CHNG V:

AI CNG VE KIM LOAI

TIET: 34 ,35 Bai 19 KIM LOAI . HP KIM I. MUC TIEU CUA BAI HOC: 1. Kien thc: - Biet v tr cua cac nguyen to kim loai trong bang tuan hoan. - Hieu c nhng tnh chat vat l va tnh chat hoa hoc cua kim loai. 2. K nang: - Biet van dung l thuyet chu ao e giai thch nhng tnh chat cua kim loai. - Dan ra nhng phan ng hoa hoc va th nghiem hoa hoc chng minh cho nhng tnh chat hoa hoc. - Biet cach giai cac bai tap trong SGK. II. CHUAN B: - Chuan b mot so th nghiem chng minh cho tnh kh cua kim loai: + Dung cu: ong nghiem c nho, ong nho giot, en con. + Hoa chat: cac kim loai Al, Cu, Fe ( inh sat sach), Na, Mg, cac phi kim: kh O2, Cl2; cac axit: ddH2SO4 loang va H2SO4 ac, dung dch HNO3, dd muoi CuSO4. - Chuan b tranh ve 3 loai mang tinh the cua kim loai: mang tinh the lap phng tam khoi, mang lap phng tam dien va mang luc phng trong SGK hoa hoc 10. III. CAC HOAT ONG DAY HOC: 1. n nh trat t: 2. Kiem tra bai cu: 3. Vao bai mi HOAT ONG CUA THAY TRO I. V TR , CAU TAO VA TNH CHAT CUA KIM LOAI: Hoat ong 1: GV: em hay da vao s phan bo cac electron vao nhng phan lp ben ngoai cua nguyen t th kim loai bao gom nhng nhom nguyen to nao? H: hay ch ra nhng v tr cua cac nhom nguyen to kim loai trong bang he thong tuan hoan. GV: cac em hay da vao bang HTTH e ch ra v tr cua cac nguyen to kim loai s, p, d, f .? GV: Ket luan Kim loai bao gom cac nguyen to s ( tr H) d, f va mot phan cua nguyen to p GV: Cac em hay cho biet nhng ac iem ve cau tao nguyen t kim loai, nhng kieu mang tinh the cua kim loai? Hoat ong 2: GV: Yeu cau hoc sinh nhac lai tnh chat vat ly cua kim loai a hoc lp 9 GV: bo sung: deo, dan ien, dan nhiet va anh kim. GV: Giai thch tnh deo cua kim loai do KIEN THC A. KIM LOI I. V TR , CAU TAO VA TNH CHAT CUA KIM LOAI: Trong bng tun hon , kim loi c mt cc v tr: - Nhm IA (tr hidro) v IIA :: nguyn t s. - Nhm IIIA ( tr Bo) , mt phn ca cc nhm IVA, VA, VIA : Kim loi ny l nguyn t p. - Cc nhm B ( t IB n VIIIB) : kim loi chuyn tip, chng l nguyn t d. - H lantan v actini : kim loi hai h ny l nguyn t f .

II. TNH CHAT VAT L CUA KIM LOAI: 1. Tnh cht chung a. Tnh deo: Khi tac dung mot lc u manh len mot vat bang KL no b bien dang. Nguyen nhan: Khi tac dung mot lc th cac mang tinh the trt len nhau, nhng nh cac e t do chuyen ong qua lai gia cac lp mang ma chung khong tach ri nhau. b. Tnh dan ien:

cac e t do. GV: Yeu cau hoc sinh kha giai thch v sao kim loai dan ien c. Gi y: Dong ien la g? - Do cac kim loai khac mat o e t do khac - Khi nhiet o tang cac Ion (+) dao ong ln can tr s chuyen ong cac e t do.

- Ni u kim loi vi mt ngun in th kim loi

cho dng din chy qua

- Qua tnh chat vat ly chung cua kim loai hay cho biet yeu to nao gay ra tnh chat vat ly chung cua kim loai. - Khoi lng, o cng, nhiet o nong chay cua cac kim loai co giong nhau hay khong?

Do cac e t do chuyen ong thanh dong. Lu y: + Cac KL khac nhau th chung dan ien khac nhau. + Khi nhiet o cang cao th kha nang dan ien cang giam. c. Tnh dan nhiet: Khi KL b un nong cac e t do chuyen ong nhanh va cham vao cac Ion(+) va truyen nang lng cho cac Ion co nang lng thap hn. d. Anh kim: Cac e t do co kha nang phan xa cac anh sang va bc song ma mat nhn thay c. Ket luan: Cac e t do la thanh phan c ban gay nen tnh chat vat ly chung cua kim loai. 2.Tnh chat vat ly rieng cua kim loai: a- T khoi: Cac KL co ty khoi khac nhau (nang, nhe khac nhau) * d<5 kim loai nhe. VD: K, Na, Mg, Al * d>5 kim loai nang VD: Fe, Pb, Ag b- o cng: Cac kim loai co o cng khac nhau Kim loai mem: Na, K Kim loai cng: Cr, W c- Nhiet o nong chay: Cac kim loai co nhiet o nong chay khac nhau VD: t0nc W = 34100C t0nc Hg = -390C Nguyen nhan do: R va Z + khac III- TNH CHAT HOA HOC CHUNG CUA KIM LOAI: Kim loai de nhng e M Mn+ + ne kim loai the hien tnh kh manh nen tac dung vi chat oxi hoa ((PK, dd axit, dd muoi) 1- Tac dung vi PK: (O2, Cl, S, P ...) a- Vi oxi oxit KL 4M + nO2 2M2On VD: 2Al + 3/2 O2 Al2O3 Tac dung vi phi kim khac Muoi khong co Oxy Cu + Cl2 CuCl2

Hoat ong 3: III- TNH CHAT HOA HOC CHUNG CUA KIM LOAI: Yeu cau hoc sinh nhan xet khi kim loai tac dung vi axit thong thng, sau o cho v du.

Phan nay giao vien yeu cau hoc sinh cho biet san pham tao thanh khi kim loai tac dung tng loai axit nay.

2Fe + 3Cl2 2FeCl3 2- Tac dung vi axit: Axit thong thng: HCl, H2SO4 KL HCl muoi + H2 H2SO4 K: KL ng trc Hidro - Trong muoi KL co mc oxi hoa thap VD: Fe + 2HCl = FeCl2 + H2 Fe + H2SO4l = FeSO4 + H2

- Giao vien lu y cho hoc sinh Vay e chuyen ch axit ac t nha may san xuat en ni tieu thu ngi ta dung bnh g e ng. Vit phng trnh phn ng minh ha.

b- Vi axit co tnh oxh manh HNO3, H2SO4 SO2 M + H2SO4 M2(SO4)n + S + H2O H2S NO M + HNO3 M(NO3)n + H2O Lu y: Tr Au, Pt NO2 N2O +

N2 NH4NO3

Giao vien bieu dien TN: Fe + dd CuSO4 cho hoc sinh quan sat va nhan xet hien tng - Viet phng trnh phan ng va giai thch.

Hoat ong 6 : Cung co tiet 1 Hot ng 7 : HS nghin cu SGK theo nh hng sau : * Nhn xt v nhng tnh cht ha hc v tnh cht vt l ca hp kim so vi tnh cht ca n cht tham gia hp kim.

- Kim loai trong muoi co mc oxh cao nhat - Fe, Al, Cu khong tac dung HNO3, H2SO4 ac nguoi - HNO3 ac NO2 VD: Fe + 4HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + NO + 2H2O 3- Tac dung vi dung dch muoi: a- TN: Cho Fe + dd CuSO4 Hien tng: Cu co mau o bam vao Fe Dung dch co mau xanh luc PTPU: Fe + CuSO4 = FeSO4 + Cu Fe + Cu2+ = Fe2+ + Cu b- TN: Cu + dd AgNO3 Hien tng: Ag tao thanh bam vao Cu Dd co mau xanh tham PTPU: 2AgNO3 + Cu = Cu(NO3)2 + 2Ag 2Ag+ + Cu = Cu2+ + 2Ag Nhan xet: Kim loai ng trc co the ay kim loai ng sau ra khoi dung dch muoi cua no. Lu y: Tr kim loai tac dung c vi nc nh: Na; K; Ca; Ba 4- Tc dng vi nc:

* nhit thng: Gm c Kim loi IA v 1 phn IIA 0. 0 +1 +1 2Na + 2H2O 2NaOH + 4H2

* So snh tnh cht vt l ca hp kim vi tnh cht vt l c cc kim loi tham gia to thnh hp kim v: Tnh dn in, tnh dn nhit. nhit nng chy. Tnh cng. Hot ng 8: ng dng ca hp kim.

* Kim loi trung bnh nh Zn, Fe... kh c hi nc nhit cao .to< 5700 3Fe + 4H2O Fe3O4 + 4H2 * Kim loi yu nh Cu, Ag, Hg... khng kh c H2O, d nhit cao. B. H P KIM HS tim hiu trong SGK v kt hp vi s hiu bit I. nh ngha: Hp kim l vt liu kim loi c cha ca bn thn, trnh by v ng dng ca hp kim mt kim loi c bn v mt s kim loi hoc phi kim trong i sng, sn xut , xy dng, giao thong khc . ( HS tm th d) vn ti II. Tnh cht hp kim: ph thuc vo thnh phn cc n cht tham gia cu to mng tinh th hp kim. * Ha tnh tng t. * L tnh v tnh cht c hc th khc nhiu. ( xem th d trong SGK). I. ng dng ca hp kim: Xem SGK
Hot ng 9: CNG C Hs lm cc bi tp 4,5,6 / 112 SNC ; bi 2, 3, 4 SCB

BI 20 (tit : 36,37,38 )

DY IN HA CHUN CA KIM LOI

I. MC TIU BI HC: 1. Kin thc: Bit : cc khi nim: cp oxi ha-kh ca kim loi, pin in ha, sut in ng v th in cc. Cu to ca pin in ha, s chuyn ng ca cc phn t mang in khi pin in ha hot ng. Cc phn ng ha hc xy ra catot v anot ca pin in ha. Th in cc chun ca kim loi. Dy th in cc chun ca kim loi v ngha ca n. 2. K nng: So snh tnh oxi ha ca cc ion kim loi, tnh kh ca cc kim loi gia cc cp oxi ha kh. Xc nh tn v du ca cc in cc trong pin in ha, tnh c sut in ng ca pin in ha. Tnh c th in cc chun ca mt s cp oxi hakh trong pin in ha II. CHUN B: Lp rp mt s pin in ha ZnCu, PbCu, ZnPb theo hnh 5.3 SGK. Mt s tranh nh c v trc: * S chuyn dch ca cc ion trong pin in ha ZnCu, hnh 5.6 SGK * S cu to in cc hidro chun, hnh 5.7 SGK * Th nghim xc nh th in cc chun ca cp Zn2+/Zn hnh 5.8 SGK. * Th nghim xc nh th in cc chun ca cp Ag+/Ag, hnh 5.9 SGK * Bng dy in ha chun ca kim loi (SGK). Tranh v mt s pin in ha. III. Hot ng: 1. n nh lp: 2. K hoch ging dy : Tit 1: Phn I v II. Tit 2: Phn III. Tit 3: Phn IV v V. HOT NG CA GV HOT NG CA HS I. Khi nim v cp oxi ho kh Hc sinh ghi chp Hon thnh phng trnh ho hc Hot ng 1 a) Cu + 2AgNO3 Cu(NO3)2 + 2Ag Cu hi 1: Hon thnh phng trnh ho Cu Cu2+ + 2e hc v vit s qu trnh oxi ho- kh Ag+ + 1e Ag ca phn ng: b) Fe + CuSO4 FeSO4 + Cu a) Cu + AgNO3 Fe Fe2+ + 2e b) Fe + CuSO4 Cu2+ + 2e Cu * GV nu vn . C th biu din cc hoc vit gp : Fe2+ + 2e Fe qu trnh oxi ho kh theo cch khc Cu2+ + 2e Cu c khng + Ag + 1e Ag Cht oxh Cht kh n+ Tng qut : M + ne M Cp oxi ha kh l mt cp gm cht Cht oxi ho v cht kh ca cng 1 nguyn oxiha v mt cht kh ca cng 1 t to nn cp oxi ho- kh. Cp oxi ho kh nguyn t ha hc ca cc kim loi trn c vit nh sau: Fe2+/Fe ; Cu2+/Cu ; Ag+/Ag. Cu hi 2: Xc nh cht oxi ho- kh t Tng qut: Mn+/M rt ra nhn xt. * GV a ra s tng qut v gii thiu cp oxi ho-kh.

II. Pin in ho Hot ng 2 1. Khi nim v pin in ha, sut in ng v th in cc: GV tin hnh th nghim nh SGK hoc m t th nghim (s dng s pin in ho Zn-Cu) hnh 5.3. Nu c iu kin dng phn mm m phng pin in ho cho HS xem. 2. C ch pht sinh dng in: - M t cu to ca pin, hot ng ca pin, nhn xt v gii thch.

* GV dng s hnh 5.4, 5.5, 5.6 hoc dng phn mm m phng cho HS xem v yu cu HS nhn xt, gii thch s chuyn dch e in cc Zn, in cc Cu, cu mui tri, cu mui phi. - Vit phng trnh ion rt gn. * GV yu cu HS vit cc cp oxi hokh * GV gii thiu quy tc

1. HS nhn xt hin tng th nghim + Kim vn k lch + Sut in ng ca pin ha hc Epin = 1,10 V /v pin in ha Zn/Cu hnh 5.3 ta c E o pin = E o ( Cu 2 + / Cu ) E o ( Zn 2 + / Zn ) 2. Gii thch * in cc Zn (cc m) l ngun cung cp e, Zn b oxi ho thnh Zn2+ tan vo dung dch: Zn Zn2+ + 2e * in cc Cu (cc dng) cc e n cc Cu, y cc ion Cu2+ b kh thnh kim loi Cu bm trn b mt l ng. Cu2+ + 2e Cu * Cu mui tri: Cation NH4+ ( hoc K+) di chuyn sang cc ng dung dch CuSO4 * Cu mui phi: cc cation NO3 di chuyn sang cc ng dung dch ZnSO4. S di chuyn ca cc ion ny lm cho cc dung dch mui lun trung ho in. * Phng trnh ion rt gn biu din qu trnh oxi hokh xy ra trn b mt cc in cc ca pin in ho: Cu2+ + Zn Cu + Zn2+ Oxh Kh Kh. yu Oxh yu 2+ 2+ Zn Cu Zn Cu Cht oxi ho y u Cht oxi ho m nh
to thnh

