1- Situations

1-Agreeing with an opinion

I (completely) agree.
I couldn't agree more.\ Yes, you are quite
right.

Disagreeing with an opinion.

I (completely) disagree
I don't agree./I'm not (so) sure. /I don't
think so.
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2-Expressing Interest
How interesting! \ Is that right?
3-Asking for information
Excuse me, could I ask you some questions
about..?
Can / Could you tell me ....? \What does ""
mean?
4-Asking for opinion
What's your opinion about (modern novels)?
What do you think I should do to ?

Expressing Surprise
Really? I didn't know that. / Good
Heavens!
Giving information
Yes, of course. / Yes, certainly.
Yes, that's fine..

Giving opinion
I think that .. / In my opinion ..
In my point of view ..
- As far as I am
concerned ..
5-Asking for Advice
Giving Advice
What do you think I should do to...?
I think you should..
Can you give me some advice about..?
Why don't you..? / If I were you, I'd..
6-Asking for Instructions
Giving Instructions
How can I operate (this coffee machine)?
First, switch it on, then press the red
button
Can you show me how to (use this vacuum
First, connect it to the electricity
cleaner?
supply.After that,press the red
How does (this machine) work?
button/First/Then./Next./Finally
7-Language to deduce information
Making deduction
Why do you think (they built the Suez Canal)? I think they must have +PP
How do you think (they built the Suez Canal)? Well, they might have +PP..
What problems and difficulties do you think
I'm sure it can't have been easy.
there were in (building.)?
Surely, it must have cost a lot of money.
8-Making Suggestion
Responding to Suggestions
How (What) about +v+ing..? \Let's
That's a good idea.
9-Asking for an explanation
Giving an explanation
Can you explain why?/ How on earth?
Let me explain. \ I'll explain that to you.
Do you know how?Could you tell me
I'll try and explain.
how/why?
10-Wishes
Regrets
I wish + + could/ would +
I am sorry that I am
I wish I had+ p.p My goal is to +
disappointed that . I regret + v

+ ing
11- Offer help
Reply to offer
1-That
is very kind of you.
1.
Can I help you?
2-Thanks very much.
2.
Would you like me to .?
3-No, thank you .I can manage.
3.
Shall I for you?
Dislikes
12- Likes
I am a big fan of I prefer/
love
I am fond of
13-Asking for reasons
1-Can you tell me why... 2 ?.. + -What
is the reason for.....? 3-What is the
cause of.....?
14-Give warning
1- Be careful or you will 2 - Don't
3- Watch out!
= Beware !

I am not keen on .. I don't enjoy

..
I can't stand ( )
Giving reasons
1-It is because.. 2- Firstly, because

3- Mainly because
Respond to Warning
1- It is OK .
2- Why not ?
3- Don't worry I will take care. Thank you.

15-Interview Questions
Do you have (a driving licence)?
What have you been doing since(you left
university)?
Could you tell me why you want to work for
us?
Why do you think you'd be good at the job?

Answers
Yes, I do.
I have been working as

As I have the right qualifications for this

job.
As I'll enjoy meeting and talking to
customers .
16-Persuasion
Talking about the future
1- Why don't you..? 2- I really think you 1 I think 2 I am sure.......3 I hope
should ..

17-Ability
can \cant \ am, is, are + (not) able to
Necessity
must = have (has)to = have got to
Unnecessity
don't (doesn't) have to / needn't
Warning \ Prohibition
mustnt = You are not allowed to

Probability
may \ might \ could
Advice
should = had better =If I were you.I..
should (ought to)have + P.P. shouldn't have +pp
Blaming
Permission
You can = You are allowed to

Situations With model Answers

1-Someone says that space exploration is too expensive. You agree.
I completely agree. We should use the money to feed people.
2-Someone says that computers are a bad thing. You do not have the same opinion.
I dont agree. Computers make our work faster and easier.
3-One of your friends says he thinks walking in space would be very frightening. You
think he's right.
I agree. If you made one small mistake you could be lost in space forever.
4-You hear someone say that all astronauts are very rich. You know this is not true.
Thats just not true. I researched astronaut salaries on the internet.
5-Your friend has joined a reading group. You want to know the number of people in the
group.
How many people are in your reading group?
6-Someone tells you that Anthony Hope wrote The Prisoner of Zenda in three months.
You are very surprised by this.
Really? I didnt know that.
7-You are told that Anthony Hope paid for the publication of his first novel himself.
Express how you feel about this.
Thats interesting.
8-Someone tells you that Anthony Hope wrote more than 37 works of fiction altogether.
You are interested but not surprised by this.
Is that right?
9-You are doing a survey about energy use in your town. You would like to ask someone
some questions. Explain the situation. Hello, Im doing a survey about energy
use in our town. Could I ask you some questions, please?
10-You want to know about a friend's energy-saving habits. What do you ask?
What do you do to save energy?
How do you save energy?
11-You hear someone use a word you do not understand. The word is hydroelectric.
What do you ask?
What does hydroelectric mean?
Could you tell me what
hydroelectric means?
12-Someone asks you how you usually travel to school every day. How do you reply?
I usually go / travel by bus.
I usually walk.
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13- A friend asks for your opinion about modern novels.

In my opinion, modern novels are not as good as the classics.
14- Someone asks you what you were doing at six o'clock yesterday evening.
At six oclock yesterday evening, I was finishing my homework.
15-Someone asks you what you think the best thing is about short stories. Give your
opinion.
I think the best thing about short stories is that things happen quickly.
16-A friend asks you what you used to read when you were five.
When I was five, I used to read a newspaper written especially for children.
17-A friend asks for your advice about keeping fit. Advise him.
If I were you, Id go swimming every day.
18-You want some advice from a friend about how you can eat more healthily. What do
you ask?
Id like to eat more healthily. What do you think I should do?
19-A friend wants to meet new people, but he / she is very shy. Make a
recommendation.
I think itd be a good idea to join a sports club.
20-Ask your teacher for advice about how to do well in the next English test.
Id like to do well in the next English test. What do you think I should do?
21-You want to make tea the English way. Ask your friend for advice.
Can you tell me how to make tea the English way?
22-You ask your mother for instructions to operate the vacuum cleaner.
Can you show me how to use this vacuum cleaner?
23-You are asked how to make tea. Give instructions.
First, boil some water. Then, pot some tea into the put. Finally, pour the
boiling water on the tea.
24-You are asked how to operate the coffee machine.
First switch it on, then press the red button.
25-A friend asks your opinion about the importance of the rainforests. Say what you
think.
In my opinion, the rainforests are very important for the future of the
earth.
26-A friend who has never visited your country asks for your advice about place to see
in Egypt.
If you ask me, I think you should visit the Pyramids and the Sphinx.
27-A friend from another country wants to phone someone from a public phone in
Egypt. He / she has never done this before. Tell him / her what to do first.
First of all, pick up the telephone, insert a coin, and wait until you hear a
high noise. Then dial the number.
28-Someone asks what you think about films which have been made from books.
I think films are usually more interesting than books.
29-Your brother asks you how they built the Great Wall of China.
Well, they might have used thousands of workers.
30-Someone asks you why the Pyramids were built.
I think they must have built them as tombs.
31-You suddenly find out that there is no money in your pocket. You make a deduction.
I think I must have forgotten my wallet at home.
32-Someone asks you Why do you think the Great Wall of China was built?
I think they must have built it to keep attackers out.
33-You ask a friend about how he thinks they built the Pyramids.
How do you think they built the Pyramids?
34-Someone asks you What problems and difficulties do you think there were in
building the Pyramids?
I'm sure it can't have been easy.
Surely, it must have cost a lot
of money.
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35-A friend asks you whether you would like to go somewhere together at the weekend.
What about going to the beach?
36-Your friend does not want to go to the beach, but suggests the swimming pool.
Lets go to the swimming pool.
37-A friend suggests that you join a book club together, but you would like to join a
sports club.
I would prefer to join a sports club.
38-A friend suggests going to the cinema in your town tomorrow. You are not sure.
Im not sure about that.
39-You ask a friend how floods occur so quickly.
How on earth do floods occur so quickly?
40-You ask friend why cities sometimes flood.
Can you explain why cities sometimes flood?
41-Someone says they think magazines are a waste of money. Disagree, giving a
reason.
I dont agree. Magazines are an excellent means of spreading news and
educating people.
42-A friend tells you he / she has won a prize in a writing competition. You are very
surprised.
Really? / Have you?
43-One of your friends watched a football match on TV and found it boring. You have
the same opinion.
I agree. / thats true. / Id go along with that.
44-You hear someone use a word you do not understand. The word is energy.
What does energy mean? / could you explain the word energy, please?
45-A foreign friend wants to know how to make tea the English way. Tell him / her what
to do first.
First of all, boil some water, then add it to some tea leaves in a mug.
46-Someone asks you what you were doing at eight oclock this morning.
I was having / eating my breakfast. / I was going to school.
47-Someone asks you what you think about TV news programme.
I think theyre too long / too short / too serious / very interesting.
48-A friend wants a job to help poor people. Advise him or her.
If I were you, Id train to be a volunteer in a charity.
49-You do not understand why it goes dark at night. Ask someone to explain it.
Can you explain why it goes dark at night?
50-A friend suggests that swimming is a good way to keep fit. You think the same.
I agree. / Id go along with that.
51-A friend suggests that you join a squash club together. Suggest something else.
Personally, Id prefer to join a tennis club.
How about joining a
tennis club.
52-Someone asks where your friend Ali is. You have not seen him for a long time. You are
almost certain he is on holiday.
Ali must be on holiday. I havent seen him for a long time.
53-A friend is looking worried. You want to know why. What do you ask?
Whats the matter?
54-Someone asks if you had a good holiday. You enjoyed your holiday, but the weather
was not very good. This was a disappointment.
I had a good time, but I wish the weather had been better.
55-A friend asks what subject you would like to be better at. You say history.
I wish I were better at history.
Id like to be better at
history.
56-Someone asks you about a school trip you went on. You learnt a lot, but you did not
take as many photos as you had planned to.
I learnt a lot but I wish I had taken more photos.
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57-An old man can't cross the road alone. You are willing to help her. What do you say?
Let me help you cross the road.
58-Your friend doesn't want to go to the club alone. You offer to go with him.
Would you like me to go to the club with you?
59-Your offer to phone your friends parents and tell them he is going to be late.
Would you like me to phone your parents and tell them you are going to be
late.
60-Your friend offers to phone your parents and tell them you are going to be late. You
appreciate that.
. I'd really appreciate that. Thanks.
61-You would like to find out what music your friend likes. What do you ask?
What kind of music do you like?
62-A friend asks you what sort of music you enjoy. Say your favourite music is folk
music.
Im a big fan of folk music.
63-You want to find out if your friend plays a musical instrument.
Do / Can you play a musical instrument?
64-A friend asks you whether there is any sort of music you don't like. You don't like
modern music.
I cant stand modern music.
/ I really dislike modern music.
65-A friend asks how you feel about an important English test you have next week.
I wish I knew more English words.
66-A friend asks you if you had a good weekend. You enjoyed the weekend, but you
think you wasted a lot of time.
I enjoyed the weekend but I wish I hadnt wasted so much time.
67-One of your friends is very busy. You would like to help him.
Is there anything I can do. / Would you like me to help?
68-A friend asks you what kind of books you enjoy reading. Your favourite books are
historical novels.
Im very keen on historical novels. / Im a nig fan of historical novels.
69-Your friend would like to know why you have decided to study engineering.
Because I enjoy engineering, and to be an engineer when I leave.
70-You want to ask your friend about the reason why he came to school late.
Can you tell me why you were late for school?
71-Your mother asks you why you didn't tidy up your room.
I was busy all day.
72-You ask your father the reason why he has decided to move house.
Can you tell me why you have decided to move house?
73-You are warning your friend who is going to cross a busy road. What do you say?
Be careful! This is a really busy road.
74-Your brother is using a ladder to get something from the top shelf. You warn him.
If you don't take care, you will fall off the ladder.
75-Your mother tells you to work a bit harder or you'll fail the test. What do you say to
assure her?
Dont worry. Ill do my best.
76-A friend asks you if you think people will read books in a hundred years time. You
think they will.
Yes, Im sure they will.
77-In a conversation, a friend uses the word gadgets. You do not understand the word.
What are gadgets?
78-A friend asks if you think people will have their own spaceships in 50 years. You
think not.
No, I dont think they will.
79-A friend uses the words travel and journey in the same sentence.
Whats the difference between travel and journey?
80-A friend asks you why you enjoy sport. Name two reasons.
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For two reasons. Firstly, it keeps me fit, and secondly I like being with my
friends.
81-Warn your friend who is about to cross the road, because there is a car coming very
fast.
Watch out! Theres a car coming.
82-Your brother is not working hard enough at school. You think he will get very low
marks. Warn him.
If you dont work harder, youll get low marks.
Unless you work harder,
youll get low marks.
83-A friend asks you whether you think people will continue to explore space in the
future.
Yes, Im sure theyll continue.
Yes, theyll definitely continue.
84-An interviewer asks if you would work some evenings during the week. You would be
happy to do this.
Yes, that would be no problem.
85-You want to be able to contact a person you have just met, but you do not have
their details.
Could you tell / give me your phone number and e-mail address, please?
86-Your friend is applying for a new job. This is a surprise and you ask him the reason.
Why are you applying for a new job?
87-You want to persuade your friend to read "The Grapes of Wrath" by Steinbeck.
Can't I persuade you to read The Grapes of Wrath" by Steinbeck?
88-An educational adviser asks you what skills you would like to improve. You have
never been very good at maths.
I need to improve my maths skills.
89-Someone has asked you for educational advice. Find out what qualifications this
person has.
What qualifications do you have already?
90-A friend wants to go back to education, but cannot leave home to go to university.
Suggest a distance learning course.
What about doing a distance learning course?
91-A friend suggests that you do an evening course to improve your English. Thank your
friend and say this is a good idea.
Thank you. Thats a good / great idea.
92-Your brother looks worried. You want to know whether he has a problem.
Whats the matter? / Is something wrong?
93-Your mother was very busy yesterday. You regret not helping her.
I wish I had helped my mother yesterday.
I regret not helping my
mother yesterday.
94-Someone offers to help you to organize a party. Accept this offer politely.
Thats very kind of you.
Id really appreciate that.
95-You forgot to thank a friend for a present he / she gave you. Tell someone you are
sorry for this.
Im very sorry I forgot to thank him / her for the present.
96-Your friend starts to cross a road when you see a car coming. Warn your friend.
Look out! Theres a car coming.
97-Someone asks if you think people will still have cars in 50 years.
Im sure they will.
98-You hear the word magnet on the radio. Ask a friend what it means.
What is the meaning of the word magnet?
99-A friend asks you why you have a mobile phone. You have two reasons.
Because I can keep it with me all the time and I can keep in touch with my
friends easily.
100-You are interviewing someone for a job. Find out about their qualifications and
experience.
7

