Danh mc cc hm ton hc ABS (number): Tnh tr tuyt i ca mt s (gi tr tuyt i ca mt s l s lun lun dng).

CEILING (number, significance) : Lm trn ln mt s (cch xa khi s 0) n bi s gn nht ca significance. COMBIN (number, number_chosen) : Tr v s t hp c chn t mt s cc phn t. Thng dng xc nh tng s nhm c c t mt s cc phn t. EVEN (number) : Lm trn mt s n s nguyn chn gn nht EXP (number) : Tnh ly tha c s e ca mt s FACT (number) : Tnh giai tha ca mt s FACTDOUBLE (number) : Tnh giai tha cp hai ca mt s FLOOR (number, significance) : Lm trn xung mt s n bi s gn nht GCD (number1, number2, ...) : Tm c s chung ln nht ca cc s INT (number) : Lm trn mt s xung s nguyn gn nht LCM (number1, number2, ...) : Tm bi s chung nh nht ca cc s LN (number) : Tnh logarit t nhin ca mt s LOG (number) : Tnh logarit ca mt s LOG10 (number) : Tnh logarit c s 10 ca mt s MDETERM (array) : Tnh nh thc ca mt ma trn MINVERSE (array) : Tm ma trn nghch o ca mt ma trn MMULT (array1, array2) : Tnh tch hai ma trn MOD (number, divisor) : Ly phn d ca mt php chia. MROUND (number, multiple) : Lm trn mt s n bi s ca mt s khc MULTINOMIAL (number1, number2, ...) : Tnh t l gia giai tha tng v tch giai tha cc s ODD (number): Lm trn mt s n s nguyn l gn nht PI () : Tr v gi tr con s Pi POWER (number, power) : Tnh ly tha ca mt s

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PRODUCT(number1, number2, ...) : Tnh tch cc s QUOTIENT (numberator, denominator) : Ly phn nguyn ca mt php chia RAND () : Tr v mt s ngu nhin gia 0 v 1 RANDBETWEEN (bottom, top) : Tr v mt s ngu nhin gia mt khong ty chn ROMAN (number, form) : Chuyn mt s (-rp) v dng s La-m theo nh dng ty chn ROUND (number, num_digits) : Lm trn mt s theo s ch nh ROUNDDOWN (number, num_digits) : Lm trn xung mt s theo s ch nh ROUNDUP (number, num_digits) : Lm trn ln mt s theo s ch nh SERIESSUM (x, n, m, coefficients) : Tnh tng ly tha ca mt chui s SIGN (number) : Tr v du (i s) ca mt s SQRT (number) : Tnh cn bc hai ca mt s SQRTPI (number) : Tnh cn bc hai ca mt s c nhn vi Pi SUBTOTAL (function_num, ref1, ref2, ...) : Tnh ton cho mt nhm con trong mt danh sch ty theo php tnh c ch nh SUM (number1, number2, ...) : Tnh tng cc s SUMIF (range, criteria, sum_range) : Tnh tng cc tha mt iu kin ch nh SUMIFS (sum_range, criteria_range1, criteria1, criteria_range2, criteria2, ) : Tnh tng cc tha nhiu iu kin ch nh[/URL] SUMPRODUCT (array1, array2, ...) : Tnh tng cc tch ca cc phn t trong cc mng d liu SUMSQ (number1, number2, ...) : Tnh tng bnh phng ca cc s SUMX2MY2 (array_x, array_y) : Tnh tng ca hiu bnh phng ca cc phn t trong hai mng gi tr SUMX2PY2 (array_x, array_y) : Tnh tng ca tng bnh phng ca cc phn t trong hai mng gi tr SUMXMY2 (array_x, array_y) : Tnh tng ca bnh phng ca hiu cc phn t trong hai mng gi tr TRUNC (number, num_digits) : Ly phn nguyn ca mt s (m khng lm trn)

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Tm hiu v vn lm trn s trong Excel Excel c nhiu hm dng lm trn s. Mi hm c mt chc nng ring. Bi ny xin nu ra nhng ci khc nhau v ging nhau gia cc hm: ROUND(), ROUNDUP(), ROUNDDOWN(), MROUND(), CEILING(), FLOOR(), EVEN(), ODD(), INT() v TRUNC()

Bi tham kho thm: Bn th cc hm lm trn s cha? ca ch HanDung107

Hm ROUND() C php: = ROUND(number, num_digits)

number: Con s s lm trn num_digits: L mt s nguyn, ch cch m bn mun lm trn

num_digits > 0 : lm trn n s thp phn c ch nh num_digits = 0 : lm trn n s nguyn gn nht num_digits < 0 : lm trn n phn nguyn c ch nh V d: Vi con s 1234.5678 ROUND(1234.5678, 3) = 1234.568 ROUND(1234.5678, 2) = 1234.57 ROUND(1234.5678, 1) = 1234.6 ROUND(1234.5678, 0) = 1235 ROUND(1234.5678, -1) = 1230 ROUND(1234.5678, -2) = 1200 ROUND(1234.5678, -3) = 1000

Hm MROUND() Lm trn n bi s ca mt s khc C php: = MROUND(number, multiple)

number: Con s s lm trn multiple: Con s m bn cn lm trn number n bi s ca n

- Nu number v multiple khc du, hm s bo li #NUM! - Nu number v multiple bng nhau, kt qu l chnh s - MROUND() s lm trn ln, nu phn chia ca php chia number cho multiple ln hn hoc bng 1/2 multiple, v lm trn xung nu phn chia ca php chia number cho multiple nh hn 1/2 multiple V d: MROUND(5, 2) = 6 (do 5/2 > 2/2, bi s ca 2 gn nht m ln hn 5 l 6) MROUND(11, 5) = 10 (do 11/5 < 5/2, bi s ca 5 gn nht m nh hn 11 l 10)

