Tp ch Khoa hc i hc Quc gia H Ni, Khoa hc T nhin v Cng ngh 24 (2008) 214-220

Nghin c u, ch t o m un pht tn hi u m pha trong radar d i sng dm

Trung Kin1,*, B ch Gia Dng2, V Tu n Anh2, Ph m Vn Thnh1
1

Tr ng i h c Khoa h c T nhin, HQGHN, 334 Nguy n Tri, H N i, Vi t Nam 2 Tr ng i h c Cng ngh , HQGHN, 144 Xun Th y, H N i, Vi t Nam
Nh n ngy 25 thng 02 nm 2008

Tm t t. Bi bo trnh by m t s k t qu th c nghi m trong ch t o b pht c a radar xung. Kt pht tri n vi i u khi n PIC16F877A pht ra m Barker 13 bt v m t s m a d ng khc th ng c s d ng trong cc h th ng radar. B dao ng n i c thi t k trong ph m vi d i t n t 800MHz n 900MHz b i b t h p t n s LM2316 v m ch VCO. T n s c a b dao ng c th d dng thay i v i s k t h p c a PIC16F877A. B khu ch i cng su t cao t n c ch t o c cng su t xung l i ra 90W s d ng cng ngh m ch d i cho ph i h p tr khng l i vo v l i ra c a transistor cao t n. T kha: M Barker, nn xung, dao ng n i, khu ch i cng su t cao t n, m ch d i.

1. Gi i thi u Nn xung l k thu t c s d ng c c cng su t trung bnh c a tn hi u pht trong khi v n m b o c phn gi i cao cho h th ng nh v v tuy n. Nn xung c th c hi n b ng cc b l c ph i h p ho c dng cc hm tng quan. Trong s cc d ng sng s d ng trong k thu t nn xung, cc m Barker c cc hm t tng quan r t thch h p cho cc k thu t radar xung. Bi ton lin quan n k thu t radar c r t nhi u ph n lin quan n lnh v c truy n thng sng ng n. V i b khu ch i cng su t cao t n, t i u ra c a b pht, tn hi u c n c khu ch i tr c khi truy n. Khu ch i cng su t cao t n l ph n khng th thi u trong cc ng d ng truy n d n qua ng-ten.

T i cc vng t n s th p, vi c thi t k cc b khu ch i khng kh khn g m ch c m t cht ch khi l a ch n i m lm vi c cho transistor sao cho c c cng su t l i ra c c i. Nhng v i b khu ch i ho t ng trong mi n t n s cao, c 900MHz th c n ph i s d ng k thu t m ch d i.

2. M t s l thuy t c a h radar S kh i n gi n c a m t b pht radar c trnh by trn Hnh 1 [1].

Hnh 1. S kh i c a m t b pht radar.

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Tc gi lin h . T: 84-4-8582254. E-mail: dtkien@vnu.edu.vn

Kh i pht d ng sng (waveform generator) g m m un m pha t o ra cc m c th cho 214

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215

xung m pha; kh i dao ng n i n nh (stable local oscillator - StaLo) pht ra dao ng n nh t n s RF tr n trung t n cho kh i pht v tch trung t n cho kh i thu. Kh i tr n (mixer) chnh th c hi n nhi m v tr n ny. Kh i khu ch i cng su t cao t n (microwave power amplifier) cung c p nng l ng c n thi t cho tn hi u radar tr c khi truy n pht ra ng-ten th c hi n vi c truy n thng trn cc qung ng di. 2.1. M Barker [2,3] Nn xung l m t k thu t quan tr ng khng th thi u trong qu trnh x l tn hi u thu v c a radar phn tch cc thng tin c a m c tiu. Trong qu trnh nn xung, m t xung di r ng c chia thnh N xung nh hn, m i xung c r ng = /N. Pha c a m i xung nh ny theo i u ch kha d ch pha nh phn (binary phase shift keying signal - BPSK) th s ch n pha 0 cho bt 1 ho c i n p +, pha cho bt 0 ho c i n p -. M Barker c a chu ng v nh c a thy chnh trong hm t tng quan (autocorrelation function) c cao chnh b ng N, N l di c a m Barker, trong khi cao c a thy ph hai bn ch b ng 1. M t s m Barker n i ti ng c trnh by trong B ng 1. Tn hi u v hm t tng quan c a m Barker 13 bt c ch ra trn Hnh 2 v Hnh 3.
B ng 1. M t s m Barker quan tr ng Chi u di m 2 3 4 5 7 11 13 M v suy gi m c a thy ph (dB) 10 110 1110 11101 1110010 11100010010 1111100110101 (6.0) (9.5) (12.0) (14.0) (16.9) (20.8) (22.3)

