ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD.

taxGaxGvkyfief;pOf
(tajctaeESifhtnDðyjyifxm;onf)

ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD
A[dk0g'jzef@csda&;Xmeu xkwfa0onf?
rwf/ 2007?
awmfveS af &; pdw"f mwfEiS hf awmfveS af &;udk a&S@aqmifEikd rf nfh pnf;vH;k
a&;udk xlaxmif&OD;rnf?
jynfo@l 'rD u
kd a&pDawmfveS af &;. t"du0if±;kd yifrvlwef;pm;
jzpfaom v,form;vlwef;pm;udkvnf; awmfvSefa&;tod/ awmf
vSeaf &; pdw"f mwfEiS hf awmfveS af &;pnf;vH;k r_&adS tmif vky&f OD;rnf?
Twm0ef}uD; 2 &yfudk ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwDu aZmif;
ay;+yD; aZmufcsum vky&f rnf? ArmjynfueG jf rLepfygw.
D taxGaxGvyk if ef;pOf
ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwDu Twm0ef}uD; 2 &yfudk b,fh (tajctaeESifhtnDðyjyifxm;onf)
avmuf atmifatmifjrifjrif xrf;aqmifEdkifrvJ? b,favmuf
tcsed , f rl vJ? 'gawGukd ordik ;f u tqH;k tjzwfay;vdrrhf nf? oEMXd mef 1 ? ygw. D vuQ%m oabmw&m;tajccHEiS hf aemufq;kH &nfreS ;f csu?f
cdkif+rJpGmjzifh toufpGef@&rSm ra=umuf/ tcuftcJukd ra=umufbJ ArmjynfueG jf rLepfygwo D nf Armjynf±ydS pPn;f rJv h wl ef;pm;.
atmify&JG atmif vkyEf ikd zf @kd ta&;}u;D onf? acgi;f aqmifru_ kd tajymESihf pnf;±H;k r_ ±Sod nfh wckwnf;aom wyfO;D ygwjD zpfonf? ArmjynfypPn;f rJh
r[kw/f tvkyEf iS hf jy=u&ayrnf? ? vlwef;pm;. vlwef;pm;tzG@J tpnf;wGif tjrifq h ;kH o¿mefjzpfonf?
ArmjynfueG jf rLepfygwo D nff Edik if w H umhueG jf rLepfvyl ±f m_ ;r_ wyfz@GJ rsm;
teuf wyfz@JG wck jzpfonf?
ArmjynfawmfveS af &;udk acgi;f aqmifonfh tðrawtiftm;
onf ArmjynfueG jf rLepfygwD jzpfonf?
ArmjynfueG jf rLepfygwo D nf rmufp0f g'/ vDeif0g'/ armfpw D ek ;f
tawG;tac:udk rdrt d awG;tac:tm; vrf;!¸eaf om oabmw&m;
tajccHEiS hf vkyif ef;vrf;!ïet f jzpf cH,u l siohf ;kH onf?
ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwDonf rmhufpfvDeif0g'udk umuG,f
rnf? qd&k , S v f pfpepfukd umuG,rf nf?
ArmjynfueG jf rLepfygwo D nf ypPn;f rJEh ikd if w
H umh0g'udk pG+J rJpmG
vdu
k ef musio hf ;kH rnf? wcsed wf nf;wGif awmfveS af om jynfcsp0f g'udk
usifhoHk;rnf?
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 ArmjynfueG jf rLepfygwo D nf urBmay:&Sd rmhupf /f vDeif0g' Oya'ywdkufyJGqdkonfrSm ppfAsL±dku&uf "e&Siftm%m&Sif
ygwDrsm;/ tzJG@tpnf;rsm;ESifhvnf;aumif;/ wurBmvHk;rS ypPnf;rJh pepfudk twdtvif; qef@usifonfh ðyrlv_yf&Sm;r_uav;rsm;rStp
vlwef;pm;rsm;/ tzdESdyfcHjynfolrsm;/ tzdESdyfcHtrsKd;om;rsm;ESifh vufeufuikd f ykeu f efawmfveS rf t _ qH;k tñuH;0ifayonf?
