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Chng 18:

H thng lm mt gin tip

S h thng lm mt gin tip c th hin hnh 4.5

Hnh 4.5. H thng lm mt gin tip H thng lm mt ny gm hai phn ring bit. H thng tun hon nc ngt - Trc khi khi ng c phi kim tra li kt nc ngt (7). Nu thiu nc cn kim tra li xem h thng c r r khng? Sau khi chc chn ri mi b sung nc ngt cho kt (7), sau tin hnh m van (8) v khi ng ng c. ng c hot ng s lai bm (9) hot ng. Bm (9) a nc vo lm mt xylanh, sau dng ln lm mt cho np xylanh ri theo ng ng ra lm mt cho ng x (13).

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Nc sau khi lm mt ng x s qua van t ng iu tit nhit (15). Khi nhit nc cn thp, van t m cho nc i qua thng bm (9) khng i qua bu lm mt (5) trao i nhit vi nc ngoi tu sau c bm (9) ht ln lm mt cho ng c. - ng i ca nc ngt l mt ng kn tun hon v vy cn gi l h thng lm mt kiu kn hay kiu tun hon. - Sau khi lm mt cho ng c, mt phn nc nng bc hi theo ng ng (16) tr v kt bc hi v gin n. V vy, trong khi lm vic lun lun phi c mt thng nc c b sung t kt (7) xung ng ng nn kt (7) gi l kt b sung (kt gin n hay kt bc hi). H thng nc ngoi tu Trc khi khi ng ng c ta m van (2). Khi ng c lm vic, bm (4) s ht nc ngoi tu qua bu lc (3) ti bu lm mt nc (5) lm mt cho nc ngt, sau ti bu lm mt du (6) lm mt cho du bi trn ri ra mn tu theo ng ng (18) . Bm (17) l bm ht kh v c b tr lm bm d phng khi bm (4) hng. Nhit k (11) v (14) dng o nhit nc trc v sau khi lm mt ng c. Nhit k nc vo c gn v tr trc khi nc vo lm mt xylanh v nhit k nc ra c gn np xylanh. p k (10) dng

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o p lc nc trn ng ng chnh. Van (2) c m khi tu c ch hng hoc khi c ngun nc cn, nc d bn, ln nhiu rc. Van (2) c m khi tu khng ch hng hoc lung nc s u. * u nhc im ca h thng lm mt gin tip + u im - C th khng ch c cht lng nc lm mt nn cht lng nc vo lm mt m bo sch, kh nng ti nhit tt, cc chi tit hn ch c s n mn . - H thng ny t xy ra s c.

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- Nh khng ch c nhit nc vo v nc ra nn trnh c hin tng ng sut nhit, gim tn tht nhit cho nc lm mt. Thi gian s dng nc lu. + Nhc im Do s dng nc ngt nn phi c kt d tr, s dng nhiu bm, nhiu ng ng nn h thng cng knh, phc tp, gi thnh t, ng c tn hao cng sut v phi lai hai bm. * Phm vi ng dng H thng lm mt trc tip c dng cho cc ng c thu c cng sut va v ln. Tm li: ng c tu thy thng dng cc h thng lm mt bng nc. Hai hnh thc thng dng l h thng lm mt trc tip v h thng lm mt kiu gin tip. Ngoi ra i vi h thng lm mt cho ng c diesel tu thy ngi ta thng dng bm nc lm mt dn ng c lp, vic b tr ny cho php tip tc lm mt ng c khi ng c c cho ngng. 4.2.2. c im cu to, quy trnh tho lp, kim tra, iu chnh, sa cha cc b phn ca h thng lm mt 4.2.2.1. Bm nc 1. Nhim v, yu cu a. Nhim v

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Bm nc c nhim v cung cp nc cho h thng lm mt vi lu lng v p sut nht nh. Lu lng ca bm nc lm mt tun hon cn cho cc loi ng c thay i trong phm vi:[(68 245) lt/kWh (50 180) lt/Ml.h)] v tn sut tun hon t (7 12) ln/ph. b. Yu cu - Bm to lu lng v ct p. - Bm nc t p sut yu cu. - Bm nc lm vic khng c ting ku.

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- Bm nc khng b r chy nc qua cc mi ghp khoang y hoc qua cc lm kn. 2. Phn loi lm mt cho ng c diesel tu thu, ngi ta dng cc loi bm sau y: - Bm piston - Bm bnh rng - Bm ly tm - Bm xoy... a. Bm piston Cu to v nguyn l hot ng ca bm piston n gin c th hin trn hnh 4.6 Hai im B1, B2 ca piston tng ng vi hai im C1,C2 ca tay quay. Khi trong bung lm vic 5 cha y cht lng, nu tay quay t v tr 2 quay theo chiu mi tn th piston di chuyn t B2 v pha tri. Th tch bung 5 tng dn, p sut p trong gim i v b hn p sut bnh cha. Do cht lng qua van 6 vo bung lm vic 5, trong khi van y 4 ng. Khi piston chuyn ng t B2 n B1 bm thc hin qu trnh ht. Khi tay quay ti v tr C1 (piston ti v tr B1) th qu trnh ht ca bm kt thc.

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Hnh 4.6. S nguyn l cu to ca bm piston 1. pittng; 2. xilanh; 3. ng y; 4. van y; 5. bung lm vic 6. van ht; 7. ng ht; 8. b ht; 9. tay quay; 10. thanh truyn

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Sau , tay quay tip tc quay t C1 n C2, piston i chiu chuyn ng t B1 n B2. Th tch bung lm vic gim dn, p sut cht lng tng ln, van ht 6 b ng, van y 4 m, cht lng chy vo ng y. Bm thc hin qu trnh y. u nhc im ca bm piston u im - C kh nng ht kh (t ht). - C kh nng to c ct p cao (hng nghn mt ct nc). - Lm vic kinh t phm vi lu lng ln v ct p cao. - Ct p khng ph thuc vo lu lng v hnh trnh pittng. - iu chnh lu lng d dng. Nhc im - Lu lng khng u. - Kt cu cng knh (kch thc v khi lng ln). - C mt h thng van nn lm gim hiu sut. - Tc quay lm vic thp, truyn ng phc tp. - Gi thnh cao. - Tnh kinh t thp bm tc dng n. - Nhy cm vi sch ca cht lng. Ch : Cn hn ch tc quay ca trc bm. Khc phc s chuyn ng khng n nh ca cht lng trong bm piston bng cch dng bm tc dng kp. b. Bm bnh rng

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S cu to ca bm bnh rng c th hin hnh 4.7 Bm bnh rng ca h thng lm mt c kt cu n gin, khi lng nh, kch thc gn v c kh nng t ht. Tuy nhin, khi dng bm nc nht l nc bn ngoi tu, cc bnh rng b mn rt nhanh v phi thay th lun. Do vy tng tnh tin cy ca bm bnh rng khi dng cho h thng lm mt ngi ta khng cho chng n khp tip xc trc tip vi nhau ( nh bm du nhn ) m trang b thm mt cp bnh rng ph ( b tr ngoi khoang bm ), c nhim v ng b ho chuyn ng quay ca cc trc ch ng v b ng. nhiu bm, bnh

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rng bm c ch to bng cao su lu ho. Trc bnh rng pha ngoi lp trn bi cu v pha trong trn trt bng ng thanh.

Hnh 4.7. Bm bnh rng Trn hnh trnh by cu to ca bm nc kiu bnh rng dng cho ng c diesel tu thu kiu 13/18. Bm c truyn ng t trc khuu nh bnh rng 8 b tr trong khoang cacte. Bm nm ngoi khoang cacte nc khng ri vo du bi trn. Bnh rng 11 c ch to bng tectolit gim hao mn. Cc bc lt trt ng thanh 3, 1 v trc bm 2 c bi trn v lm mt bng nc. Bm c lm kn bng m tectolit 4 v m cao su 5 ngn du t 9 chy ra ngoi, ngi ta b tr ci chn du 7 v mt vnh bt khut khc gia bc 6 v vng 10. Vic s dng bnh rng bng tectolit vo vic bi trn cc bng nc lm n gin bt kt cu ca truyn ng bm.

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c. Bm ly tm * S cu to ca bm ly tm c th hin hnh 4.8 Trn hnh trnh by cu to ca bm nc ly tm ca ng c diesel tu thu 6D25/34, cng sut 300 ml, tc quay 500 vng/ pht. u trc ca ng c c lp hai bm nh vy, nng sut mi bm l 24m3/h.

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Hnh 4.8. Bm ly tm Bm gm c v bm 1, trc 5, bnh cng tc 3 c mi cnh. Bnh cng tc c gn trn trc nh ai c 2 v c quay cng vi trc 5 ( qua bnh rng truyn ng 6 ). lm kn khoang bm, ngi ta dng m cao su 8, cm lm kn kiu khut khc 4, vng chn 7 v van 9 dng tho nc. Bm ly tm c cu to n gin v nh gn, hiu sut cao, tui bn cao, v c th b tr c kh nng ht chn khng. Nh vic loi b c c cu khuu trc thanh truyn nn bm ly tm c th lm vic vi tc quay cao m khng gy chn ng. cc ng c diesel c cng sut v tc quay trung bnh, bm thng c truyn ng t trc khuu qua mt h

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thng truyn ng bnh rng tng tc. Cc ng c diesel tu thu c ln, tc quay chm, thng dng bm dn ng in c lp, c trc bm thng ng hoc nm ngang. cho bm c th lm vic theo c hai chiu quay, cnh v bnh bm c lm theo phng hng tm. Dng bm ly tm cho h thng lm mt kn tun hon ( nc ngt ) l hp l hn c, v trong trng hp ny khng yu cu t ht.

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Chiu cao ct nc ht b gii hn bi hin tng sinh bt nc xy ra khi p sut trong phn ht ca bnh lm vic gim xung di p sut hi bo ho ng vi nhit cho. Ngi ta thng dng cho h thng lm mt c lp v kh nng t ht cao. V bm c hnh dng xon c lm cho nc c tc chm dn nhng ngc li p sut s tng dn cui cng thot ra ngoi. Lu lng nc thot ra u v lin tc. S nguyn l hot ng n gin ca bm ly tm Khi bm lm vic bnh cng tc quay, cc phn t cht lng trong bnh cng tc di nh hng ca lc ly tm b dn t trong ra ngoi, chuyn ng theo cc mng dn v i vo ng y vi p sut cao hn, l qu trnh y ca bm. ng thi li vo ca bnh cng tc to nn mt vng c chn khng v di tc dng ca p sut bnh cha nc ln hn p sut li vo ca bm, cht lng bnh cha lin tc b y vo bm theo ng ht. l qu trnh ht ca bm. Qu trnh ht v y ca bm l qu trnh lin tc, to nn dng chy lin tc qua bm. 1. bnh cng tc; 2. trc bm; 3. b phn dn hng ra; 4. b phn dn hng vo;

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5. ng ht; 6. ng y; u nhc im ca bm ly tm +u im - Bm c nhiu loi cht lng nh nc, du, nhin liu. - C th bm c cht lng bn v dung dch c. - C khong lu lng rng, lu lng u, ct p n nh.

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- Bm c th ni trc tip vi trc ng c cao tc m tc khng cn b gim . - Kt cu n gin, nh gn, chc chn, lm vic tin cy, khi lng sa cha t. - Hiu sut ca bm tng i cao so vi cc loi b m khc, b (0,75 0,92) . - iu chnh n gin. - Ch tiu kinh t tt (gi thnh r). + Nhc im - Bm ly tm khng c kh nng t ht. - Khi nht ca cht lng tng th hiu sut gim. - Lu lng v ct p l hm s ca nhau, nn ch khi iu chnh. Bm cht lm mt ngi ta thng dng bm loi bm ly tm. Quy trnh tho, lp bm ly tm - