ETABS 7X5 External Shear Wall Model (ESX2Y2)

ETABS 1X3 Internal Shear Wall Model (ISX4Y2)

ETABS 2X3 Internal Shear Wall Model (ISX2Y)

ETABS 7X5 Internal Shear Wall Model (ISX2Y2)

ETABS 1X3 Infilled Frame Model

ETABS 2X3 Infilled Frame Model

ETABS 7X5 Infilled Frame Model

ETABS 1X3 X- Internal Steel Bracing Model

ETABS 2X3 X- Internal Steel Bracing Model

ETABS 7X5 X- Internal Steel Bracing Model

VALIDATION
For the validation of present work, the pushover curve obtained for Tyagarajar College of engineering, Madurai in the round robin exercise (experiment) conducted by Reactor Safety Division (RSD), of the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai, at Central Power Research Institute (CPRI), Bangalore.

Summary of the Building

VALIDATION CONTD..

Overall Geometry of the Validation Model

VALIDATION CONTD..

Material Properties

Pushover Analysis by Tyagarajar College of Engineering, Madurai:

Software used: ETABS Nonlinear hinge properties: The default hinge properties say Default M3-0, Default M3-1 were given. Axial forces not considered. Shear hinge not modeled.

VALIDATION CONTD..

ETABS Validation Model

VALIDATION CONTD..

1200 1000

Base Shear (kN)

800

600
400 200 0 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6

Roof Displacement (m)

Pushover Curve from Tyagarajar College of Engineering

Pushover Curve from the Present Validation

VALIDATION CONTD..

VERIFICATION OF PUSHOVER ANALYSIS SHEAR WALL MODEL

Comparison of Linear and Pushover Analysis Models

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

PUSHOVER BEHAVIOUR OF BARE FRAME MODELS

EFFECT DUE TO INCREASE IN NUMBER OF BAYS FOR VARIOUS COLUMN SIZES

10000 8000 6000 4000 2000 0 0 -2000 -2000 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4

10000
8000

Base Shear (kN)

Base Shear (kN)

1X3 636x636 PUSHX 1X4 636x636 PUSHX 1X7 636x636 PUSHX

6000
4000 2000 0 0 0.2 0.4

1X3 636x636 PUSHY 1X4636x636 PUSHY 1X7 636x636 PUSHY 1X10 636x636 PUSHY

1X10 636x636 PUSHX

-4000

Roof Displacement (m)

Roof Displacement (m)

Push X Curve for Column Size 636x636 mm

Push Y Curve for Column Size 636x636 mm

8000 7000

9000 8000 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0.1 0.2 0.3 0 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4

Base Shear (kN)

6000

Base Shear (kN)

5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 -1000 0 -2000

1X3 556X556 PUSHY 1X4 556X556 PUSHY 1X7 556X556 PUSHY 1X10 556X556 PUSHY

1X3 556X556 PUSHX

1X4 556X556 PUSHX 1X7 556X556 PUSHX 1X10 556X556 PUSHX

Roof Displacement (m)

Roof Displacement (m)

Push X Curve for Column Size 556x556 mm

Push Y Curve for Column Size 556x556 mm

7000 6000

7000 6000 5000

Base Shear (kN)

4000 3000 2000 1000 0 -1000 -2000 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25

1X3 474X474 PUSHX 1X4 474X474 PUSHX 1X7 474X474 PUSHX 1X10 474X474 PUSHX

Base Shear (kN)

5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 -1000 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4

1X3 474X474 PUSHY 1X4 474X474 PUSHY 1X7 474X474 PUSHY 1X10 474X474 PUSHY

Roof Displacement (m) Roof Displacement (m) Push Y Curve for Column Size 474x474 mm

Push X Curve for Column Size 474x474 mm

10000 9000 8000

8000 7000 6000 1X3 900X450 PUSHX 1X4 900X450 PUSHX 1X7 900X450 PUSHX 1X10 900X450 PUSHX 1X3 900X450 PUSHY 1X4 900X450 PUSHY 1X7 900X450 PUSHY 1X10 900X450 PUSHY

Base Shear (kN)

Base Shear (kN)

7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0

5000
4000 3000 2000 1000 0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

Roof Displacement (m) Push X Curve for Column Size 900x450 mm

10000 8000

-1000

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

Roof Displacement (m)

Push Y Curve for Column Size 900x450 mm

8000 7000

Base Shear (kN)

Base Shear (kN)

6000 4000 2000 0 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4

1X3 825X375 PUSHX 1X4 825X375 PUSHX 1X7 825X375 PUSHX 1X10 825X375 PUSHX

6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 0 0.1 0.2 0.3

1X3 825X375 PUSHY 1X4 825X375 PUSHY 1X7 825X375 PUSHY 1X10 825X375 PUSHY

-2000
-4000

Roof Displacement (m)

