Chapter 9 Vapour Power Cycle - Rankine Cycle

Steam (water) is working fluid Compression and expansion by isentropic processes

th =

qin qout TH TL T = = 1 L qin TH TH

1

TL is normally fixed by river/lake ( lower TL , better th ) TH can be increase by boiler temp ( higher TH , better th ) In reality, compression work of vapour at point 1 is much more than compressing liquid. ( low pump work , better th ) Higher th if steam at pt 3 to be super-heated Here comes the Rankine Cycle

9.1 Rankine Cycle

Cycle 1-2-3-4-1 Rankine cycle Cycle 1-2-3- 4-1 Rankine cycle with superheated steam

dq = du + pdv h = u + pv dh = du + pdv + vdp du = dh pdv vdp dq = dh pdv vdp + pdv = dh vdp = Tds 6

10

11

Superheated steam from boiler: o increases the mean TH increase th (th= 1-TL/TH) o Increases dryness x after turbine expansion
12

9.2 Rankine Cycle with Reheating

13

14

Example 9.2 : Use the same previous example (9.1) by incorporate reheating to the same boiler temperature at pressure of 3 MPa before expansion to the low pressure turbine. Compare the th and dryness of steam after the low pressure turbine. Solution : From before : P1=10kPa, sf=0.6483, sg=8.1502, hf=191.83, hg=2584.7 P2=6MPa, h2=197.88, wpump=6.05 T3=350oC, P3=6MPa, h3=3043, s3=6.335 T5=350oC, P5=3MPa, h5=3115.3, s5=6.7428 P6=10kPa =P1, sf=0.6483, sg=8.1502, hf=191.83, hg=2584.7 High pressure turbine : s3=s4=6.335
15

h 4 = 2855.8 + (2993.5 2855.8) s 6 = s 5 = s f + x 6 s fg6

6.335 6.2872 = 2881.94 6.5390 6.2872

6.7428 = 0.6483 + x 6 (8.1502 0.6483) x 6 = 0.81239 h 6 = 191.83 + 0.81239(2584.7 191.83) = 2135.78 w turb = (h3 h 4 ) + (h5 h 6 ) = (3043 2881.94) + (3115.3 2135.78) = 1140.59 w net = w turb w pump = 1140.59 6.05 = 1134.54 qin = (h3 h 2 ) + (h5 h 4 ) = (3043 197.88) + (3115.3 2881.94) = 3078.48 w 1134.54 th = net = = 36.85%, x 6 = 0.81239 qin 3078.48 compare with no reheating th = 36.3%, x 6 = 0.758
16