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MROUND(13, 5) = 15 (do 13/5 > 5/2, bi s ca 5 gn nht m ln hn 13 l 15) MROUND(5, 5) = 5 (number v multiple bng nhau) MROUND(7.31, 0.5) = 7.5 (do 7.31/0.5 > 0.5/2, bi s ca 0.5 gn nht m ln hn 7.31 l 7.5) MROUND(-11, -5) = -10 (do -11/-5 > -5/2, bi s ca -5 gn nht m ln hn -11 l -10) MROUND(-11, 5) = #NUM! (number v multiple khc du)

Hm ROUNDDOWN() v Hm ROUNDUP()
Hai hm ny, v c bn th ging hm ROUND(), ch khc l chng ch lm trn theo mt chiu: ROUNDDONW() lun lun lm trn mt s v s 0, cn ROUNDUP() th lun lun lm trn mt s ra xa s 0.

C php: = ROUNDDOWN(number, num_digits) = ROUNDUP(number, num_digits)

number: Con s s lm trn num_digits: L mt s nguyn, ch cch m bn mun lm trn

num_digits > 0 : lm trn n s thp phn c ch nh num_digits = 0 : lm trn n s nguyn gn nht num_digits < 0 : lm trn n phn nguyn c ch nh V d: So snh gia ROUNDDOWN() v ROUNDUP()

Hm CEILING() v Hm FLOOR()
Hai hm ny, hao hao ging hm MROUND(), l lm trn n bi s gn nht ca mt s c ch nh, ch khc i cht v cch tnh: CEILING() lun lun lm trn mt s ra xa s 0, cn FLOOR() lm trn v s 0.

C php: = CEILING(number, significance) = FLOOR(number, significance)

number: Con s s lm trn -4-

significance: Con s m bn cn lm trn number n bi s ca n

- Nu number v significancekhc du, hm s bo li #NUM! - Nu number l bi s ca significance, kt qu l chnh s V d: So snh gia CEILING(), FLOOR() v MROUND() - v d ny, xem nh significance l multiple ca MROUND()

Hm EVEN() v Hm ODD()
Hai hm ny lm trn rt n gin. EVEN() lm trn n s nguyn chn gn nht, cn ODD() lm trn n s nguyn l gn nht. C hai u lm trn theo kiu chy xa khi s 0.

C php: = EVEN(number) | = ODD(number) V d: EVEN(14.2) = 16 EVEN(-23) = 24 ODD(58.1) = 59 ODD(-6) = -7 Hm INT() v hm TRUNC() Hai hm ny gn nh ging nhau nu nh bn mun lm trn mt s thnh mt s nguyn. C php: = INT(number) = TRUNC(number [, num_digits])

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number: S cn lm trn num_digits: L mt s nguyn, ch cch m bn mun ct bt s

num_digits > 0 : nu number l mt s thp phn, th num_digits ch ra s con s thp phn m bn mun gi li (sau du phy) num_digits = 0 hoc khng nhp: ct b ht phn thp phn ca number (nu c) num_digits < 0 : lm trn number thnh mt s nguyn v lm trn number sang tri thnh mt bi s ca 10 (xem thm v d) Hm INT() lm trn mt s ti s nguyn gn nht i vi s dng, hm INT() v TRUNC() cho kt qu ging nhau (num_digits ca TRUNC() = 0 hoc khng c), nhng i vi s m th hai hm ny s cho kt qu hon ton khc nhau. V d: INT( 123.456) = 123 | TRUNC( 123.456) = 123 INT(-123.456) = -124 | TRUNC(-123.456) = -123 Khi num_digits khc 0, TRUNC() khc hn vi ROUND() ch: ROUND() th lm trn, cn TRUNC() ch ct b bt s ch khng lm trn. Mt s v d v hm TRUNC()

Dng TRUNC() sa li Excel Excel c mt s li rt v duyn m chc hn trong chng ta ai cng vi ln nhc u vi n. Nht l khi lm vic vi s thp phn. Ti xin nu mt v d rt nh: bn 2.02 tr 2.01 bng bao nhiu ? Chc cc bn s ci. Con nt cng bit: -6-

2.02 - 2.01 = 0.01 Nhng Excel th khng bit ! Cc bn th nhp php tnh 2.02 - 2.01 vo mt no , ri cho ny c 16 s l xem, cc bn s thy Excel lm ton: 2.02 - 2.01 = 0.0100000000000002 Sao y? Nu cc bn dng kt qu ca 2.02-2.01 lm mt tham s ca VLOOKUP(), cc bn c nhn c kt qu chnh xc khng ? chc n, ti dng ci ny: = TRUNC(2.02 - 2.01, 2) = 0.01 By gi th nh dng c n 100 s l cng vn ng. Hm SUM() Khi cng cc gi tr vi nhau trong Excel, ta c th dng du cng (+) hoc dng hm SUM() C php: = SUM(number1 [, number2...]) Trong Excel 2007, bn c th dng SUM() tnh tng ca 255 gi tr li vi nhau (trong nhng version trc, con s ny ch l 30) V d: = SUM(A2:A13, C2:C13, E2:E13) Hm MOD() Dng ly s d ca mt php chia C php: = MOD(number, divisor) number: S b chia divisor: S chia V d: MOD(24, 10) = 4 (24 chia 10 c 2, d 4) Cng cc cch nhau mt s hng c nh C mt bi ton nh sau: Trong mt ct d liu, ngi ta mun tnh tng ca cch cch nhau mi n hng no . V d, trong dy A1:A20, tnh tng ca cc cch nhau 5 , ngha l ly A1 + A6 + A11 + A16 Ni ti hng, ta ngh n hm ROW(): ROW(A1) = 1, ROW(A6) = 6, v.v... V v d va nu trn y, ta cc con s 1, 6, 11, 16 khi em chia cho 5 u d 1, vy ta ngh n hm MOD(), ly s th t ca hng chia cho 5: MOD(ROW(A1), 5) = 1, MOD(ROW(A6), 5) = 1, v.v... Vy ta s lp cng thc cho mng A1:A20: Xt trong khi A1:A20, no c s th t ca hng chia cho 5 m d 1, th ly cc cng li: {= SUM(IF(MOD(ROW(A1:A20), 5) = 1, A1:A20, 0))} Hay c th hn, gi dy tnh tng l range, v s hng cch nhau gia cc l n, ta s c cng thc: {= SUM(IF(MOD(ROW(range), n) = 1, range, 0))}