Cht kh mnh (3) Nhn xt - GV yu cu HS nhn xt nng ca cc ion trong dung dch mui CuSO4 v ZnSO4 s tng gim nh th no trong qu trnh in phn ? Sut in ng E ca pin in ho ph thuc vo yu t no? - GV yu cu HS cn c vo cc cp pin cho trong SGK cho bit qu trnh oxi ho kh din ra trong pin Cu-Ag; Pb-Cu; Zn-Pb nh th no ? III. Th in cc chun ca kim loi Hot ng 3 : 1. in cc hidro chun - V sao cn phi xc nh th in cc

Cht kh y u

3. Kt lun: C s bin i nng cc ion Cu2+ v Zn2+ trong qu trnh hot ng ca pin. Cu2+ gim, Zn2+ tng Nng lng ca phn ng oxi ha kh trong pin in ha sinh ra dng in mt chiu. Nhng yu t nh hng n sut in ng ca pin in ha nh: * Nhit . * Nng ca ion kim loi. * bn cht ca kim loi lm in cc HS xem hnh 5.7 v ghi Ngi ta chp nhn mt cch quy c rng th in cc ca in cc hidro chun bng 0,00V mi nhit

chun cho mi cp oxihakh? - thng bo th in cc chun: Dng hnh 5.7 xc nh Cn phi xc nh th in cc cho mi loi cp oxi ho- kh v vy dng in cc chun so snh l in cc hiro chun. 2. Th in cc chun ca kim loi: - HS dng hnh 5.8 trnh by nhng ni dung ca th nghim xc nh th in cc chun ca cp Zn2+/Zn _ cch lp thit b xc nh th in cc chun ca Zn. Nhng phn ng ha hc xy ra cc in cc khi pin ZnH hot ng. Th in cc chun ca cp Zn2+/Zn l 0,76V

2H+ + 2e E o 2 H + / H 2 = 0,00V HS tho lun theo nhm c i din trnh by. 1. Cu to ca in cc hiro chun. - in cc platin. - in cc nhng vo dd axit H+ 1 M. 2. Cch xc nh th in cc chun hiro chun. - Cho dng kh H2 c p =1 atm lin tc i qua dd axit bt Pt hp th kh H2. - Qui c th in cc hiro chun cp oxi ho kh H+/H2 l 0,00 V ; E0 (H+/H2)= 0,00 V 3. Cch xc nh th in cc chun ca kim loi - Thit lp pin in ho gm: in cc chun ca kim loi bn phi, in cc chun ca hiro bn tri vn k hiu s in th ln nht gia hai in cc chun. Nu in cc kim loi l cc m E0<0, nu in cc kim loi l cc dng E0>0. * HS tr li: Th in cc chun ca kim loi cn o - Hiro l in cc dng (+): 2H+ + 2e ? H2 c chp nhn bng sut in ng ca - Km l in cc m ( ) : Zn ? Zn2+ + 2e pin to bi in cc hidro chun v in 2e cc chun ca kim loi cn o. + 2+ Zn +2H Zn +H2 * Vn k ch s 0,76 V. Cho bit hiu s in th ln nht gia 2 in cc chun ca cp Zn2+/Zn v H+/H2. K hiu: E0(Zn2+/Zn)= 0,76 V. * Xc nh th in cc chun cp Ag+/Ag : Dng hnh 5.9 trnh by ni dung th Cc phn ng xy ra: nghim xc nh th in cc chun ca Ag l cc dng (catot): Ag+ + e Ag + cp Ag /Ag. Hot ng dy v hc tng Hidro l cc m (anot) : H2 2H+ + 2e t trn. Phn ng xy ra trong pin: 2Ag+ + H2 2Ag + 2H+ H2 IV. Dy th in cc chun ca kim loi: Nguyn tc sp xp cc cp oxihakh ca kim loi trong dy nh th no?
K+/K 2,93

Dy th in cc chun ca kim loi l dy sp xp cc kim loi theo th t tng dn th in cc chun .

Na+/Na 2,71

Mg2+/Mg 2,37

Al3+/Al 1,66

Zn2+/Zn 0,76

Fe2+/Fe 0,44

Ni2+/Ni 0,26

Sn2+/Sn 0,14

Pb2+/Pb 0,13

2H+/H2 0,00

Cu2+/Cu +0,34

Ag+/Ag Au3+/Au +0,80

+1,50

V. ngha ca dy th in cc chun ca kim loi: Hot ng 4: 1. So snh tnh oxihakh: Nguyn tc sp xp cc cp oxi hakh ca kim loi trong dy nh th no?

Trong dung mi nc, th in cc chun ca kim loi E 0 M n + / M cng ln th tnh oxiha ca cation Mn+ cng mnh v tnh kh ca kim loi M cng yu. Ngc li th in cc chun ca kim loi cng nh th tnh oxiha ca cation cng yu v tnh kh ca kim loi cng mnh.

2. Xc nh chiu ca phn ng oxiha kh: Hc sinh phn tch phn ng gia 2 cp oxihakh : Hs phn tch cc chi tit trong th Cu2+/Cu (E0 = +0,34V) v Ag+/Ag ( E0 = +0,80V) thy: nghim xc nh chiu ca phn ng ion Cu2+ c tnh oxi ha yu hn ion Ag+. gia 2 cp oxihakh Cu2+/Cu v kim loi Cu c tnh kh mnh hn Ag. Ag+/Ag Cp oxihakh Cu2+/Cu c th in cc chun nh hn ca cp oxiha kh Ag+/Ag. Kt lun : quy tc Kt lun: Cation kim loi trong cp oxihakh c th in cc chun ln hn c th oxiha c kim loi trong cp c th in cc chun nh hn. 2Ag+ + Cu Cu2+ + 2Ag Hc sinh tm hiu thm phn ng gia 2 Mg + 2H+ Mg2+ + H2 2+ + cp oxihakh : Mg /Mg v 2H /H2 Kt lun tng t trn. Sut in ng chun ca pin in ha (E0pin) bng th 3. Xc nh sut in ng chun ca in cc chun ca cc dng tr i th in cc pin in ha: Hng dn HS tnh sut chun ca cc m. Sc in ng ca pin in ha in ng chun ca pin in ha. lun l s dng. Th d: Sut in ng chun ca pin in ha ZnCu: 0 0 E0pin = E Cu 2 + / Cu E Zn 2 + / Zn = 0,34V (0,76V) = 1,10V 4. Xc nh th in cc chun ca cp oxihakh: 0 Bit: E pin ( Ni Cu ) = 0,60V Ta c th xc nh c th in cc chun ca cp oxihakh khi bit sut in ng chun ca pin i ha (E0pin) v th in cc chun ca cp oxihakh cn li . Th d: vi pin (Ni-Cu) ta c: 0 0 E Ni 2 + / Ni = E Cu 2 + / Cu E 0 pin

0 V ECu 2 + / Cu = +0,34V Cc dng l cc Cu. 0 Th : E Ni 2 + / Ni = +0,34V0,60V = 0,26V Cng c: - Th no l cp oxi ha kh ; sut in ng ; pin in ha ; th in cc chun ca kim loi ngha ca dy th in cc chun. Bi tp: 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 / 122 SGKNC v 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 /89SGKCB

BI 21 (TIT:39

LUYN TP TNH CHT CA KIM LOI.