What qualifications and experience do you have?

101-You want to persuade a friend not to work so hard because you think it is making
them ill.
How can I persuade you not to work so hard?
You really
shouldnt work so hard.
102-An interviewer has asked you why you have applied for a job in a particular
company. The main reason is that a friend has recommended the company to you.
. The main reason is that has recommended this company to me.
103-You do not understand what distance learning is. Ask a friend.
Can you explain what distance learning is?

2- A) Places and Speakers

Place

airline office
airport
bakery
bank
animal clinic
barbers
beach
circus
bookshop
bread kiosk
building site
bus
butchers
caf
carpentry
check in desk
chemist's
cinema
classroom
clinic
clothes shop
club
college
company
computer
centre
confectionery /
pastry
court
court
court
customs
dentist's
dressmaker's

Speaker A

clerk
passport
official
baker
bank clerk
animal
doctor
barber
tourist
spectator
salesman
seller
builder
conductor
butcher
waiter
carpenter
check-in
clerk
chemist
usher
student
patient
salesperson
coach
professor
manager
programme
r
confectione
r
murderer
criminal
witness
customs
official
dentist
dressmaker
8

Speaker B

traveller
traveller
customer
businessman
animal
owner
customer
rescuer
usher
customer
customer
engineer
passenger
customer
customer
house owner
passenger

customer
spectator
teacher
nurse
customer
trainee
student
candidate
customer

customer

lawyer
judge
judge
passenger

patient
customer

dry-cleaner's
electrician's
electronics'
embassy
exchange
office
factory
fire station
fish market
flat
flower shop
fossil
exhibition
fruitseller's
gallery
garage
greengrocers
grocer's
hairdressers
home
hospital
hotel
house
information
desk
jeweller's
kindergarten
kitchen
laboratory
lawyer's office
library
market
mechanic's
mosque
museum
net caf
newspaper
agent's
nursery
oculists
office
company
opticians
passport
control
passport
department
petrol station
photo shop
plane
playground
plumber's

dry-cleaner
electrician
technician
official
employee

engineer
fireman
trader
landlord
florist
keeper

fruitseller
artist
car owner
greengroce
r
grocer
hairdresser
husband
patient
receptionist
host
clerk
jeweller
child
mother
professor
lawyer
librarian
merchant
mechanic
sheikh
guide
assistant
newspaper
agent
baby sitter
oculist
secretary
interviewer
optician
security
officer
official

worker
photograph
er
air hostess
referee
plumber
9

customer
customer
customer
applicant
customer

worker
officer
customer
tenant
customer
visitor

customer
visitor
garage man
customer
buyer
customer
wife
visitor
resident
guest
traveller

customer
baby sitter
daughter
researcher
client
student
buyer
driver
prayer
tourist
client
customer

parents
patient
client
interviewee
patient
passenger

citizen
A car owner
customer
passenger
player
landlord

police station
post office
radio studio
railway station

railway station
restaurant
school

service center
shoe shop
shoemaker's
stationery
shop
taxi
street
supermarket
swimming
pool
tailors
telephone
office
TV studio
theatre
tourist site
toy shop
train
train station
travel agency

officer
post official
interviewer
booking
clerk
porter
waiter
headmaste
r
technician
seller
shoemaker
Sales
person
taxi driver
foreigner
assistant
trainer

tailor
operator
interviewer
usher
guide
salesperson
inspector
station master
travel
agent
watchmake
r
keeper

watchmaker's
zoo

reporter
citizen
scientist
passenger

traveller
customer
student

customer
customer
customer
customer

passenger
passer-by
customer
trainee

customer
client

interviewee
audience
tourist
customer
passenger
traveller
tourist

customer

visitor

B) Functions
Introducing people
Introducing oneself
Greetings
Seeing someone off
Making a request
Making an invitation
Making a suggestion
Warning
Offering help
Asking for opinion
Giving opinion
Agreeing with opinion
Expressing wishes
Congratulation
Giving advice
Accepting advice
Refusing advice
Blaming someone

Persuading
Expressing admiration
Expressing worry
Reminding
Stating possibility
Deducing
Predicting
Reassuring /
Confirmation
Forgiving
Well wishing
Showing no care
Ensuring
Giving direction
Giving a reason
Greeting warmly
Ask and answer
questions
10

Permission
Making an apology
Asking about the way
Expressing regret
Asking for instructions
Giving instructions
(Un)certainty
Making
recommendations
Asking for information
Thanking
Expressing gratitude
Inquiring
Expressing fear
Expressing surprise
Expressing hope
Expressing anger
Expressing pleasure
Expressing displeasure
Expressing satisfaction
Expressing sympathy
Suspecting / Expressing
doubt
Prediction
Encouragement
Expressing exclamation
Saying goodbye
Agreeing strongly
Disagreeing strongly
Disappointment

)(
/

Request / offer help

Giving instructions
Stating preference
Contrasting ideas
Demanding
explanations
Saying you don't know
Rejecting something
Justifying your opinion
Guessing
Asking for information
Making complaints
Approval
Late advise
Concession
Showing responsibility
Probability
Release from blame
Intention
Anxiety
Giving Orders
Liking & disliking
Presenting
Indifference
Meeting people after a
long time
Meeting people for the
first time
Declining
Advising
Showing liking
/disliking
Expressing
complement

&

Mention the place, the speakers and the language functions

WB Exercises
PT 1
1)
A: So, John, could you tell our listeners how you started?
B: Certainly. It was when I was seven. I won first prize in a poetry competition. When I was a
student, some of my stories were published in a university magazine
A: And now its your full time job?
B:
Thats right my second novel was published last year.
Place: radio station/studio
Speaker A: interviewer
Speaker B: writer
Function: ask and answer questions
2) A: Could you help me carry the shopping into the house, please, Aisha?
B: Ok, mum. Where shall I put it?
Just put the bags on the kitchen floor for the moment.

11

A:

Place: outside a family home

Speaker A: mother
Function : request and offer help

Speaker B: daughter

PT 2
1) A: At last we are here. What time does our flight leave, dad?
B: At midday. We have
still got lost of time.
A: Are you sure we have
everything we need?
B: Yes, I am sure .please stop worrying, Ali!
Place: airport
Speaker A : a son
answer questions make a request

Speaker B :father

Function :ask and

2) A: So, for your homework, I want you all to make a list of all the plants growing in your
neighbourdhood.
B: Shall we just write the names of the plants?
A: No, write the names and a short description.
B: When is the homework for?
A: Next Thursday, please.
Place: classroom
Speaker A : teacher
Speaker B :student
Function :give instruction
PT 3
.A: Excuse me Sir. The captain has asked everyone to return to their seats (1
?B: Does that mean we are going to land soon
A: Yes, in about fifteen minutes
Place: a plane
Speaker A: flight attendant
Speaker B: passenger
Function: make a request
?A: Have you seen Tarek (2
B: No, sir. He was at his desk on the phone a few minutes ago
?A: Is not he there now
.B: No, may be he is gone home already
.A: He can not have gone home. he is preparing a report for me
Place: an office
Speaker A: boss\manager
Speaker B:
Tarek's colleague\office worker
Function: ask for information guess and
deduce information
PT 4
?A: Is there anything I can do to help, miss Salma (1
?B: Could you give these books back to the class after break
?A: Yes, of course. Is that the homework we did last week
.B: Yes, that is right. your homework was very good
Place: classroom Speaker A student
Speaker B : teacher
offer help\ask and answer questions

Function :

.A: Excuse me. I need to find out about modern farming in Egypt for a university project (2
.B: All the information on agriculture is on the second floor
?A: Thank you. Can I take any of the books out
.B: Yes. Just bring them to the desk near the entrance
Place: library
Speaker A: university student
Speaker B: librarian\library worker
Function : ask for information\give instruction
PT 5

12

?A: Do you remember what happened (1

.B: No, I just remember waking up in the road
?A: How do you fell now
?B: Not too bad. Will I have to stay here tonight
.A: We are not sure yet. We will have to check you have no broken bones
Place: hospital
Speaker A: doctor\nurse
Speaker B : patient
Function : ask for and give
?A: Could you tell us why you would like to study here (2
.B: Your biology department has a very good reputation
?A: And if we accept you, what do you hope to do when you graduate
.A: Well, I would like to work for a food company
Place : university
Speaker A: interviewer
Speaker B : future student\ someone
applying to study at university
Function : ask and answer interview questions
PT 6
?A: are you in your first year (1
.B: yes, I am studying English, but it is not only my third week
?A: my parents would like me to apply here. Would you recommend it
.B: yes, definitely
Place: university or collage
Speaker A: future student
Speaker B : first year
student
Function : ask for and give advice
.A: well, your application has been successful (2
?B: that not great! When do I start
.A: at the beginning of next month. You will be working at our Cairo branch
.B: I am looking forward to starting
Place: company office
Speaker A: interviewer\boss
Speaker B: successful job
applicant
Function: express happiness

2- Mention the place, the speakers and the language function:

1. A: Good morning. Can I help you?
B: Yes, it's my father's birthday soon. I'd like to buy him a book about space travel.
A: These two are very popular. This one is ten pounds and this is five pounds.
B: Could I have the one that's five pounds, please?
P: SA: SB: F:
2. A: Can you turn the television on for me, please, Ali?
B: OK, Mum. What's on?
A: The Olympic Games. It's gymnastics this afternoon.
B: Really? I'd like to watch that, too.
P: SA: SB: F:
3. A: Excuse me. Do you speak English?
B: Yes, I do. How can I help you?
A: Could you tell me the way to the Cairo Tower, please?
B: Yes. Cross the road here, take the first road on the right, and the tower is at the
end of that road.
P: SA: SB: F:
4. A: We have to give our English homework in today.
B: I know, but I dont know where my book is.
A: Isnt it in your school bag?
B: No, I think I must have left it at home.
P: SA: SB: F:1.
5. A: Good morning. Please sit down. Thank you for your application and CV. Could you
tell me a little more about the
work you are doing at the moment?
13

