Applied Linear Algebra (EE635)

Quiz 2 Solutions October 5, 2012

1. The crux of the problem is to nd an proper inner product structure satisfying the norm condition. Following identity helps us express inner product over real eld in terms of the norm. 1 x, y = [||x + y||2 ||x y||2 ] (1) 4 Now say x = [a1 , b1 ] and y = [a2 , b2 ] be two vectors from R2 . ||x + y||2 = (a1 + a2 b1 b2 )2 + 3(b1 + b2 )2 ||x y|| = (a1 a2 b1 + b2 ) + 3(b1 b2 ) Thus, 4 x, y = (a1 + a2 )2 + (b1 + b2 )2 2(a1 + a2 )(b1 + b2 ) + 3(b1 + b2 )2 (a1 a2 )2 (b1 b2 )2 + 2(a1 a2 )(b1 b2 ) 3(b1 b2 )2 = 4a1 a2 + 16b1 b2 + 2(a1 b1 a1 b2 a2 b1 + a2 b2 a1 b1 a1 b2 a2 b1 a2 b2 ) = 4a1 a2 + 16b1 b2 4(a1 b2 + a2 b1 ) Hence x, y = a1 a2 a1 b2 a2 b1 + 4b1 b2 Now say x=[3,4] i.e. a1 = 3, b1 = 4. Thus if y belongs to the x Substituting a1 and b1 , we get 3a2 3b2 4a2 + 16b2 = 0 =13b2 = a2 From the theory of Complementary subspaces, clearly dimension of the x Hence the basis of x is [13,1].
=2-1=1. , 2 2 2

(2) (3)

(4) x, y = 0 .

2. Clearly colspan(A) is spanned by v1 = [1, 0, 1] , v2 = [1, 2, 1] and v3 = [2, 2, 1] . But these vectors are not yet orthogonal. Lets apply GS procedure to orthogonalise these set of vectors. Let wi (i = 1, 2, . . .) denote the set of orthogonal vectors. w1 = [1, 0, 1] 1 (5)

See that v2 , w1 =0. Thus w2 = [1, 2, 1] And similarly 5 3 w3 = [2, 2, 1] [1, 0, 1] [1, 2, 1] 2 6 1 1 1 =[ , , ] 3 3 3 Thus we have three orthogonal vectors spanning the colspan(A). Hence colspan(A) is complete R3 . Thus the vector v belongs to the colspan(A). Hence v itself is the most appropriate approximation. Hence u = v i.e. ||u v|| = 0 (6)