I. MC TIU: 1. Kin thc : cng c nhng kin thc v : - Tnh cht vt l v ha hc chung ca kim loi. - Cp oxiha- kh ca kim loi . - Pin in ha ( th in cc chun ca kim loi, sc in ng chun ca pin in ha) 2. K nng: - Bit xc nh tn v du ca cc in cc trong pin in ha. - Tnh sut in ng chun ca pin in ha. II. CHUN B: mt sphiu kim tra hc sinh. III. HOT NG DY HC: Hot ng ca gio vin Hot ng ca hc sinh Hotng 1: Tnh cht chung ca kim loi Tr li: GV t cu hi: Tnh cht vt l chung ca kim loi nh tnh do,dn - nhng tnh cht vt l chung ca kim loi in, dn nhit, nh kim ch yu do cc electron t do l g? Gii thch trong kim loi gy ra. - tnh cht ha hc chung ca kim loi ? gii Tnh kh : do nguyn t kim loi d nhng electron thch v cho th d. ha tr trong cc phn ng ha hc. Hot ng 2: Cp oxiha-kh ca kim loi Gio vin yu cu HS: Tr li: Vit mt s cp oxi ha kh ca kim loi - dng oxi ha (Mn+) v dng kh (M) ca cng mt kim loi to nn mt cp oxiha kh, gia chng c mi quan h: Mn+ + ne M Cp oxi ha kh c vit tt l : Mn+/M Cho bit chiu ca phn ng oxi ha-kh Cation ca kim loi ca cp oxi ha kh c th gia 2 cp oxi ha kh ca kim loi ( theo in cc chun ln hn c th oxiha c kim loi quy tc : cp oxi ha kh c th in trong cp c th in cc chun nh hn cc chun ln hn c vit bn phi, cp c th in cc chun nh hn vit bn tri) Hot ng 3: Pin in ha. Gv yu cu HS: So snh tnh oxi ha ca ion kim loi trong cc cp oxi ha kh c th in cc Tr li: tnh oxi ha xp theo th t: chun ln hn v nh hn th in cc Cu2+> H+ > Zn2+ chun ca cp 2H+/H2. Thd : Pin in ha to bi 2 cp oxi ha kh Fe2+/Fe v 2+ + 2+ Zn /Zn 2H /H2 Cu /Cu Cu2+/Cu c th in cc chun ghi nh sau: E0 =0,76V 0,00V +0,34V Fe2+/Fe Cu2+/Cu 0 Tnh sut in ng ca pin in ha: E = 0,44V E0= + 0,34V Nh: cng thc tnh sut in ng chun E0pin = 0,34V (0,44V) = 0,78V ca pin in ha : E0ph = E0cc (+) E0cc ()

BI 22 ( TIT :40,41 ) S IN PHN. I. MC TIU BI HC: 1. kin thc: Bit s in phn l g? Bit nhng ng dng ca s in phn trong cng nghip. Hiu s chuyn dch ca cc ion trong qu trnh in phn: NaCl nng chy, Dung dch CuSO4 vi in cc tr v in cc tan. Hiu nhng phn ng ha hc xy ra trn cc in cc trong qu trnh in phn v Vit c phng trnh in phn. 2. k nng: thc hin c mt sth nghim in phn n gin: pdd CuSO4 vi anot tr v anot tan. Bit xc nh tn cc in cc trong bnh in phn. Vit c phng trnh ha hc ca phn ng xy ra trn cc in cc v vit c phng trnh in phn. Gii c cc bi ton lin quan n s in phn. II. CHUN B: * th nghim trc quan: Ha cht: dung dch CuSO4 0,5M Dng c: ng hnh ch U, nt cc in cc, ngun in mt chiu cng vi bin tr, dy ni cc in cc. * Mt s tranh v v s in phn. III. HOT NG GING DY: 1. n nh lp: 2. Dy bi mi: HOT NG CA GV I. KHI NIM : Hot ng 1 Cho HS xem s hnh 5.10 yu cu HS m t bnh in phn, hot ng ca bnh in phn. Pt phn li: NaCl ? Na+ + Cl Cc dng: 2Cl (l) ? Cl2 (k) + 2e Cc m: 2Na+ (l) + 2e ? 2Na Phng trnh in phn: pnc 2NaCl 2Na + Cl2 HOT NG CA HS

* Thit b in phn gm c: - Bnh in phn - 2 in cc. Cc m v cc dng; ant c ni vi cc (+) ca ngun in mt chiu; catot c ni vi cc (-) ca ngun in mt chiu. * Hot ng ca bnh in phn: Khi c dng in mt chiu chy qua trn in cc dng (anot) xy ra s oxi ho, trn in cc m (catot) xy ra s kh. Ch phn bit cc ca pin in ho v Nu khi nim cc ca bnh in phn. S in phn l qu trnh oxi ha kh xy ra trn b mt GV b sung cc thng tin. cc in cc khi c dng in mt chiu i qua cht in li nng chy hoc dung dch cht in li. T yu cu HS rt ra kt lun v s in phn. II. S IN PHN CC CHT IN LI Hot ng 2 1. S in phn NaCl nng chy S dng phng php m thoi: GV yu cu HS: - Cho bit cc ion di chuyn trong dd nh th no ? Khi c dng in mt chiu chy qua. Cc dng (anot) din ra s oxi ha. Cc m (catot) din ra s kh. Qu trnh oxi ho-kh c biu din NaCl Catot (cc m) Anot (cc d ng)

- Phng trnh in phn v s in Na+ + 1e Na 2Cl- -2e Cl2 phn c biu din nh th no ? Phng trnh in phn - p MgCl2 nng chy tng t NaCl 2 NaCl pnc Na +Cl 2 nng chy Hot ng 5 2. S in phn dd CuSO4: a) in phn dd CuSO4 vi cc in cc tr ( graphit) Tho lun phiu hc tp s 4 Cu hi 1: Cu to ca bnh in phn. Cu hi 2: Hot ng ca bnh in phn v hin tng xy ra trong qu trnh in phn. Cu hi 3: Gii thch * Khi c dng in mt chiu chy qua cc ion trong dd dch chuyn nh th no ? * Cc qu trnh oxi ho-kh din ra cc in cc nh th no ? (xt th in cc chun). * Bnh in phn l ng ch U, 2 in cc bng graphit, mt in cc m v mt in cc dng, dd cht in phn l CuSO4. * Khi cho dng in mt chiu i qua (c hiu in th 1,3 V) c hin tng: - catot: kim loi Cu bm vo in cc.( cc m) - anot: Bt kh O2 thot ra. ( cc dng ) * Khi to nn mt in th gia hai in cc, cc ion SO42di chuyn v anot. Cc ion Cu2+ di chuyn v catot. * Catot c th xy ra s kh ion Cu2+ hoc H2O. Xt th in cc chun: E0 (Cu2+/Cu) = 0,34 V; E0(H2O/H2)= - 0,83 V. Nh vy ion Cu2+ c tnh oxi ho mnh hn cc phn t H2O. V vy y xy ra s kh cc ion Cu 2+ thnh Cu bm trn catot: Cu2+ + 2e Cu * anot: C th xy ra s oxi ho cc ion SO42- hoc H2O. Xt th in cc chun E0 (H2O/ O2) = -0,83 V; E0 (SO42-/H2O) = 1,70 V. Nh vy H2O c tnh kh mnh hn cc ion SO42- nn H2O d b oxi ha sinh ra kh O2 anot: 2H2O O2 + 4 H+ + 4e * Cc (-) CuSO4 Cc (+) (H2O) Cu2+, H2O H2O, SO42Cu2+ + 2e Cu 2H2O O2 + 4 H+ + 4e * Phng trnh in phn 2 CuSO4 +2 H2O * Vit phng trnh in phn. a) in phn dd CuSO4 vi anot ng (anot tan) : Hc sinh quan st th nghim v nhn xt: Th nghim c m t nh hnh Anot tan ht, catot kh kim loi Cu bm vo 2+ 5.12. Hng dn hc sinh gii thch anot (+) Nguyn t Cu b oxi ha thnh ion Cu i vo 2+ dung dch: Cu (r) Cu (dd) + 2e. hin tng. Anot dn dn b ha tan. catot ( ) ion Cu2+ bi kh thnh Cu bm trn b mt catot: Cu2+ (dd) + 2e Cu(r) Phng trnh in phn: Cu(r) + Cu2+ (dd) Cu2+ (dd) + Cu (r) Anot III. NG DNG CA S IN 1. iu ch kim loi. Catot
p

* Vit s in phn.

