Principle of Architecture Design Chapter 1

TechEd 2005
10/8/2007 12:29 PM
Visual TrainingPractice
Prepared by: Architect: Raed M. A. Elottol M.Sc. In Building Technology
Introduction Point Line Plane Volume
1-
Basic Elements
Combinations of elements Examples & homework
2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. This presentation is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary.
TechEd 2005
10/8/2007 12:29 PM
From the moment we are born we gradually become aware of our surroundings. At first we can only focus on our mother's face and then we begin to see further away, to the room and to other members of the family . Through this process of growing and developing, through learning and accepting or questioning what we are told, we become partially shaped by our surroundings and our experiences.
Introduction
What is a beauty?
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10/8/2007 12:29 PM
* Basic Elements - Point

To aid the understanding of the surrounding visual qualities, things can be analyzed in a fundamental and rational manner. The patterns we see are formed from the arrangements of different components. A point marks a position in space. Small objects can be seen as points Initially, therefore, it can be indicated by some secondary means such as crossed or focusing lines or a point of light.
Point
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10/8/2007 12:29 PM
a) A point
b) A point of density
c) Crossed lines
d) focused lines
In reality, a point needs some dimension to attract the attention and in the lai1dscape small or distant objects may be regarded as points. A bale of straw, a lone tree, a small distant building arecommon examples.
(a) a church or similar object on the horizon (b) a point of light such as a star in the sky. (c) the point where parallel lines appear to converge. (d) lines and a feature on the horizon create a focal point.
Many features in the landscape can be regarded as points.
TechEd 2005
10/8/2007 12:29 PM
* Basic Elements - Line

* Extending a point in one dimension
creates a line. Lines can be implied by the location of points. *Lines can be imaginary yet still exert influence. Edges of planes can be seen as lines. *Lines can have their own properties. Natural lines are common and important in the landscape. *Man-made lines are also numerous. Lines as boundaries are used extensively. *Lines can act as defining elements in architecture.
Line
* Basic Elements - Line

It needs thickness to register and can have specfic properties in the way it is drawn or created: for example clean, fuzzy, irregular or discontinuous. The edge or edges of planes are also lines at certain distances as are the boundaries between different colors and textures. A line can be implied by the position of points or the association of edges. !: can also have a distinct shape and with that implv a direction an . force or energy .
Line
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10/8/2007 12:29 PM
Extending point smooth line Edge of planes
The boundary line
Stiff line
A broken line Variable width A fuzzy line Simple line
The sky line or horizon
Lines of communication - canals, railways, roads - also establish their own patterns. Sometimes these different lines are in harmony; sometimes they cut across each other to create discordance and conflict.
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10/8/2007 12:29 PM
TechEd 2005
10/8/2007 12:29 PM
* Basic Elements - Plane

*A one-dimensional line is extended to produce a onetwo-dimensional plane. two* Planes can be flat: curved or twisted. *Planes can be implied as well as real. * Planes in different positions may enclose space.
Plane
*Naturally perfect planes are few. * The land surface is a plane. * Faces of built forms are planes. *Planes can be used as media for other treatment. *Planes can be used for their inherent qualities such as reflection.
TechEd 2005
10/8/2007 12:29 PM
* Basic Elements - Plane

*Of itself it has no depth or thickness, only length and width. * A piece of paper or a thin wall can e regarded as more or less pure planes for all practical purposes. *Where planes enclose space they may assume a specific function such as floor, wall or roof planes.
Plane
The plane can however be used in its own right: the reflecting pool is one classic example. The fields used for many games -football, cricket, bowls or tennis - depend on precisely laid out plane surfaces. Some buildings feature horizontal planes to achieve specific effects such as the emphasis of the ground plane with a parallel, flat roof. The vertical planes forming the sheer glass facades on some skyscrapers may produce reflections of the sky or surrounding buildings.
In design terms the plane is best understood as the medium for other treatment such as the application of texture or color or as a device to enclose space.
TechEd 2005
10/8/2007 12:29 PM
* Basic Elements - Volume

*Volume is the three-dimensional extension of a two threedimensional plane. *Volume can be solid or open. *Solid volumes can be geometric or irregular. * Buildings, landforms, trees and woods are all solid volumes -mass in space.
Volume
* Open volumes are defined by planes or other solid volumes -enclosed space. *Interiors of buildings, deep valleys and the space beneath the forest canopy are all open volumes. volumes.
TechEd 2005
10/8/2007 12:29 PM
* Basic Elements - Volume

*From two dimensions we move to three and so gain volume. *There are two types of volume: * Solid volume - where the three-dimensional element threeforms a volume or mass in space. *Open volume - where a volume of space is enclosed by other elements such as planes. *Solid volumes can be geometric., Euclidean solids such as the cube, tetrahedron, sphere and cone are examples of this. *In the landscape the Egyptian pyramids and other ancient man-made structures rank alongside more recent manexamples of geodesic spheres and glass cubes as examples of geometric volumes.
Volume
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10/8/2007 12:29 PM
A modern example of a geometric solid volume : a spherical buildings (actual1y composed of many small planes)
Some of the most impressive urban spaces are the result of careful positioning of planes (building facades) to create open volumes. These may interconnect and flow from one to another in a carefully planned fashion.
TechEd 2005
10/8/2007 12:29 PM
* Combination of Elements
* It is rare for one basic element to exist in isolation. * Distinctions between elements may be blurred. Distance may change the perception of which element is present . A number of points may appear as a line or a plane while at different distances planes may be seen as points or lines (edges) and faces of solid or open volumes. Combination of Elements
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10/8/2007 12:29 PM
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Kuala Lumpur City Center ( KLCC )
TechEd 2005
10/8/2007 12:29 PM
TechEd 2005
10/8/2007 12:29 PM

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TechEd 2005

Introduction Point Line Plane Volume

Combinations of elements Examples & homework

* Basic Elements - Point

Many features in the landscape can be regarded as points.

* Basic Elements - Line

* Basic Elements - Line

Extending point smooth line Edge of planes

The boundary line

A broken line Variable width A fuzzy line Simple line

The sky line or horizon

* Basic Elements - Plane

* Basic Elements - Plane

* Basic Elements - Volume

* Basic Elements - Volume

Kuala Lumpur City Center ( KLCC )

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