,

, 2006

. - .

 , ,
, .

. ,
, ,
.

: , . . 1, ,
, .

: . - .


70100/16
. 1,75
. 2,27
500



,
, . 1

1.
.................................................................................5
2. - ..................................9
L

3. I = f1 ( x ) f2 ( x ) dx ........................................11
0

4. ....................................................13
5. .........................15
6.
......................................................................16
7. ..................20
8.
..............................22
9. ()
.......................................................................24
10.
...................................................................25
.......................................................................................................................28

 1.

 1 1

10

11

12

13

14

 1 2

15

16

17

18

 1 3
L
( 2qa + qb )
6
L
B = ( qa + 4qb + qc )
6
L
C = ( qb + 2qc )
6
A=

MD

qa + qb ) L2
(
=
,

19
QD =

16

( qb qa ) L ,
24

ME

qb + qc ) L2
(
=

QE =

16

( qc qb ) L
24

L
( 7qa + 6qb qc )
24
L
B = ( qa + 10qb + qc )
12
L
C=
( qa + 6qb + 7qc )
24
L2
MD =
(19qa + 34qb 5qc )
384
A=

L2
( 5qa + 34qb + 19qc )
384

ME =

20
QD =

( qb qa ) L ,
24

QE =

( qc qb ) L
24

L
( q + 2qd )
6 a
L
B = ( qd + qb + qe )
3
L
C = ( 2qe + qc )
6
A=

MD =

L2
( q + 10qd + qb )
96 a

ME =

L2
( q + 10qe + qc )
96 b

21
QD =

( qb qa ) L ,
24

QE =

( qc qb ) L
24

 2.
-
1 2
,

.
, . 2.2 2.3. - . i
n
(. 2.1).

. 2.1

M =

qL2

8 1

x
x
1 = 4 1
L L

y = f 1

. 2.2

n
2

1,0000

0,8889

0,8889

0,7500

1,000

0,7500

0,6400

0,9600

0,9600

0,6400

0,5556

0,8889

1,0000

0,8889

0,5556

0,4898

0,8163

0,9796

0,9796

0,8163

0,4898

0,4375

0,7500

0,9375

1,0000

0,9375

0,7500

0,4375

0,3951

0,6914

0,8889

0,9877

0,9877

0,8889

0,6914

0,3951

10

0,3600

0,6400

0,8400

0,9600

1,0000

0,9600

0,8400

0,6400

0,3600

M =

qL2
,
16

2 =

8 x x2
1 .
3 L L2

. 2.3

n
2

1,0000

0,7901

0,9877

0,6250

1,000

0,8750

0,5120

0,8960

1,0240

0,7680

0,4321

0,7901

1,0000

0,9877

0,6790

0,3732

0,6997

0,9329

1,0262

0,9329

0,6064

0,3281

0,6250

0,8594

1,0000

1,0156

0,8750

0,5469

0,2926

0,5633

0,7901

0,9511

1,0242

0,9877

0,8194

0,4975

10

0,2640

0,5120

0,7280

0,8960

1,0000

1,0240

0,9520

0,7680

0,4560

.
- "",

'2 =

10

8 x
x x2
23 + 2
3 L
L L

 3.
L

I = f1 ( x ) f2 ( x ) dx
0

1.
( , ),
, .
2. .
. f1 ( x ) f2 ( x ) ,
, .

. 3.1

. 3.2

. 3.1 ( 4), . .
3.2 8, .
. 3.2
. 3.2 ( ).
3. 5, 6 7
, . M-,
Q .
8, c , d e .
4. 5, 8 9 .
5. 9
. .
6. , . 3.2.
(. 3.2 )
(. 3.2 ),
.
7. ,
( f2 ( x ) ) .

11

 3.
L

I = f1 ( x ) f2 ( x ) dx
0

f1 ( x )
f2 ( x )

acL

acL
2

acL
2

c (a + b) L
2

acL
2

acL
3

acL
6

c ( 2a + b ) L
6

acL
2

acL
6

acL
3

c ( a + 2b ) L
6

a (c + d ) L
2

a ( 2c + d ) L
6

a ( c + 2d ) L
6

ac + ( a + b )( c + d ) + bd L
6

2acL
3

acL
3

acL
3

c (a + b) L
3

acL
3

acL
12

acL
4

c ( a + 3b ) L
12

2acL
3

acL
4

5acL
12

c ( 3a + 5b ) L
12

a ( c + 4e + d ) L
6

a ( c + 2e ) L
6

a ( d + 2e ) L
6

ac + 2e ( a + b ) + bd L
6

2acL
3

14acL
45

16acL
45

2c ( 7 a + 8b ) L
45

12

 4.

,
, .
,
(4.1)

F ( x ) = f1 ( x ) f2 ( x ) ,

f1 ( x ) f2 ( x ) . 4.1 a 4.1 ,
. 4.1 .

.