vnf;aumif;/ cdkif+rJpGm aoG;pnf;nD!Gwfum rsufarSmuftcsdefwGif Oya'wGi;f wdu k yf q
GJ okd nfrmS wnfqOJ ya'rsm;udk toH;k cs
Adkvfuspdk;rdk;a&;0g' rSefor#udk qef@usifrnf? urBmh+idrf;csrf;a&;udk um ppfAsL±du k &uf "e&Sit f m%m&Sipf epftpd;k &udk qef@usio f nfh ðyrl
tpGr;f ukef xde;f odr;f umuG,rf nf? usL;ausmrf r_ eS o f r#ukd ‘jynfcsp0f g'’ aqmif&Gufr_ uav;rsm;rStp ppftpdk;&u rwwfomI wcgw&H
udik pf +JG yD; wH@k jyefwu kd cf u
kd rf nf? usif;yavh&Sdaom a&G;aumufyGJ (odk@r[kwf) qENcH,lyGJ/ nDvmcH
ArmjynfueG jf rLepfygwo D nf rmhupf 0f g'/ vDeif0g'/ armfpw D ek ;f ponfrsm;wGif ppftpd;k &udk qef@usiaf om ðyrlvy_ &f mS ;r_tqH;k tm;vH;k
tawG;tac:udk ArmjynfawmfveS af &;. tcdik t f rmvufawG@ tajc odr;f ñuH;I ac:qdjk cif; jzpfonf?
taersm;ESihf rSeu f efpmG aygi;f pyfusiohf ;kH oGm;rnf? yËdyuQrsm; jyif;xefonf;oefvmonfh tcgwdkif;wGif
jynfov l x l o k mv#if urBmo h rdik ;f udk zefw;D onfw h eG ;f tm; tm%m&vlwef;pm;onf jynfolvlxkudk t=urf;zufESdrfeif;avh
jzpfonf[al om tjrifukd ArmjynfueG jf rLepfygwu D vufcu H sio hf ;kH &Scd o
hJ nf? olw@kd onf &mpkEpS w f 0ufcef@r# Ttwdik ;f usio hf ;kH cJo
h nf?
onf? ArmjynfueG jf rLepfygw0D ifrsm;onf vlxx k qJ if;I vlxx k rH S tzdESdyfcHvlwef;pm;rsm;onf rdrdudk,fukdumuG,f&efESifh azmufjyef
avhvmqnf;yl;um vlxk. tawG@t=uHKrsm;udk pkpnf;aygif;csKyf+yD; a&;tpd;k &udk òzzsu&f eftwGuf vufeufuikd f wdu k yf eGJ nf;y&d,m,fukd
ydrk akd umif;rGef pepfusaom oabmw&m;ESihf enf;emrsm;jzpfvmatmif usifhoHk;cJh=uonf? u|efawmfwdk@wdkif;jynf. ordkif;tawG@tñuHt&
vkyI f vlxu k kd 0g'jzef@ v_@H aqmfpnf;±H;k onf? ‘vufeufuikd f wdu k yf ’GJ udk a&G;cs,pf &m a&G;vrf;wcktjzpf t+rJwrf;
ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwDonf rdrd.vkyfief;rsm;wGif csKd@,Gif; xm;&Sd&ayrnf?
r_rsm;ESifh rSm;,Gif;r_rsm;udk zHk;uG,fjcif;rðybJ udk,fhudk,fudka0zefa&;/
a0zefa&;enf;emjzifh rjywfaq;a=um+yD;ðyjyifum ygw0D ifrsm;ESiahf u'g 6? ed*;kH ?
