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Photo: Shwe-Gas

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a':vmeJ‹om ay;&ygw,f? 'ga]umifh EdkifiHom;trsm;pk[m tpdk;&u w&m;0if ay;ykd‹olrsm;ukdvnf; txl;aus;Zl;wif&Sdygonf?
cGifhr«ywJh arSmifcdka':vmaps;uGufuom a':vmudk0,f]u&ygw,f? ae‹pOf t,f'DwmrSwqifh udkat;vGifodk‹
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'DvdkyJ arSmifcdku a':vm0,f]u&wmyg? rulnDcsifaeyg/ raESmifh,SufygeJ‹ udkat;vGif? NEJ
0,f,lpkaqmif;olawGrSm a':vmrsm;rsm;pm;pm; vuf0,fxm;rdjyef&if rif;udkEdkifwdk‹tkyfpk&JŒ emrnfudktwkcdk;_yD; jrefrmEdkifiHa&;avmurSm etz P.O Box 115, Raminthra P.O. Bangkhen, Bangkok
vnf; w&m;r0ifaiGa]u;udkifaqmifr+eJ‹ zrf;qD;ta&;,lwm cH]u&ygw,f? tm;udk;eJ‹ vlwGifus,fvkyfvmwJh udkat;vGifwkt d‹ kyfpk&JŒ rlrrSefwJhp±kdufvuQ%m 10220,Thailand. E-mail: newera@ksc.th.com
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8
{_yD/ 2007 ck á pmrsuEf mS (9)

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12
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xl;xl;jcm;jcm; awGŒ&ygw,f? (1) 1962 ck Zlvdkif (7) &ufrSm ayr,fh tus,fcsKyfeJ‹tzrf;cHae&qJ usirf r+ &Sbd þJ wav#mufv;kH þwnDw!Gwf cscJh_yD; teft,fvf'DtzGJŒuae trsKd; ay;cJ&h wmyg?þray;&ifþwu,fcsawmh
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(1)þ1920þjynfEh pS rf mS þyxrausmif; jynfh ausmif;om;ta&;tcif;awGjzpf om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJŒcsKyfacgif;aqmif tm;&jzpfrSmpdk;vdk‹ rSm;w,fxifvnf; vHk; OD;aqmifcGifh«ycJhjcif;[m xl;jcm;wJh wmyg?
om;oydwfjzpfw,f? w,f? awG (rsKd;cspf&Jabmfa[mif;awG) u axmufcH/ rSefvnf; axmufcHcJh]u tcsufyg? aocsmwmu zqyvtaeeJ ‹
(2) 1936 ckrSm 'kwd,ausmif; (3) 1988 ck rwfvrSm tmtdkifwD a]unmcsufawG trsKd;rsKd;xkwf_yD; wmyg? etz[m a':atmifqef;pk]unf etzavmuf zdESdyf&ufpufr+r&SdwJh
om;oydwfjzpfw,f? ausmif ; om;ta&;tcif ; jzpf w ,f jynfol‹v$wfawmfac:,la&;eJ‹ awGŒqHk 'gayr,fh tckaemufydkif;rSmawmh eJ‹ q&mOD;0if;wifwdk‹vdkacgif;aqmif t*Fvdyftpdk;&udkawmif wdkufyGJtqifh
(3) 1938 ckrSm wwd,ausmif; (ausmif;om;tmZmenf udkzkef;armf aqG;aEG;a&;udk awmif;qdkaeqJjzpf tm;rvdktm;r&jzpf&r+awG rsm;vm awG tjyifrSm&Sdae&if olwdku ‹ dk wenf; qifhac:_yD; wdkufcJh&ao;&if 'Duae‹vdk
om;oydwfjzpfw,f (ausmif;om;tm usqHk;w,f? ZGef-ausmif;om;ta&; w,f? wm&,f/ tusyftwnf;udk onf;rcH enf;eJþ‹ wdu k yf aJG c:vmrSmudþk odwt hJ wGuf vlxktHkºuGr+ jzpfvkqJqJtajctae
Zmenf Adv k af tmifausmf usqH;k w,f)? tcif;/ ukvm;-Armt"du±k%f;awG (9) 'kwd,tausmh wdkufyGJumv Edkifawmhwm&,fa]umifh teft,fvf'D bmwdkufyGJrS rac:bJþvl]um;aumif; rSm zdESdyf&ufpufaewJh etzppftkyfpk
a&eHajroydwf/ 'kwd,ukvm;-Arm (ukvm;-Armt"du±k%f;vdk vlrsKd; twGi;f awmfveS af &;aumifp/D rqv/ &JŒOD;aqmifr+tay: a0zefajym]um;r+ atmif awmif;±Hkawmif;_yD; xdkifapmifh udþk teft,fv'f aD cgif;aqmifawGtaeeJ‹
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bDtdkifatawGzGJŒ_yD; t*FvdyfeJ‹ *syefudk (4) ppfwyfu tm%mjyefodrf;_yD; wlaewmudk awGŒ&rSmjzpfygw,f? yg; axmifusolus/ aoolaojzpfae r,fholawG r[kwfbl;qdkwm aocsm uGm’ qdkwmrsKd;awG t}udrfrsm;vmvdk‹
awmfvSefw,f? aemuf ausmif;om;awG vufeufuikd f tJ'Dawmh yxrtausmhwdkufyGJ ]uawmh tjyifrSm (18) ESpfvHk; vdkvdk vdk‹ tjyifrSm OD;aqmifcGifhay;xm;jcif; tckvdk rsKd;cspf&Jabmfa[mif;awGudk
(5) Advk cf sKyfatmifqef;acgif;aqmif awmfveS af &;vkyzf a‹kd wmcdw k ,f?þatbD umv yGJodrf;cgeD; (vGwfvyfa&;&cg &Sd_yD; OD;aqmifaewJh (rsKd;cspf&Jabmf ygyJ ? a0zef r + a wG vk y f v m]uwmjzpf y g
wJh zufqpfqef‹usifa&; jynfol‹vGwf tufp'f t D ufzþf (ausmif;om;wyfrawmf) eD;) rSm AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;&JŒ acgif; a[mif;tkypf 0k ifawGjzpf]uwJ)h þOD;]unf rsK;d csp&f aJ bmfa[mif;awG&ŒJþO;D aqmif w,f?
vyfa&; (zqyv) tzGJŒcsKyf}uD; ay: udk zGJŒpnf;w,f? wdkif;&if;om;vuf aqmifr+eJ‹ zqyvtzGJŒcsKyf}uD;&JŒ OD; armif(uG,v f eG )f / OD;atmifa±$e‹J OD;vGif r+udk trSwfay;wJh a0zefr+awGudk tJ'Dawmh wdkufyGJumv ]umae&
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(6)zqyvtzGJŒcsKyf}uD;u wdkuf txd e0weJ‹ etzppftkyfpkawGudk cJhovdk tck 'kwd,tausmhwdkufyGJum ajym]um;wmqd&k ifþydrk eS rf ,fxifw,f? olwdk‹OD;aqmifaevdk‹om teft,fvf'D acgif;aqmifawGþ(rsK;d csp&f aJ bmfa[mif;
yGJac:_yD; t*Fvdyftpdk;&udkwdkufw,f? vufeufudkifawmfvSefqJjzpfw,f? v yGJodrf;cgeD; ('Drdkua&pDatmifyGJ&cg rsKd;cspf&Jabmfa[mif;awG[m tm ygwD 'Duae‹txd &yfwnfaeEdkifwm awG) u wdkufyGJrac:bJ awmif;yGJawG
(7) 1947 ck Zlvdkif (19) &ufrSm (5) a':atmifqef;pk]unfacgif; eD;) rSmvnf; a': atmifqef;pk]unf&JŒ %m&SiOf ;D ae0if;eJŒþ&if;&if;ES;D ES;D qufE, $ f wJh? tqifhqifheJ‹ xdkifapmifhaewmuvnf;
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vkyf}uHcH&_yD; uG,fvGeftedpPa&mufcJh csKyf}uD; ay:aygufvmw,f? tzGJŒcsKyf&JŒ OD;aqmifr+tcef;u¾u jzifh OD;ae0if;eJ‹ ppfwyf&JŒaus;Zl;eJ‹ wmu teft,fv'f yD gwD &Sad e±Hak v;eJ‹ tav#mhay;awmif;qdk&if;eJ‹ ykqdk;
w,f? (6) trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJcsKyfu vHk;0tc&musaew,fqdkwm jiif;r uif;]uolawGr[kwfawmh etzppf yJþauseyfae_yD;þa':atmifqef;pk]unf wifru twGif;cHyg rusefawmhwJh
(8) usef&pfcJhwJh zqyvacgif; 1990 jynfha&G;aumufyGJrSm tEdkif&&SdcJh &wJhtcsufyg? tkyfpkeJ‹ vuf0g;±dkuf_yD; yGJ]umatmif wdk‹ q&mOD;0ifwifwdkv ‹ nf; tzrf;cHb taetxm;udk a&muf&awmhwmyg
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acwfòydif*sme,fukd vGwfajrmufe,fajrwGif ykHESdyfxkwfa0jzef‹csdonf? The New Era (Khit Pyaing) Journal is printed, published and distributed in Liberated Area.

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