/
35/ wPSmtppftrSef
qmavmifr?I wyfrufr?I vdck sirf w
I idk ;f onf wPSm r[kw/f
b0wpfcck k vdck sirf o
I m wPSm jzpf\/
umrb0vdck sirf o I nf umrwPSm jzpf\/
½lyb0vdck sirf o
I nf ½lywPSm jzpf\/
t½lyb0vdck sirf o I nf t½lywPSm jzpf\/
wPSmonf ork',? ork',onf 'kuj© zpfaMumif;/ 'kuj© zpfaMumif;

wPSmork', y,fEdkifrS 'ku©at;Mu&rnfjzpf\/ 'ku©at;zdkYtwGuf
y,fEikd af tmif wPSmudk twdtusozd Ykd vd\
k /
pm;vdkrI? 0wfvdkrI? aevdkrI? tmPmçpD;yGm; udk,fusifYodu©m

twwfynm vdck sirf rI sm;-ponfwo Ykd nf wPSmr[kwyf g/ þvdv
k m;rIrsm;
udk y,f½mS ;ygu 'kur© Nird ;f onfjh yif 'kur© sm;rnfom jzpf\/
]b0}-[lonf todrmS ;rIaMumifY vGeu f sL;rdonfh ud,k çf EIwçf ESv;Hk

uHocFg&rsm;\ trnfjzpf\/ umrukov kd çf tukov kd f uHocFg&? ½lyukov kd f
uHocFg&? t½lyukov kd f uHocFg&wdYk jzpf\/ umrb0? ½lyb0? t½lyb0-
[k b0ok;H yg; qd&k \/
umr*kPw f &m; tm½kiH g;yg;tay: todrmS ;rIaMumifY vGeu f sL;rd
onfh ud,k çf EIwçf ESv;Hk trSm;rsm;onf umrb0 jzpf\/
onm0d&m* bm0emjzifY yk*Kd¾ vçf owå0gçolçigr½Sd ½kyef mrfom½S\

d -
[k 0ef;usi½f dS vlom;rsm;tay: todrmS ;rI
aMumifY vGeuf sL;rdonfh ud,
k çf EIwçf ESv;Hk trSm;rsm;onf ½lyb0 jzpf\/
½ly0d&m* bm0emjzifY yk*Kd¾ vf owå0gvnf;r½S?d ½kyef mrfvnf;r½S/d

½S\
d [lonfrmS txifrQom? vSnphf m;rIrm,mrQom/ trSepf ifppf bmrQr½Sd
]ew¬d udO}dö -[k todrmS ;rIaMumifY vGeu
f sL;rdonfh ud,
k çf EIwçf ESv;Hk trSm;rsm;
onf t½lyb0 jzpf\/
umrç½lyçt½ly b0rsm;onf 'kuj© zpf\/ xdk b0'kuu © kd vdck sirf I
wPSmonf xdk b0'ku©jyef&aMumif; ork', jzpf\/ xdkYaMumifY
b0wPSmrsm;onf ork',trSef jzpf\/
pm;vdçk 0wfvçkd aevdk wd;k wufvkd csr;f omvd-k ponf omrefvv kd m;rI
rsm;onf qEómjzpfí ork',tppf r[kwfí ry,f&yg/ vGefusL;rI
a&mufapaMumif; b0wPSmork',udo k m y,f&rnf jzpf\/
wPSmonf qmavmifrI jzpf\/ qmavmifrw I ikd ;f wPSmork',
r[kwyf g/ avmuü qmavmifrt I rsKd ;rsKd ; ½S\
d / xrif;qm? a&qm? vifqm?
r,m;qm? w&m;qm? todqm? twwfqm? pD;yGm;qm? BuD;yGm;qm-
ponfwYkd jzpf\/ þqmavmifrrI sm;onf 'kuj© zpfaMumif; r[kwí f wPSm
ork', r[kwyf g/
b0vdck sirf ?I b0qmavmifrI wpfcw k nf;onfom qif;&JaMumif;