rsm;tm; ynmay;jcif; ðyayonf? tem*wfu xGe;f ajymifonf? csw D uf&rnfch &D;u =urf;wrf;
ArmjynfueG jf rLepfygwD acgi;f aqmifonfh Armjynf awmfveS f onf? cufcJauG@aumufonf? ppftm%m&Sifpepf wnf&Sdaewm
a&;. v_y&f mS ;r_jzpfpOfwiG f jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDawmfveS af &;ESihf qd&k , S f &mpkEpS wf 0uf ESpf 50 &Sad wmhrnf? vG,vf ,G Ef iS hf wdu
k zf suyf pfEikd rf nf[k
vpfawmfveS af &;[lI tqifEh pS cf k yg0ifonf? ‚wd@k onf vuQ%m pdwu
f ;l ,Ofv@kd rjzpfyg?
jcif;rwlonfh awmfveS af &; c&D;pOfEpS &f yf jzpfonf? yxrawmfveS af &; jynfol@'Drdkua&pDawmfvSefa&;. a&S@aqmif vlwef;pm;
c&D;pOf tajccHtm;jzifh +yD;qH;k rSomv#if 'kw, d awmfveS af &;c&D;pOfukd tvkyo f rm; vlwef;pm; (ypPn;f rJv h w
l ef;pm;) udk awmfveS af &;tod/
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t"dutm;jzifu
h m; qd&k ,
S v
f pfawmfveS af &;. vkyif ef;wm0efrsm;udk aqmif±u G Ef ikd af yrnf? jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pD awmfveS af &;onf qd&k , S v f pf
aqmif±Gufrnfjzpfonf? awmfvSefa&;twGuf vdktyfonfh jyifqifr_jzpfI qdk&S,fvpf
awmfvSefa&;onf jynfol@'Drdkua&pDawmfvSefa&;u rkcsa&S@±_oGm;
4? ArmjynfwiG t f yk pf ;kd aom vlwef;pm;.vuQ%m? &rnft h qifh jzpfonf? ArmjynfawmfveS af &;. tqifEh pS cf jk zpfaom
Armjynfonf udv k ekd w
D ydik ;f ya'o&mZfwydik ;f Edik if jH zpfojzifh jynfol@'Dru kd a&pDawmfveS af &;ESihf qd&k , S vf pfawmfveS af &;t=um;wGif
"e&Sif vlwef;pm;taeESifh trsKd;om;"e&Sifvlwef;pm;ESifh vufa0cH r[mwHwikd ;f }uD; jcm;aeonf r[kwfay? Armjynf awmfvSefa&;
"e&Sif vlwef;pm;[lI ESprf sK;d ESppf m; &Sad yonf? jzpfpOfwiG f tqifrh sm;&Sad omfvnf; wckwnf;aom tqufrjywfonfh
ArmjynfwGif tm%m&&Sdaeaom vlwef;pm;onf vufa0cH awmfveS af &;jzpfpOf jzpfayonf?
vuQ%maqmifaom "e&Sif}uD;vlwef;pm; (0g) AsL±dku&uf"e&Sif qdk&S,fvpfvl@tzGJ@tpnf;onf &Snf=umonfh ordkif;umv
vlwef;pm;yif jzpfonf? wckukd jzwfoef;&rnfjzpf+yD;/ qd&k , S v
f pfawmfveS af &;ESihf qd&k ,
S v f pf
rsufarSmufppftpdk;&. vlwef;pm;vuQ%monf e,fcsJ@ wnfaqmufa&; vkyfief;wm0efrsm;udk atmifjrifpGm aqmif±Guf
pepf/ ya'o&mZfajr&Sipf epfEiS hf AsL±du k &uft&if;&Sipf epfukd ud, k pf m;ðyaom Edik af &;twGuf ypPn;f rJt h m%m&Sipf epfukd rkcsxal xmifusio hf ;kH &rnf
ppfAsL±du
k &uf t&if;&Sifvlwef;pm; jzpfayonf? Tvlwef;pm;onf jzpfonf?
jynfo@l 'rD u
kd a&pD awmfveS af &;u wdu k zf su&f rnfh ypfuiG ;f jzpfonf? ArmjynfueG jf rLepfygw. D aemufq;kH &nfreS ;f csuo f nf vlvcl si;f
aoG;pkyrf u _ if;pifaom/ vlwef;pm;r&Sad om uGejf rLepfv@l tzG@J tpnf;udk
5? enf;y&d,m,fvrf;pOfEiS hf t"duwdu k yf oJG ¿mef? xlaxmif&ef jzpfonf?
ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwDonf 1939 ckESpfrS 1945 ckESpf. 2 ? Armjynf. vuf&v dS @l tzG@J tpnf;?
tpydkif;txd ajratmufygwDtzJG@tpnf;tjzpf wnf&SdcJhonf? 1824 ckESpfrwdkifrDu Armjynfonf vGwfvyfaom ya'
zufqpf*syef qef@usiaf &;udk acgi;f aqmifco hJ nf? 1945 ckEpS rf S 1948 o&mZf ajr&Sifpepf wdkif;jynfwjynf jzpfonf? 1885 ckESpfrSp+yD;
ckEpS u
f mvtwGi;f Oya'wGi;f wdu k yf rGJ sm;udk t"duqifE&J$ if; Oya'y Armjynf wjynfvHk;onf t*Fvdyfe,fcsJ@orm;. udkvdkeDEdkifiH jzpfcJh
wduk yf rJG sm;udv
k J t&efwukd yf t
GJ jzpf aygi;f pyfqifEc$J ohJ nf? ayonf? 1948 ckEpS f ZEM0g&v D (4) &ufae@wiG f Armjynfonf Edik if aH &;
avmavmq,fwGif u|efawmfwdk@ygwDonf ajratmuf tm;jzifh vGwv f yfa&;&um pD;yGm;a&;tm;jzifh rScD akd e&aomEdik if H jzpfvm
ygwt D jzpf &yfwnfvsuf Oya'ywdu k yf rGJ smudk t"duqifE&J$ if; Oya' onf?
wGif; wdkufyJGrsm;jzifh aygif;pyfay;onfh enf;y&d,m,fudk usifhoHk;ae azmufjyefa&;tpd;k & tqufqufonf rScD rkd u _ kd tiftm;}uD;
ayonf? Edik if H wcktay:rSmyH+k yD; worwfwnf; vky=f uonf r[kwaf y? ppfa&;
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tajctae wif;rmaev#iw f rsKd ; rwif;rmv#iw f rsKd ;/ Edik if aH &; tajc ua&pD awmfveS af &;onf ypPn;f rJv h w
l ef;pm; acgi;f aqmifonfh tvkyf
tae wif;rmaev#ifwrsdK; rwif;rmv#ifwrsdK;/ pD;yGm;a&;vlr_a&; orm; v,form; r[mrdwfzGJ@r_tay: tajccHaom usefawmfvSef
tusyfawG@aev#ifwrsdK;/ ±ªom±_dufom&Sdv#ifwrsdK; ajymif;vJrSDcdkavh onfh vlwef;pm;toD;oD; yg0ifaom awmfveS af &; jzpfayonf? wcsed f
&Sdonf? wcgw&HwGifum; EdkifiHa&; ppfa&;t& rSDcdkwmu wEdkifiH/ wnf;wGif urBmhypPnf;rJhawmfvSefa&;. tpdwftydkif;w&yfvnf;
vlra_ &;t& rScD w kd mu wEdik if H jzpfavh&odS nf? wpHw k &m wnf+idraf om jzpfayonf?
