1

ocifvkyfrSmvm;? uRefcHrSmvm; /

udk,fhrif;udk,fhcsif;? udk,fhxD;udk,fheeff; jrefrmEdkifiH

jrefrmwdo
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udk tvGeaf v;pm; wefz;kd xm;cJMh uonf/ c&pfouú&mZf (1044)ckEpS w f iG f yxrjrefrmEdik if aH wmfBu;D
udk taemf&xmrif;Bu;D uvnf;aumif;? (1551)ckEpS w f iG f 'kw, d jrefrmEdik if aH wmfBu;D udk bk&ifah emif
rif;BuD;uvnf;aumif;? (1752)ckESpfwGif wwd,jrefrmEdkifiHawmfBuD;udk tavmif;bk&m;rif;BuD;
uvnf;aumif; wnfaxmifcJhonf/ xdktcsdefrsm;u EdkifiHonf wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk; nDñGwfrI
½Sdonf? pD;yGm;a&;tiftm; awmifhwif;onf? wyfrawmftiftm; awmifhwif;onf? ywf0ef;usif
EdkifiHrsm;u av;pm;cefYjim;&onf/ xdkumvrsm;u EdkifiHawmf\ tifyg,me,ferdwfudk ordkif;udk
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Ykd rl sKd ; rdrw d EYkd ikd if o
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uRef j zpf c J h a omumvrsm;

c&pfouú&mZf 1824ckEpS w f iG f NAw

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jzpfyGm;cJhonf/ &cdkif? &rf;NAJ? oHwGJ? rmeffatmif? a&;? Nrdwf? xm;0,fESifh weoFm&Da'orsm;udk
odrf;ydkufcHcJh&onf/

c&pfouú&mZf 1852ckESpfwGif NAdwdoQudkvdkeD\ usL;ausmfppf? 'kwd,t*Fvdyf-jrefrm

ppfyGJ jzpfyGm;NyD;? atmufjrefrmEdkifiH qHk;½IH;chJ&onf/ odrf;ydkufcHcJh&onf/

c&pfouú&mZf 1885ckESpfwGif NAdwdoQudkvdkeD\ usL;ausmfppf? wwd,t*Fvdyf-jrefrm

ppfyGJ jzpfyGm;NyD;? wpfEdkifiHvHk; qHk;½IH;cJh&onf/ jrefrmwdkY wefbdk;xm;? av;pm;cJhaom jrefrmxD;eef;?
vGwv f yfa&;? tcsKyt f jcmtmPm? e,fajrydik q f ikd rf t
I m;vH;k ysuo
f Ok ;f vsuf ESpaf ygif;wpf&mausmf
uRefomru uRefatmufoabmuf jzpfcJh&onf/

vGwfvyfa&;ESifh tcsKyftjcmtmPm

tajrmftjrifBuD;rm;aom wdkif;&if;om;acgif;aqmifrsm; yl;aygif;BudK;yrf;tm;xkwfrI?

jynfolyg0ifaom wyfrawmf\ pGrf;pGrf;wrH tm;xkwfBudK;yrf;rIaMumifh? wdkif;&if;om;
pnf;vHk;nDñGwfrI\ &vmbftjzpf 1947ck? azazmf0g&Dv (12)&ufaeYwGif yifvHkpmcsKyf csKyfqdk
EdkifcJhNyD;? 1948ck? Zefe0g&Dv (4)&ufaeYwGif vGwfvyfaomtcsKyftjcmtmPmydkif jrefrmEdkifiH
jzpfxeG ;f vmcJo h nf/ odaYk omf Adv
k u
f sp;kd rd;k cH&rIaMumifh Edik if aH wmf\ e,ferdwt
f csKd U qH;k ½I;H cJ&h onf/
(1752)ckESpfESifh (1948)ckESpf jrefrmEdkifiHajryHkudk ESdKif;,SOf odjrifEdkifygonf/
 2

jzwfoef;cJh&aom twdwfumvrsm;

