RISK FACTORS

Motor vehicle accidents (Wearing a seatbelt can greatly reduce your risk.) Falls from a height (such as a fall from a ladder) or industrial accidents can also generate enough force to dislocate a hip. Hip replacement surgery Rugby and American football

COMPLICATIONS

If there are associated fractures disrupt blood vessels and nerves blood supply to the bone is lost avascular necrosis or osteonecrosis increases the risk of developing arthritis in the joint. Complications include deep venous thrombosis (DVT), sciatic nerve injury, avascular necrosis (AVN), vascular injury, recurrent dislocation, arthritis, and chronic pain

TREATMENT and MANAGEMENT

Surgical realignment and traction Administer an anesthetic or a sedative and manipulate the bones back into their proper position / Reduction done in the operating room with anesthesia. X-rays and possibly a computed tomography (CT) scan to make sure that the bones are in the proper position Rehabilitation Controlled exercises using a continuous passive motion machine Patients can probably begin walking with crutches when free of pain. A walking aid, such as a cane, should be used until the limp disappears.

AETIOLOGY
Gradual: Progressive deformation of the hip joint. Common in children with neuromuscular condition; cerebral palsy, spina bifida) Acute: Trauma/ injury to the hip

CLINICAL INVESTIGATIONS

Acquired Hip Dislocation

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

X-rays will show whether there are any additional fractures in the hip.

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
The hip is a ball-and-socket joint: the ball-shaped head of the femur fits inside a cup-shaped socket in the pelvis. The structure of a ball-and-socket joint gives it a great deal of stability and allows it to move freely. A great amount of force is required to pop the thighbone out of its socket.

PATHOGENESIS
Head of the femur slips out of its socket in the hip bone. 90% the femur is pushed out in a backwards direction. (posterior dislocation). Dislocate forward or anterior direction.

Pain Unable to move the leg Numb in the foot or ankle Posterior dislocations - affected limb will be shortened and internally rotated. Anterior dislocation - limb will not be lengthened and will be externally rotated. This dislocation is very painful and patients are unable to move when it occurs. Due to the dislocation, there could be some nerve damage resulting in loss of feeling in the foot or ankle.