urBmt h pDtpOf (World Order) &Sad ev#if Tod@k aygi;f pHrk cDS jkd cif;u Armjynf jynfol@'Drdkua&pDawmfvSefa&;onf tajccH
jy\em }uD;}uD;rm;rm; rjzpfEdkifaomfvnf; ‘urBmhtpDtpOf’ vuQ%mt&qdak omf e,fcs@J qef@usiaf &;/ ya'o&mZfajr&Siq f ef@usif
tajymif;tvJ jzpfv#iu f m; jy\em}uD;vmEdik af yonf? a&;ESihf AsL±du k &uft&if;&Sif qef@usiaf &;yif jzpfonf? T&efo}l uD;(3)
rScD akd e&v#if rvGwv f yfyg? rsm;rsm;rScD v
kd #if vGwv f yfrr_ sm;rsm; OD;udk wdkufcdkufòzcs&ef jzpfonf? &efol}uD;oHk;OD;. rsufarSmuf
qH;k ±H;_ +yD; enf;enf;rScD v kd #if enf;enf;qH;k ±H;_ rnfom jzpfonf? vH;k 0trScD kd ud,k pf m;vS,o f nf (ppftyk pf /k ppftm%m&Sipf epf/ ppftpd;k &) jzpfonf?
uif;a&;qDo@kd a&mufatmif ArmjynfueG jf rLepfygwu D rqkwrf epf T ‘ppf3 ppf’ udk Armjynf uGefjrLepfygwDu jywfjywfom;om;
óu;yrf;oGm;rnf jzpfygonf? wdu k yf 0JG ifrnf? pnf;vH;k Edik o
f r#aomtiftm; tm;vH;k ESihf vufwu JG m
wdkufyGJ0ifrnf? wdkufyGJudk a&S@aqmifEdkifrnfh ‘trsdk;om;nD!Gwfa&;
3? ArmjynfawmfveS af &;.vuQ%m? wyfaygi;f pk}uD;’ w&yf ay:ayguv f m&ef tm;xkwrf nf?
Armjynf. vuf&v dS @l tzG@J tpnf;tajctaeu Armjynf. Armjynf jynfol@'Drdkua&pDawmfvSefa&; qifEJ¸aeonfh
awmfveS af &;vuQ%mudk jyXmef;ayonf? c&D;pOfwiG f &efo@l tajctae ajymif;vJrE_ iS hf r[mrdwt f iftm;rsm;.
vuf&dS ArmjynfawmfveS af &;. vuQ%monf jynfo@l 'rD kd ajymif;vJra_ =umifh tqifu h ¾ tcsK@d cI JG qifE&¸J jcif;rsK;d &SEd ikd af omfvnf;
ua&pD awmfveS af &; jzpfonf? jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDawmfveS af &;onf jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pD awmfveS af &;. tajccHvuQ%mrSmum; ajymif;vJ
"e&Sifvlwef;pm;u acgif;aqmifonfh t&if;&Sifvl@tzGJ@tpnf;ESifh oGm;vdrrhf nf r[kwaf y?
"e&Sit f m%m&Sif pepfusio hf ;kH aom Edik if u
H kd xlaxmif&ef &nf±, G af om yxrawmfvSefa&;c&D;pOf tajccHtm;jzifh atmifyGJcH+yD;
t&if;&Sif'Drdkua&pD awmfvSefa&;ta[mif; r[kwf? e,fcsJ@pepf/ aemuf jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pDawmfveS af &;tqifh +yD;qH;k I csujf cif; qd&k , S f
ya'o&mZfajr&Sipf epf/ AsL±dk u&uft&if;&Sipf epfuo kd m OD;wnfwu kd +f y;D vpfawmfveS af &; tqifo h @kd ul;ajymif;oGm;rnf jzpfonf? xdt k cgwiG f
e,fcs@J / ya'o&mZfajr&SiEf iS hf AsL±duk &uft&if;&Sipf epf qef@usiaf &;wGif xlaxmifrnhf tm%monf ypPnf;rJhtm%m&Sifpepf jzpfonf? T
yg0ifEikd af o;onfh rnfonfh t&if;&Sipf epf tpdwt f ydik ;f udrk # wdu
k zf suf tm%m&Sipf epfu jynfo@l 'rD u kd a&pD awmfveS af &;. r+yD;qH;k ao;onfh
jcif; rðyojzifh qd&k ,
S v
f pf awmfveS af &;vnf; r[kwaf y? jynfo@l 'rD kd vkyfief;wm0efrsm;udk qufvufaqmif±Guf&OD;rnf jzpfaomfvnf;
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