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Chuyên đề 14. Hình học giải tích trong mặt phẳng
Chuyên đề 14. Hình học giải tích trong mặt phẳng
Chuyên đề 14. Hình học giải tích trong mặt phẳng
MAT PHANG
Chuyen e 14:
e2
e1
x'
O
y'
Quy c : Mat phang ma tren o co chon he truc toa o e-Cac vuong goc Oxy c goi la mat phang
Oxy va ky hieu la : mp(Oxy)
II. Toa o cua mot iem va cua mot vec t:
1. nh ngha 1: Cho M mp(Oxy ) . Khi o vec t OM c bieu dien mot cach duy nhat theo
y
Q
e2
x'
e1
O
vi x,y
M ( x; y )
y'
/n
OM = xe1 + ye2
y
M
y
x'
x = OP
va y=OQ
y'
2. nh ngha 2: Cho a mp(Oxy ) . Khi o vec t a c bieu dien mot cach duy nhat theo
e1 , e2 bi he thc co dang : a = a1 e1 + a2 e2
vi a1 ,a2
/n
a=(a1;a2 )
K
A
A2
e1
O
a = a1 e1 + a2 e2
a1 = A1B1
x
A1
y'
B1
91
va a2 =A2 B2
x
P
y'
B
H
e2
y
B2
x'
B( x B ; y B )
AB = ( xB x A ; yB y A )
nh ly 2:
A( x A ; y A )
a
a1 = b1
* a=b
a2 = b2
* a + b = (a1 + b1; a2 + b2 )
* a b = (a1 b1; a2 b2 )
* k .a = (ka1; ka2 )
(k )
b
b
a
!k
sao cho a = k .b
nh ly 4 :
a cung phng b
a1.b2 a2 .b1 = 0
92
a = ( a1 ; a 2 )
a = (1;2)
VD :
b = (b1 ; b2 )
b = ( 2;4)
a.b = a . b .cos(a, b)
b
O
a =a
nh ly 6:
ab
x'
a.b = 0
a.b = a1b1 + a2 b2
a
y'
a = a12 + a22
nh ly 8:
Neu A( x A ; y A ) va B(x B ; yB ) th
AB = ( x B x A )2 + ( yB y A )2
nh ly 9:
A( x A ; y A )
B( x B ; y B )
ab
a.b
a.b
a1b1 + a2 b2 = 0
a = (a1; a2 ) va b = (b1; b2 ) ta co
a1b1 + a2 b2
a12 + a22 . b12 + b2 2
x
=
M
1 k
y
y = A k .yB
M
1 k
ac biet :
x A + xB
x M =
2
M la trung iem cua AB
y = y A + yB
M
2
x G =
3
1. G la trong tam tam giac ABC GA + GB + GC = 0
+
y
y
B + yC
y = A
G
3
AH BC
AH .BC = 0
2. H la trc tam tam giac ABC
A
BH AC
BH . AC = 0
AA' BC
3. A la chan ng cao ke t A
BA' cung phng BC
IA=IB
4. I la tam ng tron ngoai tiep tam giac ABC
IA=IC
A
G
A
H
A'
'
I
C
AB
.DC
AC
AB '
6. D' la chan ng phan giac ngoai cua goc A cua ABC D ' B =
.D C
B
AC
A
AB
7. J la tam ng tron noi tiep ABC JA =
.JD
BD
J
VIII. Mot so kien thc c ban thng s dung khac:
1. Cong thc tnh dien tch tam giac theo toa o ba nh :
D
B
nh ly 12: Cho tam giac ABC . at AB = (a1; a2 ) va AC = (b1; b2 ) ta co :
A
1
SABC = . a1b2 a2 b1
2
94
C
D
v
u
u+v u + v
u+v
u.v u . v
Dau bang xay ra khi va ch khi u, v la hai vec t cung phng cung chieu hoac la co mot
trong hai vec t la vec t khong .
BAI TAP AP DUNG:
Bai 1: Tm dien tch tam giac co cac nh A(-2;-4), B(2;8), C(10;2)
Bai 2: Cho tam giac ABC co dien tch bang 3 vi A(3;1), B(1;-3)
1. Tm C biet C tren Oy
2. Tm C biet trong tam G cua tam giac tren Oy
Bai 3: Cho A(1;1), B(-3;-2), C(0;1)
1. Tm toa o trong tam G, trc tam H va tam ng tron ngoai tiep I cua tam giac ABC.
2. Chng minh rang G, H, I thang hang va GH = 2GI
3. Ve ng cao AA' cua tam giac ABC. Tm toa o iem A'
Bai 4: Cho tam giac ABC biet A(6;4), B(-4;-1), C(2;-4).
