Planning

Planning Process
Analysis of External Environment Analysis of Internal Environment Determination of Mission Determination of Objectives Forecasting Determining Alternative Courses of Action Evaluating Alternative Courses

Selecting the best Establishing the sequence of activities Formulation of Action Programmes Reviewing the Planning Process

Objectives
Goals which the organization tries to achieve

Features of Objectives
Predetermined Realistic Measurable Social Sanction Interconnected & Mutually supportive Short term, long term, medium term

Advantages of Objectives
Encourages unified planning Motivates people Unproductive tasks can be avoided Provides standards Basis for developing administrative control Contribute to the management process

Process of Setting Objectives

To be set in every area Review the past performance Realistic terms Consistent Clear cut terms Effectively communicated

Strategies
Strategy is the complex plan for bringing the organization from a given posture to a desired position in a further period of time

Characteristics
Right combination of different factors Relates organization to environment Action to meet a particular challenge Formulated at the top level Assumptions of calculated risk