Hnh 2. M Barker 13 bt v tn hi u BPSK tng ng.

Hnh 3. Hm t tng quan c a m Barker 13 bt.

2.2. Khu ch i cng su t cao t n [4] y l kh i m ch khng th thi u trong truy n d n sng i n t qua ng-ten. Vi c thi t k kh i ny bao g m vi c ch n v n nh i m lm vi c tnh cho transistor, o l ng cc tham s S, thi t k m ch d i cho ph i h p tr khng l i vo v l i ra, o l ng cc thng s k thu t c a m ch. S kh i c b n c a m ch khu ch i c ch ra trong Hnh 4.

Hnh 4. M hnh kh i khu ch i cng su t.

Ho t ng c a cc ph n t t i cc t n s cao t n c n c phn tch s d ng cc tham s v tn x [S] (scattering). Cc tham s ny c xc nh theo cc sng tng ng.

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S ij =

V i V
+ j V + = 0 for k j k

(1)

Cc b ph n ph i h p tr khng l i vo v l i ra cho m ch transistor (Input/Output matching circuit) y s d ng k thu t m ch d i. H s khu ch i t ng c ng GT = GS.G0.GL

GT = 1 s
2

1 S11s

. S 21 . 2

1 L

2 2

(2)
Hnh 5. Kt pht tri n PIC16F877A.

1 S 22 L

V i GS, G0 , GL l cc h s khu ch i ch ra trong hnh 4. s, L l cc h s ph n x t i ngu n v t i t i.

3. Cc k t qu th c nghi m 3.1. T o m Barker 13 bt s d ng bo m ch vi i u khi n PIC16F877A Kt pht tri n cho vi i u khi n PIC16F877A c xy d ng c th t o ra b t c m Barker no c p trong B ng 1. Ngoi ra v i t c x l nhanh v s linh ng ti n l i c a vi i u khi n, bo m ch c th t o ra b t c m t m no khc dng cho yu c u c a radar (Hnh 5). M Barker 13 bt trong Hnh 6 c t o ra v i y cc thng s k thu t c n c trong th c t cho m t h radar: r ng bt 2s, chi u di c chu i 13 bt l 26s, t n s l p l i xung 1kHz. Ngoi ra vi i u khi n cn a ra t i 2 chn khc l xung nh p ng h v m t xung n nh d u b t u c a chu i bt. Khi ng i l p trnh mu n pht ra m t m khc, c th d dng thay i trong chng trnh C n p vo vi i u khi n.

Hnh 6. M Barker N = 13.

3.2. Kh i t o dao ng n i
LM2316 c dng cng v i kh i dao ng i u khi n b ng i n p VCO (Voltage Controlled Oscillator) pht ra m t tn hi u nhi u r t th p, n nh i u khi n b dao ng n i c a b thu pht radar. T n s c a dao ng n i c th linh ho t thay i b i d li u pht ra t vi i u khi n PIC16F877A y vo trong thanh ghi d li u 21 bt c a LM2316.

Trong n i dung th c nghi m yu c u, chng ti i u ch nh d i t n c a kh i dao ng n i c th ty bi n t 800MHz n 900MHz. Sai s c a t n s pht l 10Hz tng ng ch t l ng n nh c a th ch anh. Hnh 7 v Hnh 8 ch p t m ch th c nghi m, Hnh 9 l t n s tn hi u o trn my phn tch ph .