Tm toa o tam va ban knh ng tron ngoai tiep tam giac ABC
Bai 5: Tm toa o trc tam cua tam giac ABC, biet toa o cac nh A( 1; 2), B (5; 7), C (4; 3)
Bai 6: Cho ba iem A(1;6), B(-4;-4), C(4;0)
1. Ve phan giac trong AD va phan giac ngoai AE. Tm toa o D va E
2. Tm toa o tam ng tron noi tiep tam giac ABC
Bai 7: Cho hai iem A(0;2), B ( 3 ;1) . Tm toa o trc tam va toa o tam ng tron ngoai tiep
cua tam giac OAB (TS A 2004)
Bai 8: Cho tam giac ABC co cac nh A(-1;0), B(4;0), C(0;m) vi m 0 . Tm toa o trong tam G
cua tam giac ABC theo m. Xac nh m e tam giac GAB vuong tai G. (TS D 2004).
-------------------Het-------------------
95
()
( )
* Chu y:
Neu ng thang ( ) co VTCP a = (a1; a2 ) th co VTPT la n = (a2 ; a1 )
a
()
M ( x; y )
x = x0 + t.a1
(t )
Phng trnh tham so la : () :
y = y0 + t.a2
M 0 ( x0 ; y 0 )
x x 0 y y0
=
a1
a2
n
M ( x; y )
x
() : A( x x0 ) + B( y y0 ) = 0
M 0 ( x0 ; y 0 )
Ax + By + C = 0 vi A 2 + B 2 0
x
a = ( B ; A)
a = ( B ; A)
Chu y:
T phng trnh ( ):Ax + By + C = 0 ta luon suy ra c :
1. VTPT cua ( ) la n = ( A; B )
2. VTCP cua ( ) la a = ( B; A) hay a = ( B; A)
3. M 0 ( x0 ; y0 ) () Ax0 + By0 + C = 0
Menh e (3) c hieu la :
ieu kien can va u e mot iem nam tren ng thang la toa o iem o
nghiem ung phng trnh cua ng thang .
BAI TAP AP DUNG:
Bai 1: Viet phng trnh tham so cua ng thang biet phng trnh tong quat cua no la 5 x 2 y + 3 = 0
Bai 2: Viet phng trnh tong quat cua ng thang qua M(-1;2) va song song ( ) : 2 x 3 y + 4 = 0
Bai 3: Viet phng trnh tong quat cua ng thang qua N(-1;2) va vuong goc ( ) : 2 x 3 y + 4 = 0
Bai 4: Cho hai iem A(-1;2) va B3;4) . Tm iem C tren ng thang x-2y+1=0 sao cho tam giac
ABC vuong C.
Bai 5: Cho A(1;1) ; B(-1;3) va ng thang d:x+y+4=0.
a) Tm tren d iem C cach eu hai iem A, B.
b) Vi C tm c . Tm D sao cho ABCD la hnh bnh hanh .Tnh dien tch hnh bnh hanh.
97
x xA
y yA
=
x B x A yB y A
( AB) : x = x A
M ( x; y )
O
( AB) : y = y A
B( x B ; y B )
yA
xA
A( x A ; y A )
A( x A ; y A )
A( x A ; y A )
xB
B( x B ; y B )
yA yB
x
B( x B ; y B )
yB
y0
O
x0
y - y 0 = k(x - x 0 )
(1)
Chu y 1: Phng trnh (1) khong co cha phng trnh cua ng thang i qua M0 va vuong goc
Ox nen khi s dung ta can e y xet them ng thang i qua M0 va vuong goc Ox la
x = x0
1 // 2
k1 = k 2
1 2
k1.k2 = 1
1 : Ax + By + m1 = 0
1 : Bx Ay+ m2 = 0
: Ax + By + C 1 = 0
O
M1
x0
x0
M1
: Ax+ By+C1 = 0
y
1
x
1 cat 2
1 // 2
1 2
(1 ) : A1 x + B1y + C1 = 0
( 2 ) : A2 x + B2 y + C2 = 0
A1 x + B1y + C1 = 0
A1 x + B1y = C1
(1)
hay
A2 x + B2 y + C2 = 0
A2 x + B2 y = C2
Chu y: Nghiem duy nhat (x;y) cua he (1) chnh la toa o giao iem M cua (1 ) va ( 2 )
nh ly 1:
i. He (1) vo nghiem
(1 ) //( 2 )
nh ly 2:
(1 ) ( 2 )
Neu A2 ; B2 ; C2 khac 0 th
A1 B1
A 2 B2
ii. (1 ) // ( 2 )
A1 B1 C1
=
A 2 B2 C2
iii. (1 ) ( 2 )
i.