. 4.1

I1 = f1 ( x ) dx ,
0

I2 = f1 ( x ) f2 ( x ) dx ,
0

I3 =
0

f1 ( x ) f2 ( x )
f3 ( x )

dx

,
L

A = I2 = f1 ( x ) f2 ( x ) dx = F ( x ) dx .
- ,
.
(.
4.2 a ),
(4.2)

A=

c
2 a
+ 2b + .
3 2
2

(. 4.2 ),

(4.3)

A=

3
( a + 3b + 3c + d ) .
8

(4.2) ,
. , (. 4.2 )
13

. 4.2

(4.4)

2 a
g
+ 2b + c + 2d + e + 2 f + .
3 2
2

(4.3) ,
3 n ( n ).
(. 4.2 ) . (4.3)
(4.5)

3
( a + 3b + 3c + 2d + 3e + 3 f + g ) .
8

,
.

(. 4.2 a ),
( ) a
(4.6)

tga =

1
( 3a + 4b c ) .
2

b
(4.7)

tgb =

1
( a + c ) .
2

. 4.2 a
(4.8)

tga =

1
( 11a + 18b 9c + 2d ) .
6

b e
(4.9)

tgb =

1
( 2a 3b + 6c d ) .
6

- ( - ),
. -

( ). ,
. .
,
.
14

 5.

EI A

EI B

Fab b
1 +
6 L

Fab a
1 +
6 L

FL2
16

FL2
16

ML 3b2
1 2
6
L

ML 3a2
1

6 L2

ML
3

ML
6

qL3 b2
1
24 L2

qL3
24

qL3
24

7qL3
360

qL3
45

EI

10

b
L

EI
L

EI
L

qL3 a2
1 1
24 L2

EI

a
L

EI
L

EI
L

15

 6.

MA

12 EI

4 EI
= 4i
L

2 EI
= 2i
L

6 EI

Fab2

Fa2 b

L2

6i
L

6 EI

6i
L

6 EI

MB

12i

6i
L

L2

L2

Fb2 2a
1 +

L
L2

FA

FL
8

FL
8

FL
2

qa2
8a 3a2
6 + 2
12
L
L

qa2 4a 3a2
2
12 L
L

qa
2a2 a3
2 2 + 3
2
L
L

qa A

 6 1

MA

MB

qL2
12

qL2
12

qL
2

qL
2

qL2
30

qL2
20

3qL
20

7qL
20

5qL2
96

5qL2
96

qL
4

qL
4

Mb
3b
2
L
L

Ma
3a
2
L
L

6Mab

10

EI t
h

EI t
h

L3

 6 2

MA

3i
L

3EI

12

3EI
= 3i
L

3EI

13

Fab b
1 +
2L L

Fb
b2
3 2
2 L
L

FA

14

3FL
16

11F
16

5F
16

15

qa2
a
2
8
L

qa
4a2 a3
8 2 + 3
8
L
L

qa A

16

qb2
b2
2 2
8
L

qb 6b b3

8 L L3

qb A

11

3EI

18

3i
L2

3i
L

 6 3

MA

17

qL2
8

5qL
8

3qL
8

18

qL2
15

2qL
5

qL
10

19

7qL2
120

9qL
40

11qL
40

20

M
2

3b2
1 2

3M
2L

b2
1 2
L

21

M
2

3M
2L

22

1,5EI t
h

1,5EI t
Lh

19

 7.

G ;
I ;
AQ .

1 ( x ) = 1

4 ( x ) =

I2 ( x ) =

x
L

1
12x 3 x2 2 x3

+
1 + 12

1 + 12
L
L2
L3

II
( x) =
2

20

x
L

1
3 x 3 x2 x3

+
1 + 3

1 + 3
L 2 L2 2 L3

 7 1

3I ( x ) =

x
x x2
1 + 6 2 (1 + 3 ) + 2
L L
1 + 12

3II ( x) =

5I ( x) =

EI
2

L GAQ

x
3 x 2 x2

12 +

L (1 + 12 )
2 L L2

5II ( x) =

6I ( x ) =

x 3 x x2
+
1
1 + 3 2 L 2 L2

x
3 x x2

3 +

L (1 + 3 )
2 L 2 L2

x
x x2
6 (1 6 ) + 2
L L
1 + 12

(
) . 7 = 0 .

21

 8.

:
i ; j
a=

EA
,
L

i1 =

EI 1
,
L 1 + 12

EI
2

L GAQ

AQ Q - (
A
).
1, 2

AQ =

Rix
Riy

ui

uj

12i1

6i1

4i1 (1 + 3 )

Mi
R jx

Riy

Mj

22

12i1
2

6i1

6i1

2i1 (1 + 6 )

L
0

12i1

6i
1
L

4i1 (1 + 3 )

 8 1

a=

Rix

Riy

Riy

i2 =

EI 1
,
L 1 + 3

EI
2

L GAQ

ui

uj

3i2

3i2

3i
2
L2

3i
2
L

3i2

3i2

Mi

R jx

EA
,
L

L2

= 0
.