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Con s 1 y khng phi l con s c nh, m n l s d ca php chia ca s th t cho n. Do , ty vo iu kin ca bi ton m ta thay bng con s thch hp. Chng hn, cng v d trn y, nh ta mun tnh tng ca cc A2, A7, A12, A17 th cng thc s l: {= SUM(IF(MOD(ROW(A1:A20), 5) = 2, A1:A20, 0))} (2 l s d ca 2, 7, 12, 17 cho 5) Cng cc c s th t hng l chn, hoc c s th t hng l l T bi ton trn y, ta c cng thc cng cc c s th t hng lm chn: {= SUM(IF(MOD(ROW(Range), 2) = 0, Range, 0))} V cng thc cng cc c s th t hng lm l: {= SUM(IF(MOD(ROW(Range), 2) = 1, Range, 0))}

Xem mt nm c phi l nm nhun hay khng Nu bn mun c mt cng thc xem th mt nm no c phi l nm nhun hay khng, bn c th dng hm MOD(). Nm nhun, l nm chia ht cho 4, hay php d ca php chia s nm cho 4 th bng 0 cng thc sau y: = MOD(year, 4) S nm phi l mt con s c 4 ch s. Cng thc trn ch ng trong khong t nm 1901 n 2099 (c l chng ta cng sng ti a trong khong thi gian ny thi). Cng thc ny khng ng vi nm 1900 v 2100, bi v iu kin tnh nm nhun cn c chuyn: Nm nhun l nm chia ht cho 4, nu nm ny tn cng bng hai con s 0 th n phi chia ht cho 400 (v d, nm 2000). Vy, c mt cng thc ng cho tt c mi nm, ta lm mt cng thc lun l nh sau: = (MOD(year, 4) = 0) - (MOD(year, 100) = 0) + (MOD(year, 400) = 0) Nu cng thc ny cho p s l 1 (TRUE), th l nm nhun, cn nu cho p s l 0 (FALSE), th khng phi l nm nhun.

ng dng ca hm MOD() trong nh dng bng tnh Chc cng c mt lc no , bn thch nh dng cho bng tnh ca mnh theo kiu Ledger Shading. Ledger Shading l kiu nh dng cc hng c mu xen k nhau (v d, xanh v trng). Loi nh dng ny thch hp cho nhng danh sch di, c nhiu ct, gip ta phn bit c hng ny vi hng kia cch d dng, t khi b nhn lm d liu gia cc hng... Hnh sau y l mt v d:

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D nhin l vic ny rt d thc hin, chng ta ch cn chn cc hng xen k nhau v t mu cho n. Tuy nhin, nu lm th cng bng tay, th s c mt s bt tin sau: - Rt lu cho nhng bng d liu ln. - Mi khi chn thm mt hng hoc xa bt mt hng, th phi nh dng li. trnh nhng bt tin , bn c th dng mt lin kt gia hm MOD() v chc nng Conditional Formatting (nh dng c iu kin) ca Excel. Cch lm nh sau: 1. Chn vng bn mun nh dng 2. Gi hp thoi Conditional Formatting, v chn New Ruler m hp thoi New Formatting Ruler 3. Chn Use a Formula to Determine Which Cells to Format 4. Trong khung Format values where this formular is true, g cng thc = MOD(ROW(), 2)

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5. Nhn nt Format... m hp thoi Format Cells 6. Chn tab Fills, chn mu bn thch t cho cc hng xen k vi mu trng, ri nhn OK quay v hp thoi New Formatting Ruler 7. Nhn OK Cng thc = MOD(ROW(), 2) s tr v 1 cho nhng hng c s th t l v tr v 0 cho nhng hng c s th t chn. Bi v 1 th tng ng vi TRUE, nn Excel s p dng mu t m bn chn cho tt c nhng hng c s th t l trong vng bn mun nh dng, v b qua nhng hng c s th t chn. Tng t,

Nu mun nh dng cc ct c mu xen k, bn ch cn thay cng thc trn thnh: = MOD(COLUMN(), 2) Nu thch nh dng cho hng c s th t l th khng t mu, cn hng c s th t chn mi t mu, bn thay i cng thc trn mt t: = MOD(ROW() + 1, 2)

Ly mt s ngu nhin
i khi, chng ta cn c mt d liu m phng th nghim mt cng vic, mt k hoch g , v cn in mt vi con s vo c ci m th nghim. Trong nhiu trng hp, chng ta s cn c nhng con s ngu nhin, khng bit trc. Excel cung cp cho chng ta hai hm ly s ngu nhin, l RAND() v RANDBETWEEN(). - 10 -