1949ckEpS w f iG f jrefrmEdik if H ta&SUydik ;f a'orsm; ulrifwefusL;ausmrf u I kd jynfol yg0ifaom

wyfrawmfu atmifjrifpmG wdu k cf u kd f armif;xkwcf &hJ onf/ 1958ckEpS w
f iG f Edik if aH &;ygwDtcsi;f csi;f
aoG;uGw J ukd cf u
kd rf aI Mumifh vGwv f yfa&;qH;k ½I;H rnft h a&; jzpfvmcJo
h jzifh wyfrawmfu Edik if aH wmfukd
xdef;odrf;ay;cJh&onf/ 1962ckESpfwGif e,fcsJU\aoG;xdk;rIaMumifh? vGwfvyfa&; qHk;½IH;rnfhta&;
wkdif;jynfNydKuGJrnfhta&; jzpfvmí wyfrawmfu EdkifiHawmfudk xdef;odrf; wm0ef,lcJh&jyefonf/
1988ckESpfwGifvnf; vufbuf&nfqdkif &efjzpfrIupí? e,fcsJUaoG;xdk;rIaMumifh jynfoltrsm;
vrf;ay:a&muf qE´jy? qlylzsufqD;rIrsm;jzpfNyD;? wkdif;jynfNydKuGJrnfhta&;? tcsKyftjcmtmPm
qH;k ½I;H rnft
h a&;rsm; jzpfay:vmojzif?h wyfrawmfu Edik if aH wmfukd xde;f odr;f cJ&h jyefonf/ 1988ckEpS f
rS ,aeYtxd wyfrawmfonf? vHkNcHKa&;? wnfNidrfat;csrf;a&;? pD;yGm;wdk;wufa&;? vlom;
t&if;tjrpf zGHNzdK;a&; paom udpö&yfrsm; tm;oGefcGefpdkuf aqmif&GufcJhojzifh EdkifiHawmf\
zGHNzdK;wdk;wufrIonf 1948ckESpfrS 1988ckESpf? tESpf(40) umvESifh EdSKif;qvQif 1988ckESpf rS
2005ckESpf? (17)ESpfumvtwGif; wdk;wufrIonf tqaygif;rsm;pGm omvGefwdk;wufonfudk
awGU&rnf jzpfonf/

acwfESifhavsmfnDaom EkdifiHawmf\vHkjcHKa&; (National Security)

,aeYEikd if aH wmf\ trdsK;om;a&;&nfreS ;f csuf (National Goal)onf ]]at;csr;f om,mNy;D

acwfrDzGHNzdK;wdk;wufaom 'Drdkua&pDEdkifiHawmf jzpfay:a&;}} jzpfonf/ uREkfyfwdkY\ trsdK;om;
tusdK;pD;yGm; (National Interests) rSm jynfaxmifpkrNydKuGJa&;? wdkif&if;om;pnf;vHk;nDñGwfrI
rNydKuGJa&;? EdkifiHawmftcsKyftjcmtmPm wnfwhHcdkifNrJa&;? trdsK;*kPf? Zmwd*kPfjrifhrm;a&;?
rsdK;cspfpdwf"mwf &Sifoefxufjrufa&;? EdkifiHawmfzGHNzdK;wdk;wufa&;ESifh acwfrDzGHNzdK;wdk;wufaom
acwfrED ikd if aH wmfBu;D jzpfay:vma&;wdYk jzpfonf/ uREykf w f \
Ykd trsKd ;om;tusKd ;pD;yGm;udk atmifjrif
atmif vkyfaqmifrnfh vkyfief;rSeforQ? trsdK;om;tusdK;pD;yGm; zsufqD;rIrsm;udk umuG,f&rnfh
udpörSeforQonf uREfkyfwdkY\ EdkifiHawmfvHkjcHKa&; (National Security) yifjzpfonf/ vHkjcHKa&;
(Security) [kajymvQif vltrsm;wdu Yk vufeufuikd t f zGUJ tpnf;ESio hf m qdik o
f nf[k ,lqMuonf/
zmodzmom aeMuonf/ ,ck trdsK;om;vHNk cKH a&;? Edik if aH wmfvNkH cKH a&; (National Security)onf?
vufeufudkiftzGJYtpnf; wpfckwnf;ESifh qdkifaomudpör[kwf? jrefrmEdkifiHtwGif; aexdkifMuaom
jynfolvlxktm;vHk;? wdkif;&if;om;tm;vHk;ESifhqdkifaom udpöBuD; jzpfonf/ uREkfyfwdkYtm;vHk;
wm0ef½Sdygonf? uREfkyfwdkY tm;vHk; 0dkif;vkkyfMu&rnf jzpfygonf/
 3

trsdK;om;tusdK;pD;yGm; (National Interests) ES i f h EdkifiHawmfvHkNcHKa&;