trSejf zpfí wPSmork',tppf jzpf\/ b0ok;H rsKd ;½Sí d 'kuj© zpfaMumif;
wPS m ork ' ,ok H ; rsd K ; jzpf v m\/ umrb0wPS m ? ½l y b0wPS m ?
t½lyb0wPSm/ wpfenf;vnf; umrwPSm? b0wPSm? 0dbmwPSmwdYk
jzpf\/ þwPSmrsm;om 'ku©jzpfaMumif;trSef jzpfí þork',udk
y,fEikd rf S 'kue© ad &m"trSeof Ykd qdu
k af &mufEikd af Mumif; odygav/
36/ 'ku©eda&m"t&d,opöm
t&d,mwdYk odjrifonfh qif;&JNird ;f jcif;trSeo
f nf 'kue© ad &m"t&d,
opöm rnf\/ edAmÁ efrnf\/ edAmÁ efvckd siv f íS vlwikd ;f awmifw Y Mu\/
0drkwå&o vGwfajrmufrIt&om ½SdaomaMumifY jzpf\/ vGwfajrmufrI
t&omrSm twd;k tqkwrf ½S?d tNrw J rf; vGwaf jrmufaerI jzpf\/ rnforl Q
rzsuq f ;D Edik af omoabm jzpf\/
"r®pMumü-
]pma*g y#deó d a*¾g rkwdå temva,m}-[k bk&m;oQif a[mxm;
\/ pma*g-pGerYf ?I y#deó d a*¾g-vTwrf ?I 0drw
k -då vGwrf ?I temva,m-wnf&m
r½Srd -I [k t"dygÜ ,f ½S\ d /
]a,m wóma,0 wPSm, taoo0d&m* eda&ma"g}- wPSm
t<uif;rJY csKyNf ird ;f oGm;rIukd eda&m"opöm-[k qd&k \/ umrç½lyçt½lyb0
rsm;tay: qmavmifrw I PSm tNit d pGrJ ½Sd csKyNf ird ;f oGm;rI jzpf\/
b0okH;yg;pGJNidrIrS t<uif;rJYvGwfajrmufrIudk 'ku©Nidrf;jcif;-
'ku©eda&m"-[k bk&m;oQif a[mawmfrl\/ 'ku©eda&m"t&d,opöm-
[lonf 'kuE© iS Yf 'kuj© zpfaMumif;ork',ESpyf g;wdYk rjzpfjcif;yif jzpf\/
taoo0d&m*-wPSmt<uif;rJcY sKy&f mü wPSmcsKyyf Hk ok;H rsKd ;½S\ d /
umruk o d k v f j zif Y wpf c PrQ ty,f c H & í csKyf a eonf h w'*F c sKyf ?
psmefuo k vkd jf zifY cyfMumMumcGgí ty,fc&H onfh 0dur© eÇ csKy?f r*fuo k v
kd jf zifY
tjywfy,fc&H í csKyaf eonfh orkapä'csKyw f Ykd jzpf\/
ykpH x
H wk í f ½Si;f jytH-h
owfrçI cd;k rIç usL;rIçvdrrf w I o
Ykd nf umruH umrb0rsm; jzpf\/
xdu k rH sm;udk jyKcsirf I om,mrIwo Ykd nf pGNJ iad erI jzpf\/ þpGNJ ird u
I kd y,fenf;
ok;H enf;wGif wpfrsKd ;rsKd ;jzifY y,f&\/ ty,fc&H onft h wGuf xdpk NJG ird o
I nf
csKyyf o Hk ;Hk ck wpfcck Ek iS Yf csKy\f /
umrb0\ tjypfujkd rifatmif Munfo h u l xduk mrb0 rjyKawmY-
[k qkH;jzwfvsif umrb0tay:pGJNidrIonf arS;rSdefaysmufuG,foGm;\/
od&Yk mwGif xdq k ;Hk jzwfcsuo f nf usL;vGezf rYkd vdt k yfonfh tcsed w f tkd wGi;f ü
om wnfaeí? pGJNidrIonfvnf; xdktcsdefü arS;rSdefaysmufuG,fae\/
þum; w'*Fy[meftm;jzifY y,fí cPrQ pGNJ ird w I PSm csKyaf eykH jzpf\/
½lygb0? t½lyb0rsm;\ tjypfudkjrifolu xdkb0uHrsm;udk
rjyKawmY-[k qk;H jzwfvsif xdb
k 0rsm;tay: pGNJ ird o
I nf arS;rSed af ysmufu,G f
oGm;\/ od&Yk mwGif xdb
k 0uHrsm;udk jyKciG rYf omao;onfh tcsed w f tkd wGi;f
üom qkH;jzwfcsufwnfí? pGJNidrIwPSmonfvnf; uif;uGmae\/
þonfvnf; w'*F wPSmcsKyyf if/
umrESiYf ½lyg½lyb0uHrsm;udk rjyK½rHk Qru jyKvpkd w d yf if r½Sad tmif

owdç0D&d,jzifY apmifYMuyfMunfh½Iaeonfhtcg b0tm;vkH;tay: pGJNidrI
wPSm uif;uGmae\/ od&Yk mwGif owdç0D&, d jzifY apmifMY uyfaecdu k o
f m
uif;uGmEdik í
f owdvw G v
f sif pGNJ ird w
I PSm ay:NraJ y:vmjyef\/ owdxm;
aeorQ pGJNidrIwPSm Nidrf;aeonfudk 0du©rÇey[mefjzifY y,fcGgonf-[k
qdk&\/
umrb0? ½lyg½lyb0rsm;\ tjypfudk txyfxyfyGm;olonf

xdb k 0rsm;\ tjypfukd ydik ;f jcm;odonfh todÓPf &vm\/
'kuo © pömudk ydik ;f jcm;íodonfh todÓPfqo kd nfrmS -
b0ok;H yg;wd\ Yk twdwu f vGeu
f sL;cJo
Y nfh uHrmS ;rsm;? ypöKyeÜ jf zpfqJ
ü vGeu f sL;rdonfh uHrmS ;rsm;? tem*wfüvnf; uHrmS ;rsm; usL;vGerf u d
tusdK;0dyguf'ku©rsm; jzpfyGm;rnf {uef-[k odjrifNyD; b0uHvdkvm;rI
tmomqE´rsm; r½So d nfh tjzpfrsm; ÓPfüxif½mS ;vm\/
xdtk cg 0dygufcE¨mü ude;f 0yf&yfwnf tdyaf eonfh tEko,wPSm
pGNJ ird rI sm;yg ukecf ef;oGm;\/ b0uHrmS ;rsm;udk rnforYkd Q rusL;vGeaf wmY/
pGNJ ird t
I m;vk;H uif;csKyo f mG ;\/ þum; orkapä'jzifyY ,fonfh wPSmcsKyf
jzpf\/
37/ wPSmudavom ok;H yg;