Hm RAND() C php: = RAND() Hm RAND() tr v mt con s ngu nhin ln hn hoc bng 0 v nh hn 1. Nu dng hm ly mt gi tr thi gian, th RAND() l hm thch hp nht. Bn cnh , cng c nhng cch p RAND() cung cp cho chng ta nhng con s ngu nhin nm gia hai gi tr no .

ly mt s ngu nhin ln hn hoc bng 0 v nh hn n, ta dng c php:

RAND() * n V d, cng thc sau y s cung cp cho chng ta mt con s ngu nhin gia 0 v 30: = RAND() * 30

Trng hp khc, m rng hn, chng ta cn c mt con s ngu nhin ln hn hoc bng s m no , v nh hn s n no , ta dng c php:

RAND() * (n - m) + m V d, ly mt s ngu nhin ln hn hoc bng 100 v nh hn 200, ta dng cng thc: = RAND() * (200 - 100) + 100 Lu : Do hm RAND() l mt hm bin i (volatile function), tc l kt qu do RAND() cung cp c th thay i mi khi bn cp nht bng tnh hoc m li bng tnh, ngay c khi bn thay i mt no trong bng tnh... c mt kt qu ngu nhin nhng khng thay i, bn dng cch sau: Sau khi nhp cng thc = RAND() vo, bn nhn F9 v sau nhn Enter. ng tc ny s ly mt con s ngu nhin ngay ti thi im g cng thc, nhng sau th lun dng con s ny, v trong nhp cng thc s khng cn hm RAND() na.

Ly mt s ngu nhin
bi trn, ti trnh by cch ly mt s ngu nhin nm trong mt khong {n, m} no : = RAND() * (n - m) + m C mt hm na trong Excel c chc nng tng t cng thc trn: Hm RANDBETWEEN(). RANDBETWEEN() ch khc RAND() ch: RANDBETWEEN() cho kt qu l s nguyn, cn RAND() th cho kt qu va l s nguyn va l s thp phn. Hm RANDBETWEEN() Hm RANDBETWEEN() tr v mt s nguyn ngu nhin nm trong mt khong cho trc. - 11 -

C php: = RANDBETWEEN(bottom, top) bottom: S nh nht trong dy tm s ngu nhin (kt qu s ln hn hoc bng s ny) top: S ln nht trong dy tm s ngu nhin (kt qu s nh hn hoc bng s ny) V d: = RANDBETWEEN(0, 59) s cho kt qu l mt s nguyn nm trong khong 0 ti 59.

Cc hm ton hc khc
Hm ABS() Ly tr tuyt i ca mt s C php: = ABS(number) number: S mun tnh tr tuyt i V d: ABS(2) = 2 ABS(-5) = 5 ABS(A2) = 7 (A2 ang cha cng thc = 3.5 x -2)

Hm COMBIN() Tr v s t hp ca mt s phn t cho trc C php: = COMBIN(number, number_chosen) number: Tng s phn t number_chosen: S phn t trong mi t hp Ch :

Nu cc i s l s thp phn, hm ch ly phn nguyn Nu cc i s khng phi l s, COMBIN s bo li #VALUE! Nu number < 0, number_chosen < 0, hoc number < number_chosen, COMBIN s bo li #NUM! T hp khc vi hon v: T hp khng quan tm n th t ca cc phn t trong mi t hp; cn hon v th th t ca mi phn t u c ngha. COMBIN c tnh nh cng thc sau y (vi n = number, k = number_chosen)

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Trong :

V d: Vi 4 phn t Mai, Lan, Cc, Trc c th xp c bao nhiu t hp khc nhau, vi mi t hp gm 2 phn t ? = COMBIN(4, 2) = 6 6 t hp ny l: Mai-Lan, Mai-Cc, Mai-Trc, Lan-Cc, Lan-Trc v Cc-Trc Hm EXP() Tnh ly tha ca c s e (2.71828182845905...) C php: = EXP(number) number: s m ca c s e Lu : - tnh ly tha ca c s khc, bn c th dng ton t ^ (du m), hoc dng hm POWER() - Hm EXP() l nghch o ca hm LN(): tnh logarit t nhin ca mt s V d: EXP(1) = 2.718282 (l chnh c s e) EXP(2) = 7.389056 (bnh phng ca e) Hm FACT() Tnh giai tha ca mt s. C php: = FACT(number) number: s cn tnh giai tha Lu : - number phi l mt s dng - Nu number l s thp phn, FACT() s ly phn nguyn ca number tnh V d: FACT(5) = 120 (5! = 1 x 2 x 3 x 4 x 5 = 120)

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FACT(2.9) = 2 (2! = 1 x 2 = 2) FACT(0) = 1 (0! = 1) FACT(-3) = #NUM!

Hm FACTDOUBLE() Tnh giai tha cp hai ca mt s. Giai tha cp hai (k hiu bng hai du !!) c tnh nh sau: - Vi s chn: n!! = n x (n-2) x (n-4) x ... x 4 x 2 - Vi s l: n!! = n x (n-2) x (n-4) x ... x 3 x 1 C php: = FACTDOUBLE(number) number: s cn tnh giai tha cp hai Lu : - number phi l mt s dng - Nu number l s thp phn, FACTDOUBLE() s ly phn nguyn ca number tnh V d: FACTDOUBLE(6) = 48 (6!! = 6 x 4 x 2 = 24) FACTDOUBLE(7) = 105 (7!! = 7 x 5 x 3 x 1 = 105) Hm GCD() GCD l vit tt ca ch Greatest Common Divisor: c s chung ln nht. C php: = GCD(number1, number2 [,number3...]) number1, number2...: nhng s m bn bn cn tm c s chung ln nht GCD() c th tm c s chung ln nht ca mt dy c n 255 gi tr (vi Excel 2003 tr v trc th con s ny l 19) Lu : Nu c bt k mt number no < 0, GCD() s bo li #NUM! Nu c bt k mt number no khng phi l mt con s, GDC() s bo li #VALUE! Nu number l s thp phn, GCD() ch tnh ton vi phn nguyn ca n. V d: GCD(5, 2) = 1 ; GCD(24, 36) = 12 ; GCD(5, 0) = 5