(1 ) cat ( 2 )
A1 B1 C1
=
=
A 2 B2 C2
99
( AB ) : 8 x 3 y + 17 = 0
(1 ) : A1 x + B1y + C1 = 0
( 2 ) : A2 x + B2 y + C2 = 0
cos =
A1 A2 + B1B2
A12 + B12 . A22 + B22
He qua:
(1 ) ( 2 ) A1 A2 + B1B2 = 0
d ( M0 ; ) =
Ax0 + By0 + C
A2 + B 2
H
x
( )
(1 ) : A1 x + B1y + C1 = 0
( 2 ) : A2 x + B2 y + C2 = 0
A1 x + B1y + C1
A12 + B12
A2 x + B2 y + C2
A22 + B22
100
M
I
1. nh ngha: Tap hp cac ng thang cung i qua mot iem I c goi la mot chum ng thang .
I goi la nh cua chum
Mot chum ng thang hoan toan c xac nh neu biet :
i. nh cua chum
hoac ii. Hai ng thang cua chum
2. nh ly: Trong Mp(Oxy) cho hai ng thang 1 , 2 cat nhau xac nh bi phng trnh :
(1 ) : A1 x + B1y + C1 = 0
( 2 ) : A2 x + B2 y + C2 = 0
Khi o : Moi ng thang qua giao iem cua 1 , 2 eu co phng trnh dang:
() : ( A1 x + B1y + C1 ) + ( A2 x + B2 y + C2 ) = 0
101
( 2 + 2 0)
Chu y:
= 0 va 0 th 1
0 va = 0 th 2
ac biet :
Bai 9: Cho tam giac ABC biet C(4;3) phan giac trong (AD):x+2y-5=0, trung tuyen (AE)
4x+13y-10=0.Lap phng trnh ba canh.
Bai 10: Cho tam giac ABC biet A(2;-1) va phng trnh hai ng phan giac trong cua goc B va C
lan lt la d: x-2y+1=0 va x+y+3=0 .Tm phng trnh cua ng thang cha canh BC.
Bai 11: Cho iem M(-2;3) . Tm phng trnh ng thang qua M va cach eu hai iem A(-1;0)
va B(2;1).
Bai 12: Cho A(2;-3) , B(3;-2) .Trong tam G cua tam giac nam tren ng thang d: 3x-y-8=0, dien
tch tam giac ABC bang 3/2 . Tm C.
Bai 13: Viet phng trnh ng thang song song vi d: 3x-4y+1=0 va co khoang cach en ng
thang d bang 1.
Bai 14: Cho tam giac can ABC biet phng trnh canh ay AB:2x-3y+5=0 canh ben AC:x+y+1=0
Tm phng trnh canh ben BC biet rang no i qua iem D(1;1).
Bai 15: Cho tam giac ABC co nh A(-1;3) , ng cao BH nam tren ng thang y=x , phan giac
trong goc C nam tren ng thang x+3y+2=0 . Viet phng trnh canh BC .
Bai 16: Cho ng thang d: 2x+y-4=0va hai iem M(3;3) , N(-5;19).Ha MK d va goi P la iem
oi xng cua M qua d:
a) Tm toa o cua K va P.
b) Tm iem A tren d sao cho AM + AN co gia tr nho nhat va tnh gia tr o.
Bai 17: Cho tam giac ABC vuong A , phng trnh BC la 3x y 3 = 0 , cac nh A va B
thuoc truc hoanh va ban knh ng tron noi tiep bang 2. Tm toa o trong tam G cua
tam giac ABC.