2Cu +O2 +H2SO4

PHN 2. iu ch mt s phi kim (H2 ; O2...) Hot ng 6 3. iu ch mt s loi hp cht (KMnO4, NaOH, H2O, GV cho HS nghin cu SGK trnh by nc giaven...) ng dng ca s in phn. 4. Tinh ch mt s kim loi: Cu, Pb, Zn, Fe, Ag, Au... 5. M in...

Hot ng 7 Tng kt bi hc, ra bi tp v nh.

Tit 42 BI 23 I. Mc tiu ca bi hc 1. Kin thc

S N MN KIM LOI

Hiu cc khi nim: th no l n mn kim loi, n mn ho hc v n mn in ho. Hiu cc iu kin, c ch v bn cht ca n mn ho hc v n mn in ho hc. Hiu nguyn tc v cc bin php chng n mn kim loi. 2. K nng Phn bit c hin tng n mn ho hc v n mn in ho kim loi xy ra trong t nhin, trong i sng gia nh, trong sn xut. Bit s dng cc cc bin php bo v dng, cc cng c lao ng bng kim loi chng s n mn kim loi. Bit cch gi gn nhng vt bng kim loi c trng, m bng km, thic. II. Chun b Chun b th nghim v n mn in ho : Dng c : - Cc thu tinh loi 200 ml - Cc l Zn v l Cu - Bng n pin 1,5 V hoc vn-k - Dy dn - 150 ml dung dch H2SO4 1 M. - 2 cc thu tinh loi nh, hoc ng nghim. - Mt s inh st sch, dy km hoc dy nhm. - Dung dch H2SO4 long, dung dch kali feroxinua (thuc th nhn bit ion Fe2+).

Ho cht :

Chun b th nghim chng n mn kim loi bng phng php in ho Dng c : Ho cht :

Mt s tranh v v s n mn in ho, bo v v tu bin bng phng php in ho. III. Hot ng dy hc

HOT NG CA GV HOT NG CA HS

Hot ng 1 (3 5 pht). - Th no l s n mn kim loi ? Bn cht ca s n mn kim loi l g ?

Hot ng 2 (7 10 pht). - Bn cht ca s n mn ho hc l g ? - S n mn ho hc thng xy ra u ? -Dn ra cc phn ng ho hc minh ho.

I- KHI NIM: - n mn kim loi l s ph hu kim loi hoc hp kim do tc dng ca cc cht trong mi trng. M Mn+ + ne II- HAI DNG N MN KIM LOI: 1. S n mn ho hc - Bn cht ca s n mn ho hc l qu trnh oxi ho kh, trong cc electron ca kim loi c chuyn trc tip n cc cht trong mi trng. - Th d: o t 3Fe + 4H2O Fe3O4 + 4 H2 o
t

 Hot ng 3 (28 30 pht). 1. (9 10 pht) GV thc hin th nghim v n mn in ho (theo hnh 5.13). GV chnh xc ho.

GV kt lun v lu HS n cc yu t : kh oxi tan trong dung dch cht in li v s pht sinh dng in. 2. (9 10 pht) Th nghim v cc yu t gy ra n mn in ho :GV dng thit b biu din n mn in ho trn, ri ln lt thc hin cc th nghim sau : a) Ngt dy dn ni 2 in cc. b) Thay l Cu bng l Zn (2 in cc cng cht, c ngha l kim loi tinh khit). c) Khng cho cc in cc tip xc vi dung dch in li (trong th nghim ny l dung dch H2SO4). HS quan st hin tng v nhn xt. GV chnh xc ho v cc yu t cn v xy ra n mn in ho. 3. (6 7 pht) GV dng tranh v sn theo hnh 5.14 SGK nhng ch c mt s ch thch sau : Lp dung dch cht in li, vt bng gang thp, cc tinh th Fe v C. HS xc nh : * Cc in cc dng v m. * Nhng phn ng xy ra cc in cc. GV hon thin hoc b sung.(3 4 pht) GV yu cu HS pht biu v bn cht ca hin tng n mn in ho.

Hot ng 4 (18 20 pht). GV thng bo cho HS mt s thng tin v tn

2Fe + 3 Cl2 2 FeCl3 to 3 Fe + 2 O2 Fe3O4 2. n mn in ho a Khi nim v n mn in ho Hin tng: HS quan st cc hin tng (bt kh H2 thot ra in cc no, in cc no b n mn, bng in sng hoc kim vn-k b lch). Gii thch: HS vn dng nhng hiu bit ca mnh v pin in ho gii thch cc hin tng quan st c. HS pht biu ni dung khi nim v n mn in ho. Vy: n mn in ha hc l qu trnh oxi ha kh , trong kim loi b n mn do tc dng ca dung dch cht in li v to nn dng electron chuyn di t cc m n cc dng. b - iu kin xy ra n mn in ho * Cc in cc phi khc nhau v bn cht : - kim loi kim loi. - kim loi phi kim. - kim loi hp cht ha hc. Kim loi c th in cc chun nh hn ( tnh kh mnh hn) l cc m. * Cc in cc phi tip xc trc tip hoc gin tip vi nhau qua dy dn. * Cc in cc cng tip xc vi dung dch cht in li. c- n mn in ha hc hp kim ca st ( gang , thp) trong khng kh m : * HS xc nh : a) Cc in cc dng v m. b) Nhng phn ng xy ra cc in cc. Cc dng ( C) Cc m ( Fe) Xy ra cc p kh Xy ra p oxi ho + 2H + 2e H2 Fe Fe2+ + 2e O2+2H2O+4e 4OH* HS pht biu v bn cht ca hin tng n mn in ho. Ion Fe2+ tip tc b oxi ha di tc dng ca ion OH to ra g st c thnh phn ch yu l Fe2O3.nH2O Iii - Chng n mn kim loi. 1 - Phng php bo v b mt HS tm hiu trong SGK v da vo kin thc thc t trnh by: ph 1 lp sn, du m, cht do hoc trng m bng kim loi khc 2 - Phng php in ho

tht do n mn kim loi gy ra trong nc, th gii, a phng ... d) GV yu cu HS trnh by : Mc ch ca phng php bo v b mt l g ? Gii thiu mt s cht c dng lm cht bo v b mt ? Nhng cht ny cn c nhng c tnh no ? e) GV yu cu HS tm hiu : Khi nim v bo v in ho. Hot ng 5 (20 22 pht). Cng c bi hc v cha bi tp 1, 4, 5 trong SGK

* HS trnh by v khi nim bo v in ha: dng kim loi lm vt hi sinh bo v vt liu kim loi. Th d: bo v v tu bin bng thp, ngi ta gn cc l Zn vo pha ngoi v tu phn chm trong nc bin. * HS nghin cu hnh v trnh by. Cc dng (v tu) Cc m (l km) Oxi b kh Zn b oxi ho O2+2H2O+4e 4OH Zn Zn2+ + 2e Kt qu l v tu c bo v, Zn l vt hi sinh, n b n mn.