b0ok;H rsKd ;½Sí
d b0qmavmifonfh wPSmok;H rsKd ;½S&d m b0wpfrsKd ;
twGuf wPSm(tqif)Y ok;H rsKd ; ½Sad e\/ 0Dwu
d rú wPSm? y&d,|k mewPSm?
tEko,wPSmwdYk jzpf\/
b0wpfcck uk kd jyKvyk af eqJü jyKvyk rf EI iS tYf wl jzpfaeonfh wPSm

onf 0Dwu d rú wPSm (vGeu f sL;qJwPSm) jzpf\/
b0wpfcck k jyKcsiaf erIonf y&d,|k mewPSm jzpf\/ um,ç 0pDç
raem trIwpfcck k jyKcsiaf erI? pdwxf aerI? pdw½f aG erI? wPSmxaerI? jyKcsif
aerIukd y&d,|k mewPSm[k qd&k \/
b0uHrSm;wpfck jyKNyD;aemuf jyKcJYonfhb0ESifYxyfwl pdwfrsm;
wqufwnf; jzpfusecf \ YJ / jzpfusecf o
YJ nfh 0dygufpw d üf b0uHjyKpOfu
wPSmrsKd ; om,mrIwPSmwpfck ude;f 0yfcv H u kd &f \/ þude;f 0yfcv H u
kd &f
aom wPSmudk tEko,wPSm (tdyaf eonfw h PSm)-[k ac:\/
38/ y[mefo;Hk yg;jzifY wPSmy,fyHk

b0uHrSm;rsm; rjyKrdatmif a½Smifjcif;onf 0Dwduúrudavom
wPSmudk y,fjcif;jzpf\/ b0uHrSm;rsm; jyKvdkpdwf xrvmatmif
Nird ;f apjcif;onf y&d,|k mewPSmudk y,fjcif; jzpf\/ uHrmS ;rsm; jyKvyk Nf y;D
&½Sv d m rnft h usKd ;ü tjypfjrifum rom,mjcif;onf tEko,wPSmudk
y,fjcif; jzpf\/
w'*Fy[mefjzifY 0Dwu
d rú wPSm? 0dur© eÇ y[mefjzifY y&d,|k mwPSm?
orkapä'y[mefjzifY tEko,wPSmudk csKyaf p\-[k qdv k \ kd /
tEko,wPSmcsKyo f nf- wPSmudk taoo t<uif;vufusef
r½Sd csKyaf pjcif; jzpf\/ eda&m"opömü wPSmcsKyu
f q
kd &kd mü w'*FcsKy?f 0dur© eÇ
csKyf wPSmrsm; r[kwfyg/ ,if;wPSmcsKyfrsm;onf wPSmudk tao
rowfEikd ?f t<uif;tusef ½Sad o;aomaMumifY jzpf\/ orkapä'jzifcY sKyo f nfh
wPSmomvsif b0opfaemufxyf rjzpfapEdik af omaMumifY tEko,wPSm
t<uif;rJcY sKyo f nf rnf\/
tEko,wPSmudk wdu k ½f ukd f y,fowfí r&yg/ 0Dwu d rú udavom

wPSmaMumifY tEko,udavomwPSm jzpf&\/ taMumif;jzpfonfh
0D w d u ú r ud a vomwPS m ud k tjywf y,f E d k i f o nf E S i f Y wNyd K if e uf
tEko,udavomwPSm tvdv k kd y,fNy;D jzpfonf/
tEko,udavomwPSm ukeo f nfuykd if wPSmt<uif;rJu Y ek o

f nf
-[k qdk&\/ tEko,ukefvsif wPSmtm;vkH; ukef\/ 0DwduúrwPSm
aovsif tusKd ;qufjzpfonfh tEko,wPSmyg ao\/ tEko,udavom
wPSm aovsif aemufxyf 0Dwu d rú wPSm topfrsm; jzpfymG ;cGiYf r½Sad wmY/
xdaYk MumifY tEko,wPSm csKyrf oI nf wPSm, taooeda&m" wPSm
vufuserf ½Sd csKyrf I jzpf\/
'kue© ad &m"t&d,opömü wPSmt<uif;rJu

Y ek jf cif;? pGNJ ird u
I if;jcif;?
csKyNf ird ;f jcif;-[lonf tdyaf eonfh umrwPSm? b0wPSm? 0db0wPSm
rsm;udk t<uif;tuserf ½Sd y,fowfNy;D jcif; jzpf\/
þum; wPSm taooeda&m" jzpfyw Hk nf;/
taoo0d&m* eda&m"-ü ]0d&m*}-[lonf wPSmpGNJ ird rI uif;jcif;

jzpf\/ wPSmudk qd;k &nfEsiw Yf al omaMumifY ]&m*}-[k qd\
k / qd;k &nfonf
tqd;k cH&onfh t0wftxnfrsm;udk pGNJ iad p\/ wPSmonfvnf; wPSm
tjzpfc&H onfvh u
l kd pGNJ iad p\/ þodYk qd;k &nfEiS Yf wPSm wl\/
uHrmS ;rsm; jyKvyk ?f ajymqd?k BupH nfro I nf xdu k EH iS Yf tusKd ;0dyguf

tay: pGrJ NI ird I jzpf\/ pGNJ ird -I [lonf ta&mifwpfcck \
k t0wftxnfay:
wifusecf rYJ EI iS Yf wl\/
t0wftxnfü ta&mif pGw J ifusecf aYJ omfvnf; txnftjzpfu

ajymif;vJroGm;ay/ txnf\ yko H P²mef tBu;D ti,f twdt k ½Sn-f ponf
ajymif;vJrI r½S?d ta&mifom ajymif;oGm;jcif; jzpf\/
pGNJ ird o
I nfvnf; tpGcJ &H ol-vlü ykaH jymif;roGm;bJ eud,k tf wdik ;f
yif jzpf\/ trIEiS Yf trI\tusKd ;0dyguf oabmus ESpNf cKd uaf erIom jzpf\/
]pGNJ ird }I -onf vl\ vGwvf yfNird ;f csr;f rIukd aysmufq;Hk aponfh wpfck
wnf;aomt&m jzpf\/ pGNJ ird u I kd rNi;D aiGUEdik f rpufqw k Ef ikd f aysmaf rGUvsuf
arYavsmuY m ae\/
pGNJ ird w
I PSmudk ½IMunfah omfvnf; rawGUEdik f rodEidk /f tm½k½H yk rf sm;
r[kwí f rawGUEdik f rjrifEikd /f pGNJ icd &H onfh t&mudyk if ½SmrawGUEdik f jzpf\/
odkYtwGuf pGJNidrIwPSm r[kwfonfudk wPSmvkyfum txifjzifY
y,f o wf a eMu\/ ty,f r S m ;aeaomaMumif Y 'k u © e d a &m"rjzpf b J
'kuw© iG ;f üom w0Jvnfvnf 0#f'u k o
© o
H &m vnfae&\/
pGJNidrIwPSmonf rnfonfht&murQ jzpfay:vmonf r[kwf/
vlrsm;tay: rdr\ d ud,
k çf EIwçf ESv;Hk wkjYH yefveG u
f sL;rI trIur®rsm;uom
jzpfay:aponf jzpf\/
pJGNidrIwPSmonf vludk yl;0ifESdyfpufaeonfh ty-ya,m*

{nfoh nftm*EÅKrQom jzpf\/ ,if;udk jrifEikd o f nft
h usirYf mS tv,fvrf;
r*¾i½f pS yf g;vrf; wpfcw k nf;om jzpf\/ þvrf;udk tayguf ravQmuforQ
tpGJtNidrSvGwf&ef rvG,fay/ pGJNidrI&m* owfEdkifzdkY&ef þwpfvrf;om
½S\
d /
vlonf tNit d pGw
J PSm½Su
d tm½k\ H oabmrSeu f kd rjrifrawGU&/
tNidtpGJu jrifcdkif;onfhtwdkif; jrifMuçMum;Mu&\/ qm;u csdKvdkcsdK?
oMum;u iefvikd ef jzpf\/ t½l;uJo Y Ykd tpkwtf jywfukd taumif; xifrw S f
wwf\/ tpGw J PSmonf ewfrpd mä jzpfí vlukd tyl;cH&vsif qif;&J'u k ©
{uefjzpf&\/
vl\yef;wdik o f nf ]vGwv f yfr}I -jzpf\/ vGwv f yfr\

I ab;&efonf
tpGt
J Nid jzpf\/ pGNJ ird w
I PSm r½Sjd cif;onfyif ]vw G af jrmufrI edAmÁ ef} jzpf\/
'kuv © w
G af jrmufrjI y 'kue© ad &m"t&d,opöm\ teuft"dygÜ ,frmS
0d&m*-pGNJ ird w
I PSm uif;jywfjcif; jzpf\/ 'kuN© ird ;f jcif;-[lonf wPSmok;H wef
uif;jywfjcif; 0d&m*yif jzpf\/ edAmÁ ef\ wPSmok;H wef csKyNf ird ;f yku
H kd ]pma*g
y#deó
d a*¾g rkwdå temva,m}[k "r®pMuma'oemü azmfjy\/
39/ edAmÁ efEiS Yf todÓPfo;Hk yg;

(1) b0rsm;udk pGNJ io d nfh umrwPSm? b0wPSm? 0db0wPSm
wdYk csKyNf ird ;f aerIuo
kd o
d nfh todÓPf?
(2) csKyNf ird ;f rIonf t<uif;rJcY sKyNf ird ;f rI-[k odonfh todÓPf/
(3) tpGt J Niwd PSm 0d&m*jzpfru I o
kd o d nfh todÓPf/
cspw f wfonfh qE´&m*wPSm r½Sad om 0d&m*yk*Kd¾ vt f m; tcspcf &H