23

 9.
() []

Vj

Y
y

Vi

Ui

ui

x, y ,

uj

X, Y ,

Uj

u, v,
,

vj
i
vi

U, V,
,

s = sin ;

ui
U i
v
V
i
i
i
i
=
[
]
T

;
u j
U j
v j
V j


j
j

c
s

0
[T ] =
0
0

[T] T = [T] 1 ;

s
c
0
0
0
0

0
0
1
0
0
0

0
0
0
c
s
0

0
0
0
s
c
0

c = cos .

0
0
0
0
0
1

[T] T [T] = E .

.
[k] e xy (. .
8), X Y [K]

T
[K] = [T] [k] [T].

24

 10.

=4

k
4 EI

k = K0b ;
K0 ;
r (x) = kv(x) ;

B
A

EIv = V

A
EI = 4D

=
M 2
Q 4 C 4D

43 B 42C

3
V V
B
C 0

2 0 + .
M
B 0 M
A

Q0 Q
4D
A

( )
EI v () = V () =

M
2

C ( m ) +

F
3

D ( f )

q
44

A ( n ) A ( k ) ,

EI () = () =

M
F
q
B ( m ) +
C ( f ) +
D ( n ) D ( k ) ,
2

M () = MA ( m )

F
q
B ( f )
C ( n ) C ( k ) ,

Q () = M 4D ( m ) FA ( f )

q
B ( n ) B ( k ) .

25

= x ,

26

A() = ch cos ,

B() = 0,5(ch sin + sh cos ) ;

C () = 0,5sh sin ,

D() = 0, 25(ch sin sh cos ) .

= x

A()

B ()

C ( )

D ( )

0,00

1,0000

0,0000

0,0000

0,0000

0,10

1,0000

0,1000

0,0050

0,0002

0,20

0,9997

0,2000

0,0200

0,0013

0,30

0,9986

0,2999

0,0450

0,0045

0,40

0,9957

0,3997

0,0800

0,0107

0,50

0,9896

0,4990

0,1249

0,0208

0,60

0,9784

0,5974

0,1797

0,0360

0,70

0,9600

0,6944

0,2443

0,0571

0,80

0,9318

0,7891

0,3185

0,0852

0,90

0,8908

0,8803

0,4020

0,1211

1,00

0,8337

0,9667

0,4944

0,1659

1,10

0,7568

1,0464

0,5952

0,2203

1,20

0,6561

1,1173

0,7034

0,2851

1,30

0,5272

1,1767

0,8182

0,3612

1,40

0,3656

1,2216

0,9383

0,4490

1,50

0,1665

1,2486

1,0619

0,5489

1,60

-0,0752

1,2535

1,1873

0,6614

1,70

-0,3643

1,2319

1,3118

0,7864

1,80

-0,7059

1,1789

1,4326

0,9236

1,90

-1,1047

1,0889

1,5463

1,0726

2,00

-1,5654

0,9559

1,6489

1,2325

2,10

-2,0919

0,7736

1,7358

1,4019

2,20

-2,6878

0,5352

1,8017

1,5789

2,30

-3,3559

0,2336

1,8407

1,7613

2,40

-4,0973

-0,1384

1,8461

1,9460

 = x

A()

B ()

C ( )

D ( )

2,50

-4,9123

-0,5882

1,8105

2,1292

2,60

-5,7997

-1,1232

1,7256

2,3064

2,70

-6,7558

-1,7504

1,5828

2,4723

2,80

-7,7751

-2,4764

1,3723

2,6207

2,90

-8,8489

-3,3071

1,0840

2,7442

3,00

-9,9661

-4,2477

0,7072

2,8345

3,10

-11,1110

-5,3013

0,2307

2,8823

3,20

-12,2647

-6,4701

-0,3569

2,8770

3,30

-13,4038

-7,7536

-1,0671

2,8069

3,40

-14,4997

-9,1492

-1,9112

2,6591

3,50

-15,5187

-10,6508

-2,9003

2,4198

3,60

-16,4212

-12,2488

-4,0444

2,0739

3,70

-17,1615

-13,9298

-5,3530

1,6054

3,80

-17,6870

-15,6741

-6,8326

0,9976

3,90

-17,9386

-17,4578

-8,4889

0,2331

4,00

-17,8502

-19,2503

-10,3243

-0,7060

4,10

-17,3482

-21,0138

-12,3377

-1,8376

4,20

-16,3522

-22,7032

-14,5243

-3,1792

4,30

-14,7748

-24,2647

-16,8738

-4,7477

4,40

-12,5214

-25,6358

-19,3711

-6,5591

4,50

-9,4933

-26,7433

-21,9924

-8,6262

4,60

-5,5853

-27,5049

-24,7079

-10,9604

4,70

-0,6889

-27,8273

-27,4784

-13,5693

4,80

5,3064

-27,6061

-30,2549

-16,4559

4,90

12,5116

-26,7258

-32,9772

-19,6180

5,00

21,0352

-25,0600

-35,5735

-23,0467

x > 5, 00 .
27


1. , ., . .
, , 1971.
2. Baychev, I. FixedHinged Beam Finite Elements used for Dynamic Analysis of Frames.
Mechanics Research Communications, New York, vol. 23, 2/96.

28