Cc n V Thng Dng Trong ngnh Vin thng (dB, dBm, dBw dBd, dBi, dBc)

27/07/2010 09:41 | 6,096 lt xem

1. dBm, dBw dBm l n v cng sut thun ty (khng so snh). Cch tnh 1dBm=10log(PmW/1mW) V d: Cng sut pht ca thit b l 10W, biu din dng dBm l 10lg(10000/1)=40dBm. Tng t, dBW cng l n v cng sut thun ty, nhng c chuyn i t W sang. Vd: 1W > 10lg(1) = 0dBW; 2W = 3dBW. 2. dBi, dBd dBi v dBd u l cc n v biu din li cng sut (power gain) ca antenna, nhng c tham chiu khc nhau. dBi so snh power gain ca antenna vi antenna ng hng (omni-antenna/isotropic antenna: antenna im c cng sut pht i cc hng bng nhau) dBd so snh power gain ca antenna vi antenna lng cc i xng (half-wave dipole) 0dBd = 2.15dBi XdBd = (X + 2.15)dBi

Anten 3G (UMTS) thng c li khong 18dBi (dual: 2 x 18dBi) 3. dB dB l n v so snh v mnh (intensity), cng sut (power).

i vi in p (V), dng (I) v trng E (in trng, t trng), cng thc tnh l 20lgX (dB) i vi cng sut (P), li (G), cng thc tnh l 10lgX (dB) Vd: Cng sut A l XW tng ng XdBm, Cng sut B l YW tng ng YdBm. Khi so snh A ln hn (nh hn) B bao nhiu dB, tnh bng 10g(X/Y)dB hoc (X-Y)dB. Antenna A c li 20dBd, B l 14dBd, vy A c li ln hn B 6dB 4. dBc dBc c phng php tnh ging vi dB v cng l mt n v tng i, c lin h n mt i lng khc. dBc thng c dng m t kh nng ca cc RF components, vd: carrier power c m t bi mc interference, coupling, scattering u dng dBc, c th thay bng dB. dBc t c dng n. ---------------------------------+ dB l deci Bell (vi Bell l tn ngi do n c vit hoa) + dB th n l 10lg(P2/P1). + dBm th lc ny l 10lg(P/1mW). mi quan h gia dB v dBm l nh sau: X[dB] +Y [dB] = Z[dB] X[dB]- Y[dB] = Z[dB] X[dBm] + Y[dB] = Z[dBm] X[dBm] - Y[dB] = Z[dBm] X[dBm]- Y[dBm] = Z[dB] X[dBm] + Y[dBm] = Z [] + Vi dBi th i l vit tt ca t ng hng (isotropic). N l n v ca h s tng ch ca anten pht x ng hng. Ngoi ra vi anten pht x c hng th n v ca h s tng ch l dBd. V trong lc tnh ton th dBi c coi nh dB. ----------------------------------------------- chuyn gia cc i lng tnh theo dB, dBm, ... bn nn ch l cc gi tr u l gi tr so snh theo 1 i lng chun (reference), v d dB ly chun l 1W, dBm ly chun l 1mW. V vy chuyn i qua li th cch d dng nht l chuyn v dng tuyn tnh ri i ngc li. V d 1.5dB = ? dBm. Ta chuyn 1.5dB sang W bng 10^(1.5/10) = 1.4125W, i sang mW c 1412.5 mW, i ngc li dBm 10*log(1412.5) = 31.5 dBm Cch lm nh vy tuy di nhng khng s sai, iu ct yu l bn hiu c nhng ci reference khc nhau (tu mi lnh vc ngi ta s chn ra reference tng ng) Nhng bn cng c th lm cch khc nhanh hn l da vo tng quan ca cc reference v tnh cht ca vic ly logarithm, cc bi ton nhn chia trong h tuyn tnh tr thnh bi ton cng tr trong h logarithm. V d A = B*1000 trong h tuyn tnh th trong h logarithm log(A) = log(B) + log(1000) nu tnh

theo dB th 10log(A) = 10log(B) + 10log(1000) = 10log(B) + 30. Tr li bi ton trn reference ca dB l 1W, ca dBm l 1mW cho ta thy khi mun chuyn t dB sang dBm bn ch cn cng thm 30. V vy khi bn hiu tng quan gia cc reference th khng cn i sang h tuyn tnh na m c th trc tip lm trn h log. 1 ch nh l dB cn c dng th hin tng quan gia 2 i lng cng sut A, B ch khng nht thit gia A vi 1. Lc ny n ch th hin tng quan t l ch khng c n v. V d A = 4mW, B = 2mW -> ta ni cng sut A gp 2 ln B hoc A ln hn B 3dB -> 3dB khng c th nguyn. Kt lun: ch cn hiu i lng chun l c th i qua li d dng.