Bai 18: Cho hnh ch nhat ABC co tam I(1/2;0) , phng trnh ng thang AB la x-2y+2=0 va
AB=2AD . Tm toa o cac nh A, B, C, D biet rang nh A co hoanh o am.
Bai 19: Trong mp(Oxy) cho hai ng thang d1 : x y = 0 va d 2 : 2 x + y 1 = 0 . Tm toa o cac nh
hnh vuong ABCD biet rang nh A thuoc d1, nh C thuoc d2 va cac nh B,D thuoc truc hoanh
---------------------------Het--------------------------
103
R
a
(C ) : ( x a)2 + ( y b)2 = R 2
M ( x; y )
x
(1)
Phng trnh (1) c goi la phng trnh chnh tac cua ng tron
ac biet:
Khi I O th (C ) : x 2 + y 2 = R 2 (hay: y = R 2 x 2 )
vi a2 + b2 c > 0
x 2 + y 2 2ax 2by + c = 0
( )
() : x0 x + y0 y a( x + x0 ) b( y + y0 ) + c = 0
I(a;b)
104
c xac nh nh sau:
Chu y :
R2 ( vi d = MO )
(C)
M
M/(O) = d
nh ly:
Trong mp(Oxy) cho iem M ( x0 ; y0 ) va ng tron x 2 + y 2 2ax 2by + c = 0 vi
( C1 )
( C1 )
(C 2 )
(C 2 )
I1
I2
I2
I1
( C1 )
(C 2 )
I1
I2
I
M
I1
I2
(C 2 )
I3
( C1 )
(C 3 )
1
105
nh ly :
Cho hai ng tron (C1) va (C2) khong cung tam co phng trnh:
(C1 ) : x 2 + y 2 2a1 x 2b1y + c1 = 0
(C2 ) : x 2 + y 2 2a2 x 2b2 y + c2 = 0
Cach nh:
BAI TAP NG DUNG:
Xac nh phng trnh truc ang phng cua hai ng tron sau:
(C1 ) : x 2 + y 2 4 y 5 = 0
(C2 ) : x 2 + y 2 6 x + 8 y + 16 = 0
(C )
(C )
I
I
R
R
M H
nh ly:
I
R H
M
( ) (C ) =
d(I; ) > R
() tiep xuc (C) d(I;) = R
() cat (C)
d(I;) < R
C1
I1
R1
R2
I2
C1
C1
C2
I1
R1
R2
I2
C2
C2
I1
R1
R2
I2
C1
I1 I
2
C2
106
I1I2 > R1 + R2
I1I2 = R1 R2
(C1 ) : x 2 + y 2 4 y 5 = 0
(C2 ) : x 2 + y 2 6 x + 8 y + 16 = 0
Phng trnh ng tron (C) i qua giao iem cua (C1) va (C2) co dang :
( 2 + 2 0)
107
(C2 ) : x 2 + y 2 10x 6y + 30 = 0
co tam lan lt la I va J.
1) Chng minh (C1) tiep tiep xuc ngoai vi (C2) va tm toa o tiep iem H.
2) Goi (D) la mot tiep tuyen chung khong i qua H cua (C1) va (C2) . Tm toa o giao
iem K cua (D) va ng thang IJ.Viet phng trnh ng tron (C) i qua K va tiep
xuc vi hai ng tron (C1) va (C2) tai H.
Bai 13: Cho iem M(6;2) va ng tron (C): x 2 + y 2 2 x 4 y = 0 . Lap phng trnh ng thang
(d) qua M cat (C) tai hai iem phan biet A, B sao cho AB = 10
Bai 14: Cho ng tron (C): x 2 + y 2 = 9 va iem A(1;2). Hay lap phng trnh cua ng thang
cha day cung cua (C) i qua A sao cho o dai day cung o ngan nhat.
Bai 15: Cho ng tron (C): x 2 + y 2 2 x 6 y + 6 = 9 va iem M(2;4)
1. Chng to rang iem M nam trongng tron.
2. Viet phng trnh ng thang i qua iem M, cat ng tron tai hai iem A va B sao
cho M la trung iem cua AB .
3. Viet phng trnh ng tron oi xng vi ng tron a cho qua ng thang AB.
Bai 16: Trong mp(Oxy) cho ho ng tron (Cm) co phng trnh :
x 2 + y 2 (2m + 5)x + (4m 1)y 2m + 4 = 0
1) Chng to rang (Cm) qua hai iem co nh khi m thay oi.