B: Yes, I work full-time as a sales assistant at a supermarket in town, but Im also

training to be an accountant.
P: SA: SB: F:
6. A: Hello and welcome to the History Department. My names Hilary Benson. Before
we start the BA course, are there
any questions?
B: Yes. Id like to know whether theres a list of books for this course.
A: Yes, there is. Ill give you all one at the end of todays session.
B: Thank you very much.
P: SA: SB: F:
7. A- The teachers are doing their best and need a salary increase .
B- The budget is limited .
P: SA: SB: F:
8. A- What`s the matter with you ?
B- I have a very bad cold and I can`t sleep .
P: SA: SB: F:
9. A: So how do you see the protestors at Al- Tahrir Square now?
B: The situation here is dramatic. There are People charged into the square on horses
and camels.
P: SA: SB: F:
10. A-May I see your ticket, please?
B- Here you are.
A-Seat 20A. The first row.
B- Thank you.. What time does the film start?
A: At 6.30
P: SA: SB: F:
11. A- I'd like to deposit 20,000 pounds into my account, please.
B-Ok. First fill in this form.
P: SA: SB: F:
12. A- Excuse me. W hat are you doing here?
B- I came to this square to demonstrate.
A- For What?
B- For more freedom.
P: SA: SB: F:
13. A: What do you think of this statue?
B: Really. great.
A: This is why we should protect our heritage
B: Thats right.
P: SA: SB: F:
14. A: And how did you feel when you were awarded the Nobel prize?
B: I was proud of myself and my country.
A: Thats all we have time for. Thanks a lot.
P: SA: SB: F:
15. A: Good morning, Mr Mohamed. Please sit down. First of all, could you tell me why you
are interested in working for us?
B: Well, Ive done this kind of work before and I have always enjoyed working with
people.
P: SA: SB: F:
16. A: That shirt is 50 pounds, sir.
B: Can I pay by credit card?
A: Yes, certainly.
P: SA: SB: F:
17. A: Hello. Id like to join, please. Im particularly interested in basketball and football.
B: Do you have any friends who already belong here?
A: Yes, three or four of my school friends are members.
B: OK. Could you tell me your name and age, please?
14

P: SA: SB: F:
18. A: Good afternoon. Welcome to Radio 9 and todays World of Science.
B: Thanks. Its good to be here.
A: I wonder if you could introduce todays subject to our listeners?
B: Well, Im going to talk about the research Ive been doing recently.
P: SA: SB: F:
19. A: For homework, please do Exercises A and B on page 20.
B: Could you repeat that, please?
A: Certainly. Do exercises A and B on page 20.
P: SA: SB: F:
20. A: How would you like to pay for it, sir?
B: By credit card, please.
A: Thats fine, sir. Shall I put it in a bag for you?
B: No, thank you. Its starting to rain, so I think Ill wear it now.
P: SA: SB: F:
21. A: Im sure our listeners would like to hear how you first became interested in heart
surgery.
B: Well, my father was a surgeon so I grew up watching him save peoples lives. But
I really became interested in heart surgery when my aunt died of a heart problem.
A: And why do you continue to work today, even though you can take lots of time
off?
B: Well, I believe that I can really make a difference in peoples lives.
A: Well, thats all we have time for. Thank you very much, Professor.
P: SA: SB: F:
22. A: How long have you been feeling unwell?
B: Since Thursday.
A: I see. Well, you need to go to bed, keep warm and rest for a few days. Take one of
these tablets three times a day.
B: Thank you.
P: SA: SB: F:
23. A: Helwan, please.
B: Certainly, sir. But it will take a long time.
A: Yes, I understand.
B: (after an hour) Here we are, sir. That will be twenty pounds.
A: Thank you. Here you are.
P: SA: SB: F:
24. A: Welcome to this famous Egyptian site. It was built by Salah El Din Al Ayyoubi.
B: When was it built?
A: It was built in 1176. It was built to protect Cairo from enemies.
B: Its amazing!
P: SA: SB: F:
25. A: Could you tell me what our homework is, please?
B: You have to finish the exercise we started in class today.
A: Thank you. When do you want to see it?
B: I need it on Thursday, please.
P: SA: SB: F:
26. A: When exactly do you want to travel?
B: I have to leave on June 17. Id like two tickets, please.
A: OK, theres a flight at 14.55 on the seventeenth.
P: SA: SB: F:
27. A: Youre working very hard this evening, Ali.
B: Yes, Ive got an important test tomorrow.
A: Well, dont go to bed too late. You dont want to be tired for your test.
P: SA: SB: F:
28. A: We learned about giant pandas at school last year; do you remember?
15

B: Yes, but I dont really like seeing them in cages like this. Its not easy to see them
in China though, is it?
P: SA: SB: F:
29. A: Passport and tickets, please.
B: Here you are.
A: Window or aisle seat?
B: Window seat, please.
A: Thank you. Ive given you a window seat, 24A. Heres your boarding card. Boarding
will be at 10 oclock from Gate 17.
P: SA: SB: F:
30. A: Which tooth seems to have a problem?
B: The one at the front left. It always hurts when I chew on it.
A: Right. Would you open your mouth, please. Yes, it seems you have a slight
problem, but I can fix it right away.
P: SA: SB: F:
31. A: May I take your order, sir?
B: Yes, Ill have fish, please.
A: How would you like it, sir?
B: Fried, please.
A: Certainly, sir. Any vegetables?
P: SA: SB: F:
32. A: May I have your attention, please? I hope you are enjoying the beautiful view of
the Sinai desert. We will soon be
arriving at the monastery of St. Catherine.
B: When was the monastery built?
A: It was built in the sixth century by the Roman Emperor Justinian.
B: Thank you.
P: SA: SB: F:
33. A: Your tickets, please, sir.
B: Here you are. What time do we arrive at Banha?
A: In half an hour or so.
B: Will we stop at Tanta ?
A: No. We are going straight to Alexandria after that.
P: SA: SB: F:
34. A: Thank you for rescuing me. I could have died.
B: Youre going to be OK. This oxygen mask will help you breathe.
A: Where are we going?
B: Were on our way to Kasr Al Aini Hospital. The doctors will take care of you there.
P: SA: SB: F:

3-Units of Hello 8 Vocabulary and Grammar for the choice and for
the correction
1-The Vocabulary of Unit ( 1
examine (a patient,damage, picture)
launch (a rocket , a new ship ,a /
sat)
leak (tap , gas tube, cup,tank
/
,pipe)
mission = task
/ /
secret (password)
/
system ( sat-nav \ control

Currently
/
Location

16

) : Reach for stars

gravity (falling on the ground)
gymnastics (do)
side effects

spin (v)
( )
spoke (wheel bike bicycle )

distance (from..to\between)
/
weightless (difficult to stand still)
weightlessness / (do)space walk

space shuttle (launch)

magical feeling

Orbit
the anniversary of

( )

Unit ( 2) The prisoner of Zenda

Classics

couple ( people \married\ minutes\
days)
debate
(organized
/ /
discussion)
Escapism

coronation ( the king ,queen)

alike
attend (school - coronation)

castle ( protect from

attack )
the right to ( v to have)
/ Occasion
Wealthy

any

fictional story

publication (novel,book)

well-educated ( v to
/
be)
make regular visits to
No, not in the least

do (something) as planned argument ( have)

2-Some important sentences

Unit (1)
Unit (2)
1.The car stopped because there was a
1.
We're having a debate at school
leak in the petrol tank.
next week about ways of reducing
global warming.
2.Our air-conditioning has broken down,
but someone is coming to repair it
2.
For some people, reading and
tomorrow.
watching films are forms of escapism.
3.The doctor examined me carefully
3.
In the past, many English children
before he gave me the medicine.
studied classics at school. Now most
schools teach modern languages.
4. Computer passwords should always
be secret You should never tell
4.
Oliver Twist is the fictional hero of
anyone.
one of Charles Dickens' most famous
5.The astronauts went on a two-hour
novels.
spacewalk to replace a broken fuel
5.
The Prisoner of Zenda was ready for
pump.
publication a few months after
Anthony Hope thought of the idea.
6.Some drivers have a sat-nav system
in their car to help them find the best
6.
Although everyone in my family
route.
works very hard ,we are not a wealthy
7.The rocket is going to reach the Moon.
family.
Everyone watched the launch on TV.
7.
In Britain children attend primary
school between the ages of 5 and 11 .
8.Space missions can take several
years.
8.
The coronation of Queen Elizabeth
9. The Moon has less gravity than the
II took place in 1952. It was a
Earth, so you could jump much higher
fantastic occasion.
there.
9.
Millions of people went to London to
watch the coronation.
10. Doing gymnastics is a very good way of
keeping fit.
10.
Nobody has the right to steal
11. July 2009 was the 40th anniversary
things from other people
of man first walking on the Moon
11.
Some twins are more alike
12. Two of the spokes on the front
than others.
wheel of my bike were broken in the
12.
Castles were usually made
accident.
from stone to stop attackers from
13. The distance between Cairo and
breaking in.
london is 3,500 kilometres.
13.
He doesn't have the right to
14.When you are weightless in space, it
be the next king
must be very difficult to stand still.
14.
My brother is very well15. Currently I'm working for important
educated,He went to Cairo University
17

exams.

reform - -) )
repair =mend=fix
correct

astronaut
astrologer
astronomer
3- queue -
ro row
))
destination
\

location) )
position

and then Oxford.

3- Language Notes:
get to

arrive (in at (

reach )

take place in
take place
take the place of
- look like

look alike
investigate

examine )

)\
observe
-

classics
classical (music,architecture)
\ classic

like
unlike

alike -

hear of /about

hear from (
)
fiction

science fiction
fictional ( hero) ( country)

spin
compare to
make )( +

compare with
+ v to be + made to
orbit
compare to

cause + to
explore ( space forests )
kidnap
wonder

hijack
- )wander
discover (diseases)
)

v to be + well + educated
( + ) :

year
:
v to have + good + education

Ex He is well educated = He has good

He was a nine-year-old boy \ He was nine
education .
years old
a couple of (days-married)
cause of \ reason for ( / v+ing )
-))
reason why + ( ( \ +reason with
a pair of(shoes-trousers glasses -jeans)


4- Prepositions
take off
( ) -( ) walk on = do walks on = take

steps
a problem with /the problem of
a representative for

attach to
well trained to / for

fall to the ground

think
-
about
look down on
- think of
- -
interested in
suffer in space

worry about
suffer from side

effects
18

refer to / depend on
benefit from
get a leak in
have been to
have been in

go on a mission
\
spend money on

go along with

the distance from .. to
..
on holiday = in a

holiday
plan for / land on
\ \
out of reach

harmful to

ready for / to
-
protect from

know for sure

make sure

kind of = sort of= type of

express opinion on/about

v to be+

interested in
popular with
intend to

put down ( can't )
- surprise to

on the night of
say good bye to = see off

belong to
fall(fell-fallen) off
( )
(horse)
a good speaker in
well-known for
)(
write for
/ ) ) special about

allow to / let
break in ( ) break into /

based on
/ escape from

based in
) ) It is easy to

find a ( treatment)cure for

at
a height of


works of
) ) a replacement for

((Dickens,engineerings
5- Some verbs can go with some nouns
for a holiday ,on holiday, shopping
laun a rocket ,a new ship ,a
g
sat
ch
o
a
repairs ,walks, weightless,
exa
d
patient,damage,picture
gymnastics,sport
mine
o
tap , gas tube, cup,
a
m a promise, us happier, prediction
tank
arrangements , for sure, appointment
leak in
ake
pipe,tyre, wheel , hose

the right to
v to
m visits , riends, a plan , money
have
ake
good bye to
say
gi a talk to ,advice to
ve
6- Grammar units (1-2)
1 -Will ('ll ) +
a\an -1 :
I will be 50 years next year.1-
:
(How)
many
=
several
=a
lot
of
=lots
of

2- . =plenty of
(a) few\Some( \( any(
{ I think ,hope, expect ,sure} Ex I expect
)
that he will win.
2- ) ( :
3- .
(How) much = a lot of #(a) little \ some \
Ex-A) I am thirsty. B) I will get you a drink.
. promise ) or\otherwise) threat4- any
( is , was , has , does , s likes) 3
Ex I will punish you if you do this again.
(As soon as-after-till- if when )
5- ( are, were,have ,do , s like)