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3.3. Kh i khu ch i cng su t cao t n cng su t xung 90W M un khu ch i cng su t lm vi c trong ch xung, cng su t xung 90W c thi t k ch t o trn cng ngh m ch d i (Microstrip). S nguyn l t ng khu ch i cng su t 90W c trnh by trong Hnh 10

Hnh 7. Kh i t h p t n s LM2316.

Hnh 10. S nguyn l m ch khu ch i cng su t cao t n.

Cng su t ra c th i u ch nh nh i u ch nh i n p phn c c trong s nguyn l trn Hnh 10. Trong bi n tr R5 i u ch nh i n p phn c c c a transistor. Cc b l c ngu n c trnh by trong s lm n nh ch lm vi c, l c nhi u v trnh t kch cho t ng khu ch i. Transistor Q1 lm nhi m v d ch m c l i ra c a IC n p LM7805. B l c g m C1, C2, C3, R1, R2 c nhi m v l c i n p phn c c cho c c c a (c c G). B l c g m C7, C8, C9, C10, C11, C16, C17, C18, C19, C20, cc cu n ch n L1 v L2 c nhi m v l c i n p mng (c c D) cho transistor MOSFET. S d ng i n tr ph c trn gi n Smith Hnh 11 thi t k m ch d i ph i h p tr khng v i i n tr l i vo v l i ra trong d i t n s t 830MHz t i 900MHz. Tr khng vo ra c a transistor t n s t 830MHz t i 860MHz

Hnh 8. M ch VCO.

Hnh 9. T n s dao ng trn my phn tch ph R3131A.

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c tnh t phng php ngo i suy tuy n tnh trn gi n Smith. Cc tham s m ch d i khi s d ng m ng m ch in PCB lo i FR4 tnh ton t ph n m m thi t k m ph ng Ansoft c trnh by trn B ng 2.

m1 freq=850.0MHz dB(S(2,1))=-0.487 m1
0

50 40

dB(S(2,2 )) dB(S(2,1 ))

-10

vswr(S11 )

30 20 10 0

-20

m4 freq=850.0MHz dB(S(2,2))=-28.938

m3 freq=850.0MHz vswr(S11)=1.284 m3
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2

m4
0.8 1.0 1.2

-30 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6

freq, GHz
50 40

freq, GHz

vswr(S22)

30 20 10 0 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2

m2 freq=850.0MHz vswr(S22)=1.074 m2

freq, GHz

Hnh 12. Cc tham s S m ph ng t i 850MHz.

M ch i n c a kh i khu ch i cng su t cao t n l p rp trong th c t c a ra trong Hnh 13

Hnh 11. Bi u Smith tnh ton tr khng l i vo v l i ra c a transistor. B ng 2. Cc thng s m ch d i tnh b i ph n m m Ansoft M ch d i (li) l1 l2 l3 l4 l5 l6 l7 l8 l9 l10 l11 Z0 ( ) 2.2784 11.3663 10.7038 49.7781 10.7038 10.0064 49.7781 49.7781 10.0064 12.1954 54.8981 di i n ( ) 12.6282 57.4394 34.6279 90.0268 6.28856 6.87789 90.0268 90.0268 51.3795 44.8828 79.1619

Hnh 13. Kh i khu ch i cng su t cao t n dng m ch d i.

- Ch lm vi c c a Transistor c ch n nh i n p phn c c UG cng v i bin tn hi u v cho transistor lm vi c trong ch AB. - D i thng b khu ch i (d i t n s cng tc) 820MHz t i 890MHz, trong d i t n lm vi c nh p nh bin khng qu 1 dBm - Tr khng vo ra 50 - u n i ki u SMA chu n, dy cp RG-58 A/U

K t qu m ph ng dng ph n m m ADS v i h s truy n, khu ch i cng su t, h s sng ng v cc tham s S11 S12 S21 S22 khi ghp n i v i t i vo/ra 50 c trnh by trn Hnh 12.

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- M ch in PCB l m ch d i (Microstrip), tham s h ng s i n mi r, dy l p i n mi h, dy l p d n i n T c o tr c ti p khi s d ng m ng m ch PCB ho c theo tham s k thu t c a nh s n xu t. - r ng xung t i a 210s, chu k l p l i 2000s, cng su t tn hi u vo c c i 30dBm, cng su t ra trung bnh khng nh hn 40dBm o trn my o cng su t, tng ng v i cng su t xung khng nh hn 90W. - Ngu n nui : Ngu n m t chi u 12V v 24V cng su t 250W - i u ki n lm vi c : + Nhi t mi tr ng -20 t i 70 + m mi tr ng 100%
o o

Hnh 15. c trng t n s nh d u t i 753.0HMz.

- Ton b t ng khu ch i c g n trn phi n t a nhi t h p kim nhm v c t n nhi t b ng qu t thng gi. K t qu c ki m tra trn my phn tch ph v o c trn my phn tch m ng v c trng t n s bin nh Hnh 14 v Hnh 15.

nng cng su t cao hn, m t gi i php c th nghi m l c ng cng su t t cc m un thnh ph n s d ng cc b Dividers/Combiners cng su t l n. Vi c ch t o thnh cng cc m un c s cho cc b c ng l cng o n quan tr ng nh t cho vi c ch t o my pht cao t n cng su t l n. 4. K t lu n S d ng vi i u khi n PIC16F877A, m Barker c a tn hi u radar c th c t o ra r t d dng v i kh nng r t linh ho t trong vi c thay i r ng xung, chu k l p l i xung. y hon ton l m t u i m n i b t so v i cc phng php truy n th ng s d ng cc IC s trong cc m ch i n ph c t p m i c th t o ra cc m ny. Hn n a, theo cc m ch c , do tr t ng c ng c a r t nhi u linh ki n s khng th thu c cc m c r ng xung h p, th i gian chuy n m c g n nh t c th i nh trong m ch dng vi i u khi n. Ngoi ra, m ch vi i u khi n trong th c nghi m ny cn c dng i u ch nh t n s c a kh i dao ng n i m khng c n thay i cc thng s linh ki n c a m ch.

Hnh 14. c trng t n s nh d u t i 612.5HMz.

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Kh i khu ch i cng su t cao t n cng c l p rp thnh cng v i vi c tnh ton m ph ng v ch t o th c t ph n m ch d i k t h p v i transistor cao t n c c s ph i h p tr khng t t. y l m t k t qu b c u t t p ti p t c xy d ng cc b c ng cng su t c c my pht cng su t cao t n cng su t l n.

Ti li u tham kh o
[1] R. Mahafza Bassem, Matlab Simulation for Radar Systems Design, Chapman & Hall /CRC, United State of America, 2004. [2] Werner Wiesbeck, Lecture Script of Radar System Engineering, Institute for Very High Frequency Technology and Electronics, Germany, 2007 [3] Nadav Levanon, Radar Signals, Wiley and Sons, Inc., United State of America, 2004 [4] M. Pozar David, Microwave Engineering, Second Edition, Wiley and Sons, Inc., United State of America, 1998.

Research, fabrication of a transmitter of phased-code dm pulse radar system

Do Trung Kien1, Bach Gia Duong2, Vu Tuan Anh2, Pham Van Thanh1
1 2

College of Science, VNU, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi, Vietnam College of Technology, VNU, 144 Xuan Thuy, Hanoi, Vietnam

This paper reports some of the experimental results of a pulse radar transmitter. A kit of microcontroller PIC16F877A generates a 13-bit Barker code and various other codes that often use in the radar system. A stable local oscillator is designed with the range of 800MHz to 900MHz by LM2316 and VCO circuit. The frequency of the oscillator can be easily changed with the help of the PIC16F877A above. A microwave power amplifier is fabricated that have output pulse power of 90W using a microstrip technique for input/output matching network.