(National Security) udk avhvmjcif;

NAw
d o
d Qwo
Ykd nf urÇmtESUH e,fcsUJ ? odr;f ydu
k ?f uRejf yK? 4if;wd\
Yk "etiftm;? pD;yGm; wd;k wufatmif
vkycf MhJ upOfu 4if;wd\ Yk National Interests rSm urÇmBu;D udk ,Ofaus;atmif jyKvyk &f ef jzpfonf/
xdk National Interests udak tmifjrifatmif vkyMf u&if; uREykf w f EYkd pS af ygif; (100)ausmf uReaf tmuf
oabmuf jzpfvsuf vGwv f yfa&;ESihf tcsKyt f jcmtmPm qH;k ½I;H cJ&h onf/

4if;umvonf yxrurÇmppfEiS hf 'kw, d urÇmppf umvjzpfonf/ xdt k csed u

f tar&duef
EdkifiH\ National Interests rSm ]]trdajrudk umuG,f&ef}} (Protection of American
Homeland) oufouf jzpfonf/ 'kwd,urÇmppfNyD;aomtcg tar&duefwdkY\ National
Interests rSm ajymif;vJomG ;cJo
h nf/ trdajrudk umuG,&f eftjyif tar&duef\wefb;kd (Ameri-
can Values) ESihf 'Dru
kd a&pDukd toH;k cs&ef? 'Drdkua&pDudk EdkifiHa&;ESifh pdwf"mwfa&;&m vdktyfcsuf
tjzpf urÇmhtpdwftydkif; tm;vHk;wGif oGwfoGif;&ef? jyKpkydsK;axmif&ef jzpfvmcJhonf/ Ameri-
tjzp
can Values udk tajccHtcsuf (6)csufjzifh azmfjyonf -

(1) udk,fydkifqHk;jzwfcGifh½Sdjcif;? tpdk;&wpfckudk vGwfvyfpGma&G;cs,fwifajrmufjcif;/

(2) tjcm;olu
l 0kd efxyk 0f efy;kd rjzpfapbJ vlwpfO;D csi;f onf pD;yGm;a&;? Edik if aH &;ponfwu
Ydk kd
Oya'ESifhtnD vGwfvyfpGm aqmif&Gwfjcif;/

(3) rl0g'ESifhtqHk;tjzwfrsm;udk yGifhvif;pGm jyKvkyfEdkifjcif;ESifh 4if;twGuf jynfolonf

t"dutqHk;tjzwf tmPmydkifol jzpfjcif;/

(4) EdkifiHwumywf0ef;usifü 4if;wdkY\ rl0g'ESifh tajymif;tvJrsm;onf txufyg

(3)csut f ay: rlwnfNy;D ? 4if;tcsu(f 3)ckEiS hf rudu
k n
f v
D si?f trdajrudu
k muG,&f ef
vdktyfvsif rwufomonfhtqHk; ]ppfyGJ} udk vufcHusifhoHk;rnf jzpfjcif;/

(5) 4if; American Values udu k muG,&f efEiS hf jyKpyk sd K;axmifay;&ef? tjcm;Edik if rH sm;\
Values onf 4if ; wd k Y American ValuesES i f h o[Zmwjzpf v Qif 4if ; ud k
taumif;qHk; Values tjzpf EdkifiHwumwGif toHk;csjcif;/

(6) vlom;csif; pmemaxmufxm;jcif;/

xdkYaMumifh tcsKyftm;jzifhqdk&vQif urÇmhEdkifiHrsm;odkY American Values udkoGwfoGif;&ef?