2) Tm m e (Cm) tiep xuc truc tung.
Bai 17: Cho ho ng tron (Cm) co phng trnh : x 2 + y 2 (m 2)x + 2my 1 = 0
1) Tm tap hp tam cac ng tron (Cm) .
2) Cho m = -2 va iem A(0;-1). Viet phng trnh cac tiep tuyen cua ng tron (C-2)
ve t A.
Bai 18: Viet phng trnh cac tiep tuyen cua ng tron (C): x 2 + y 2 2 x 6 y + 9 = 0
1. Tiep tuyen song song vi ng thang x-y=0
2. Tiep tuyen vuong goc vi ng thang 3x-4y=0
Bai 19: Cho tam giac ABC eu noi tiep trong ng tron (C): ( x 1)2 + ( y 2)2 = 9 . Xac nh toa
o cac iem B, C biet iem A(-2;2).
Bai 20: Trong mp(Oxy) cho ho ng tron (Cm) co phng trnh :
x 2 2mx + y 2 + 2(m + 1)y 12 = 0
1) Tm tap hp tam cac ng tron (Cm) .
2) Vi gia tr nao cua m th ban knh cua ho ng tron a cho la nho nhat?
Bai 21: Cho hai ho ng tron :
108
Tm truc ang phng cua hai ho ng tron tren. Chng to rang khi m thay oi cac truc
ang phng o luon luon i qua mot iem co nh.
Bai 22: Cho hai ng tron :
(C1 ) : x 2 + y 2 2x 9y 2 = 0
(C2 ) : x 2 + y2 8x 9y + 16 = 0
1) Chng minh rang hai ng tron (C1) va (C2) tiep xuc nhau.
2) Viet phng trnh cac tiep tuyen chung cua hai ng tron (C1) va (C2).
Bai 23: Cho hai ng tron :
(C1 ) : x 2 + y2 10x = 0
(C2 ) : x 2 + y2 + 4x 2y 20 = 0
Viet phng trnh cac tiep tuyen chung cua hai ng tron (C1) va (C2).
Bai 24: Cho hai ng tron :
(C1 ) : x 2 + y 2 4x 5 = 0
(C2 ) : x 2 + y2 6x + 8y + 16 = 0
Viet phng trnh cac tiep tuyen chung cua hai ng tron (C1) va (C2).
Bai 25: Cho hai iem A(2;0), B(6;4). Viet phng trnh ng tron (C) tiep xuc vi truc hoanh tai iem
A va khoang cach t tam cua (C) en iem B bang 5 (TS.K.B2005)
x 2 + y 2 = 1
x y = a
Xac nh cac gia tr cua a e he phng trnh co nghiem duy nhat.
x 2 + y2 x = 0
Bai 2: Cho he phng trnh :
x + ay a = 0
Xac nh cac gia tr cua a e he phng trnh co 2 nghiem phan biet
Bai 3: Tm m e he sau co nghiem duy nhat
(x 2)2 + y 2 = m
2
2
x + (y 2) = m
109
I.nh ngha:
Elp (E) la tap hp cac iem M co tong khoang cach en hai iem co nh F1; F2 bang hang so
* Hai iem co nh F1; F2 c goi la cac tieu iem
* F1F2 = 2c ( c > 0 ) c goi la tieu c
(E)
M
F1
2c
F2
II. Phng trnh chnh tac cua Elp va cac yeu to:
1. Phng trnh chnh tac:
(E) :
x2
a
y2
b
= 1 vi b2 = a2 c2 ( a > b) (1)
y
Q
(E)
B2
P
M
r1
-a -c
A1
F1
r2
O
B1
c a
F2 A2
110
r1 = MF1 = a + a x = a + ex
r = MF = a c x = a ex
2
2
a
Vi M(x;y) (E) th
- Tam sai
: e=
c
a
- ng chuan : x =
(0 < e < 1)
a
e
x = a cos t
(E) :
y = b sin t
() :
x0x
a2
y0y
b2
x2
a2
y2
b2
t [0;2)
=1
M 0 (x0 ; y 0 )
(E)
2 2
2 2
A a +B b =C
(E)
x
4
3
111
2 18 .