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Hm LCM() LCM l vit tt ca ch Lowest common multiple: Bi s chung nh nht. C php: = LCM(number1, number2 [,number3...]) number1, number2...: nhng s m bn bn cn tm bi s chung nh nht LCM() c th tm bi s chung nh nht ca mt dy c n 255 gi tr (vi Excel 2003 tr v trc th con s ny l 19) Lu : Nu c bt k mt number no < 0, GDC() s bo li #NUM! Nu c bt k mt number no khng phi l mt con s, GDC() s bo li #VALUE! Nu number l s thp phn, LCM() ch tnh ton vi phn nguyn ca n. V d: LCM(5, 2) = 10 ; LCM(24, 36) = 72 Hm LN() Tnh logarit t nhin ca mt s (logarit c s e = 2.71828182845905...) C php: = LN(number) number: s thc, dng m ta mun tnh logarit t nhin (logarit c s e) ca n Lu : - Hm LN() l nghch o ca hm EXP(): tnh ly tha ca c s e V d: LN(86) = 4.454347 (logarit c s e ca 86) LN(2.7181818) = 1 (logarit c s e ca e) LN(EXP(3)) = 3 (logarit c s e ca e lp phng) Hm LOG() Tnh logarit ca mt s vi c s c ch nh C php: = LOG(number [, base]) number: S thc, dng m ta mun tnh logarit t nhin (logarit c s e) ca n base: C s tnh logarit (mc nh l 10) - Nu b trng, hm LOG() tng ng vi hm LOG10() V d: LOG(10) = 1 (logarit c s 10 ca 10) LOG(8, 2) = 3 (logarit c s 2 ca 8) LOG(86, 2.7182818) = 4.454347 (logarit c s e ca 86) Hm LOG10()

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Tnh logarit c s 10 ca mt s C php: = LOG10(number) number: s thc, dng m ta mun tnh logarit t nhin (logarit c s e) ca n V d: LOG10(10) = LOG(10) = 1 (logarit c s 10 ca 10) LOG10(86) = LOG(86) = 1.93449845 (logarit c s 10 ca 86) LOG10(1E5) = 5 (logarit c s 10 ca 1E5) LOG10(10^5) = 5 (logarit c s 10 ca 10^5)

Hm v ma trn
Trc khi trnh by cc hm v ma trn, xin gii thch cht xu v nh ngha ma trn. nh ngha Ma Trn Ma trn l mt bng c m hng v n ct

A cn c gi l mt ma trn c m x n Mt phn t hng th i v ct th j s c k hiu l Mt ma trn A c m = n gi l ma trn vung Hm MDETERM() MDETERM vit tt t ch Matrix Determinant: nh thc ma trn Hm ny dng tnh nh thc ca mt ma trn vung C php: = MDETERM(array) array: mng gi tr cha ma trn vung (c s hng v s ct bng nhau) Lu : - array c th mt dy nh A1:C3; hoc mt mng nh {1,2,3 ; 4,5,6 ; 7,8,9}; hoc l mt khi c t tn... - Hm MDETERM() s bo li #VALUE! khi:

array khng phi l ma trn vung (s hng khc s ct) C bt k 1 v tr no trong array l rng hoc khng phi l d liu kiu s

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- Hm MDETERM() c th tnh chnh xc vi ma trn 4 x 4 (c 16 k s) - V d v cch tnh ton ca hm MDETERM() vi ma trn 3 x 3 (A1:C3): MDETERM(A1:C3) = A1*(B2*C3 - B3*C2) + A2*(B3*C1 - B1*C3) + A3*(B1*C2 - B2*C1) V d: MDETERM(A1:D4) = 88

MDETERM(A1:C4) = #VALUE! (A1:C4 khng phi l ma trn vung) MDETERM({3,6,1 ; 1,1,0 ; 3,10,2}) = 1 MDETERM({3,6 ; 1,1}) = 1

Hm MINVERSE() MINVERSE vit tt t ch Matrix Inverse: Ma trn nghch o Hm ny dng tnh ma trn nghch o ca mt ma trn vung C php: = MINVERSE(array) array: mng gi tr cha ma trn vung (c s hng v s ct bng nhau) Lu : - array c th mt dy nh A1:C3; hoc mt mng nh {1,2,3 ; 4,5,6 ; 7,8,9}; hoc l mt khi c t tn... - Ging hm MDETERM, hm MINVERSE() s bo li #VALUE! khi:

array khng phi l ma trn vung (s hng khc s ct) C bt k 1 v tr no trong array l rng hoc khng phi l d liu kiu s Ma trn khng th tnh nghch o (v d ma trn c nh thc = 0)

- Hm MINVERSE() c th tnh chnh xc vi ma trn 4 x 4 (c 16 k s) V d v cch s dng hm MINVERSE(): V d bn c mt ma trn A1:D4, tm ma trn nghch o ca ma trn ny, bn qut chn mt khi tng ng vi A1:D4, v d A6:D9 (cng c 4 hng v 4 ct), ti A6, g cng thc = MINVERSE(A1:D4)

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v sau nhn Ctrl-Shift-Enter, bn s c kt qu ti A6:D9 l mt ma trn nghch o ca ma trn A1:D4