jyKpkysdK;axmifay;&ef? 'Drdkua&pDESifh vltcGifhta&;? vlom;csif;pmemaxmufxm;rIudk toHk;cs&ef
 4

oGwo
f iG ;f &ef? þenf;udo
k ;kH Ny;D urÇmEh ikd if rH sm;? tpdwt
f ydik ;f toD;oD;\ tiftm;udk cefrY eS ;f &efonf
tar&duefEdkifiH\ tudsK;pD;yGm; (National Interests) jzpfonf/

tar&duefonf 4if;\ tusKd ;pD;yGm; atmifjrif&eftwGuf vkyaf qmifrnfh tar&duefEikd if H

vHjk cKH a&; (National Security)wGif rl0g'ESihf vkyif ef;pOfukd csrw S &f mü vdt k yfvQif ppftiftm;udk
toH;k csrnf/ Edik if jH cm;a&; rl0g'tjzpf? tay;t,loabmtjzpf ñSEd KdS i;f oabmwlncD suf &,ljcif;?
ñdES KdS i;f aqG;aEG;jcif;? oHwrefqikd &f m enf;vrf;tpHk toH;k csjcif;wdu
Yk kd jyKvyk rf nf/ vHjk cKH a&;rl0g'ESihf
OD;pm;ay;rIudkMunfhvQif -

(1) tar&dueftrdajrudk umuG,fjcif;ESifh 4if;\EdkifiHa&;pepfudk qufvuf&Sifoef

apjcif;?

(2) 'Dru
kd a&pDpepfEiS hf yGiv
hf if;rIukd wd;k csUJ jcif;? xde;f odr;f jcif;? jyefyY mG ;atmif jyKpyk sd K;axmif
jcif;wdkY jyKvkyfrnf/

4if;vHkjcHKa&;rl0g'\ tpDtpOfvkyfief;pOfrSm -

(1) Vital Interest tjzpf trdajrudk umuG,f&mwGif ppftiftm;pnf;½kH;rIESifh EdkifiH\

o,HZmw pGrf;tm;rsm;udk tpGrf;ukef toHk;csrnf/

(2) Critical Interest tjzpf 'Drdkua&pDpepfudk jyKpkysdK;axmifwdk;csJUrnf/

(3) Serious Interest tjzpf ta&;omaom? tompD;&aom tajctaeudk zefwD;

rnf/ zefw;D ír&vQif 'Dru
kd a&pDta&;udk Ncrd ;f ajcmufonfh tajctae[k oH;k oyf
aqmif&Gufrnf/

(SAM C.SARKESIAN \ US NATIONAL SECURITY - POLICYMAKERS,

PROCESSES and POLITICS pmtkyfudk udk;um;ygonf)/

þodkYqdkvQif tar&duefonf 4if;\ National Values, National Interests ESifh

National Security udk rnfodkY rl0g'csrSwf aqmif&Gufaeonfudk odEdkifNyD jzpfonf/

urÇmv h jkH cKH a&;? tar&duefEikd if \ H vHjk cKH a&;udk Ncrd ;f ajcmufonf? 'Dru kd a&pD &½Sad tmif pDpOf
ay;&rnf [laom National Security rl0g'jzifh tar&duefESifh taygif;tygwdkYonf tmzuef
epöwefEiS hf tD&wfEikd if uH kd wdu
k cf u
kd o
f rd ;f ydu
k cf &hJ m 'Dru
kd a&pD&½So d mG ;Ny?D jynfou l vGwvf yfpmG a&G;cs,f
wifajrmufaom tpd;k &rsm; jzpfomG ;Ny?D vlUtcGit hf a&;rsm; &½SNd y[ D k aMujimaeaomfvnf; 4if;Edik if H
rsm;wGif rD;[kef;[kef; awmufvsuf? aeYpOfwdkufcdkufrI? azmufcGJrIrsm;jzpfvsuf? jynfoltrsm;
aomif;csDí aoausysufpD;vsuf ½Sdonf/
 5