19

( time,paper,iron,hair) 4-

5-

(team,group ,crew,army,
couple,family,staff,class)
- The Egyptian team is going to play the
match.) )
- All the team are going to play except Ali.
)
)
6-

Ten million pounds

is
Fifty litres of petrol
....
is
Five kilometers is

Forty minutes is

Three plus seven

is
Classics-politics
maths is
Athletics

gymnastics is
The news is \
\
measles is
) s)7-
(Police , public , people , men ,women ,
phenomena)
shoes,trousers, gloves 8-
( he,she ,it +s) ()
9- ) (
(sheep deer fish salmon - aircraft
6
1- - - )
-space craft)
s 10)

-The train leaves at 7:30 am tomorrow.
(crossroads means - series - speciesAfter he finishes , he will leave.
2- works)
( a slice of meat,a lump of sugar,a sheet of

..... will \ After I finish ,
I will leave
2- am, is, are + going to +
v to be + -intend 2 -1
going to
-3

I think ).( I have decided

*( ( ..that
Ex There is a dark cloud .I think it is going
.to rain
3 ( am, is are + V +ing )
( arrange)
He is visiting his uncle = He has arranged to
visit him.
4 ( will be + v + ing)
+ / in/ from ..to /all / for/ at ))
In 20 years ,people will be queuing to book a
space trip
5 will have + pp /will have
been +pp
( By ,in a ' s time, this time+(

By 2016, I will have finished my studies.

liquid ( water)

1-The Vocabulary of

molten (rock, metal)

Pipe
power station

Pressure

geothermal (heat in the

earth )
Renewable (air ,water,wind)
non-renewable (oil,coal,gas)
to be +captured

paper)
Unit ( 3) :Energy
coal ( black) /split ( \ )
( atomic )
atom/atomic
\ \
/nuclear
fossil fuels(oil,coal,gas)

generate

(electricity)
generation/
\ -
blades
hydroelectric power ( water)

waste ( bury )
wind
turbines
( tower)
- - rather than / other
20

/

\

(energy)

than
Review A
a device
It doesn't matter
\ sat-nav system

a smart car ( with the internet)

the motorway
go wrong\ put right=do
repairs
get to a destination
the main purpose of
wave farm
( ) a traffic survey (do)
the slower...,the fewer.
......... sugar cane
hardly any
the sea bed
spare parts
( )dashboard
2-Some important sentences
Unit (3)
1. Water is the liquid form of ice.
2. You send a liquid or gas through a
pipe to. move it to another place.
3. pressure is the force produced when
two things push against each other.
4. Coal is a blackfossil fuel from
underground.
5. When atoms are split, nuclear energy
is produced.
6. If you make rock or metal very hot, it

Review (A)
1. Most people watched the rocket launch
on TV.
2. The medicine has no side effects
3. My brother and I are not twins , but we
are very alike
4. Coal and oil are two kinds of fossil fuel
5. Electricity is produced in a power
station
6. I expect I will see you at the weekend.
7. The film starts at 7:30 at the weekend.
becomes molten.
8. How many times have you seen that
7. Water passing through a dam
film?
produces hydroelectric power.
9. How much time did you spend there?
8. Burying waste in the ground can
10. The distance from here to Cairo is
damage the environment
two kilometers.
9. Modern wind turbines are tall
11. I have decided that I am going to do
towers which are built where there is a
more exercise.
lot of wind.
12. It is really good film , I am sure you
10. Many countries are now using more
will enjoy it
renewable forms of energy from the
13. Thirty kilometers is a long way to walk
Sun and wind.
in hot weather.
11. In some places, wood is burnt to heat
14. In many countries, children have the
people's homes.
right to go to school until the age of
12. Fossil fuels like oil and gas are
16.
found under the ground.
15. Power stations generate electricity.
3 - Language Notes:
energy
molten(metal\rocks) + -last+ for

)
melt(ice-chocolate)

-It takes+ + to
energetic( v to be)-

dissolve (sugar-salt)in water

spend + +v+ing

Power (station)-

split
geothermal(the earth
most (of)+ ( = )nearly all
spell/spelt
(
the most+ (

hydroelectric power(water) * mostly

spill\spilt slip

almost=roughly
spoil/spoilt
Solar power
(the sun)
# exactly

nuclear(atomic) power
(atoms)
21

steal( )
rob ( )
drill deep / affected
deeply

have plenty of free time

=have a lot of free time
= have much free time

lie / lied / lied

lie / lay /lain ) / /
lay / laid / laid

4- Prepositions
connected to
( ) run out (of )
-
v to be +Piped to ( v)
pump water(into = to)
( )( )
(up)
go wrong with
put straight into

type of = kind of = sort of
increase by + ( %)
( )
depend on=rely on=count on
come up through a hole
( )-
instead of
use for + v + ing \ use to

can't live (do)

do survey into
)(
without
use up = consume
dangerous to

supply with
- last for ( )
-
a supply of
- forms of (energy)
( )..
blow up =explode
good / better for

turn off = switch off
radiate to (the earth)

convert = turn = change
according to

(into)
deal with
split into = divide into
\
a replacement
inexpensive in price =

for
cheap
5- Some verbs can go with some nouns
mak steam
reduce non-renewable energy , oil
,oil,electricity,fuel,use of
e
Electricity
survey into , questionnaire
pro
do
duce
Fossils , oil
energy , money
for
save
m
6- Grammar unit (3)
ies , es ,s + *
*
he, she, it
-I go to school every day.

s - .I usually visit my grandfather on Fridays
( o, ch, sh, ss, x ) - es - The Earth goes round itself .
y - ies
- )
)*
I,we,they,you *
-The train leaves at 7:30 am tomorrow.
Its words Notes

A)
*
1-
{ As soon as- after- when- till- until-before}
{ every, at night, in the morning once a ( ..., \ \
week - on Sundays - on + - from
)*
time to time=now and again-as usual
) (* ......,........ :
permanently}
Ex After he comes, I will meet him.
B) { sometimes - often = frequently
After he had come, I met him.

usuallyoccasionally always
) + am , is ,are + PP + by +
=ever- still no longer never(
rarely = scarcely = seldom {
The wind is used to generate electricity.

*
22

Ex He always comes late.

Energy used at home comes from the oil .

He is always late v to be
( + v to be + pp) =( pp)

1-The Vocabulary of Unit ( 4) :Writers and Stories
competition (writing- reading
/
-trade)
old-fashioned
(clothes,

typewriter)
routine (daily , fixed )

attachments ( e -mails)
( )
publisher / custom
( \ )

develop / style (easy)

\ -

district (in .. / of )
establish ( him)
law / prize / at midday
pioneer ( one of the )

- - -
\ \

daily , weekly
/
- average of
\
routine
diplomat
v to be + made into a film
literature ( English Arabic )

confused \confusing
\ career (long)

Unit ( 5) : Agatha Christie
amnesia
(
not

remembering)
excavate
\
\ -
excavation
mousetrap
(catch
a

mouse )
crime
( )

identity / identify /
\ \
develop
innocent # guilty / set
\ #
free
invade / invasion / secret
\ \
agent
spy / spy on / betray
\ \
home
\ suspect (main )
/

shy (about) (shyness ) /

leader
headquarters
/ transmitter / transmit

commit/do + (a crime of

murder )
instead of ( instead( +
( )

perform
- -( )

- \
\

running play/without
break
poison (kill)/poisonous /at the
\ \
age of
crime fiction /invent
\
(style)
2- Some important sentences

Unit (4)
1.Early black and white pnotos show
people in old-fashioned clothes.
2.The Sun is at its strongest at
midday.
3.I don't really have a routine
during the holidays.
4.My friendd and I are going to
enter an athletics competition. We
all hope to win something.
5.I sent e-mail with two
attachments.They were photos of
my friends.
6.I really enjoyed this book. It is
written in a very simple style.
7.Yehia Haqqi came from a poor
district of Cairo.
8.My brother wants to be a lawyer
when he graduates, so he's studying
23

Unit (5)
16.
Many children are shy about
talking to their teacher when they first
go to school.
17.
All the fish in the river have
died. Someone must have put poison in
the water.
18.
A man has been found dead in
the road. The police think it was an
accident, not a murder.
19.
He banged his head and is now
suffering from amnesia.
20.
After they saw the mouse, they
decided to put a mousetrap in the
kitchen.
21.
Archaeologists are planning a
new excavation in the south of the
country.
22.
Police are looking for someone

law at university.
9.Magdi Yacoub was one of the first
heart transplant pioneers.
10.
Scientists are paid to
develop new medicines every year
to help people.
11.
fIn my grandfather's village,
they still follow the same traditional
customs that he used to follow
when he was a boy.

who stole a car yesterday. The main

suspect is a man un his forties.
23.
They are using a very powerful
transmitter to send signals to the
astronauts.
24.
Working as a secret agent in a
foreign country can be a very dangerous
job.
25.
In many countries, people have
to carry an identity card to prove who
they are.
26.
In Britain in the 1940s, people
were afraid of an invasion by the enemy
3- Language Notes:
graduate from
include )
habit(s)
)

))
)
)
graduate in (law) contain ) )
customs )

enclose ( )
)
a graduate of )
traditions ) )
)
abroad
shy (about)
routine ) (

ashamed ( of)
red tape
aboard / /

competition )
based on
suspect / the suspect
)

susptious / suspetion
race ) based in

)
insist on = persist in + v+ ing
by + ( car, bus, train ,taxi( (
decided to \that +

on + (foot -a/the

bus,train, ship,horse) in + (a\the taxi,

v be+determined to
\
car)

4- Prepositions
the pioneer of .. ( the father
\ a strong believer in

of.. )
expert on (in)
graduated in
( )
law
make into a film
at midday

a district of +
come out = publish

a collection of
think of ...as

cut down ( trees)
full of / give in
\
refer to \ go out
\ happy with / type onto (on)
\
spy on
on the way back to

shy about
without the help of

embarrassed \ shy
\ on the coast of / at the age
\
bout
of
ashamed of
( ) compare .with /
\
compare ..to
hidden in
on her second trip

lock in
.... \ plan for \ talk to
\
transmit a message to
\ save from

pass on information
bring about
/
catch (keep) up with
- make changes to

24

get on # get off

without a break
give

do
as
tran
smit

# look right for the part

work on excavation

5- Some verbs can go with some nouns
experiences,position, give
Devel a new style
me a headache
a prize for * take : control of
op
,advice to
Won
a crime,a project on
make a new product available
work, began, established
establ him , a project
ish
Messages,waves
a crime, a problem
solve
6- Grammmar unit (4-5)

( had + pp )
( have/ has + pp ) :

*After/as soon as\when ,

( v have+pp ( ) already,
=Having+pp
just , ever,never) ( since,for ,so
* ( didn't( till \until

far,yet,lately, recently,up till now)
* It wasn't until that
*Yet( \) lately )) recently
* It was only when that

* ) ) because \as ) )
.
*Before \ by the time\ when .,
*Since(2005,May,Friday,oclock,last,yesterd
*After \ immediately after \before + v+ ing (
ay, age)
),...
* For ( year,month,day,week,the
*No sooner + had + + ppthan
last,hour,ages,long)

*Since ( ..... ) / (
Scarcely + had + + pp ..when ..
since..)

* Its since +
Hardly + had + + pp..when ..
* +last + in \when \ +

ago
* had no sooner + pp than
+havent\ has+ p.p since + \
* When ..(1) , (2)
/for

( realized \ told \ didn't see \found \missed *

Ex.
I last visited Luxor when I was on

holiday.
) by + \ in+ \ since
- I have not visited Luxor since I was on
+)
holiday.
( had been + v + ing )

* (before never )

( ever)
( Before \ when \ because +all\ for \ since * Have gone to * Have been to
(
(How long when \ before
have/has+been+ v+ing

) ?
( since/ for + still - not - now-all ) ( How
Ex.Before I arrived, he had been playing for 2
long ):
hours.


:
( was / were + v + ing)
) + d/ed/ ied)

eat-ate/sleep-slept\cut-cut\ put-put/read
) all , at ,betweenand + yesterday/ last)
read/set

: ( didn't + * )
1-As\while\just as / .....,
{Yesterday, last, past, ago, in , just now,

previous, earlier, once, from..to...}

: . *

*When , = at +
{ When .. ,
-2 couldn't\didn't...because*
}
While+V+ing
*used to /didn't use to /did use to
*During+ , = While +
?

v to be+used to+ v+ing

*When + = On + v+ing ..,

Ex On seeing him ,I remembered that we had

How long ago did? = When

25

met before

did?

" When "

1. When \ \ ,
2. When ..,
3. When ......... , .....
() ( )
4. When = after .., ..
5. It was only when that
= It wasn't until that
6. When ,
) found\realized\didn't hear\
didn't see\missed)
7. when+(for\since\suddenly)

Passive
) + v to be + pp + by +
)
V to be { am-is are \ waswere \ v to be + being \ to
have + been \ + be \
+have + been )
a) It
+ v to be + p + that * +

b) + v to be+p p + to ) \ (
+ v to be+p p + to have + pp ) \
)
*(reportedbelieved-alleged-said-thoughtexpected)
.Ex It is expected that he will win
.He is expected to win
.He was thought to have won

1-The Vocabulary of Unit (6) :The importance of trees

bark ( outer cover of the
tree)
ring
(annual)
(wider
( narrower,dry)
Extract

cardboard
(box)(stiff
paper)
instrument (musical)
leaf / leaves
a set of instructions
breathe / breath
harden / in this
way
fall over in the
wind

- products / width
,flood)

thick

- \

sap ( liquid)

- Toothpaste
/ turpentine
paint)

(remove

calculate ( the age of )

Branch

Rubber

keep away

from
\ - roots (under ground -find

water)
Tubes
( )
\

( )
\

\

Review B
evergreen trees

deciduous trees

have a good reason to

put down roots = live for a long time

found the story confusing

do a survey
like best
look right(for that part )

2- Some important sentences

Unit (6)
1. The roots are the parts of trees that
grow under the ground and find water.
2. The hard outside part of a tree is
called the bark.
3. leaves are the flat green parts at the
ends of the branches of a tree.
4. A fruit grows on a plant or tree and has
seeds inside.

5. Every year, trees grow extra rings of

new wood.
6. My father studied engineering at
university and has designed many
important bridges.
26

Review (B)
1. When I was at school ,I won poetry
writing
competition.
2. She sent me the report as an e mail
attachment .
3. The little girl doesn't want to sing
because she is shy.

4. My favourite musical istrument

is the piano.
5. We arrived half an hour late. The
film had begun half an hour earlier.
6. Agatha Christie's books have been
translated into more than 40

languages.
7. The Romans captured Petra nearly
two thousand years ago.
8. A detective solves crimes.
9. The police are working on two
crimes.
10. The passengers had all taken part in

7. Education is an investment in the

future of a country and its young people.
8. If you hurry , you will catch the train
.
9. If I am thirsty, I drink water.
10. I collect postcards which I keep in a
cardboard box.

the murder.

3- Language Notes:
can/could = v to able to+
v to be + capable of + v + ing
enable to
manage to =succeed in
+v+ing

another+ (- 3 days (

the other ((

other (+ \ ) others +
each other\one another

make / made out of (from)

made of ( (
made from

is\ are + used to + / for + v +

ing
is \ are + used as for

Wide
width
widen
high \tall \

Hard
Sharp

height
hardnes
s
sharpne
ss

make out of(from)

keep away from
turn into /busy with
take in(light-co2)# give out
drill into (wood - tree)
cut down
tie the tree to
calculate by counting
press down
breathe in # out
carry out (instructions)
carryfromto
go on / put into
get better at
take turns to
connected to

quiet

quite + /
rather

quit (v)
/

5 inches long / 5 metres high

(in) -
5 inches in length / 3 metres in height
* The same = as as

long

heighten
deep

harden short

depth

lengthen

deepen

shortness

shorten

sharpen

age

date back

old

length

4- Prepositions
... count up / in this way
\
... add...to / wait for
\ ..
\ protectfrom /
... \
pour..on
# made from
( )
(sap)
surprise to

( )types of = kinds of = sorts

of
ice cream is made with

refer to\ enough for to
\

succeed in + v + ing

( )#( )count on = depend on = rely on

( ) a set of
( )
(instructions)
loaded up with

\ do damage to/ move on
\
make a list of

along the side of

read out / instead
\
of

27

connected with
worth for # better for

work on a crime
get on the train
get on with
point down
fall off (snow)
come off (leaves)
,(and)afterwards
refuse to
purpose of
v to be + about to

On September 4th
Orient
play
mak
e
prod
uce

- find a solution to
# .at the end of \ In the end +

-
( )
( )

( 4 )

one by one

take part in the murder

a good reason to hate

full on that journey

in danger

How big (the forest)? -
2
km 2
take in = absorb = soak up

give out = produce

covered by the forest

connected with
( \ )
(trees)
connected to ( )

pick up = select
=

5) Some verbs can go with some nouns

instrument , the piano
gi instructions for , advice
ve
rubber, a hole, sure, a list
do damage to , favour
Chemicals

ha this list * Set : rules

ve
6- Grammar unit ( 6 )
If
Unless = if not = except if
If = when = as long as = providing =
0) If /when + ..
( )
provided (that) = in case (

1) If + , will, can,may, need to
+ (
Unless + = with out \But for+
If + ) , ) /don't
v+ing\

If + , would you mind \could you

If + = Should 1
please?
2))
\ If + = in case of \ by \with +
v+ing\
\Unless = with out \ But for + v + ing

0- If ) ( ) .. )
Ex If we heat ice, it melts. = If ice is heated, it melts = When you heat ice, it melts.
If you don't water plants, they fade. = When you don't water plants, they fade.
If the bark is badly damaged, the tree dies.
( If = When)
:
1- If ... ,will \ may,can\ will be able to\ need to + ((

Ex If they arrive early, they will catch the metro.

( )
If he plays well, he may win.\ ( ) If you finish early ,don't leave. ) )If you see
him,tell him
If you study hard, I will buy you a present( ) .Would you mind if I use your pen?
) )
1-The Vocabulary of Unit ( 7 ) : Engineering
commuter
carve ( sculpture ) /
\
rays
diameter ( of the
cliff / base ( concret)
\
tunnel )
Engineering
illuminate
(
the
/
statues)
28

investment
(education)
invest / investor
massive ( piece ) /
raise
reach a length of

monument / cut into

\ v to be+
(sphinx)
- \ unthinkable

positioned

keep ..out = prevent from

Unit ( 8) : Dr Jekyll and Dr Hyde
admit \ admition
/
\ - blackmail
\ -
colleague
biography
human nature

knock on ( the door)
/ commit / a crime
\
permanently/profession(teac
\respectable / personality
\
hing)
Recuperate
/ in conflict / appearance
\
will ( legal document)
result
of
the
the

experiment
2- Some important sentences
Unit (7)
Unit (8)
1. My father studied engineering at
1. My brother went on holiday to Aswan.
university and has designed many
Now he's decided to live there
important bridges.
permanently
2. Education is an investment in the
2. I thought the test would be easy, but I
future of a country and its young people.
must admit I'm finding it quite difficult.
3. Nearly four million commuters
3. Someone knocked on our door late
travel to and from London every day.
last night, but I didn't open it.
4. The Great Wall of China was an a
4. Doctors and nurses belong to the medical
profession.
massive project taking hundreds of
5. All my friends come from very respectable
years to complete.
families.
5. That tunnel has diameter of 7.6
6. My grandfather is recuperating at
metres.
the moment after a long illness.
6. The height of the cliff is 25 metres.
7. The artist carved the sculpture from 7. I'm reading a new biography of
William Shakespeare. He had a very
a massive piece of stone.
interesting life.
8. At night, bright lights always
8.
She has a very nice personality She is
illuminate the front of the palace.
kind to everyone she meets.
9. If you want to ask the teacher a
9.
People who commit serious crimes
question, you should raise your hand.
should be sent to prison.
10. The Sphinx is positioned near the
10. He left everything to his son in his
Pyramids of Giza.
will.
11. The statue of the pharaoh is a
11. All his colleagues were friendly and
famous ancient monument.
helpful.
12. The statue is built on a hard base made
12. If you are going for a job interview,
of concrete.
your appearance is important.
3- Language Notes:
lose (get los ( -agree to +
rise /rose / )

loss
/ \agree with + his
risen
raise/ed /ed( ) -
loose

agree on +
miss -
arise - * arouse

respected

profession

prefer / v+ing .to

/ v+ ing
()
work:

)
like+ v + ing
29

respectable -
-))
-))
respectful

) )
sink = submerge
drown /ed/ed (
)
-work ) )
works )( \\

more/better than + v
+ ing
'd rather .than

work

.
job:
( )

career: /
temporary

ermanent

biography
site
autobiography
location

historical

historic

( event/war/meeting
( monuments/ places/ sites/films/ plays /
/moment/building /
novel / customs / weapons / character/
occasion/decision/day/visit/ treaty
research / document / book / background
/victory / interest/ times/ battle
/figure/ discovery/ adventure/ society
)
/records importance/sights)
BCE (Before Christ Era )
finally )

eventually )

ADE (Anno Domini Era )
(
the north
the west the east the south
at
at the end of
in the end

of

+ northern western eastern southern

4- Prepositions
travel on the underground
on horses / on
\
camels
cut into (pieces shapes )
work on the Great Wall

of
carve into (a cliff)
in the north of = northern

keep out = prevent from

reach a length of

attach to = fix to
- attractive to

provide (water) for
..... divide.... into /put up
\ ....
with a diameter of
accessible

-
to
take pride in/important for
light up\at a certain
\
\ -
time
the quickest way to .. is to
to the end of.. / fall

\
off
weight over +
protectwith laws
....
the front of / a plan for
come to an agreement
\
)(
on
give reason for
five metres in diametre

takes place in
( ) change back into

in conflict
do research into /on

disagree with ( his
( )guess about \ wrong
\
ideas)
about
disapprove of (his research)
go on holiday/sure of(about)
\
knock on ( at )
live on the island

protect from
\ ask questions about

It was time for to
.. believe in / try on
- \

30

V to have + interest in
fend for
(yourself)
go abroad to
end badly for
find it quite difficult to
help with
go back to = return to
tell secrets about

thank for+ v + ing \

made special medicine

for
on the internet /sail to
\
leave everything to

know more about how

do experiment on

stay in / die in
\
\ use himslf for

5- Some verbs can go with some nouns

St Engineering * make :a plan

udy
Ta a train, a bus , the metro
ke
do research,experiment, things

rea a length of ,a width of ,a

height of
ch
wo a project, the Great Wall
rk on
crimes, foul
co
mmit
frightening,terrified,his
best
it difficult to/ it easy
lo
fin
ok
d
6- Grammar unit ( 7 ) """ " Deduction "
Present
Past
must be
\
must have + P.P

cant be
\
cant-couldnt have + P.P

He doesn't speak Arabic, he can't be Egyptian.

The streets are wet. It must have rained last night.
B ) " probability "
Degree
Present Past
not sure / perhaps
may have + P.P
may
Its very unsure\probably/possible/likely
might/could
might/could hav + P.P

John is probably Italian. He might be Italian.

I havent seen Mona for ages. She might have moved. (= Perhaps she moved.)
( could have + p.p) :
.couldn't have + p ) .
He could have taken my car, but he preferred to go by bus. ( but )
B) Grammar unit (8)

31


said

told - informed
said to asked
said to wanted to know\ wondered\inquired
explained/promised/
that

.Wh
If \ whether
I he \ she
you
I



( do-does)

did))
this
tomorrow
the next
that these
(following)day
those
yesterday
the day(previous)
tonight
that before
night
.. ago \ last..
..before/...later

then , at that moment / at that
time
before, the previous
,earlier,yet,already, since, for
the following day,the next day, the
future
just now / a moment ago / a short
time ago /says /say / tell/ tells / ask /
asks / want to know / wants to know /
wonders
asked, wondered,inquired ,wanted to
know

told / warned
said to \advised \ \
asked \ordered
not to to
Do not
)
( Dont

to
here
there
now
then
today
day

that

was, were + v + ing
had + pp
would /was ,were +going to /was,
were+v + ing


If , whether , ) + +() )

1-The Vocabulary of Unit ( 9 ) : The power of nature

geyser ( hot water)
/ cause of = reason for \ \
rainfall
volcano(erupt)\lightning(see \ drought (lake of water / no

eyes)
rain)
thunder ( hear ears )
northern / southern
\
eclipse ( solar lunar)
/ occur ( accident )
/
harmful to /sight
- \ phenomenon/ phenomena
\
ultraviolet
rays
shadow ( the moon)
( )
(harmful)
electrical (storm) (light
absorb = take in = soak

up
Review C
a block of (wood-flats)
- Structures

sight
Exploration

damage(to ) / the
\ Mysteries

result of
earthquake
a good example

benefit (from)
- Capital

fertile ( land- soil )
covered with

export to
# import
# Incredible

from
32

solid # liquid
water level
break a promise
make a list of

# full time

control system

pass up

awful = fearful

2-Some important sentences

Unit (9)
Review (C)
1. The best thing about our holiday to
1. Too much sun can be harmful .
Iceland was our visit to the see the
2. We knocked on the door three
geyser.
times , but they didn't hear us.
2. If it rains so hard that the soil cannot
3. Nurses are part of the medical
absorb water quickly enough, there are
profession .
floods.
4. I get on well with my colleagues
3. When there is an eclipse, of the sun,
at work, but they are not close friends.
everything goes dark and the birds stop
5. The accident occurred at 8 o'clock
singing.
when everyone was on their way to
4. You cannot see ultraviolet rays ,
work.
but they can still damage your skin.
6. They left two hours ago, so they
5. She does not need to wear glasses.
must have arrived by now. It is not
There is nothing wrong with her sight.
far.
6. Scientists are not sure what causes
7. No one is sure where Ali is, but we
volcanoes to erupt.
think he might have gone to see his
7. An eclipse of the sun is a strange natural
uncle.
phenomenon.
8. She asked me whether I had been
8. Storms can occur at any time and in
there before.
any place.
9. If I read for too long, I get a
9. It has not rained here for five
headache.
months. It is the longest drought
10. If you had come ten minutes later, I
anyone can remember.
would have left.
10. When I was a child, I used to be afraid
11. The result of the experiment
of storms. I covered my eyes so that I
surprised everyone.
could not see the lightning .
12. Greece and Spain are in southern
Europe.
3-Language Notes:
float ) )
site

swim
sight -
violent (storms)
sink ) )
sight (v) heavy (rain) \ strong
drown

sights

(wind)
))
high (temperature,waves)
lighting
Port ) )
solar eclipse (sun)
harbour ) ) lightning
ightning
lunar eclipse(moon)

drought
no longer )
economic )

)economical -
any more (not
draught /
/
))

4-Prepositions
unusual for
fall on ( an area )/ fall from ( the

sky)
cause\ do terrible damage
take in / at the center
\
to
of
depend on
with high temperatures

get heat / light from
have problems with
\
v to be + right to
afraid of / to / that
\
33

absorbed in (into) = soak up

look straight (directly)at

catch sight of

come into view

ask for trouble

with lightning speed

there is no means of

from time to time

result in=lead
to=cause
blow down\ in danger
harmful to

-
\

afraid for

warn about (of)

disappear beneath the sea

a clap of thunder

open to the public

lift people off their

feet
What/How on earth?
....( )
there is nothing wrong

with
block out / effect
\
on
go out / refer to
\
go round ( the sun)

5- Some verbs can go with some nouns

m
ake
gi
ve
lo
ok

prediction about ,
people ill
explanation to, heat,
light , a ray of hope

directly at , straight at

do \ cause

damage to , harm to

damage
do

skin , sight
research on , experiment
on
dark , blind

go = become

6- Grammar unit ( 9) " If "

: :
If -1
0- If ) ( ) .. )
1- If ... ,will \may ,can\ will be able to\ need to + ( (
2- If ,would, could, might +( (

3- If ,would , could, might + have +P.P

( (

:
was were -1 :
. Ex I would help her if I ( was were- had been am ) you
( s ) -2
( he ,she, it )
He ,she ,it + read , put off , put on , cost , set , hit , cut
S
. Ex He(will understand would understand) the lesson if he read it
( ( ) had to + ( ( ) had + ) 3
( ( ) pp+ had )
. Ex If I had enough money , I ( would buy will buy would have bought) a car
would have to ) ( ( ) would have ) ( + ( -4
( would have + pp )
.Ex If you ( come came had come ) , you would have a happy time
.If you ( come came had come ) , you would have had a happy time
( d' would had ) - :
+ would ) + d' ) = ( )
( had+ pp)= ('d + pp)
(the appointment, I 'd have come . Ex If I (knew 'd know-'d known know
) If (
1-If = provided that = provided = providing = as long as = when + +
If
34

Ex I will lend you my car as long as you drive carefully.

: ) ( If Unless 2 Unless =(If /as long as) -2 =) If
( ( except if
/provided that + .not
Ex We'll come early unless there is traffic jam =We 'll come early if there is not
traffic jam
3- If I were you , I would + += should \ought to \ had better + ) )
* If \ + = Should ( + ,.......
( .
* If + = Were to ,..*If I were you/=Were I you / (...
* If + had + pp .= Had pp , ( )
Ex If he had found the book ,he would have studied =Had he found the book, he
would have studied
4-If + ) + = In case of / by
+ V + ing \
In the event of / With
+
Ex. In case of his illness ,he cant come. (If) * If he is ill he cant come.
5-Unless \ except if \Ifnot + + =
But for/ Without + v + ing / + \
Without \ But for + = If it were not for + ................) )
Without \ But for + = If it hadnt been for + ) )
Ex Without his help, I would have lost. = If it hadn't been for his help, I would have
lost.
1-The Vocabulary of Unit ( 10) : Science and Scientists
achieve / achievement
\ - Theory / theorically
\
(cancer ( incurable serious
amount
/
a cure for / cure of
\ Visible(see) # invisible
#
((can't see
diabetes ( sugar in
release
/
(blood
(diabetic ( v to be
gain weight

gradually
Regularly

result of
( process ( natural

specialist / specialize in
\ get together = meet

Unit ( 11) : The Count of Monte Cristo

finance (n / v)
\ - accuse of = charge

\finance
with
lecturer
(
gives
envious of / envy
\
lectures)
historical
fiance / fianc
\
object to ( v+ ing \
Recognize

(v))
assistant
(
take
-get
have)
/ /
revenge on
imprisonment
(for
/ Treason
( )
life)
playwright
(writes
Victim

plays)
2- Some important sentences
Unit (10)
Unit (11)
1.You will never achieve very much if you 1.My uncle works, as a maths lecturer at
do not work hard.
the university in Alexandria.
2.At school, students learn many subjects, 2.I really object to people using mobile
but when they get to university, they
phones in the library.
usually specialize.
3.After five years' imprisonment , the
35

criminal wanted to live as an honest

man.
4.I'm very interested in the past. That's
why I like historical novels.
5.Accountants help people with their
finances.
6.Some of Edmond's friends accused him
of something he had not done.
7.They were envious of him because he
was happy and successful.
8.Epmond was planning to get married to
his fiancee.
9.After he was arrested, Edmond was
sent to prison for life.
10.Edmond escaped from prison and
found Faria's hidden treasure.
11.Edmond objected to his friends'
accusations.
12.Edmond rescued Valentine from her
cruel family.
13.Shakespeare is one of the world's most
famous playwrights.
3- Language Notes:
tasty = delicious
alone
tasteful
( feel ) lonely


only
testy = irritable

regrettable ) )
pricey = expensive
priceless
regretful

))

3.Scientists often do experiments to prove

a particular theory.
4.I found playing the guitar very difficult at
first, but in the last two weeks I've
gradually improved.
5.People who have diabetes must be very
careful about what they eat.
6.There are some sports where it is good to
gain weight, rather than lose it.
7.Farmers water their crops regularly to
make sure they grow well.
8.The little boy who was hiding behind the
door thought he was invisible , but
you could just see the top of his head.
9.If you don't turn the taps off, you can
waste a huge amount of water in a
short time.
10.Leaves falling from trees in the autumn
is a completely natural process.
11.Famous artists had assistants to help
them.

see + v + ing
expect
will +
expected would +

cure
) (

heal (bone-wound)( - )

compare with

compare to \
recognize

identify

series / / ) )
serious /

factor
)
)
factory = works

accuse + + of
be (get )+ married to


married with

charge + + with

gain (weight /speed /height)

/height)
- As +
He works as a teache
//))
))
- Such as = for example.
gain ) information / knowledge - the same as = like
/experience /reputation(
- As = because
win / ( a game/ a race /a medal- As = while
/ a competition /a
/a cup / match )
- + -as = although
beat * earn (money / earn a living)
living)

---and so + +
mention
(

)
Ahmad likes football and so do I.
inform
)/
--and neither + +
)
Ahmad doesn't like tennis and neither do
a number of +
I
the number of +
4- Prepositions
36

specialize in

test with (experiments)

37

....

find a cure for

pass down through
released back into
benefit from
useful to \ careful about
keep up with
look on the internet
find out about
compare results with
object to +( v+ ing ) (
)
accuse of = charge
with
bring up / rescue from
on his wedding
Be + sent to prison
teach about / write for
suffer from
keep at home
envious of = look with
envy
inform of / about
jealous of
catch up with
ga
in
gi
ve
m
ake:
re
ach
6-

weight
explanatio
n
a
list
,
money
agreement

change from into

...
soak up = take in = absorb

cause of / reason for

/
decided to / get
\
over
\ succeed in = pass
\
prove a theory of

put into / run out (of )
\
worried about/ important for
\
sorry for /dream of (v+ing)
\
on his birthday

a victim of
v to be (get) married to
escape from
take care of
take/ get/ have revenge
(on)
in revenge for
help with
at the beginning of

\


\

( )
( )

/ in recognition of
/
friendly to

write under different


names
5- Some verbs can go with some nouns
Sure,decision,discoveryimprovement
Make

experiments, well, better , revision,

research
tell : truth Write: in style , under names
, lies
miss :
get : married , credit lose weight
school
Grammar unit ( 10 ) Wishes and regrets " ( wish = If only) " "
"
do

-1
.Ex I wish I (live have lived will live lived) near you
-2
.I wish I (see saw- had seen could see) him now
-3
I wish I (see saw- had seen could see) him yesterday
I , we .+ could
-4
he, she ,it, they ,you + would
.I wish I (would meet met - had met could meet) him tomorrow
.I wish they (would meet met - had met could meet) him tomorrow
: wish = If only ) ) -1 :
I wish I had seen him yesterday. = If only I had seen him yesterday.
were -2
. I wish I were in London now .
I wish the car were cheap
38

 I wish to be a doctor
( to ( wish
3-
( I wish + ) regret ) ing ) -4
I regret selling my car.
= I wish I had not sold my car.
B) Grammar unit ( 11) " The Past Perfect Continuous Tense
(had been + v + ing) 1- :
(
I have been waiting for three hours before the train arrived.
His clothes were dirty because he had been repairing the car all morning. (

1-when / before/ because/ after/ as soon as
+ since / for/ all day / all
weekend -
2
When
+
suddenly

3-How long had you been + v + ing ... +
when / before

?
: :
wait / do /study / live /work /stay /play /watch / sleep /paint /read /write
/talk/run/walk /travel /plan
1-The Vocabulary of Unit ( 12 ) : Festivals and Folk Music
\ distinctive
/the
celebrate
/
\
distinction
celebration
drum ( hit noise)
Event
( )
fireworks ( let off festivals )
\
evolve into / evolution of
landmark
- folk
(music

/
songs)
mark (v/n)
/ / / Responsibility

position
( ) / / / / vary (from to)
-
procession
( - ) Harvest
/
historical (events / play)
a variety of \ various
\
Review D
climate change
water supply / waste
\
Hydroponics ( without
Quality
-
soil)
without soil
greenhouse ( to protect plants

)
floating
Competition

process
Narrator

sounds
make time
-
like
efficiently
mark the beginning of (spring)

a way of + v+ ing \to
come round

farming = agriculture
Regularly

advanced methods
envious of

submarines
Producer

nutrients
keep fit / fit to
\
with poor soil
decisive moment

2- Some important sentences
Unit (12)
1. Fireworks can be very dangerous,
so they shouldn't be given to young
39

Review (D)
1. I am sorry I didn't recognize you. You
look completely different.

children.
2. We scored a goal because the other
team's goalkeeper was in the wrong
position
3. The Eiffel Tower in Paris is one of the
world's most famous landmarks
4. Forty members of our family got
together to celebrate my grandfather's
birthday.
5. If you hit them hard, drums make a
very loud noise.
6. A procession of about twenty
thousand people moved slowly towards
the king's palace
7. They held a big celebration on their
wedding .
8. Sham El-Nessim marks the
beginning of spring
9. The procession of the president in the
street was remarkable.
10. The evolution of the internet has taken
place over 20 years.

2. Most teachers specialize in one or

two subjects.
3. Experiments are used to test
scientific theories
4. We are celebrating my birthday next
weekend.
5. My favourite position when I play
football is goalkeeper.
6. I wish I had known what I was doing
at the weekend.
7. I wish I had worked harder when I
was at school.
8. The children were covered in sand
when they got home. They had been
playing.
9. By the time we arrived home, we had
traveled over 500 kilometers.
10. I expect to pass my driving test
when I take it next year.

11. You can buy this shirt in various

colours.
12. What is the distinction between who
and which?
3- Language Notes:
local
#
global Position (team )
harvest

collect
national #international location

made it possible for to +

mark -remark \ landmark
4-Prepositions
responsible for
let off ( fireworks)
( )
responsible to
influenced by
( )
make up
get through (work)
)(
write down
- give out (charities)
( )
vary from to
\ mark the beginning
\
of
evolve into = developed into
last for ( )

in the same way
play on (instrument)

in relation to
pass from ..to

access to
make notes of = take

notes on
pick up
cheer up
-
5) Some verbs can go with some nouns
Grammar
unit ( 12 ) " (Gerund
) ( v ,music,
+ ing )"sculptures
&"( to + ,notes
infinitive
)"
, dusting
, noise
d 6-sweeping
ma money
concert , party
decision, promise, suggestion , model of
o
ke
g
ive
g together, through
pla music ,the lute, on an instrument
et
y
t Responsibility
ma the beginning of Have : your own style
ake
rk
40

: ( gerund ) ( v + ing) : -1 :
suggest
avoid
imagine = fancy
-
practise
admit

deny
finish
give up = quit \
consider
enjoy
put off = postpone
risk
don't feel like
go
miss
keep on
It is no use (good)
mind
recommend
- can't stand
it's worth

Ali admitted taking my pen.

The driver avoided hitting the young boy.
( V +ing) to -:
look forward to , owing to , due to , thanks to , take to
+ v to be+ used to(accustomed to) , object to = oppose to ,
subject to , lead to , Prefer + v + ing to + v+ ing ... , in
addition to ,get down to , contribute to He objected to coming
early.
( to + infinitive ) : 2
agree
offer
wish
arrange
plan
threaten

decide
promise
accept
expect
want, need ,require -
can
/
could
afford

hope )
)manage
deserve
learn
long = be + eager
dare
refuse
Pretend -
attempt

: ( to + infinitive or gerund) -3
V + ing to + inf ( remember \ forget \ try
\ stop \ regret)
A) (begin \ start \continue )

Ex It started raining = It started to rain

(B)(hate \love like \prefer

(( ing
.to + inf -2 V + ing -1
( to )
(would ('d this\ that \here
I usually like playing football. I like playing games .
I would like to play football. I prefer to play football
here\now.
1-The Vocabulary of Unit ( 13 ) : Wowmen in History
argue for
/ Effective
/
degree
/ make flight

encourage
\
Impressive
/
/encouragment
inspector
licence ( driving
( )
flying)
personal
Nursing

encouraging
solo = alone
/ /
role ( positive )
suit /suitable
\
be in charge of = responsible
Employ
/
for
Unit ( 14 ) : Greene : Travels with Aunt
Conventiona
banking
/
/
l
bully
/ find out ( about)
/
excitement
Funeral

influential
/ lead to

41

regard as
storyteller

Lifestyle

Spontaneous

spontaneously (no planning

adventurous

thinking)
2- Some important sentences
Unit (14)
Unit (13)
1. Some people regard playing
1. Some students need more
computer games as a
encouragement than others at school.
waste of time.
2. Personally, I believe that everyone
2. Charles Dickens was one of the
should study science at school.
nineteenth century's most famous
3. She would be a good nurse. She has a
storytellers.
very kind personality
3. After the excitement of the day, the
4. It was a great football match. Both
children couldn't sleep
teams played very positively
4. Many people agree that Shakespeare
5. My older brother has a degree in Maths
is the
most influential
6. Exercise can have a positive effect on
writer in the English language.
your health and fitness.
5. Children who bully other children at
7.
Nurses have an important role in looking
school should be sent home
after patients in a hospital.
6. They told him he was sure to pass the
8.
My parents have always encouraged
test, but he didn't believe them
me
7. My cousin believes in spontaneity.
9. I'd prefer not to talk about that. It's
He never plans
what he's going to do
something very personal
8. I didn't think about what I was doing. I 10. I found university work very difficult, but
just
did it spontaneously
my friends were always very
9. Our holiday to Australia was a great
encouraging
adventure. We spent two months
11. Your grades are impressive, Jena.
exploring the country.
12. To be in charge of is to be responsible
10. In some countries, It is the
for or in control of something.
convention to shake hands whenever
13. Something which is effective produces
you meet someone.
the right result
11. My spontaneous reaction was to run
14. A licence is a document that gives
away.
permission to do something.
12. Nursing is a job of looking after
people who are ill
13. Solo means done on your own,
without help .
14. If something is suitable, it is right in a
particular situation.
15. It's an extremely effective cure for a
headache.

train (in something

train to + inf.
train for +

train to be / as
+ a job
( )
teachto
/
learnfrom

frighten = scare

fear
-

3- Language Notes:
argue for / in favour of
/
argue against /

Between

among

recipe
) )
prescription
42

decide to +
decide that +

decide on + -

on (his) own
/

of (his) own

Whatever you do:

))
" ....

so + + that "
:
(Interestingly /undoubtedly

such + + + that " " ....

/ unfortunately luckily/personally (

too to ""
Travel ) ) Travels
+ ed ( ) bored
journey ) ) trip ) )
/amazed/ interested / excited
tour voyage destination
+ ing ( ) bring / amazing
expedition )
( impressed \impressive )
(delighted \ delightful ) ( upset\ upsetting / (
)
4-Prepositions
popular with
/ suitable for/ have+
\
access to
encourage to
was born into a wealthy

family
discourage from
v to be remembered for

argue for \ against
\ take up(of her personal
- /
life)
argue with
( ) at the age of \ care for
\
write on (society)
( )was born into a wealthy

family
write for (newspapers)
( ) grow up / late for ( about)
\
associated with
in charge of = responsible

for
overcrowded with
in the charge of
\
surprised by
made into a film

go through
cruel to / tolerant of
\

customs
at the funeral
get on well with
-
influential in
in his / her seventies

on the journey/effect on
\ find out / watch out
\
introduce to
return to \ a way of
\
look on the internet
live on (his salary)
( )
regardless of = despite
extend (his) stay for

work on a local
without regard to


newspaper
regard as ( a waste of
\ work for a national paper

time)
by convention
appeal to / believe in
\ -
change.. for
apply for a visa

(better)
make /earn money
sort of / write for (newspaper)
\
from
for this reason
give up (job)

5- Some verbs can go with some nouns
6 - A), Grammar
(
13fl) "Relative
" "miss
sure / dounit
:
a plane ,clauses
over long
distances
ma flights
a job
: a friend
ke
y
bre a record
pl a positive role / fail: test ,exam
ak
ay
mis (by) a record
h a driving licence / tell : lie
,truth ,a story
s
old
43

1- Who .
( who ) *
The doctor who cured your brother is my cousin. The man who you met is my
friend.
2- Whom .
(him-them-her) .( whom) *
Ex The man whom you met yesterday is my friend.
+ + ) ) whom who

) whom who * (
This is the thief (who whom) robbed the bank. This is the man about ( who- whom
) I talked.
3- Which.

.
( they- it).( which ) *
The office which (that) he works in is far from his house.

which

This is the article for the paper (in which for which - at which - on which) he writes .
.Dr Aisha used to go to the meetings, (at which- in which) she learned to read and write
.Dr. Aisha wrote many books and articles (at which-in which)she argued for women
4- That = who- whom - which
.

that *
( who-whom-which ) that
that *
in - about - to - with ) ) "" that -1
Ex
This is the flat in (who- whom- which- that) I live. Ali,(that who)is a
doctor, is my friend
( only) - alone - all - some : that -2
(It \this is (was } that ... { .................. .
Ex Ali is the only boy that got bad marks in the exam. It was Ali that got the
prize .
5- Whose .
.( my s - his her ) whose *
A widow is a woman whose husband is dead.
That whose *
The man whose suit is black is my uncle /The man who is wearing a black suit is

6- Where..

here - there ( it + ( in it - at it -on it)
*
1- This is the place. I was born in it
* This is the place where I was born.
2- We have a garden. We have our tea there* We have a garden where we have our
tea.
[ where
- :) ([
+
[ which ( (
+
1. This is the house (which where) I live. / This is the house (which where) I live in.
(visit - buy see sell ).
2. The museum was the place ( which where ) I had visited .) )
3. This is the room (where- which) I study. / This is the room in (where- which) I study.
................when -6
it *
44

Ex Friday is the weekend when all the family members meet.

7- What = ) + which ) \
what ( ) +
1- What makes him a good teacher is that he is polite. = The thing which makes..
2 This is what I bought = This is the book which I bought.
: *
.This is the car(which) I bought -1
. ever :
It is the first time I have ever seen a fox.
This is the best student
.I have ever seen
-2
This is the man living here. -
ing
( +{v to be + pp = pp v to be -
. Ex The letter which was sent by my uncle arrived yesterday
.The letter ,sent by my uncle, arrived yesterday =
.Ex Projects which are carried out in Egypt, will increase the production
.Projects , carried out in Egypt, will increase the production =
: :
) )

) )
This is the man

\
(

+
)
. met her
who
This is the man

+ ).You met here

whom
This is the car

which ( \ + ) .I bought
This is the man \
that (\ + ).I met
This is the girl

bag was lost

whose

This is the place

where

Summer is the time

when
\ \
what +
B) Grammar unit (14) " Linking Words ( Conjunctions )
A ) 1- ( as well as besides in addition to ) ( & and )

-1
+ as well as + + 1
( v + ing )
*
Ex -He studied. he watched TV.
Ex I am wrong . He is wrong. (as well as )
.As well as studying , he watched TV
I , as well as he, am wrong .
-2
In addition + + to
Ex I studied in addition I watched TV
and.) ) and
Ex He was a writer .He was a poet .
Ex He studied and watched TV .
He was a writer as well as (and) a poet
He studied as well as watching TV .
2 Not only + + .but also = Not only + + ......as well.
not only ...but also ....
Not only 1 ..but also 2 + 2


Not only 1-
Not only 1 ..but also 2 + 2
not only 2-
) ( 2 .
but also* Neither 1 nor 2 + 2
Ex. He wrote the letter. He sent it.
Either
1 or 2 2 +
* Not only did he write the letter but
Both and .. .
also (he) sent it .
Ex . Im a teacher . He is a teacher.
45

* He not only wrote the letter but also

( he ) sent it .
B) Contrast ( Although / despite )
1-Although = though = even if =
even though + + ,
2- However + + + \,.
3-\ + as + + ,..
4-Whatever + + ,..
5- In spite of / Despite
+
v
+ ing,

+
( (
+ +
( ( ,
C) The cause

A because = as= since + +

B because of = owing to = due to =
through = thanks to = as a result of =
on account of / for
+
v + ing ,

+
( ,
+ +
( ( ,
He didn't go because he was ill .
He didn't go due to being ill/his illness
D) The purpose clause
( )
can \may
so that
+ could/
might
in order that
could \ can not*
could can\may *

Not only I but also he is a teacher.

Both he and I are teachers .
Contrast ( ,but/ ,however/ .However, )
(,but = ,yet , however =.However, )
Ex Ali is rich , but (,however) (.However,) he
is happy .
- Although he is rich , he is unhappy.
- In spite of being rich ,he is unhappy.
- Rich as he is , he is unhappy .
- However rich he is , he is unhappy .
- Whatever richness he has , he is unhappy.
Result .

{so ,therefore, consequently,thus,thats why

as a result , the result was that , hence }
.*
because

so ,

Ali didn't come because he was ill .

Ali was ill ,that's why he didn't come .

as a result = ,so}{as a result of = because,}

{ of
The purpose phrase
( to / in order to / so as to + )
to not *
Ex-He worked hard so as to finish early .
He worked hard so that he could finish early
want- need- wish*

1-The Vocabulary of Unit ( 15 ) : The Future of Books

grass)(used
for
recycle (v) ( use it again)

papyrus(tall

writing)
paperback (book with

Recyclable

cover)
traditional # up-to-date (book)

# recycled paper
still (pictures)
( ) bleach (v) ( make it
/
white )
moving (pictures)
( ) available\
- \ -
availability
enthusiast (n)
( )roller
) (
enthusiastic about (adj.)
roll (v)
/ /
gadget (a small tool or
enthusiasm
/

machine )
e-book = electronic book
compress = press
( )
Encyclopedia (hold
download
( - )

information)
soak in (cover with
mixture (of)(fact and fiction)
( )/

water)
screen ( a TV or a computer)

be+ broken into(small pieces)
give access to
CD ROM (compact disk) (hold )

education
46

stationery /
\
stationary
dry in (the sun)
logs (are broken into pieces)

Review E
abroad
enthusiastic about

a charity
Replacement

fun
common for

sensible
career

Culture
energetic

v to be + inspired +by
structure
-
make friends
award

immediately
seriously

on visit
said in an interview

2-Some important sentences
Unit (15 )
Review (E)
1.My mother has a special gadget for
1. My parents have always
cutting vegetables.
encouraged me to keep fit by playing
2.Ali is really enthusiastic about his
sports.
university course.
2. When you pass your test, you will
get a driving licence.
3.I'm going to download some
information from the internet for my
3. He doesn't want to live a
school project.
conventional life. He would prefer
4.The television picture is really clear,
excitement and adventure.
You have an enormous screen.
4. Their TV screen is very dirty.
5.This novel is not available as an e5. Paperback books used to be very
book yet, but you'll be able to get it
cheap.
next year.
6. Nightingale, who was born in Italy,
6.My father is a golf enthusiast . He
went to school in England.
plays and watches it on TV whenever
7. My uncle went to a school in London,
he can.
where he learned to speak English
7.Today, paper, plastic and glass can all
8. I went to the bank this morning
be recycled.
because I needed to take out some
8.Before you can cook these beans,
money.
you have to soak them for three
9. I have felt really tired today though
hours.
I went to bed early last night.
9.The story is an interesting mixture
10.
I hope that by the end of next
of fact and fiction.
week, our roof will have been repaired.
10.
You can bleach white shirts
11. She has spent much of her career
to keep them looking clean
encouraging other women.
11.
CD-ROMs can hold a lot of
12. I wanted to complain to the manager
information and are small enough to
of the shop, but he was unavailable.
carry in your pocket
13. To start the machine, just give this
12.
The best thing about a
button a press
paperback is that you can easily carry
14. The vase rolled off the edge of the
it and read it at any time.
table and smashed
13.
Her brother has not shown any
enthusiasm for any sport of any
kind.
3- Language Notes:
stationery (shop) (pens,
fit
) )
trade with ( /
suit ) )

paper,.etc)
trade in ) ) stationary \
match
) )
together / altogether

47
v to be + on the move

had better )

+ )hold /held )
)
4-Prepositions
break into (small
draw on paper


pieces)
soak in (liquid -water)
mix with chemicals

dried in ( the sun)
remove from

pass through
cut down (trees- prices)
-
enthusiastic about
download from

roll up\ roll in
\ on the other hand

information on the net
good for (the environment)
( )
be replaced by
receive an award for

replace with
... range from to
... ..
go on a business trip

traded with
instead of/the best thing
work for a charity

\
about
bring someone
cut by %


round
hold huge amounts of
work for the common good

go (bring) down = reduce
turn over the page

( )
(price)
keep up with ( the latest
take up a lot of space

/
)
make way for
made from recycled paper

paper is made from (trees
find out about


-cotton)
make way for ( new
knock down (buildings)

-
road)
5 -Some verbs can go with some nouns
paper , glass, metal
paper , new friends
make
recycle
generat
e

Electricity

download

music, information

reduce
= cut

the price ,traffic

publish

newspaper ,book

6- Grammar unit ( 15 ) " Future Passive "

+ will be + P.P
:
In the future, our energy will be produced from wind power.
Petrol and oil will not be used as much as they are today.
will have / shall have + PP. :

(by + 2020 ( ) by + tomorrow) (by + next..) (by + the end of next)(by +
6 o'clock tomorrow) (this time + tomorrow ) (in a year's time) (in a month's
time) (in a day's time )(in a week's time ) He will have finished the project
by 2020.
They will have built the house by next month.

+ will have + been + P.P

The project will have been finished by 2020. The house will have been built by
next month
conscientious
well established

1-The Vocabulary of Unit ( 16 ) : Finding Work

/ neighbourhood
// pharmacy
48

 CV=curriculum vitae
( )
promotion (get)

permanent job = a full-time

module
/

job
temporary job = part-time
well-organized


job
conscience
make profits

neighbourly
( ) / personnel manager

formally #
fluent in\ fluently\fluency
\ \
#
informally
modular
\ trainee / trainer
\
degree
Pharmacy (sell-make-medicinesapplicant
( )

drugs)
reputation (good\ - driving licence (hold )

bad)\reputable
fill in (application
promote

form)
acquire (experience)
( )smart appearance

Bachelor of Arts =BA
Date Of Birth = DOB

Bachelor of science = BSC
Information

technology= IT
Master of Science= MSC
Doctor of philosophy

=PhD
1-The Vocabulary of Unit ( 17 ) : The Pearl
pearl (valuable jewellery)

influential
greed / greedy
\
\ force (v) ( n)
\ - -
persuasion
a rival firm

economic depression
persuade \ persuasive
\
\
(bad)
celebrity
early childhood

correspondent (reports news)
( ) cave (a large natural hole)

dive/diver/go diving
\\ sophisticated
/
publicity (seek
civil servant

/ /
/avoid)
v be worth a lot of
ancestors
/

money
scorpion (with poisonous sting)
purchase
\
throw away
sting stung - stung (scorpion)

\
(out)
stinging ( report)
\ \ comedian

merchant (sells and buys )
martial arts

make blind to reality
Organ / destroy
\
2- Some important sentences
Unit (16)
Unit (17)
1. The hospital is looking for sociable
1- Today's newspaper has a very
young people to train.
interesting report from one of their
correspondents in India.
2. Ali is the most conscientious
student in the class. He works hard .
2- My grandmother's beautiful pearl
3. When they are applying for a job,
necklace was a wedding present from
some people start their CV with
her uncle.
personal details.
3- Police are looking for the missing car.
4. Our school is very organised .The
Divers have been searching the river
sociable (generous )
achievement

49

staff and students are always on time

5. Our family has a well-established
business.
6. I need some medicine. Is there a
pharmacy near here?
7. My uncle was always ambitious. He
was always looking for a better job.
8. The company received over 100 CVs
from interested applicants .
9. My brother is more ambitious than
me. He gets on with everyone he
meets
10. Tim's applied to join the navy.
11. He is a very good man. He always
does his work conscientiously.
12. He was considered to be stubborn,
selfish and unsociable as a child.
13. The campaign was poorly
organized, so it did not succeed.
14. Karim is the most skilful player in
our team. He plays so well.
15. The people in this part of town are
always very neighbourly ,especially if
someone needs help.
16. Fluency is the most important
language skill.
17. When I go to university, I am going to
do a modular science degree.
18. He can speak English fluently .
19. Most of the houses in our
neighbourhood are quite old.
20. Day care is a centre where people
who are old or ill can be looked after
during the day.
21. A module is one of the parts that a
course of study is divided into.
22. I filled in the application form and
sent it off.

on time = punctual, not late

in time = early enough / soon
enough
/

think of = think about

/
think of
/

all day.
4- A well-known TV authority is opening a
new supermarket in our town tomorrow.
5- People lost their jobs and businesses
closed during that year's terrible
depression.
6- I'd like to help my country by working
as a civil servant.
7- Being stung by an insect is very
painful.
8- That shopkeeper is always great to do
business with.
9- My friend persuaded me to go
swimming, even though I felt ill.
10- Although people are frightened of them,
scorpions don't kill many human
beings.
11- I threw away the newspaper this
morning. I didn't know you hadn't read
it.
12- With a little persuasion, he has agreed
to meet tomorrow evening.
13- My sister can be very persuasive .She
usually gets what she wants.
14- Don't be so greedy. You've eaten
enough.
15- What's the best treatment for a
headache?
16- He gave a stinging report about the
company's problems.
17- A cave is a large hole in the side of a
cliff or under the ground.
18- A greedy man usually wants to have
more money, food, power etc than he
needs.
19-A (diamond stone pearl - necklace)
is a valuable small white round object
that forms inside an oyster and is used
in jewellery.
20- To force is to make someone do
something they do not want to do.
21- A celebrity is a famous person,
especially an actor or entertainer.
3- Language Notes:
interview
Wages ) (
/ / )/( )Salary
. \Fare \
)
Fees - )
appointment /
(
conferenc meeting

do a project
degree in \

Carry out a project

grade
a graduate of /graduated
graduated
/ ) )
)

50

from
+ make / let
\bill receipt
inquire / enquire
/ require = need
))
)) / / / + to force / allow
) / / apply for /
) ( ) applicant /
)
apply in person
) / / /

apply in
) / ( candidate
/ apply writing
)( nominee
apply to +
.

4- Prepositions
work as
)apply for (job/visa

.... ....
for
apply in writing
relevant to
/ /
focus on
be in existence

a long way from
have access to ..
have a good command
care about

)(
of
reply to
get into university

an interview with
an interview for
..

someone
= make up for
make for = head for

compensate
at the present time
make out

deal with
get on with / )(

fluent in
/ in graduate from
\

in honour of
have experience with -

computers
arrive on time for appointment
It doesn't matter to me

do a course in
have a contact with ) (

account for
enquire about

fire guns at
v to be + stung

by
cry out
escape from = break out

of
pay for
) ( throw (it) away -

get rid of
throw (it) into (the
)(
)sea
correspondent for
hide in a cave

)win a prize for (literature
be on someone's side

hear about (of) /
do business with

\
from
tell the truth
go into town


about
take over
turn down -

cave in / blind to
a correspondent for
)(
\
reality
)think about (the problem
disgusted by

give up
compensate for / /

by force
sentence someone to

have the right to
at a rate of / cure of
/ ...
break out of the
a relative on side
....

prison
careful with
do business with


money
51

intrude into (on)

take pride in

- keep away from

- on their way to
5- Some verbs can go with some nouns

H a good command of , access to, a

ave degree in
experience with computers, driving
licence
fluent English, French
g experience , skill , confidence
in
ain
honorary
degree
award
d a course in ,modular
degree,repairs,buisiness
ed
o
a prize
win
s excellent
cor
e
6- A)Grammar Unit ( 16) " Revising Direct and Indirect (unit 8)


then , at that moment / at that
was, were + v + ing
time
before, the previous ,earlier,
had + pp
yet , already, since, for
the following day , the next day , in
would + / was ,were + going to / was,
the future
were + v + ing
just now / a moment ago / a short


time ago /says /say / tell/ tells / ask /
asks /want to know / wants to know /
wonders
asked, wondered, inquired , wanted
If , whether , ) + + () )
to know
B) Grammar unit ( 17 ) " Verbs + + to + "

:(not to to 1- )
advise
help
teach
ask
instruct
tell
encourage
invite
want
expect
order
warn
force
learn
persuade
allow
urge
permit

Ex What do you expect me to do ? Ali's father advised his son to work harder.
My sister encourages me to plan for my future. The bad weather forced people
to stay at home.
Ex He was asked to answer the questions.
: 2-

(allow, advise, permit ,recommend, encourage +v+ing )
:
(ing3- (
Ex- They don't allow parking here. He advised buying this car .
hold
pass

driving licence
a driving test

1-The Vocabulary of Unit (

lifelong (learning)
/
college / colleagues
\
enrol on (in) = join
/
enrolment
/
reward /
- \
52

18 ) : Lifelong Learning
a similar (job)\ similarity
information technology
time difference
stimulate/ stimulation
formal # informal

\


\ -
#

rewarding
reword
( \ ) department / increase
- \
the open university
provide (opportunity)for
-
employee/employer
\ unemployed

employable (remain)
provider
/ /
idealism / idealist
\ refuse (n) \ (v)
\
ideal for / idealistic
\ a worthwhile experience

worthwhile
/ / mature(student)
( 25 )
promote / promotion
\ finance department

get promoted (promotion)
\ salute (the flag)
) (
qualifications
national anthem

highly qualified staff
thanks to / challenge
\
studious
good-looking

Review F
contact
local time

53