rnfh rde;f ra,musmf ; r½S/d
cspw f wfaom qE´&m* wPSm½So d nfh yk*Kd¾ vt
f m; tcspcf &H rnfh
rde;f ra,musmf ; ½S\ d /
pGNJ ird w I PSm vk;H 0csKyNf ird ;f aeonfuykd if edAmÁ ef-[k qd\ k /
edAmÁ eftNird ;f "gwfom tNr½J adS eawmY\/
jzpfwmu pGNJ ird ?I csKyw f muvnf; pJNG ird yI if/
pGNJ ird I r½Sw d m Nird ;f wm/
pGNJ ird ½I vdS sif rvGwv f yf? r½Sud vGwv f yf\/
pGNJ ird jI zpfwm 'ku?© vGwv f yfu 'kue© ad &m"jzpf\/
xdaYk MumifY edAmÁ ef-[lonf-
]vl\ vGwv f yfr?I Nird ;f at;rI? csr;f ajrUrIw\
Ykd trnf} jzpf\/
40/ 'kue© ad &m"*grdeyD #dy'g t&d,opöm

'ku©eda&m"*grdeDy#dy'g t&d,opömudk r*¾t&d,opöm[kvnf;
qd&k \/ r*¾t&d,opömudk tv,ftvwfvrf;tjzpf a½SUydik ;f u tus,f
w0ifY zGifYjycjJYyD/ xdkYaMumifY opömav;csuf\ teuftzGifY jynfhpkHNyD/
odt
Yk wGuf opömav;csuEf iS Yf opömwd\ Yk opömtjzpfukd odNy;D jzpfí opöÓPf
jzpfay:Ny-D [k qd&k \/
'ku©t&d,opöm\ udpöonf ydkif;jcm;todcH? tavYvmcH?
ocFef;pmtjzpf todcHudpö ½Sd\/
ork',t&d,opöm\ udprö mS ty,fpeG Uf cHupd ö ½S\ d /
eda&m"t&d,opöm\ udprö mS tqdu k af &mufcu H pd ö ½S\
d /
r*¾t&d,opöm\ udprö mS yGm;rsm;zdu Yk pd ö ½S\
d /
udpö-[lonf tvkyfjzpf\/ todcHtvkyf? ty,fcHtvkyf?
qdu k af &mufcH tvky?f yGm;rsm;rI tvkyrf sm; jzpf\/
þodkY opömav;yg;\ udpötoD;oD;udk odjcif;onf udpöÓPf
jzpfay:vmjcif; jzpf\/
opömjzpfyo
Hk ?d opömwd\
Yk udpt
ö oD;oD;udo k í d jyKvyk u f xdv k yk if ef;
Ny;D qk;H &\/ uwÓPf jzpfay:vmonf[k qd&k \/
41/ opömav;yg;\ opöÓPf? udpÓ ö Pf? uwÓPf

'kut © &d,opömü 'kut © ppftrSeu f o kd ad om ÓPfonf opöÓPf
jzpf\/ 'kuo© pömonf ydik ;f jcm;íod&rnfh todcu H pd ½ö \
dS -[k odaomÓPf
onf udpÓ ö Pf jzpf\/ 'kuo © pömudk ydik ;f jcm;íodNy;D Ny-D [k odaomÓPf
onf uwÓPf jzpf\/
ork',t&d,opömü y,fp&mudkodaomÓPfonf opöÓPf

rnf\/ odonfhtwdkif; y,fpGefYjcif;udpö jyK&rnf[k odaomÓPfonf
udpÓ
ö Pf jzpf\/ y,fjcif;udpö Ny;D qk;H í Ny;D qk;H Ny[
D k odaomÓPfonf
uwÓPf jzpf\/
eda&m"t&d,opömü 'kuç© ork', ESpyf g;wd\ Yk csKyNf ird ;f rI[k odaom

ÓPf onf opöÓPf jzpf\/ odonft h wdik ;f csKyNf ird ;f rIonf qdu k af &muf
tyfaomudpö ½S\ d [k odaomÓPfonf udpÓ ö Pf jzpf\/ qdu

k af &mufNy;D
í qdu
k pf &mudk qdu
k af &mufNy;D Ny[
D k odaomÓPfonf uwÓPf jzpf\/
r*¾t&d,opömü r*¾i½f pS yf g;onf 'kuN© ird ;f aMumif;opöm[k odaom

ÓPf onf opöÓPf jzpf\/ odonft h wdik ;f yGm;rsm;&rnfh tvkyu f pd ö
oabmud k od a omÓPf o nf ud p ö Ó Pf jzpf \ / yG m ;rsm;jcif ; ud p ö
Ny;D qk;H onfukd odaomÓPfonf uwÓPf jzpf\/
þodYk opömwpfyg;pDü opöÓPf? udpÓ ö Pf? uwÓPf[k ÓPf

ok;H yg;pD½&dS m t&d,opömav;yg;ü ÓPfwpfq,fEY pS yf g; jzpf\/
bk&m;oQiu f rdro
d nf a½S;u rodcb YJ ;l onfh þÓPfwpfq,fY
ESpyf g;ay:vmrS ]or®morÁK'¨ bk&m;jzpfNy}D -[k 0efccH \
YJ /
t&d , opö m av;yg;wG i f usif Y y G m ;&rnf r S m ]r*¾ t &d , opö m }