Hm MMULT() MMULT vit tt t ch Matrix Multiple: Ma trn tch Hm ny dng tnh tch ca hai ma trn C php: = MMULT(array1, array2) array1, array 2: mng gi tr cha ma trn Lu : - array1, array2 c th mt dy nh A1:C3; hoc mt mng nh {1,2,3 ; 4,5,6 ; 7,8,9}; hoc l mt khi c t tn... - S ct ca array1 phi bng s dng ca array2 - Cng thc tnh tch hai ma trn (A = B x C) c dng nh sau:

Trong : i l s hng ca array1 (B), j l s ct ca array2 (C); n l s ct ca array1 (= s dng ca array2) - Nu c bt k mt phn t no trong hai ma trn l rng hoc khng phi l d liu kiu s, MMULT() s bo li #VALUE! - c kt qu chnh xc ma trn kt qu, phi dng cng thc mng V d: Mi bn xem hnh sau:

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 tnh tch ca hai ma trn B v C, qut chn khi C7:D8 g cng thc = MMULT(A2:C3,E2:F4) ri nhn Ctrl-Shift-Enter s c kt qu l ma trn A nh trn hnh.

Cc hm ton hc khc
Hm MULTINOMIAL() Dng tnh t l gia giai tha tng v tch giai tha ca cc s Xin v d cho d hiu: Gi s ta c 3 s a, b v c

C php: = MULTINOMIAL(number1, number2, ...) number1, number2,... : l nhng con s m ta mun tnh t l gia giai tha tng v tch giai tha ca chng Ghi ch:

number1, number2, ... c th ln n 255 con s (vi Excel 2003 tr v trc, con s ny ch l 30) Nu c bt k mt number no khng phi l d liu kiu s, MULTINOMIAL() s bo li #VALUE! Nu c bt k mt number no < 0, MULTINOMIAL() s bo li #NUM!

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V d: MULTINOMIAL(2, 3, 4) = 1,260

Cc hm ton hc khc
Hm PI() Tr v gi tr ca s Pi = 3.14159265358979, ly chnh xc n 15 ch s. C php: = PI() Hm ny khng c tham s V d: PI() = 3.14159265358979 PI()/2 = 1.570796327 PI()*(3^2) = 28.27433388 Hm POWER() Tnh ly tha ca mt s. C th dng ton t ^ thay cho hm ny. V d: POWER(2, 10) = 2^10 C php: = POWER(number, power) number: S cn tnh ly tha power: S m V d: POWER(5, 2) = 25 POWER(98.6, 3.2) = 2,401,077 POWER(4, 5/4) = 5.656854 Hm PRODUCT() Dng tnh tch ca cc s C php: = PRODUCT(number1, number2, ...) number1, number2,... : l nhng con s m ta mun tnh t l gia giai tha tng v tch giai tha ca chng Ghi ch:

number1, number2, ... c th ln n 255 con s (vi Excel 2003 tr v trc, con s ny ch l 30) Nu cc number nm trong mt mng d liu, th ch c nhng gi tr kiu s trong mng mi c tnh; nhng gi tr khng phi l kiu s s c b qua.

V d: PRODUCT(2, 3, 4) = 24

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Hm QUOTIENT() Ly phn nguyn ca php chia. C php: = QUOTIENT(numberator, denominator) numberator: S b chia denominator: S chia Ghi ch:

Nu cc thng s khng phi l d liu kiu s, hm s bo li #VALUE! Hm ny tng ng vi hm INT(): QUOTIENT(a, b) = INT(a/b)

V d: QUOTIENT(5, 2) = 2 QUOTIENT(4.5, 3.1) = 1 QUOTIENT(-10, 3) = -3 Hm ROMAN() Dng chuyn i mt s dng -rp sang dng s La-m C php: = ROMAN(number, form) number: S cn chuyn i form: dng chuyn i 0 (hoc TRUE, hoc khng nhp): Dng c in 1 cho n 3: Dng c in nhng c rt gn, s cng ln rt gn cng nhiu (xem thm v d) 4 (hoc FALSE): Dng hin i Ch :

number phi l s dng, nu number < 0 hm s bo li #VALUE! Nu number l s thp phn, ROMAN() ch chuyn i phn nguyn ca n Hm ROMAN() ch x l c ti s ln nht l 3999, nu number > 3999 hm s bo li #VALUE! Sau khi chuyn i, kt qu s l mt d liu dng text, v khng th tnh ton vi n c na

V d: ROMAN(499, 0) = CDXCIX = ROMAN(499) = ROMAN(499, TRUE) ROMAN(499, 1) = LDVLIV ROMAN(499, 2) = XDIX

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ROMAN(499, 3) = VDIV ROMAN(499, 4) = ID = ROMAN(499, FALSE) ROMAN(2008) = MMVIII Hm SERIESSUM() Dng tnh tng ly tha ca mt chui s, theo cng thc sau y:

C php: = SERIESSUM(x, n, m, coefficients) x : gi tr nhp vo cho chui ly tha n : ly tha khi to tng ti x m : bc tng cho mi phn t trong chui coefficients : tp hp h s s c nhn vi mi ly tha ca x Cc thng s ny phi l cc d liu kiu s, nu khng, hm s bo li #VALUE! V d: SERIESSUM(5, 0, 2, {1, 2, 3, 4}) = 64,426 Din gii chi tit: (x = 5, n = 0, m = 2, coefficients = 1, 2, 3, 4)

Hm SIGN() Tr v du ca s: 1 nu l s dng, 0 (zero) nu l s 0 v -1 nu l s m. C php: = SIGN(number) V d: SIGN(10) = 1 SIGN(4-4) = 0 SIGN(-0.057) = -1