Roof Displacement (m)

Push X Curve for Column Size 825x375 mm

Push Y Curve for Column Size 825x375 mm

8000 7000

6000 5000

Base Shear (kN)

6000 5000 4000 3000 2000

1X3 750X300 PUSHX

1X4 750X300 PUSHX 1X7 750X300 PUSHX 1X10750X300 PUSHX

Base Shear (kN)

4000 3000 2000 1000 0

1X3 750X300 PUSHY

1X4 750X300 PUSHY 1X7 750X300 PUSHY 1X10 750X300 PUSHY

1000
0 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4

0.1

0.2

0.3

Roof Displacement (m)

Roof Displacement (m) Push Y Curve for Column Size 750x300 mm

12000 10000

Push X Curve for Column Size 750x300 mm

8000 6000

Base Shear (kN)

1X3 450X900 PUSHX 4000 1X4 450X900 PUSHX 2000 0 0 -2000 -4000 0.1 0.2 0.3 1X7 450X900 PUSHX 1X10 450X900 PUSHX

Base Shear (kN)

8000 6000 4000 2000 0 -2000 -4000 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 1X3 450X900 PUSHY 1X4 450X900 PUSHY 1X7 450X900 PUSHY

1X10 450X900 PUSHY

Roof Displacement (m) Push X Curve for Column Size 450x900 mm

Roof Displacement (m) Push Y Curve for Column Size 450x900 mm

7000 6000

Base Shear (kN)

5000

Base Shear (kN)

4000 3000 2000 1000 0 -1000 0 0.1 0.2 0.3

1X3 375X825 PUSHX 1X4 375X825 PUSHX 1X7 375X825 PUSHX 1X10 375X825 PUSHX

-2000
-3000 -4000

10000 9000 8000 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4

1X3 375X825 PUSHY

1X4 375X825 PUSHY

1X7 375X825 PUSHY 1X10375X825 PUSHY

Roof Displacement (m) Roof Displacement (m) Push Y Curve for Column Size 375x825 m
10000 8000

Push X Curve for Column Size 375x825 mm

6000 5000

Base Shear (kN)

4000 3000

Base Shear (kN)

1X3 300X750 PUSHX 1X4 300X750 PUSHX 1X7 300X750 PUSHX 1X10300X750 PUSHX 0 0.1 0.2 0.3

6000 4000 2000 0 -2000 -4000 -6000

1X3 300X750 PUSHY

1X4 300X750 PUSHY 1X7 300X750 PUSHY 1X10 300X750 PUSHY

2000
1000 0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

Roof Displacement (m) Push X Curve for Column Size 300x750 m

Roof Displacement (m)

Push Y Curve for Column Size 300x750 m

COMPARISON BETWEEN VARIOUS COLUMN SIZES

3500 3000 2500 636X636 556X556 474X474

3500 3000 2500 636X636 556X556

Base Shear (kN)

2000 1500 1000 500 0

Base Shear (kN)

2000 1500 1000 500 0 0 0.1 0.2 0.3

474X474 900X450 825X375 750X300 450X900 375X825 0.4 300X750

900X450
825X375 750X300 450X900 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 375X825 300X750

-500
-1000 -1500

-500 -1000

Roof Displacement (m)

-1500

Roof Displacement (m)

Push X Curve for 1x3 Bay Models for Different Column Size

Push Y Curve for 1x3 Bay Models for Different Column Size

5000

5000

4000 636X636

4000 636X636 556X556 474X474 900X450 825X375 750X300 450X900 0 0 -1000 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 375X825 300X700

3000

Base Shear (kN)

2000

474X474 900X450 825X375

Base Shear (kN)

556X556

3000

2000

1000

750X300 450X900

1000

0 0 -1000 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4

375X825 300X700

-2000

-2000

Roof Displacement (m)

Roof Displacement (m)

Push X Curve for 1x4 Bay Models for Different Column Sizes

Push Y Curve for 1x4 Bay Models for Different Column Sizes

8000 7000 6000 5000 636X636

8000 7000 6000 5000 636X636 556X556 474X474 900X450 825X375 750X300 450X900 1000 0 0 -1000 -2000 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4

Base Shear (kN)

474X474 3000 2000 1000 0 0 -1000 -2000 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 900X450 825X375 750X300 450X900

Base Shear (kN)

4000

556X556

4000 3000 2000

375X825
300X750

375X825
300X750

-3000

Roof Displacement (m)

Roof Displacement (m)

Push X Curve for 1x7 Bay Models for Different Column Size

Push Y Curve for 1x7 Bay Models for Different Column Size

10000 12000 8000 636x636

10000
8000 636x636 556x556 474x474 4000 2000 0 0 -2000 -4000 -6000 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 900x450 825x375 750x300 450x900 375x825 300x750

