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Adkvfcskyfr ) Ud XH V, F, Majrrw&M Odrf Ch&Ol V, Form RSM U Avsmfa U Awmif Chpmydk
Adkvfcskyfr ) Ud XH V, F, Majrrw&M Odrf Ch&Ol V, Form RSM U Avsmfa U Awmif Chpmydk
Adkvfcskyfr ) Ud XH V, F, Majrrw&M Odrf Ch&Ol V, Form RSM U Avsmfa U Awmif Chpmydk
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Photo: NEJ
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vnf; w&m;r0ifaiGa]u;udkifaqmifr+eJ‹ zrf;qD;ta&;,lwm cH]u&ygw,f? tm;udk;eJ‹ vlwGifus,fvkyfvmwJh udkat;vGifwkt d‹ kyfpk&JŒ rlrrSefwJhp±kdufvuQ%m 10220,Thailand. E-mail: newera@ksc.th.com
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aumif;pm;a&;/ ]oZmcHvufatmuf w,f? tðzef;vGefwJhtwGuf wdkif;jynfvJrGJ/ 0ef}uD;tzGJŒ0ifawG/ oufqdkif&mXme§ qdkifwmawGcsnf;jzpfygw,f? a&;csKd‹wJh/ ynma&;tqifhedrfhus/ pD;
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urB m w0ef ; rS m tm%m&S i f t tm%mwnf_rJ_yD; jynfolydkifawGodrf; Adkvfae0if;acwfwkef;u olw b¾mawGudk wdkif;oljynfom;rod w,f? &GmawGudkzsufqD;/ tdrfeD;csif;EdkifiHawG
a,muf (30) ausmf&Sdygw,f? t&yf _yD;aemuf wudk,fawmfºuG,f0a&; a,mufwnf;xifovd}k uJayr,fþh e0w atmif enf;rsKd;pHkecJ‹ dk;,l0Suf,l_yD; EdkifiH Adkvfoef;a&$orD; oEœma&$r*Fvm qDxGuf_yD; yifyef;qif;&JpGmvkyf&/
om;tm%m&SifeþJ‹ ppftm%m&SifþESpfrsKd; twGuf iwufjym;tvkyfudkpwifyg eJ‹ etzESpfacwfrSmawmh EdkifiHawmf jcm;b%fawGrSmtyfxm;a]umif;xif aqmifpOfu0wfxm;wJh pdefwHk;pdefcJ rsufESmi,fatmufus&ygw,f?
&Sdygw,f? olwdk‹tm;vHk;[m txuf awmhw,f? apm&*dk%f;vdkzGJŒ_yD; EdkifiHawmfb¾m &Sm;ygw,f? }uD;awG/ a':vmoef; (50) cef‹ ukef tJ'Dvdk pD;yGm;a&;/ vlr+a&;/ EdkifiH
azmfjyovdk enf;rsKd;pHkeJ‹jcpm;wJh udk,f ol [ m usef ; rma&;ppf a q;zd k ‹ awGudk iwufjym;awG vkyfae]uwm Bank of England rS b%fpm&if; uswJph &dwaf wG[mvnf; Adv k of ef;a&$ a&; ,dk,Gif;ysufpD;wma]umifh Adkvf
usKd;orm;awGcsnf;jzpfygw,f? ta]umif;jy_yD; wESpf wcgESpfcg EdkifiH jzpfygw,f? tydwcf &H olta,muf (20) ausmf[m yHkrSef&wJhvceJ‹ 'Davmuf0,fEdkifp&m/ oef;a&$acwf[m Adkvfae0if;acwfu
jrefrmjynfrmS awmhþtm%m&SiAf v kd f jcm;xGuf/ xGufwdkif; EdkifiHawmfydkif a&$ etzOuU@ Adkvfoef;a&$udk,fwdkif etzaumifpD0ifAdkvfcsKyfawG/þ0ef}uD; tukeftuscHEdkifp&mta]umif;r&Sd/ xuf (10) qru ydkqdk;oGm;ygw,f?
ae0if;eJ‹ Adkvfoef;a&$wdk‹ESpfa,mufu aiGausmufrsuf&wemawGeJ‹ EdkifiHjcm; uvnf;jcpm;/ OD;atmifaomif;vdk 0ef awG/þ‚if;wdk‹rdom;pk0ifawGcsnf;jzpf oludk,fwdkifuvnf; jcpm;/ ol‹vuf 'gudk]unfh&if Adkvfoef;a&$&JŒ tm
t"duyg?þAdkvfapmarmifu oufwrf; aiG a':vmawGudko,f,l_yD; a&muf }uD;u Adkvfoef;a&$twGuf jcpm;ay;/ aewm awGŒ&ygw,f? atmufi,fom;awGuþjynfwiG ;f jynfy %m&Sifpepfa]umifhþ'Dvdkjzpfvm&w,f
wdkwJh tusyftwnf;umvxJrSmjzpf &mEdkifiH}uD;i,f&Sd b%fawGrSmtyf/ _yD; OD;awZvdþk vl,akH wmfuvnf;þAdv k of ef; AdkvfcsKyf}uD;cif!Gef‹þetz0ef}uD; vkyfief;}uD;i,fawGuxdk;wJh wefpdk; qdkwmxif&Sm;ygw,f?
vdk‹ ol‹udkpm&if;xJxnfhrwGufyg? tm &if td r f _ cH a jrawG 0 ,f / tyef ; ajz a&$jcpm;xm;wJh OD;atmifaomif;u csKyfa[mif; (,cktdrftus,fcsKyf)/ vufaqmifawG/ yGJcyGJ!Gef‹awGxJu 'gha]umifh jrefrmjynfrSm Adkvfae
%m&Sifoufwrf;&SnfwJh Adkvfae0if;eJ‹ &if;/ taysmfyg;vdkuf/ avmif;upm;æ &Smay;wJhOpPmawGudk wdk;wuf}uD;yGm; AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ol&a&$ref;wkd‹tygt0if Adkvfoef;a&$udk OD;OD;zsm;zsm; yGJOD;ay; 0if;/ Adkvfoef;a&$tygt0if wudk,f
Adkvfoef;a&$wEdk‹ Spfa,mufpvHk;[m em pwJh raumif;r+awGeJ‹ aiGawGðzef;yg atmif &if;ESD;jr‡KyfESHay;w,f? wjcm; AdkvfcsKyf/ Adkvfrª;rS Adkvfrª;csKyf/ qufvdk‹&wmawGa]umifh oEœma&$ aumif;qefwþhJ ud, k u
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12
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usaemfwdEk‹ dkifiH&JŒ ordkif;a]umif;udk jyef (9) yxrtausmhwdkufyGJumv aEG;a&;enf;eJþ‹ tajz&Smzd¯‹k ud;pm;w,f? (18) ESpfausmfvmwJhtcgrSmawmh ar; oHo,jzpfp&m ta]umif;w&m; u tiwfiwftjywfjywfeJ‹ 'Dtwdkif;
]unf&h if yxrtausmh wdu k yf EJG ikd if aH &; twGif; t*Fvdyf/ *syef/ t*Fvdyftkyf (7)a':atmifqef;pk]unfe‹J acgif; cGef;xkwfp&mawG woD}uD;jzpfvmcJh awGuvnf; &Sdaeavawmh ar;cGef; qufapmifhae&rSmvm; qdkwmygyJ?
umv (vGwfvyfa&;wdkufyGJumv)eJ‹ csKyfr+awGudk wGef;vSefcJh&w,f? aqmifawGudk 'DyJ,if;vlowfyGJ}uD;eJ‹ ygw,f? xkwfolawGudk tqdk;vdrk‹ qdkomygbl;? vGwv f yfa&;wdu k yf w JG ek ;f uþzqyv
'kwd,tausmhwdkufyGJEdkifiHa&;umv tckwu kd yf 0JG ifaeqJþ'kw, d tausmh etzu vk y f } uH w ,f (uH a umif ; twdkuftcHtiftm;pkawGtaeeJ‹ 'ghtjyif etzu (18) ESpfvHk;vHk; acgif;aqmifawG[m t*Fvyd t f pd;k &udk
('Drdkua&pDa&;wdkufyGJumv) awGrSm wdkufyGJEdkifiHa&;umvudk jyef]unfh&if axmufr_yD; a':atmifqef;pk]unfeJ‹ 1990þjynfha±G;aumufyGJ_yD;uwnf;u eD;yg; a':atmifqef;pk]unfeJ‹ wwfod ‘&&if& r&&ifcs’ qdkwJh wdkufyGJac:oH
cyfqifqifwlwJh ordkif;jzpfpOfawGudk vnf; æ acgif;aqmifawG touf&Sifusef&pf teft,fvf'DOD;aqmifr+udk a0zefqef‹ ynm&Siftkyfpk0ifawGudk zrf;qD;axmif eJ‹ wdkufcJhvdk‹ t*Fvdyfu vGwfvyfa&;
xl;xl;jcm;jcm; awGŒ&ygw,f? (1) 1962 ck Zlvdkif (7) &ufrSm ayr,fh tus,fcsKyfeJ‹tzrf;cHae&qJ usirf r+ &Sbd þJ wav#mufv;kH þwnDw!Gwf cscJh_yD; teft,fvf'DtzGJŒuae trsKd; ay;cJ&h wmyg?þray;&ifþwu,fcsawmh
yxrtausmh wdkufyGJEdkifiHa&;um ausmif;om;ta&;tcif;jzpfw,f? jzpfw,f)? wnf; axmufcHtm;ay;cJh]uwmyg? rsKd;yxkwfxm;ayr,fh rsKd;cspf&Jabmf r,fqdkwmudk t*Fvdyfu odvdk‹vnf;
vudk jyef]unfh&ifæ (2) 1974-76 rSm OD;oef‹/ rd+if;&m (8) tjyifrSmusef&SdaewJh trsKd; &Sif;&Sif;ajym&&if &efol etz 0rf;om a[mif;tzGŒJuakd wmhþtjyifrmS wav#muf ray;csifay;csifeJ‹ vGwfvyfa&;ay;cJh&
(1)þ1920þjynfEh pS rf mS þyxrausmif; jynfh ausmif;om;ta&;tcif;awGjzpf om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJŒcsKyfacgif;aqmif tm;&jzpfrSmpdk;vdk‹ rSm;w,fxifvnf; vHk; OD;aqmifcGifh«ycJhjcif;[m xl;jcm;wJh wmyg?
om;oydwfjzpfw,f? w,f? awG (rsKd;cspf&Jabmfa[mif;awG) u axmufcH/ rSefvnf; axmufcHcJh]u tcsufyg? aocsmwmu zqyvtaeeJ ‹
(2) 1936 ckrSm 'kwd,ausmif; (3) 1988 ck rwfvrSm tmtdkifwD a]unmcsufawG trsKd;rsKd;xkwf_yD; wmyg? etz[m a':atmifqef;pk]unf etzavmuf zdESdyf&ufpufr+r&SdwJh
om;oydwfjzpfw,f? ausmif ; om;ta&;tcif ; jzpf w ,f jynfol‹v$wfawmfac:,la&;eJ‹ awGŒqHk 'gayr,fh tckaemufydkif;rSmawmh eJ‹ q&mOD;0if;wifwdk‹vdkacgif;aqmif t*Fvdyftpdk;&udkawmif wdkufyGJtqifh
(3) 1938 ckrSm wwd,ausmif; (ausmif;om;tmZmenf udkzkef;armf aqG;aEG;a&;udk awmif;qdkaeqJjzpf tm;rvdktm;r&jzpf&r+awG rsm;vm awG tjyifrSm&Sdae&if olwdku ‹ dk wenf; qifhac:_yD; wdkufcJh&ao;&if 'Duae‹vdk
om;oydwfjzpfw,f (ausmif;om;tm usqHk;w,f? ZGef-ausmif;om;ta&; w,f? wm&,f/ tusyftwnf;udk onf;rcH enf;eJþ‹ wdu k yf aJG c:vmrSmudþk odwt hJ wGuf vlxktHkºuGr+ jzpfvkqJqJtajctae
Zmenf Adv k af tmifausmf usqH;k w,f)? tcif;/ ukvm;-Armt"du±k%f;awG (9) 'kwd,tausmh wdkufyGJumv Edkifawmhwm&,fa]umifh teft,fvf'D bmwdkufyGJrS rac:bJþvl]um;aumif; rSm zdESdyf&ufpufaewJh etzppftkyfpk
a&eHajroydwf/ 'kwd,ukvm;-Arm (ukvm;-Armt"du±k%f;vdk vlrsKd; twGi;f awmfveS af &;aumifp/D rqv/ &JŒOD;aqmifr+tay: a0zefajym]um;r+ atmif awmif;±Hkawmif;_yD; xdkifapmifh udþk teft,fv'f aD cgif;aqmifawGtaeeJ‹
t"du±k%f;awG qufwdkufjzpfay:_yD; a&;t"du±k%f;awGuawmh tkyfpdk;ol e0w/ etzppftkyfpkawG&JŒ zdESdyftkyf awGþawmfawmfrsm;rsm;vkyfvm]uwm aewJh rsKd;cspf&Jabmfa[mif;awGudk wdu k yf aJG c:_yD;wdu
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1300 jynfhta&;awmfyHk}uD; jzpfyGm; awGu olwdk‹tay:usa&mufaewJh csKyfr+awGudk qef‹usifwdkufyGJ0ifcJh/ 0if udk awGŒ&ygw,f? tjyifrSm OD;aqmifcGifhay;xm;jcif;jzpf aA'ifar;p&mawmif rvdkwJhudpPyg?
w,f? vlxk&JŒa'goudk vrf;v$Jzdk‹ }uH&mr&wJh ae&qJjzpfw,f? teft,fvf'D&JŒ OD;aqmifr+udk a0 w,fv, dk‹ lq&if jzpfEdkifp&mta]umif; vlxu k vnf;þwdu k yf aJG c:apcsiaf e
(4) ausmif;om;ocifawG vuf tcg vkyf}uHzefwD;wmjzpfygw,f) trSwfpOf (1)uae (9)txd wl zefw,fq&kd mrSmvnf; a':atmifqef; trsm;}uD;&Sdygw,f? _yD; ac:wmeJ‹ vdkufygzdk‹tqifoifhjzpf
eufudkifawmfvSefa&;vkyfzdk‹ *syefudk qufwu kd jf zpfay:_yD;þ&Spaf v;vH;k ta&; nDwJh trSwfpOfwckcsif;udk ,SOf]unfh pk]unfeJ‹ q&mOD;0if;wifwdk‹vdk wwf wenf;tm;jzifh rsKd;cspf&Jabmf aewJt h aetxm;awGyg?þ'gudþk awmif;
oGm;_yD; ppfynmoifw,f? bD'Dat/ awmfyHk}uD;jzpfyGm;w,f? &if wdkufyGJjzpfpOfawG[m cyfqifqif odynm&SiftkyfpkawGu tcsdefjynfheD; a[mif;awG[m etzudk tEœ&m,fay; ±Hkxdkifawmif;ae_yD; ‘r&&ifvnf; ae
bDtdkifatawGzGJŒ_yD; t*FvdyfeJ‹ *syefudk (4) ppfwyfu tm%mjyefodrf;_yD; wlaewmudk awGŒ&rSmjzpfygw,f? yg; axmifusolus/ aoolaojzpfae r,fholawG r[kwfbl;qdkwm aocsm uGm’ qdkwmrsKd;awG t}udrfrsm;vmvdk‹
awmfvSefw,f? aemuf ausmif;om;awG vufeufuikd f tJ'Dawmh yxrtausmhwdkufyGJ ]uawmh tjyifrSm (18) ESpfvHk; vdkvdk vdk‹ tjyifrSm OD;aqmifcGifhay;xm;jcif; tckvdk rsKd;cspf&Jabmfa[mif;awGudk
(5) Advk cf sKyfatmifqef;acgif;aqmif awmfveS af &;vkyzf a‹kd wmcdw k ,f?þatbD umv yGJodrf;cgeD; (vGwfvyfa&;&cg &Sd_yD; OD;aqmifaewJh (rsKd;cspf&Jabmf ygyJ ? a0zef r + a wG vk y f v m]uwmjzpf y g
wJh zufqpfqef‹usifa&; jynfol‹vGwf tufp'f t D ufzþf (ausmif;om;wyfrawmf) eD;) rSm AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;&JŒ acgif; a[mif;tkypf 0k ifawGjzpf]uwJ)h þOD;]unf rsK;d csp&f aJ bmfa[mif;awG&ŒJþO;D aqmif w,f?
vyfa&; (zqyv) tzGJŒcsKyf}uD; ay: udk zGJŒpnf;w,f? wdkif;&if;om;vuf aqmifr+eJ‹ zqyvtzGJŒcsKyf}uD;&JŒ OD; armif(uG,v f eG )f / OD;atmifa±$e‹J OD;vGif r+udk trSwfay;wJh a0zefr+awGudk tJ'Dawmh wdkufyGJumv ]umae&
aygufvmw,f? eufudkiftzGJŒtpnf;awGet J‹ wl 'Duae‹ aqmifr+tcef;u¾awGu tc&mus wdk‹&JŒ OD;aqmifr+awGudk t"dua0zef vnf; ]um;&ygw,f? bmvJqdkawmh jcif;[m tjyifrSm&SdwJh teft,fvf'D
(6)zqyvtzGJŒcsKyf}uD;u wdkuf txd e0weJ‹ etzppftkyfpkawGudk cJhovdk tck 'kwd,tausmhwdkufyGJum ajym]um;wmqd&k ifþydrk eS rf ,fxifw,f? olwdk‹OD;aqmifaevdk‹om teft,fvf'D acgif;aqmifawGþ(rsK;d csp&f aJ bmfa[mif;
yGJac:_yD; t*Fvdyftpdk;&udkwdkufw,f? vufeufudkifawmfvSefqJjzpfw,f? v yGJodrf;cgeD; ('Drdkua&pDatmifyGJ&cg rsKd;cspf&Jabmfa[mif;awG[m tm ygwD 'Duae‹txd &yfwnfaeEdkifwm awG) u wdkufyGJrac:bJ awmif;yGJawG
(7) 1947 ck Zlvdkif (19) &ufrSm (5) a':atmifqef;pk]unfacgif; eD;) rSmvnf; a': atmifqef;pk]unf&JŒ %m&SiOf ;D ae0if;eJŒþ&if;&if;ES;D ES;D qufE, $ f wJh? tqifhqifheJ‹ xdkifapmifhaewmuvnf;
Adv
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