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Hm SQRT() Dng tnh cn bc hai ca mt s C php: = SQRT(number) number: S thc, dng (nu number < 0 hm s bo li #NUM!) V d: Gi s A2, c con s -16 SQRT(16) = 4 SQRT(A2) = #NUM! SQRT(ABS(A2)) = 4 Hm SQRTPI() Dng tnh cn bc hai ca mt s nhn vi Pi (= 3.14159265358979) C php: = SQRTPI(number) number: S thc, dng nhn vi Pi (nu number < 0 hm s bo li #NUM!) V d: Gi s A2, c con s -16 SQRT(1) = 1.772454 (cn bc hai ca Pi) SQRT(2) = 2.506628 (cn bc hai ca 2*Pi)

Hm SUBTOTAL() (c tham kho bi vit ca Ttphong2007) Hm SUBTOTAL l mt hm rt linh hot nhng cng l mt trong cc hm hi kh s dng ca Excel. iu kh hiu th nht chnh l ci tn ca n, v n thc s lm c nhiu th hn ngha ca tn hm. i s th nht ca hm bt buc bn phi nh con s i din cho php tnh cn thc hin trn tp s liu (trong Excel 2007 c tnh nng AutoComplete gip chng ta khi nh cc con s ny). Hm SUBTOTAL c Microsoft nng cp k t phin bn Excel 2003 vi s gia tng cc tu chn cho i s th nht ca hm, tuy nhin iu ny dn n s khng tng thch vi cc phin bn c nu chng ta s dng cc tnh nng mi b sung ny. i s u tin ca ca hm SUBTOTAL xc nh hm thc s no s c s dng khi tnh ton (xem trong danh sch bn di). V d nu i s l 1 th hm SUBTOTAL hot ng ging nhng hm AVERAGE, nu i s th nht l 9 th hm hm SUBTOTAL hot ng ging nhng hm SUM. SUBTOTAL l hm tnh ton cho mt nhm con trong mt danh sch hoc bng d liu tu theo php tnh m bn chn la trong i s th nht. C php: = SUBTOTAL(function_num, ref1, ref2,...) Function_num: Cc con s t 1 n 11 (hay 101 n 111) qui nh hm no s c dng tnh ton trong SUBTOTAL

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Ref1, ref2: Cc vng a ch tham chiu m bn mun thc hin php tnh trn . Trong Excel 2007, bn c th dng n 254 ref (vi Excel 2003 tr v trc th con s ny ch l 29) Ghi ch:

Nu c hm SUBTOTAL khc t lng trong cc i s ref1, ref2, th cc hm lng ny s b b qua khng c tnh, nhm trnh trng hp tnh ton 2 ln. i s function_num nu t 1 n 11 th hm SUBTOTAL tnh ton bao gm c cc gi tr n trong tp s liu (hng n). i s function_num nu t 101 n 111 th hm SUBTOTAL ch tnh ton cho cc gi tr khng n trong tp s liu (b qua cc gi tr n). Hm SUBTOTAL s b qua khng tnh ton tt c cc hng b n bi lnh Filter (Auto Filter) m khng ph thuc vo i s function_num c dng (1 ging 101...). Hm SUBTOTAL c thit k tnh ton cho cc ct s liu theo chiu dc, n khng c thit k tnh theo chiu ngang. Hm ny ch tnh ton cho d liu 2-D, do vy nu d liu tham chiu dng 3-D (V d v tham chiu 3-D: =SUM(Sheet2:Sheet13!B5) th hm SUBTOTAL bo li #VALUE!

V d: SUBTOTAL(9, {120, 10, 150, 23}) = 303 = 120 + 10 + 150 + 23 SUBTOTAL(1, {120, 10, 150, 23}) = 75.75 = (120 + 10 + 150 + 23) / 4

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Hm SUMPRODUCT() Sum = Tng / Product = Tch SUMPRODUCT = Tng ca tch (cc mng d liu) C php: = SUMPRODUCT(array1, array2, ...) array1, array2, ... : C th dng t 2 ti 255 mng (vi Excel 2003 tr v trc th con s ny ch l 30) v cc mng ny phi cng kch thc vi nhau Lu :

Nu cc mng khng cng kch thc, SUMPRODUCT s bo li #VALUE! Bt k mt phn t no trong mng khng phi l d liu kiu s, s c SUMPRODUCT coi nh bng 0 (zero)

V d:

SUMPRODUCT(A1:B3, C1:D3) = 156 Cch tnh: 156 = (3*2)+(4*7)+(8*6)+(6*7)+(1*5)+(9*3) Nu dng SUM() vi cng thc mng, s cho kt qu tng ng: {SUM(A1:B3 * C1:D3)} = SUMPRODUCT(A1:B3, C1:D3) = 156 Mi bn c thm: SUMPRODUCT v Cng thc mng Hm SUMSQ() Dng tnh tng cc bnh phng ca cc s C php: = SUMSQ(number1, number2, ...) number1, number2, ... : C th dng n 255 tham s (vi Excel 2003 tr v trc, con s ny ch l 30) Cc tham s (number) c th l mt s, l mt mng, mt tn, hay l mt tham chiu n mt cha s, v.v... V d: SUMSQ(3, 4) = (3^2) + (4^2) = 9 + 16 = 25 Hm SUMX2MY2(), Hm SUMXPY2() v Hm SUMXMY2() d nh tn ca ba hm ny, bn c chng t tri sang phi vi cc quy c sau: SUM = Tng, M (Minus) = Tr (hiu s), P (Plus) = Cng (tng s), 2 = Bnh phng, X v Y l hai mng g , c cha nhiu phn t x v y

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Vy, nh ngha v cch tnh ton ca 3 hm ny l:

SUMX2MY2: Tng ca hiu hai bnh phng ca cc phn t tng ng trong 2 mng d liu

SUMX2PY2: Tng ca tng hai bnh phng ca cc phn t tng ng trong 2 mng d liu

SUMXMY2: Tng ca bnh phng ca hiu cc phn t tng ng trong 2 mng d liu

C php: = SUMX2MY2(array_x, array_y) = SUMX2PY2(array_x, array_y) = SUMXMY2(array_x, array_y) array_x v array_y l cc dy hoc gi tr kiu mng Lu :

array_x v array_y bt buc phi c cng kch thc, nu khng, hm s bo li #NA! Nu trong array_x hoc array_y c nhng gi tr kiu text, kiu logic hoc rng, th s c b qua (khng tnh), tuy nhin cc gi tr = 0 vn c tnh.