6000

Base Shear (kN)

Base Shear (kN)

556x556 4000 474x474 900x450

6000

2000

825x375

750x300
0 0 -2000 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 450x900 375x825 300x750

-4000

Roof Displacement (m)

Roof Displacement (m)

Push X Curve for 1x10 Bay Models for Different Column Size

Push Y Curve for 1x10 Bay Models for Different Column Size

EFFECT DUE TO INCREASE IN NUMBER OF STOREYS

3500 3500 3000 3000 2500 2000 2500 2000

Base Shear (kN)

1500 1000 500 0 0 -500 -1000 -1500 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 1x3 4 STOREY 1x3 7 STOREY 1x3 10 STOREY

Base Shear (kN)

1500 1000 500 0 0 -500 -1000 -1500 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 4 STOREY 7 STOREY 10 STOREY

Roof Displacement (m)

Roof Displacement (m)

Push X Curve for Storey Effect

Push Y Curve for Storey Effect

CAPACITY SPECTRUM DIAGRAMS OF BARE FRAME MODELS

Capacity-Demand Spectrum for 1x3 Bare Frame Model in PUSH

Capacity-Demand Spectrum for 1x3 Bare Frame Model in PUSH

Capacity-Demand Spectrum for 1x4 Bare Frame Model in PUSH X

Capacity-Demand Spectrum for 1x4 Bare Frame Model in PUSH Y

Capacity-Demand Spectrum for 1x7 Bare Frame Model in PUSH X

Capacity-Demand Spectrum for 1x7 Bare Frame Model in PUSH Y

Capacity-Demand Spectrum for 1x10 Bare Frame Model in PUSH X

Capacity-Demand Spectrum for 1x10 Bare Frame Model in PUSH Y

HINGE PATTERNS OF BARE FRAME MODELS

Hinge Level of 1x3 Bare Frame Model in PUSH X

Hinge Level of 1x3 Bare Frame Model in PUSH Y

Hinge Level of 1x4 Bare Frame Model in PUSH X

Hinge Level of 1x4 Bare Frame Model in PUSH Y

Hinge Level of 1x7 Bare Frame Model in PUSH X

Hinge Level of 1x7 Bare Frame Model in PUSH Y

Hinge Level of 1x10 Bare Frame Model in PUSH X

Hinge Level of 1x10 Bare Frame Model in PUSH Y

EVALUATION OF PUSHOVER BEHAVIOUR OF FRAMES WITH DIFFERENT LLRS

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS OF LLRS

Comparison of Pushover Curves of LLRS and Bare Frame for Model 1x3 Bay in Push X

Comparison of Pushover Curves of LLRS and Bare Frame for Model 1x3 Bay in Push Y

Comparison of Pushover Curves of LLRS and Bare Frame for Model 2X3 Bay in Push X

Comparison of Pushover Curves of LLRS and Bare Frame for Model 2x3 Bay in Push X

Comparison of Pushover Curves of LLRS and Bare Frame for Model 7x5 Bay in Push X

Comparison of Pushover Curves of LLRS and Bare Frame for Model 7x5 Bay in Push X

The maximum base reaction is increased for all LLRS compared to that of bare frame model in both Push X and Push Y case; except that of masonry diagonal strut model showing that almost same base reaction that of bare frame model for Push Y case. For Push X, among all LLRS, the maximum base shear is obtained for X-ISB. The maximum base shear of 1x3, 2x3 and 7x5 bays X-ISB are increased by 3.37, 3.77 and 1.75 times respectively as that of bare frame model. For Push Y, among all LLRS, the maximum base shear is obtained for Internal Shear Wall (IS) model. The maximum base shear of 1x3, 2x3 and 7x5 bays IS are increased by 2.83, 3.76 and 2.30 times respectively as that of bare frame model. For both Push X and Push Y, among all LLRS, the maximum displacement reached is for External Shear Wall (ES) model except that of 1x3 and 2x3 bays model for Push X case.

CAPACITY SPECTRUM DIAGRAMS OF LLRS

Capacity-Demand Spectrum for 1x3 Bare Frame Model in PUSH X and Push Y

Capacity-Demand Spectrum for 1x3 ESX4Y2 Model in PUSH X and Push Y

Capacity-Demand Spectrum for 1x3 ISX4Y2 Model in PUSH X and Push Y

Capacity-Demand Spectrum for 1x3 MDS Model in PUSH X and Push Y

Capacity-Demand Spectrum for 1x3 X Steel Bracing Model in PUSH X and Y

Capacity-Demand Spectrum for 2x3 Bare Frame Model in PUSH X and Push Y

Capacity-Demand Spectrum for 2x3 ESX2Y Model in PUSH X and Push Y

Capacity-Demand Spectrum for 2x3 ISX2Y Model in PUSH X and Push Y