IV. Hng dn gii mt s bi tp trong SGK 4 Ch ni ca 2 kim loi Al Cu trong t nhin c iu kin hnh thnh hin tng n mn in ho. Al l cc m b n mn nhanh. Dy b t. Kt lun : Khng nn ni bng nhng kim loi khc nhau, nn ni bng on dy Cu. 1 Bn cht ging nhau (cng l phn ng oxi ho - kh), khc nhau : Trong n mn in ho, nng lng do phn ng oxi ho - kh sinh ra c chuyn ho thnh in nng. Trong n mn ho hc, nng lng c chuyn ho thnh nhit nng (khng pht sinh dng in). 5 a) Zn v Sn l nhng kim loi hot ng, nhng trong t nhin chng u c bao ph bng lp mng mng oxit c kht m cc cht kh v nc khng thm qua c. Do vy c th dng bo v st. b) Hin tng v c ch n mn : Hin tng : o nhng ch xy st ca c 2 vt u xy ra hin tng n mn in ho kim loi. o vt xy st trn vt trng thic (Sn) xut hin cht rn mu nu (g st). Trn vt trng km (Zn) xut hin cht rn di dng bt mu trng (hp cht ca km). C ch xy ra n mn :

Cc (+) : 2H + 2e H2 Kt qu : Fe b n mn in ho nhanh.
+

Cc () : Zn Zn2+ + 2e Cc (+) : 2H+ + 2e H2 Fe c bo v, Zn b n mn chm.

Tit 43,44 BI 24 I. Mc tiu ca bi hc 1. Kin thc

IU CH KIM LOI

Bit nguyn tc chung v iu ch kim loi. Hiu cc phng php c vn dng iu ch kim loi. Mi phng php thch hp vi s iu ch nhng kim loi no. Dn ra c nhng phn ng ho hc v iu kin ca phn ng iu ch nhng kim loi c th. 2. K nng Bit gii cc bi ton iu ch kim loi, trong c bi ton iu ch kim loi bng phng php in phn khng hoc c s dng nh lut Faraay. II. Chun b Bng Dy in ho chun ca kim loi, Bng tun hon cc nguyn t ho hc. HS xem li Bi 16 nh. III. Hot ng dy hc Hot ng ca GV Hot ng 1 (3 4 pht) Hot ng ca HS
I. NGUYN TC IU CH KIM LOI.

GV thng bo, trong t nhin ch c mt s t Thc hin s kh : kim loi tn ti trng thi t do, nh Au, Pt, Mn+ + ne M Hg ... Hu ht cc kim loi khc u di dng cc hp cht ho hc (oxit, mui)., kim II. PHNG PHP IU CH KIM LOI loi tn ti dng ion dng. 1.Phng php thu luyn GV t cu hi, nguyn tc iu ch kim loi l g ? Bng cch no c th chuyn nhng ion - HS nu: Dng ho cht thch hp nh H2SO4, NaOH, kim loi thnh kim loi t do ? Hot ng 2 (8 10 pht). GV hng NaCN tch hp cht ca kim loi ra khi qung. Sau dng cht kh kh ion kim loi dn HS nghin cu SGK : thnh kim loi t do C s ca vic iu ch kim loi bng - Th d: phng php thu luyn l g ? iu ch Ag t qung sunfua Ag2S: Dn th d v vit phng trnh phn ng Ag2S + 4NaCN 2Na[Ag(CN)2] + Na2S ho hc. 2Na[Ag(CN)2] + Zn Na2[Zn(CN)4] + Phng php thu luyn c dng 2Ag iu ch nhng kim loi no ? Dng Fe kh ion Cu2+ trong dd mui ng Hot ng 3 (5 7 pht). Fe + CuSO4 FeSO4 + Cu C s khoa hc ca phng php nhit - Phng php nydng iu ch kim loi luyn iu ch kim loi l g ? yu. Dn ra mt s kim loi c iu ch 2. Phng php nhit luyn bng phng php nhit luyn, vit - C s: Kh nhng ion kim loi phng trnh phn ng ho hc, iu kin

ca nhng phn ng ny l g ? Nhng kim loi no thng c iu ch bng phng php nhit luyn ? Hot ng 4 (13 15 pht). C s ca phng php in phn iu ch kim loi l g ? Nhng kim loi no c th c iu ch bng phng php in phn ? Dn ra th d iu ch kim loi hot ng bng phng php in phn, th d, iu ch Na (nguyn liu, trng thi, s v phng trnh in phn). Dn th d iu ch kim loi hot ng trung bnh bng phng php in phn, th d iu ch Zn (nguyn liu, trng thi, s v phng trnh in phn). GV: Th d, khng mt cht ho hc no c

trong oxit nhit cao bng cc cht kh nh: C, CO, H2 hoc Al, KL kim, KL kim th. - Th d: : CO2 PbO + H2 ZnO + C Pb + H2O Zn + CO
to

Fe2O3 +3 CO

2 Fe + 3

Vi kim loi km hot ng nh Hg, Ag ch cn t chy qung cng thu c kim loi m khng cn tc nhn kh: HgS + O2 Hg + SO2 - Dng trong CN, iu ch nhng kim loi hot ng trung bnh. 3. Phng php in phn. HS tr li: Phng php in phn dng nng lng ca dng in gy ra s bin i ho hc, l phn ng oxi ho - kh. Trong s in phn, tc nhn kh l cc () mnh hn nhiu ln tc nhn kh l cht ho hc. Th d, khng mt cht ho hc no c th kh c cc ion kim loi kim thnh kim loi. Trong in phn, tc nhn oxi ho l cc (+) mnh hn nhiu ln tc nhn oxi ho l cht ho hc.

th oxi ho c ion F thnh kh F2. Nhng phn ng ny c th thc hin bng phng php in phn. V vy, bng phng php in phn, ngi ta c th iu ch c hu ht cc kim loi, k c nhng kim loi c tnh kh mnh nht. Ngi ta cng iu ch c Dng trong CN, iu ch nhng kim loi hot nhiu phi kim, k c nhng phi kim c ng trung bnh. 3. Phng php in phn. tnh oxi ho mnh nht. Hot ng 5 (7 8 pht). Cng c bi hc. * GV cng c bi hc bng cch cho HS lm mt s bi tp sau : HS tr li: Phng php in phn dng nng lng ca dng in gy ra s bin i ho hc, l phn ng oxi ho - kh. Trong s in phn, tc Bi tp 1 trong SGK. nhn kh l cc () mnh hn nhiu ln tc Bi tp c dn lm th d trong mc nhn kh l cht ho hc. Th d, khng mt nh lut Faraay SGK. cht ho hc no c th kh c cc ion kim loi kim thnh kim loi. Trong in phn, tc nhn oxi ho l cc (+) mnh hn nhiu ln tc nhn oxi ho l cht ho hc. Dng trong CN, iu ch nhng kim loi hot ng trung bnh.