V d: Vi hai mng X = {1, 2, 3, 4} v Y = {5, 6, 7, 8} SUMX2MY2({1, 2, 3, 4}, {5, 6, 7, 8}) = -144 = (1^2 - 5^2) + (2^2 - 6^2) + (3^2 - 7^2) + (4^2 - 8^2) = -144 SUMX2PY2({1, 2, 3, 4}, {5, 6, 7, 8}) = 204 = (1^2 + 5^2) + (2^2 + 6^2) + (3^2 + 7^2) + (4^2 + 8^2) = -204 SUMXMY2({1, 2, 3, 4}, {5, 6, 7, 8}) = 64 = (1 - 5)^2 + (2 - 6)^2 + (3 - 7)^2 + (4 - 8)^2 = 64 Hm SUMIF() Tnh tng cc trong mt vng tha mt iu kin cho trc. C php: = SUMIF(range, criteria, sum_range) Range : Dy cc tnh tng, c th l cha s, tn, mng, hay tham chiu n cc cha s. rng v cha gi tr text s c b qua. - 26 -

Criteria : iu kin tnh tng. C th dng s, biu thc, hoc text. V d, criteria c th l 32, "32", "> 32", hoc "apple", v.v... Sum_range : L vng thc s tnh tng. Nu b qua, Excel s coi nh sum_range = range. Lu :

Sum_range khng nht thit phi cng kch thc vi range. Vng thc s tnh tng c xc nh bng u tin pha trn bn tri ca sum_range, v bao gm thm nhng tng ng vi kch thc ca range. V d: - Nu Range l A1:A5, Sum_range l B1:B5, th vng thc s tnh tng l B1:B5 - Nu Range l A1:A5, Sum_range l B1:B3, th vng thc s tnh tng l B1:B5 - Nu Range l A1:B4, Sum_range l C1:D4, th vng thc s tnh tng l C1:D4 - Nu Range l A1:B4, Sum_range l C1:D2, th vng thc s tnh tng l C1:D4

C th dng cc k t i din trong iu kin: du ? i din cho mt k t, du * i din cho nhiu k t (nu nh iu kin l tm nhng du ? hoc *, th g thm du ~ trc du ? hay *). Khi iu kin tnh tng l nhng k t, SUMIF() khng phn bit ch thng hay ch hoa.

V d: C bng tnh nh sau

Tnh tng ca nhng hu hng m c doanh thu > 160,000 ? = SUMIF(A2:A5, ">160000", B2:B5) = 63,000 Tnh tng ca nhng doanh thu > 160,000 ? = SUMIF(A2:A5, ">160000") = 900,000 Tnh tng ca nhng hu hng m c doanh thu = 300,000 ? = SUMIF(A2:A5, "=300000", B2:B3) = 21,000

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Hm SUMIFS() Tnh tng cc trong mt vng tha nhiu iu kin cho trc. C php: = SUMIFS(sum_range, criteria_range1, criteria1, criteria_range2, criteria2, ...) Sum_range : Dy cc tnh tng, c th l cha s, tn, mng, hay tham chiu n cc cha s. rng v cha gi tr text s c b qua. Criteria_range1, criteria_range2... : C th c t 1 n 127 vng dng lin kt vi cc iu kin cho vng. Criteria1, criteria2... : C th c t 1 n 127 iu kin tnh tng. Chng c th dng s, biu thc, hoc text. V d, criteria c th l 32, "32", "> 32", hoc "apple", v.v... Lu :

Mi trong sum_range ch c tnh tng nu tt c cc iu kin tng ng vi u ng. Nu tha cc iu kin, n s bng 1, cn khng, th n bng 0. Khng ging nh nhng i s range v criteria ca hm SUMIF, trong hm SUMIFS, mi vng criteria_range phi c cng kch thc v hnh dng ging nh sum_range. C th dng cc k t i din trong cc iu kin: du ? i din cho mt k t, du * i din cho nhiu k t (nu nh iu kin l tm nhng du ? hoc *, th g thm du ~ trc du ? hay *)

Khi iu kin m l nhng k t, SUMIFS() khng phn bit ch thng hay ch hoa.

V d 1: C bng tnh nh sau

Tnh tng s tin ca cc ti khon c li sut nm 2000 > 3% v li sut nm 2001 2% ? SUMIFS(B2:E2, B3:E3, ">3%", B4:E4, ">=2%") = $500 Tnh tng s tin ca cc ti khon c li sut nm 2002 l t 1% n 3% v li sut nm 2001 > 1% ? SUMIFS(B2:E2, B5:E5, ">= 1%", B5:E5, "<= 3%", B4:E4, "> 1%") = $8,711

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V d 2: C bng tnh nh sau

Hy tnh tng lng ma ca nhng ngy c nhit trung bnh > 40 () v tc gi trung bnh < 10 (miles/gi) ? SUMIFS(B2:E3, B4:E5, ">= 40", B6:E7, "< 10") = 3.5 (inches)

------- HT PHN EXCEL'S MATH FUNCTIONS -------

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