wpfyg;wnf; jzpf\/ r*¾ymG ;awmY 'kuo © ?d 'kuo © ad wmY 'kuj© zpfaMumif;
ork', y,f? ork',y,fawmY 'ku©eda&m"qdkuf? 'ku©eda&m"qdkufu
r*¾ymG ;Ny;D [k qd&k \/ opömav;csuf wNyKd ief uf vnfawmY\/
þuJoY Ykd "r®puf vnfomG ;jcif;onf aqmif½u G &f rnfu

h pd rö sm;udk
rSerf eS u
f efuef aqmif½u G Ef idk í
f jzpf\/ udpNö y;D Ny[
D k qd&k \/
42/ opömav;yg;jzifY w&m;ed*;Hk csKyjf cif;
tv,fvrf; r*¾i½f pS yf g;\ *kP&f nfonf opömav;csuf wNyKd if
euf vnf&rnf jzpf\/ þodkY vnfapEkdifrSom ykxkZOf[laom þrSm
bufurf;rS t&d,m[laom [drk mS bufurf;odYk avQmufvrS ;f Edik o
f l jzpf\-
[k odap&ef opömav;yg;jzifY ed*;Hk tkyx
f m;jcif; jzpf\/
bk&m;oQi\ f tv,fvrf;jzpfonfh rZÑrd y#dy'g r*¾i½f pS yf g;w&m;

onf b0jrK§ ;H wGi;f odYk usa&mufaeonfh vlom;wd\ Yk xGu&f yfvrf; jzpf\/
xdv k rf;twdik ;f avQmufvrS ;f zd&Yk ef rdrw
d w
Ykd m0efom jzpf\/ vrf;od½jHk zifY
vd&k modYk ra&mufEikd yf g/
Ak'b
¨ momwd\ Yk yef;wdik jf zpfaom edAmÁ efoYkd a&mufvo kd rl sm;onf
r*¾i½f pS yf g;vrf;twdik ;f ,kMH unfpw d cf spmG avQmufvrS ;f Mu&ef wdu k wf eG ;f
tyfygownf;/
43/ ypöa0u©PmÓPf
]tukyÜg ar 0drkwåd? t,rEÅdrm Zmwd? ew¬d'ged ykeAÇa0gwd}
w'*Fy[mef? 0dur© eÇ y[meftm;jzifY vGwaf jrmufjcif;wdYk
onf ysufpD;Edkifonfh ]ukyÜ0drkwåd}-rsdK; jzpf\/ orkapä'y[meftm;jzifY
vGwaf jrmufrrI sK;om ]tuky0Ü rd w
k }då -rsKd ; jzpf\/ bk&m;oQiu f ypöa0u©Pm
ÓPfjzifY qifjcifí odojzifY ]tukygÜ ar 0drw k }då -[k a[mawmfr\
l /
0drkwåd-vGwfajrmufrI[lonf Zmwd'ku©? Z&m'ku©? Asm"d'ku©?

r&P'k u © w d k Y r S vG w f a jrmuf r I jzpf \ / 'k u © B uD ; ½S p f c suf r S
vGwaf jrmufonfuykd if ]0drw k }då -[k qd\
k /
y&dedAÁmefjyKNyD;rS tdek mao'kur© S vGwaf jrmuf\-[lonfh oHo,

uif;½Si;fap&ef ]'ged}-[laom pum;&yfjzifY ],ckyifvw G af jrmufae\}-[k
azmfjy\/
ykeAÇ0-wzef b0opfukd jzpfapwwfonh ur®b0udk y,fNy;D jzpfí?
wqufwnf; umvçXmeçya,m*rjcm;bJ jzpfonfh 0dygu0#f ZmwdçZ&mç
r&PwdkYrSvnf; vGwfajrmufjcif; jzpf\/ vl\ y#doaEäerI? tdkrI? emrI?
aorIwrYkd S vGwaf jrmufonf-[k rqdv k ykd g/
tukygÜ ar 0drw k -då jzifY eda&m"t&d,opöm?

t,rEÅrd m Zmwd-jzifY 'kut © &d,opöm?
ew¬'d ged ykeAÇa0g-jzifY ork',t&d,opöm?
t0kw¬o'¨denf;jzifY r*¾t&d,opömwdkYudk ypöa0u©PmÓPfjzifY
odjrifawmfrl\-[k azmfjyjcif; jzpf\/
"r®pMumed'gef;ü ]aygaemAÇ0u d m}-a[mí ed*;Hk ü ]ykeAÇ0}-[k pum;

tenf;i,fjyifí a[mxm;\/
ed'gef;vm ygaemAÇ0u d m-[lonf-
wPSmonf b0topftopf wd;k íwd;k í jzpfapwwf
\-[k qdv k \ kd /
ed*;Hk vm ykeAÇ0-t"dygÜ ,fum;-
Zmwd t opf t opf u d k jzpf a pwwf o nf h wPS m ES i f Y w uG
ur®b0topfonf r½Sad wmY-[k qdv k \
kd /
ur®b0udk orkapä'y[mefjzifY y,fNy;D jzpfí topf xyfrjH zpfrnfh
]ykeAÇ0} r½SdawmY [lvdk/
tcef;(5)
wdkufwGef;EId;aqmfcsuf
44/ "r®pMumw&m;awmf\ &nfneT ;f csuf

"r®pMumw&m;\ "r®ed'gef;? "r®pmudk,f? "r®ed*kH; okH;csufvkH;
jynfhpkHNyD/ w&m;r&Edkifonfh tusifYESpfyg;? usifYyGm;&rnfh r*¾if½Spfyg;
usiyYf mG ;ojzifY odjrifvmonft h usKd ; opömav;csuu f vkd nf; odjrifc&YJ \/
þodYk od&ef "r®pMumw&m;awmfu &nfneT ;f \/
r[mouú&mZf 103ckEpS f 0gqdv k nfah eY "r®pMum a[mNy;D aomtcg
yOö0*¾iD g;OD;xJrS ½Siaf um@n wpfO;D wnf;om em;vnfomG ;\/
em;vnfoGm;í-
],HudOöd ork',"r®H oAÁH wH eda&m""r®H}-[k bk&m;oQiftm;
avQmufxm;vdkuf\/
]ork', rSeo f rQ csKyNf ird ;f apEdik \f }- t"dygÜ ,f jzpf\/
bk&m;oQifuvnf;-
]tnmod 0w abm aum@anm}-
aum@nodomG ;Ny-D [k ESpBf urd w f ikd w
f ikd f O'gef; usL;&ifaY wmfr\ l /
usef a v;OD ; um; em;rvnf M uao;í aemuf x yf a v;&uf
qufa[mrS em;vnfum aomwmyeft&d,mrsm; jzpfomG ;Mu\/
bk&m;oQifESifY awGUBuKH&onfh yOö0*fwdkYaomfrS ig;&ufwdkifwdkif
aqG;aEG;Mum;em&onfh tajctae½Sí d umvçXme jcm;vSNyjD zpfonfh ,ck
tcgü ydkí ydkí aqG;aEG;avYvm&ayvdrfYrnf/
odt
Yk wGuf txyfxyf avYvmum em;vnfEikd o f nftxd BuKd ;pm;
&ef wdu k w
f eG ;f tyfygownf;/
qkawmif;
rEÅav;NrKd U OD;rsKd ;jrifY (omoe"Z oD&yD 0&? "r®mp&d,)\ "r®pMum
w&m;usr;f a&;om;csuu f kd oyÜK&od trS&D Ny;D ? pum;vk;H tenf;i,fjzifY
pma&;ol em;vnfoabmayguf ÓPfa&mufovdk wdu k sO;f vd&k if; ½Si;f vif;
wifjytyfygonf/
½Sif;vif;csuf&vsif tcufonf tcuftjzpfrS aygufxGuf
yGiaYf y:&ef jzpfonf/
omoemYtcufBu;D av;yg;-[k ynm½Sw d u Ykd qdMk u\/ ,if;wdrYk mS -
opömtcuf? owå0gtcuf? y#doaE¨tcuf? y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'ftcufwYkd
jzpf\/
þusrf;wGif opömodol oyÜK&doudk trSD&ojzifY opömtcuf
iky"f gwfay:atmif zGiq Yf akd zmfxw
k x f m;ygonf/
]okw0g t&d,om0aum}ESifYtnD okw½Sd t&d,mom0ursm;
qifyY mG ; jzpfay:Edik Mf uygapownf;/ /
q&mBuD;OD;pdk;atmif
( opt? "r®mp&d,? bDat )
1364ckESpf waygif;vjynfh
2003ckESpf rwfv 17 &uf

024 DhammacekkaUSosAung

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

You might also like

024 DhammacekkaUSosAung

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

024 DhammacekkaUSosAung

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

"r®pMumnTejf ycsuf 1

q&mBu;D OD;pd;k atmif

pOf taMumif;t&m pmrsuEf mS

2/ opömav;yg;udk y&rw¬EiS Yf t&aumufrmS ;Mu

t[dwpf w d rf sm;? avmuDBu, d mpdwrf sm;? Owkç tm[m&ç pdwrf sm;

avmuü bk&m;oQiw f pfyg;wnf;om q&mr½So d l ]o,rÇL} jzpfí?

0dZmÆ r*¾if jynfph u Hk mrQjzif?Y p&Pr*¾if jynfpu Hk mrQjzifY r*fzv

tumvdu? taMumif;uHEiS Yf tusKd ;0dygufwYkd wqufwnf; jzpf

(tbd"r®mwGifvnf; o[Zmwur®ESifY ememu©Pduur®wdkYudk

r*¾i½f pS yf g; yGm;aeaomolonf 'kut © &d,opömudk ykid ;f jcm;odonf

'ku©t&d,opömü Ak'¨a[mMum;onfh ZmwdçZ&mçr&P 'ku©wdkY

þusrf;u nTefjyonfhtwdkif; vdkufemtm;xkwfolrsm;onf

xdaYk MumifY ]"r®puúy0wåeokweå }f a'oemusr;f udk trsm;a0ae,s

ed'gef; tpGe;f ESpyf g;u ud, k xf nf r*¾i½f pS yf g; ay:vGiaf tmif azmfjy

twå u d v rxmEk a ,m*? twå + ud v rx+tEk a ,m*-

(½lybm0emonf onm0d&m*bm0em jzpf\/ umrudpk v JG ef;onfh

t½lybm0emonf ½ly0d&m*bm0em jzpf\/ (½lybm0emjzifY

6/ b0ok;H yg;? wPSmok;H yg;

,if;umr*kPw f &m;wdu Yk vlwt Ykd m; csr;f omqif;&Jukd jzpfap\/

½lyb0onf umraMumifjY zpfrnfh 'kur© S Nird ;f at;oGm;aomfvnf;

umr"gwfrsm; Nidrf;oGm;onfhtwGuf taumif;tqdk;? tusdK;ç

þum; ½ky½f yI mG ;ol ½ly0g'Dorm;\ aemufq;Hk vu©Pm jzpf\/

½l y bm0em yG m ;rsm;ol t m; r*¾ i f ½ S p f y g;rjynf h / or® m 0gpm?