3. Phng php in phn. HS tr li: Phng php in phn dng nng lng ca dng in gy ra s bin i ho hc, l phn ng oxi ho - kh. Trong s in phn, tc nhn kh l cc () mnh hn nhiu ln tc nhn kh l cht ho hc. Th d, khng mt cht ho hc no c th kh c cc ion kim loi kim thnh kim loi. Trong in phn, tc nhn oxi ho l cc (+) mnh hn nhiu ln tc nhn oxi ho l cht ho hc. - Th d: S in phn dung dch ZnSO4
Cc (-) Zn , H2O Zn2++2e Zn
2+

ZnSO4 (dd)

Cc (+) SO42-, H2O

2 H2O4H++O2+ 4e

Phng trnh in phn: 2 ZnSO4 + H2O 2 Zn + 2 H2SO4 + O2

III. NH LUT FARADAY

- Cng thc: m= - Th d: Tnh khi lng Cu thu c cc (-) sau 1 gi in phn dd CuCl2 vi cng dng in l 5 ampe. mCu = IV.Gii mt s bi tp trong SGK 1 T NaCl iu ch kim loi Na bng phng php in phn NaCl nng chy. T FeS2 iu ch kim loi Fe bng cch nng FeS2 Fe2O3, sau dng phng php nhit luyn. T Cu(OH)2 iu ch kim loi Cu c th dng nhiu phng php, thch hp l phng php in phn c c Cu tinh khit. c) H2O c 2 vai tr : Lm cho Cu(NO3)2 phn li thnh ion Cu2+ v NO3 . Tham gia vo qu trnh oxi ho cc (+). d) Nng ion Cu2+ gim, nng ion H+ tng, nng ion NO3 khng thay i. 3 a) Ngm hn hp bt Ag v Cu trong dung dch AgNO3 d. 64.5.3600 = 5,9 gam 96500 .2 AIt 96500 n

b) Oxi ho hn hp trong kh oxi nhit cao : Cu b oxi ho thnh CuO. Ngm hn hp Ag v CuO trong dung dch H2SO4 long. c) Ho tan hn hp bt Ag v Cu trong dung dch HNO3 c dung dch cha 2 mui l AgNO3 v Cu(NO3)2. Sau , c th dng phng php in phn vi in cc tr, ion Ag+ b kh trc, bm trn cc () (catot). Hoc c th dng mt lng Cu va kh ht ion Ag+ thnh Ag. 4 Phng trnh in phn : 4AgNO3 + 2H2O 4Ag + O2 + 4HNO3 2Cu(NO3)2 + 2H2O 2Cu + O2 + 4HNO3 mO2 = (1) (2)

Theo nh lut Faraay ta tnh c khi lng kh O2 thu c anot : 16.0,804.2.60.60 = 0,48 (g) nO2 = 0,015 (mol) 96500.2

t x v y l s mol Ag v Cu thu c catot sau in phn, ta c h phng trnh i s : 108x + 64y = 3,44 x y + = 0,015 4 2 x = y = 0,02 (mol) Nng mol cc mui : CM (AgNO3) = CM Cu(NO3)2 = 5 6 p s : Mui canxi clorua CaCl2. b) Khi lng Ag thu c catot : mAg = 108.5.15.60 = 5,03 (g) Ag 96500.1 1000.0,02 = 0,1 (M) 200

c) Hng dn : S mol AgNO3 tham gia in phn l 0,04 mol. S mol AgNO3 tham gia phn ng ho hc l 0,01 mol. Khi lng AgNO3 c trong dung dch ban u l 8,50 g.

Tit:45,46 BI 25

LUYN TP S IN PHN S N MN KIM LOI - IU CH KIM LOI.

I- MC TIU CA BI LUYN TP: 1. Kin thc: Cng c nhng kin thc v : - S in phn ( phn ng ha hc xy ra cc in cc ca thit b in phn) - iu ch kim loi ( 3 phng php iu ch km loi). - S n mn kim loi v cc bin php chng n mn kim loi. 2. k nng: - bit xc nh tn v du ca cc in cc trong thit b in phn. - Bit gii cc bi tp lin quan n kin thc luyn tp. II- CHUN B: - mt s phiu kim tra hc sinh. - Mt s tranh nh, hnh v v thit b in phn, n mn kim loi. III- T CHC HOT NG: Hot ng ca thy Hot ng 1: S IN PHN: * Th no l s in phn ? * Tn v du ca cc in cc trong thit b in phn: - Tn v du ca cc in cc trong thit b in phn v trong pin in ha c g khc nhau? - Phn ng ha hc xy ra anot, catot trong thit b in phn v trong pin in ha c khc nhau khng? * Phn ng ha hc trong qu trnh in phn : Nhng phn ng ha hc no xy ra anot v catot trong qu trnh in phn: - Mui NaBr khan nng chy ( in cc tr) - dung dch NaBr (in cc tr) Vit phng trnh in phn cho mi trng hp trn Hot ng 2: S N MN KIM LOI * V bn cht, s n mn ha hc v s n mn in ha hc c g ging v khc nhau ? Hot ng ca tr * Tr li khi nim s in phn : S in phn l qu trnh oxi ha - kh xy ra b mt cc in cc kh c dng in mt chiu i qua cht in li nng chy hoc dung dch cht in li. * tn th ging nhng khc nhau v du * Phn ng ha hc ging nhau catot ( cc m) xy ra s kh ( in phn) catot ( cc dng) xy ra s kh ( pin) anot ( cc dng) xy ra s oxi ha ( p) anot ( cc m) xy ra s oxi ha ( pin) * Hc sinh tr li. Nh: - catot (-) xy ra s kh, cht c tnh oxi ha mnh hn d bi6 kh. - anot (+) xy ra s oxi ha, cht c tnh kh mnh hn th d b oxi ha. - Nu anot ( +) khng tr th anot tan. Tr li: - ging: phn ng oxi ha kh . - khc nhau: n mn ha hc: khng hnh thnh dng in. n mn in ha hc c hnh thnh dng electron. Tr li: - Bin php bo v b mt nh sn, trng , m, bi du m, ph cht do - Bin php bo v in ha : dng kim loi c tnh kh mnh hn bo v

* C nhng bin php no c dng chng n mn kim loi? Thc cht ca mi bin php l g?

Hot ng 3: PHNG PHP IU CH KIM LOI: * C s khoa hc ca phng php ny l g? * Phng php ny thng dng iu ch kim loi no?

Thc cht l cch li kim loi vi mi

trng. Tr li: - C s khoa hc: kh ion dng kim loi trong hp cht thnh kim loi t do. - c 3 phng php : * Thy luyn : iu ch kim loi yu * Nhit luyn: iu ch kim loi trung bnh v yu. * in phn: iu ch kim loi mnh ( in phn nng chy), trung bnh , yu ( in phn dung dch) Sa mt s bi tp trong sch gio khoa: 4, 5,6, 7/ 143 SGKNC ; bi 1, 2/103 SGKCB Tit .47 BI 26 BI THC HNH S 3

DY IN HA CA KIM LOI IU CH KIM LOI

I. MC TIU: - cng c kin thc v pin in ha v in phn. - Tip tc rn luyn k nng tin hnh th nghim, quan st v gii thch hin tng xy ra, kt lun. II- CHUN B DNG C TH NGHIM V HOA CHT CHO MT NHM THC HNH : 1. Dng c th nghim: 4 cc thy tinh ; 2 l km ; 1 l ng ; 1 l ch ; 2 cu mui ( ng thy tinh hnh ch U, ng knh chng 8 mm, bn trong cha cht keo tm dung dch mui hoc thay bng mt on bc n tm dung dch mui). - 1 in k ; 4 dy dn in km cht cm v kp c su ; 2 in cc graphit ; 1 tm ba y ming cc thy tinh c 2 l trn cm in cc graphit ; 2 tm ba y ming cc thy tinh c 2 l dt cm cc in cc nh Zn, Cu, Pb ; 1 bin th kim chnh lu . 2. Ha cht: Dung dch ZnSO4 1M ; dung dch CuSO4 1M ; dung dch Pb(NO3)2 1M. Dung dch NH4NO3 ( hoc KCl ) bo ha . III- HOT NG : Hot ng 1: CNG VIC U BUI THC HNH: Chia s HS trong lp ra tng nhm thc hnh T 4 n 5 HS Nu mc tiu, yu cu tit thc hnh v nhng im cn lu trong tin hnh th nghim Sut din ng cua pin in ha ph thuc bn cht cp oxi ha kh ca kim loi, nng dung dch mui v nhit . V vy cc kim loi phi l kim loi nguyn cht. Dung dch in li phi c nng mol chnh xc. Hot ng ca thy Hot ng 2: TH NGHIM 1 : SUT IN NG CA CC PIN IN HA Zn-Cu v ZnPb : lu hc sinh: Ch v cc hp cht ca ch rt c, hc sinh phi ra tay sch s sau khi th nghim. C th thay cc dd in phn bng cc dd khc nh CuCl2; ZnCl2 ; Cu(NO3)2 ; Zn(NO3)2 ; C th s dng dd bo ha khc trong cu mui, nh KCl. Khi cn thit, c th dng on bc n hoc dng bng giy lc gp i li ( c chiu rng chng 1 cm), tm dd mui NH4NO3 hoc KCl thay cu mui ng thy tinh. Hot ng ca tr TH NGHIM 1: * Pin in ha ZnCu : Lp pin in ha ZnCu theo s hnh 5.3 trang 115 SGK nng cao. L km nhng vo cc ng dd ZnSO4 1M, l Cu nhng vo cc ng dd CuSO4 1M. Ni 2 dd mui trong 2 cc bng mui ng dd NH4NO3. Ni 2 in cc vi vn k, in cc Zn bn tri v in cc Cu bn phi vn k. Ghi sut in ng ca pin in ha Zn Cu * pin in ha ZnPb: Lp pin in ha ZnPb tng t s pin in ha ZnCu : l Zn nhng vo cc ng dd ZnSO4 1M, l Pb nhng vo cc ng dd Pb(NO3)2 1M . Ni

 Dung dch in li c pha phi c nng mol chnh xc . kt qu: sut in ng pin ZnCu khong 1,10V Sut in ng pin ZnPb khong 0,6V Nhn xt : sut in ng ca pin ZnCu ln hn ca pin ZnPb. Yu t nh hng n sut in n c pin in ha l bn cht ca cp oxi hakhca kim loi. Ngoi ra cn phi tnh n nng dd mui v nhit . Hot ng 3: TH NGHIM 2: in phn dung dch CuSO4, cc in cc bng graphit . chun b th nghim nh hng dn sch GS Lu : dng dd CuSO4long ; c th tn dng li than ca pin kh c ra sch thay cho in cc graphit.; c th iu chnh dng in bng cch tng hiu in th ngun in mt chiu t 1V 2V, 3V, 6V Phng trnh in phn: 2CuSO4 + 2H2O 2Cu + O2 + 2H2SO4 Hot ng 4: Gio vin nhn xt , nh gi bui thc hnh. Hc sinh thu dn dng c ha cht, v sinh phng thc hnh, vit bo co th nghim. Cch pha 200ml dung dch ZnSO4 1M S mol Zn SO4 = 0,2 x 1 = 0,2 mol Khi lng ZnSO4 : 161,41 x 0,2 = 32,28g Cn 32,28g ZnSO4 khan cho vo cc chia , rt T t nc ct vo cc v khuy u cho n vch 200ml.
pdd

hai dd mui trong 2 cc bng cu mui ng dd NH4NO3. Ni 2 cc vi vn k, in cc Zn bn tri v in cc Pb bn phi ca vn k. Ghi sut in ng cua pin ZnPb * Nhn xt: So snh sut in ng ca cc pin in ha trn. TH NGHIM 2 Lp dng c nh hnh 5.15 . iu chnh dng in i vo dung dch . Quan st hin tng xy ra trn cc in cc. Gii thch cc hin tng v vit phng trnh in phn Hin tng : anot xut hin bt kh , catot c lp vy ng bm vo. Gii thch : Khi to nn mt hiu in th gia 2 in cc, cc ion SO42 di chuyn v anot , cc ion Cu2+ di chuyn v catot. catot: cc ion Cu2+ b kh thnh Cu bm vo catot, anot: Phn t H2O b oxiha sinh ra kh oxi:

Tit 48

BI 27:

BI THC HNH 4 n mn kim loi. Chng n mn kim loi

I- MC TIU: Cng c kin thc v s n mn v cc bin php chng n mn kim loi . Rn luyn k nng thao tc th nghim, quan st, gii thch v n mn v chng n mn kim loi. II- CHUN B: 1. Dng c th nghim: L st, l ng, inh st di 3cm, dy km, day in c kp c su hai u cc thy tinh 100ml, gi ng nghim, tm ba cng cm 2 in cc st v ng. 2. Ha cht: Dung dch NaCl m c, dung dch K3[Fe(CN)6] III- HOT NG THC HNH CA HC SINH: Nn chia s HS trong lp ra tng nhm thc hnh, mi nhm t 4 n 5 HS tin hnh th nghim. HOT NG CA GV HOT NG CA HS Thc hin nh SGK vit, GV lu : Th nghim 1. n mn in ho. C th thay l st bng chic inh st a) Tin hnh th nghim.

 lm sch b mt lm cc m. Thay l ng bng on dy ng lm sch b mt lm cc dng. Dung dch NaCl bo ho.

b) Quan st hin tng xy ra sau 4 5 pht cc (1) dung dch khng i mu, mt l st vn sng, khng c hin tng n mn kim loi. cc (2) dung dch gn l st chuyn mu xanh m, chng t c ion Fe2+, st b n mn. Trn mt l ng cc (2) c bt kh ni ln. c) Gii thch Trong cc (2), cc dng (l ng) xy ra 2H+ + 2e H2 cc phn ng kh : O2 + 2H2O + 4e 4OH cc m, l st b n mn do cc nguyn t Fe b oxi ho thnh Fe2+, tan vo dung dch : Fe Fe2+ + 2e Cc electron ca nguyn t Fe di chuyn t l st sang l ng qua dy dn. Th nghim 2. Bo v st bng phng php in ho. a) Tin hnh th nghim

GV lu : C th t to dy km t v chic pin kh c. Cn ty sch lp h v ho cht bm trn b mt kim loi Zn. Trong cc (1) dung dch ngay st chic inh st chuyn mu xanh m, chng t c ion Fe2+ : st b n mn in ho.

b) Quan st hin tng xy ra. Gii thch v kt lun. Gii thch : Chic inh Fe l cc dng, dy Zn qun quanh inh st l cc m. cc m : Zn b oxi ho : Zn Zn2+ + 2e Nhng ion Zn2+ tan vo dung dch in li.

Trong cc (2) dung dch khng i cc dng : O2 b kh mu, dy km b n mn dn. Hin tng lm hng dung dch 2H2O + O2 + 4e 4OH phenolphtalein kh nhn bit. Kt qu l dy Zn b n mn, chic inh st c Nh vy st c bo v bng bo v. phng php in ho.

IV- NI DUNG TNG TRNH TH NGHIM 1 H v tn HS : ................ Lp : ................

2 3

Tn bi thc hnh : n mn kim loi. Chng n mn kim loi. Ni dung tng trnh : Trnh by tm tt cch tin hnh th nghim, m t hin tng quan st c, gii thch v vit cc phng trnh phn ng ho hc (nu c) cc th nghim sau : Th nghim 1. n mn in ho. Th nghim 2. Bo v st bng phng php in ho.