04 en MMTK Wireless Basic-Infrastructure-Topology Slides

BasicWireless InfrastructureandTopologies
DevelopedbySebastianBuettrich andAlbertoEscuderoPascual
Lastupdated:20April2006 SebastianBttrich
ItrainOnlineMMTKwww.itrainonline.org
Goals
Tobeawareofthemostcommonwireless topologies Tobeabletoidentifyandplansuitable topologiesforrealscenarios Togiveabriefintroductiontopracticalsetup
TableofContents
BasicNetworkTopologies Topologiesinwirelessnetworking WirelessComponents(AP,clients) WirelessModes(adhoc,infrastructure) Practicalcases(incl.setup)
Adhoc,Star,PtP,RepeatingandMesh
Reallifeexamples
Lastupdated:20April2006 SebastianBttrich ItrainOnlineMMTKwww.itrainonline.org 3
BasicNetworkTopologies
TopologiesRelevantforWireless Networking
Star Tree Line Mesh Ring Bus
Yes,standardwirelesstopology Yes(acombinationofstarandline) Yes,withtwoormoreelements(PtP) Yes,mainlypartialmesh Possible,butrarelyfound Notapplicable.Why?

ItrainOnlineMMTKwww.itrainonline.org 5
SomeGeneralRemarks
Wirelesscommunicationneedsnomedium EMwavestravelthroughnothing Thelineinanetworkdiagramistheconnection thatisbeingmade Wirelesscommunicationisalways2way Exceptforpassivesniffing Appliestotransmitters/receivers,clients/masters
WirelessComponents
AccessPoint
Wirelesstransmitter/receiverthatbridgesbetween wirelessnodesandawirednetwork IEEE802.11+WiredEthernetconnection
Wirelessclients
Anycomputerwithawirelessnetworkadaptercard thattransmitsandreceivesRFsignals Laptop,PDA,surveillanceequipment,VoIPphone
TwoBasicWirelessModes
1.AdHoc(IBSS) 2.Infrastructure(BSS)
Mode1:Adhoc(Peertopeer)
IndependentBasicServiceSet(IBSS) Noneedofcentralaccesspoint AllnodesneedtousethesameSSIDand channel Notscalable
Mode2:Infrastructure
ExtendedServiceSet(ESS) Centralaccesspointisneeded ConnectsaWLANtoanEthernetnetwork ClientsandAP'smustusethesameSSID ChannelissetinAPanddiscoveredbyclients Scalable
RemarksaboutWirelessModes
Inbothmodes,theSSIDidentifiesthenetwork ConsidertheSSIDasthelabelofaEthernet jackonthewall Modes(modesofoperation)canbehiddenand notnoticeableinatopology ex:APtPlinkcanbeadhocorinfrastructure
Lastupdated:20April2006 SebastianBttrich ItrainOnlineMMTKwww.itrainonline.org
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Adhoccase1:Pointtopoint
Connectingtwowirelessclientsdirectly Buildingtobuilding(whenonehasInternet connectionandtheotheronedoesnot) Insideanoffice
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AdhocCase1:Pointtopoint
Setting Mode SSID Channel IPaddress Node1 adhoc MY_SSID Node2 adhoc MY_SSID
Needtoagreeandknoweach Needtoagreeandknoweach others others Typicallyfixed Typicallyfixed
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InfrastructureCase1:Star
Hotspots,Telecenters,OfficesandWISP's PointtoMultipoint Themostcommoninfrastructureinwireless networking
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InfrastructureCase1:Star
Setting Mode SSID Channel IPaddress AP/Gateway Infrastructure SetsMY_SSID Setschannelx TypicallyrunsDHCPserver Nodex Infrastructure ConnectstoMY_SSID DiscoverschannelfromAP TypicallygetsIPviaDHCPlease
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InfrastructureCase2:PointtoPoint
Standardelementofwirelessinfrastructure APtPlinkmaybepartof astar,atree,atwopointlineorothertopology
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InfrastructureCase2:PointtoPoint
Setting Mode SSID Channel IPaddress MACaddress Node1 Any MY_SSID SettheChannel Typicallyfixed Mightbefixedtooneanother'sMAC Node2 Any MY_SSID Discoversthechannel Typicallyfixed Mightbefixedtooneanother'sMAC
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InfrastructureCase3:Repeating
Necessarywhen directlineofsight (LOS)isobstructed
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Infrastructurecase3:Repeating
Therepeatingunitconsistof Oneortwophysicaldevices Tworadios oroneradioandisolatedantennas Canbeseenasareceivingclientandaretransmitting accesspoint
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InfrastructureCase4:Mesh
Meshtopologiesareaninterestingoptionmainlyin dynamicenvironments(urbanareas) wherecentralinfrastructureishardtoimplement whenredundancyisdesired Typicalcasesare:municipalnetworks,campus networksandneighborhoodcommunities
Fullmeshtopology(eachnodeisdirectconnected toallothernodes) Partialmeshtopology(eachnodeisdirect connectedtosomebutnotallnodes) Nothingisnecessarilydynamicinamesh Usedassynonymfor"adhoc"or"mobile"network
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Infrastructurecase4:Mesh
Allmeshnodesneedtorunthesamemesh routingprotocol Thenodescanbeofdifferentoperating systemsandhardwaretypes iftheycomplywiththemesh protocolspecification
Setting Mode SSID Channel IPaddress Nodex1 adhoc MY_SSID Channelx Typicallystaticandmanuallyset Nodex2 adhoc MY_SSID Channelx Typicallystaticandmanuallyset Mightbefixedtooneanother's MAC
MACaddress Mightbefixedtooneanother's MAC
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RealLifeExamplesof WirelessInfrastructure
Reallifewirelessnetworksareveryoften combinationsofmorethanonetopology Graphicalrepresentationsaretotally arbitraryanddifferentfromoneanother
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Typicalofficenetwork
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WideareaWirelessbackbone
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Nepalwireless.netBackboneTopology
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MeshNetwork(OLSR) BerlinWizardsofOS2004
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WirelessBackbone,ruralNigeria
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Mostwirelessimplementationsarebasedon Star,treeorlinetopology Inimplementationswecanfindtwomodes: Adhocorinfrastructure(morecommon) Thebasicsofanysetupincludes: Mode,SSID,Channel+MAC/auth+IP Manywirelessimplementationsarebasedon morethanonetopology

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BasicWireless InfrastructureandTopologies

Yes,standardwirelesstopology Yes(acombinationofstarandline) Yes,withtwoormoreelements(PtP) Yes,mainlypartialmesh Possible,butrarelyfound Notapplicable.Why?

Needtoagreeandknoweach Needtoagreeandknoweach others others Typicallyfixed Typicallyfixed

MACaddress Mightbefixedtooneanother's MAC

Mostwirelessimplementationsarebasedon Star,treeorlinetopology Inimplementationswecanfindtwomodes: Adhocorinfrastructure(morecommon) Thebasicsofanysetupincludes: Mode,SSID,Channel+MAC/auth+IP Manywirelessimplementationsarebasedon morethanonetopology

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