jrefrmEdik if u H v kd nf; yx0DEikd if aH &;t& ta&;ygrI? r[mAsL[musru I Mkd unfí h enf;rsKd ;pHjk zifh
zsuq f ;D &ef BuKd ;pm;vsuf ½So d nf/ jynfya&muf tMurf;zuforl sm;tkypf u k kd toH;k jyKvsu?f toHviT hf
rD'D,mtrsdK;rsdK;udk toHk;jyKvsuf jynfwGif;EdkifiHa&;orm; qdkolrsm;ESifh twdkifazmufnDpGm
jrefrmEdik if EH iS hf ywfoufí vlUtcGit hf a&;? t"r®apcdik ;f rI? uav;ppfom;? uav;oli,ftcGit hf a&;?
t"r®ajymif;a&TUaprI? 'kuo © nfrsm;? a&TUajymif;aexdik Mf uaom vkyo f m;rsm;tajctae? vluek u f ;l rI?
rk'def;rI? trsdK;orD;tcGifhta&;? ½kH;rwifbJ w&m;pD&ifrI? ½dkufESufnSif;yef;rI? wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;pk
tcGifhta&;? pm;eyf&du©m rvHkavmufrI? ynma&;? usef;rma&; tcGifhtvrf;rsm;? bmoma&;
,HkMunfudk;uG,frI vGwfvyfcGifh? vGwfvyfpGm azmfxkwfa&;om; ajymqdkcGifh? vGwfvyfpGm oif;yif;
zGUJ pnf; xlaxmifciG ?hf ajrjrK§ yrf ikd ;f rsm;? rl;,pfaq;0g;xkwv f yk rf ?I Edik if aH &; jyKjyifajymif;vJr?I trsKd ;om;
nDvmcH paom pGypf x JG ;kd ESucf surf sm; wpfcNk y;D wpfcuk kd oD;jcm;jyKvsu?f a&marTvsu?f taMumif;t&m
trdsK;rsKd ;jzifh pGypf vJG suf ½So d nf/ t"durSm 4if;\ Values qdo k nfrsm;ESihf 'Dru kd a&pD? yGiv hf if;jcif;
qdkonfrsm;udk oGwfoGif;vsuf? jynfolrsm;udk em;a,mifapvsuf vdk&myHkoGif;&ef BudK;pm;jcif;om
jzpfonf/ 4if;wdkYajymonfh vlom;csif; pmemaxmufxm;rIqdkonfudk ay;&efr½Sd? 4if;wdkYtwGuf
tudsK;r½So d rQ azmfjyyg pGypf cJG surf sm;onf enf;trsKd ;rsKd ;jzifh ae&m½Ia'gift h rsKd ;rsKd ;rS wpfcNk y;D wpfck
vmvdrfhrnf/ taMumif;t&mtopfrsm;vnf; vmcsifvmvdrfhOD;rnf/ vmorQonf olYEdkifiH\
tudsK;pD;yGm;twGuf vkyfaejcif; jzpfonf/ udk,fhEdkifiH\ tudsK;pD;yGm;twGuf vkyfaejcif;r[kwf/
jrefrmEdik if o H m;rsm;onf jrefrmEdik if t H udsK;pD;yGm;twGuf olu Y t kd m;ay;rvm;/ ud, k vf yk o
f ifw h mudk
vkyfrvm; pOf;pm;oifhygonf/

2006 ckESpf? rwfvxkwf tar&duefEdkifiH\ vHkjcHKa&;r[mAsL[m

National Security Strategy ud k avh v mjcif ;

,ckEpS wf iG t
f ar&duef\vHjk cKH a&;r[mAsL[mudk oH;k oyfa&;om;xkwjf yef&mwGif tar&duef
\ wefbdk; American Values udk av;pm;vmMuap&efESifh 4if;trdajrudk umuG,f&eftwGuf
Ekid if w
H um OD;aqmifrt I oGijf zifh tar&duefonf urÇmBu;D udk vGwv f yfrI ydrk &kd &S&d ef BuKd ;yrf;rnf
jzpfNyD; xdkodkY BudK;pm;aqmif&Guf&mwGif t"r®tkyfpdk;jcif;udk tqHk;owf&ef (4if;wdkYrBudKufaom
tpd;k &rsm;udk NzKwcf s ½Si;f vif;jcif;oabm) ESihf 'Dru
kd a&pDukd xda&mufpmG wd;k jri§ t
hf oH;k cs&ef [laom
aoe*FAsL[mudk toHk;jyKrnf jzpfonf/

t"r®tkyfpdk;jcif;udk tqHk;owfaprnf [laom &nfreS ;f csu?f taMumif;jycsujf zif?h &ufpuf