]e 0dZÆaEÅw¬ 0d&wD Buda,okp r[*¾aw} (tbd"r®w¬o*F[)

awmudkMunfhaomolonf awm-[lí pifppfr½Sd/ opfyifrsm;om

t½lybm0em yGm;olonf txnf0w¬K or®KwdopömrSeforQ

vmMu\/ y&rw¬"r®w\ Ykd aMumufz, G ?f vefzY ,

y&rw¬"r®w\ Ykd qdwof Ok ;f &m oknw"gwfoYkd qdu k \ f / xdo

umrvlom;wGif raumif;rIymG ;í csr;f omuif;aeonfh tyg,f

vlo;Hk pm;wdwYk iG f wpfpm;xufwpfpm; tqifjY rifMY u\/ tedrt Yf jrifY

t½lybm0em yGm;olrsm;onf avmuBu;D udk ajymif;jyefjriforl sm;

t½lytjrif½o dS w l u Ykd ½kyef mrfonf 'kuj© zpf\? vlonf ½kyef mrfwYkd

þt,ltqonf Ak'b ¨ &k m;oQi\

xdaYk MumifY bk&m;oQiof nf yOö0*¾w D EYkd iS Yf awGUaomtcg tusirYf mS ;

xdkESpfrsdK;wGif umrokcv’dumEka,m* tusifYudkum; odvG,f

,cktcg twåuv d rxmEka,m*tusi\ Yf t&udk a&iky?f wk;H cke?f

or®m0gpm- tpGe;f vGwjf zifY tajymrSe?f

or®m0g,mr- tpGe;f vGwjf zifY BuKd ;pm;rSe?f

"r®pMuma'oem\ ud, k xf nfonf þr*¾i½f pS yf g;yif jzpf\/

"r® p Mumw&m;\vd k & if ; um; r*¾ i f ½ S p f y g;jzpf í r*¾ i f ½ S p f y g;

13/ vlvcl si;f wkjYH yefrI

14/ wkjYH yefrI trSm;trSef

15/ or®m'd|d tpGe;f vGwaf om tjrifreS f

a0'emcHpm;rIqif;&Juu kd m; vlwikd ;f odí b0qif;&Jurkd l vlwikd ;f

xdkYaMumifY ]b0}-t&udk vl\ vGefusL;onfh udk,fçEIwfçESvkH;?

y&rw¬opömonf tajccHt½Sd trnf? tpdw½f dS jzpf\/

t½lytwåuv d rxorm;u taumifj'yf0w¬K[o l nf txif

rZÑrd y#dy'gorm; or®m'd|t d v,fvrf;tjrif½o dS u

tpdwftjrif½Sdolonf a&çajrçawmçawmif vlçwd&pämefponfh

trItjrifu aumif;-raumif; ESprf sKd ;jrif\/ raumif;rIukd y,fí

or®mr*¾if½SpfcsufwGif or®m'd|dtrIjrifonf a½SUqkH;ujzpfí

or®m'd|dESifY or®mouFyÜonf ynmu©E¨r*¾if? ynmtpk0ifr*¾if

19/ or®m0gpm tpGe;f vGwaf omtajymrSef

20/ or®mur®EÅ tpGe;f vGwaf om tjyKreS f

raemuHqdk;okH;yg; azmufjym;aeol\ udk,fvuf[efyef tae

r*¾i½f pS yf g;onf yGm;rsm;&rnfh bma0wAÁupd ö ½S\ d / yGm;rsm;&rnfh

yOö*o F v D ? t|*Fov D ? 0de,oDvrsm;um; umv? Xme?ya,m*

bm0emoDvjzpfonfh r*¾if½Spfyg;0if or®m0gpm? or®mur®EÅ?

0dZmÆ r¾if jynfph u Hk mrQjzif?Y p&Pr¾if jynfpu Hk mrQjzifY r*fzv

twå u d v rxmEk a ,m? twå + ud v rx+tEk a ,m-

]e 0dZÆaEÅw¬ 0d&wD Buda,okp r[¾aw} (tbd"r®w¬oF[)

"r® p Mumw&m;\vd k & if ; um; r¾ i f ½ S p f y g;jzpf í r¾ i f ½ S p f y g;

or®m'd|dESifY or®mouFyÜonf ynmu©E¨r¾if? ynmtpk0ifr¾if

yOöo F v D ? t|Fov D ? 0de,oDvrsm;um; umv? Xme?ya,m*

cspw f wfonfh qE´&mwPSm r½Sad om 0d&myk*Kd¾ vt f m; tcspcf &H

r¾t&d,opömü r¾i½f pS yf g;onf 'kuN© ird ;f aMumif;opöm[k odaom