2. ng thang (d) tiep xuc (E) tai M cat hai truc toa o tai A va B. Tm M sao cho dien tch
OAB nho nhat.
x 2 y2
Bai 5: Cho Elp (E) : + = 1 va ng thang (d): x y 2 + 2 = 0
8 4
1. CMR (d) luon cat (E) tai hai iem phan biet A,B . Tnh o dai AB.
2. Tm toa o iem C thuoc (E) sao cho ABC co dien tch ln nhat.
x 2 y2
x2 y2
Bai 6: Cho hai Elp : (E1 ) : + = 1 va (E2 ) : + = 1 . Viet phng trnh tiep tuyen chung cua hai
16 9
9 16
elp tren.
x 2 y2
Bai 7: Cho Elp (E) : + = 1 . Xet hnh vuong ngoai tiep (E) ( tc la cac canh hnh vuong tiep xuc
24 12
vi (E) . Viet phng trnh cac ng thang cha cac canh hnh vuong o.
x 2 y2
Bai 8: Cho Elp (E) : + = 1 . Cho A(-3;0),M(-3;a),B(3;0),N(3;b) trong o a,b la hai so thay oi
9 4
1. Xac nh toa o giao iem I cua ng thang AN va BM.
2. Chng minh rang ieu kien can va u e ng thang MN tiep xuc vi (E) la ab=4
3. Vi a,b thay oi , nhng luon tiep xuc vi (E) . Tm quy tch iem I.
112
I. nh ngha:
M
2c
F1
F2
II. Phng trnh chnh tac cua Hypebol va cac yeu to:
1. Phng trnh chnh tac:
(H) :
y=
x2
a
b
x
a
y2
b
= 1 vi b2 = c2 a2
y=
B2
a
F1
c A
1
M
a
(1)
A2
F2
c
B1
b
x
a
- Tam sai
: e=
c
a
- ng chuan : x =
IV. Tiep tuyen cua Hypebol:
nh ly:
(e > 1)
a
e
x2
a2
y2
b2
() :
x0x
a
y0y
b
=1
M 0
A 2a2 B2 b2 = C2
x
y
=1
16 9
1. Tm o dai truc ao, truc thc , tam sai , tieu iem F1,F2 cua (H)
2. Tm tren (H) nhng iem sao cho MF1 MF2
x 2 y2
Bai 2: Cho Hypebol (H): 2 2 = 1 .
a
b
CMR tch cac khoang cach t mot iem M0 bat ky tren (H) en hai tiem can la mot so khong oi
Bai 3: Cho Hypebol (H): x 2 4 y 2 = 4 .
10 4
1. Viet phng trnh tiep tuyen vi (H) tai A( ; )
3 3
2. Viet phng trnh tiep tuyen vi (H) biet no vuong goc vi ng thang : : x y 2 = 0
3. Viet phng trnh tiep tuyen vi (H) ke t M(2;-1)
x 2 y2
Bai 4: Cho Hypebol (H): 2 2 = 1 trong mat phang Oxy
a
b
Tm a,b e (H) tiep xuc vi hai ng thang (D1 ) : 5 x 6 y 16 = 0 va (D2 ) :13 x 10 y 48 = 0
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I. nh ngha :
(P) = {M / MF = d(M, }
M
1) Dang 1: Ptct: y
y
= 2px
2) Dang 2: Ptct: y
= -2px
M
-p/2
F(-p/2;0)
x
O
p/2
F(p/2;0)
() : x = p / 2
( ): x=-p/2
3) Dang 3: Ptct: x
= 2py
4) Dang 4: Ptct : x
= -2py
( ) : y = p/2
p/2
F(0;p/2)
x
F(0;-p/2)
O
-p/2
:y = -p/2
( ) : y0y = p.(x + x0 )
M0
x
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(P)
o
2
(P
2. Chng minh neu AM ngan nhat th AM vuong goc tiep tuyen tai M cua (P)
Bai 4: Cho (P):y2= 2x va cho A(2;-2); B(8;4). Gia s M la iem di ong tren cung nho AB cua (P). Xac
nh toa o cua M sao cho tam diac AMB co dien tch ln nhat.
Bai 5: Cho (P): y 2 = x va iem I(0;2). Tm toa o hai iem M, N thuoc (P) sao cho IM = 4 IN
----------------------------------Het-------------------------------
116