Murf;MuKwjf cif;? qif;&JraJG wjcif;? rwnfrNird jf zpfaejcif;? vmbfpm;jcif;? cHpm;aeMu&jcif;? tmPm&Sif
tpd;k &\ tkycf sKyrf aI tmufwiG f ae&jcif; qdak om tcsurf sm;udk ajrmufu&kd ;D ,m;? tD&ef? qD;&D;,m;?
usL;bm;? bDvm½kpf? jrefrm? ZbFmabG EdkifiHrsm;&Sd jynfolrsm;odatmif vkyfay;rnf/ t"r®
 6

tkyfpdk;jcif;rSwqifh tMurf;zufrIrsm; jzpfEdkifNyD; urÇm\tusKd;pD;yGm;ESifh tar&dueftudsK;pD;yGm;udk

xdcdkufaponf[k vdk&mqGJ,l azmfxkwfjcif;jzifh urÇmhwdkufBuD;rsm;? EdkifiHrsm;u wefzdk;xm;aom
,Ofaus;rI tpOftvmrsm;onf tar&duef'Drkdua&pDESifh Values ukd ,kHMunfvmap&rnf/

'Drkdua&pDukd xda&mufpGm wkd;jr§ifhtokH;jyKjcif;ukd aqmif½Guf&mwGif vlUtcGifhta&;?

vGyfvyfpGm ukd;uG,fcGifh? odjrifcGifh? a[majymjcif;? pka0;jcif;? zGJUpnf;jcif;? a&;om;xkwfa0jcif;?
bufrvkdufaom w&m;pD&ifrSK? tjypfay; ta&;,lrSKrsm;? tpkd;&rsm;rS vlrSKa&;toif;? tzGJU
tpnf;rsm;ukd uefYowfrSKrsm;wkdYukd (ypfrSwftjzpfxm;aom) EkdifiHom;rsm; pdwf0ifpm;apvsuf?
qE´jyapjcif;? tpkd;&tajymif;tvJ jzpfapjcif;rsm; jzpfay:aprnf/

¤if;r[mAsL[mESpfckukd aqmif½Guf&mwGif tar&duefonf azmfjyyg EkdifiHa&;? pD;yGm;a&;?

oHwrefa&;ESifh tjcm;tpDtrH tm;vkH;ukd tokH;csrnf jzpfonf -

(1) vlUtcGifhta&;ukd roifhravsmf tokH;csonf[k qefYusifaprnf/

(2) EkdifiHrsm;rS 'Drkdua&pDjyKjyifajymif;vJa&;orm;rsm;ukd tm;ay;rnf? tqifhjrifh

awGUqkHyGJrsm; tdrfjzLawmf? tpkd;&? tar&duefoH½kH;wkdYü jyKvkyfay;rnf/

(3) vGyfvyfpGm a½G;cs,fwifajr§mufjcif;? w&m;Oya'pkd;rkd;jcif;? t&yfom;tzGJUtpnf;

rsm;u? vlUtcGifhta&;? trsKd;orD;tcGifhta&;? owif;vGwfvyfcGifh? vGwfvyfpGm
uk;d uG,cf iG hf wk;d wufaqmif½u
G &f ef udprö sm;twGuf Ekid if jH cm; taxmuftyYaH y;rnf/

(4) 'Drkdua&pD tokdif;t0kdif;\ vlUtcGifhta&;udpö&yftwGuf ppfwyf\ tultnD

taxmuftyHYESifh avhusifhay;rIrsm;? xdef;csKyfrIrsm; aqmif½Gufay;rnf/

(5) ypfrSwfxm;aom EkdifiHtwGuf ydwfqkdYrIenf;vrf;ukd tokH;csrnf/

(6) ypfrSwfxm;aom EkdifiHukd tjcm;EkdifiHtpkd;&rsm;uyg tultnD taxmuftyHY

ray;atmif aqmif½Gufrnf/

(7) rdwfaqGjzpfaom 'Drkdua&pDEkdifiH tpkd;&rsm;ukdvnf; ypfrSwfxm;aom EkdifiHukd

vGwfvyfrI? 'Drkdua&pDESifh vlUtcGifhta&; wkd;jr§ifha&;udpö wGef;tm;ay;ckdif;rnf/

(8) 'Drkdua&pDokdY a½S;½I ajcvSrf;paeaom ta½SUtv,fykdif;ESifh ajrmuftmz&du

EkdifiHrsm;okdY 'Drkdua&pD&HykHaiG axmufyHYrnf/

(9) tpk;d &r[kwaf om tzGUJ tpnf;rsm;ESihf t&yfom;tzGUJ tpnf;rsm;ukd rdwaf qGjyKvsuf

¤if;wkdY\ vkyfief;rsm;ukd axmufultm;jznfhay;rnf/
 7

(10) EkdifiHwumtzGJUtpnf;rsm;jzpfaom ukvor*¾? a'oqkdif&mtzGJUtpnf;rsm;

(African Union - AU ponfjzif)h wkEYd iS hf 'Dru
dk a&pD wk;d wufwnfaqmufjcif;ukd
twlwuG vufwGJvkyfaqmifrnf/

(11) vlUtcGit hf a&;ESihf 'Dru

dk a&pDudk pHwifavmufatmif csK;d azmufaeaom tzGUJ tpnf;
rsm;ukd a0zef½IHUcsrIrsm; jyKvkyfrnf/

(12) w&m;Oya'pkd;rkd;jcif;? vmbfpm;rIrsm; wkdufzsufjcif;? 'Drkdua&pDukd wm0efcH

azmfaqmifjcif; jyKvkyfaeaom EkdifiHrsm;ukd EkdifiHjcm; &if;ESD;jr§yfESHrIrsm;? EkdifiHjcm;
taxmuftyHYrsm; &½Sda&; tm;ay;aqmif½Gufrnf/

(13) txufyg vkyfaqmifaeaom EkdifiHrsm;ukd vGwfvyfpGm ukefoG,fcGifh oabm

wlnDcsuf (Free Trade Agreement - FTAs)) tm;ay;aqmif½Gufay;rnf/

tar&duefEkdifiH\ vkHjcHKa&; aoe*FAsL[m azmfjycsufrsm;u ½Sif;ygonf? 4if;wdkY\ tudsK;

pD;yGm;twGuf jrefrmtygt0if azmfjycJhaomEdkifiHrsm;tm; txufygtwdkif; ay:wiffusifhoHk;rnf
jzpfygonf/

þodkYqdkvQif uREkfyfwdkY jrefrmEdkifiHBuD;udk zGHNzdK;wdk;wufaom 'Drdkua&pDEdkifiHawmf jzpfay:

apcsifolrsm;onf rdrdwdkYtudsK;pD;yGm;udk rdrdwdkY wnfaqmufumuG,f&rnfom jzpfygonf/ rdrdwdkY
wdkif;oljynfom;rsm;? wdkif;&if;om;rsm;uom wpfpnf;wpfvHk;wnf;aom pnf;vHk;nDñGwfrI
tiftm;jzifh 'Drdkua&pDEdkifiHawmfudk wnfaqmufMu&ayrnf/ ESpfaygif;&mcsDí rdrdwdkYtay:
raumif;cJholrsm;onf 4if;wdkYtvdkus rjzpfoa½GU rdrdwdkYtay: aumif;vdrfhrnfr[kwf/ ¤if;wdkY
tvdkus jzpfvQifvnf; aumif;vdrfhrnf[k ,HkMunfír&/

rdrdwdkYjrefrmEdkifiHudk ESpfaygif;axmifcsDí þwdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;pkrsm;jzifh wnfaqmuf

cJMh uonf/ ud, k yf ikd v
f w
G v
f yfa&;? tcsKyt f csmtmPm? Edik if yH ikd ef uf e,ferdw?f uk, d yf idk ,
f Ofaus;rI
xk;H wrf; tpOftvmrsm;½Sad om Edik if jH zpfonf/ &J&ifzh swv f wf vsijf refaom cdik rf monfh qH;k jzwfcsuf
csEdkifonfh todÓPfjrifhrm;aom EdkifiHom;rsm;½Sdonf/ o,HZmwt&if;tjrpfrsm;pGm ½Sdonf?
wpfpnf;wpfv;kH wnf; pkpnf;nDñw G pf mG jzifh BuKd ;pm;½Ho
k m ½So
d nf/ rdrwd \
Ykd trsKd ;om;tudsK;pD;yGm;udk
rdrdwdkYbJ umuG,f&rnf? atmifjrifatmif wnfaqmuf&rnf/ jrefrmhwefbdk; ( Myanmar
Values) udk oufqHk;wdkif xdef;odrf;Mu&rnf/

ocifvkyfrSmvm;? uRefcHrSmvm;? ar;p&mrvdk/ uREkfyfwdkYonf ocif jzpfonf/

(aZmfAdkvf)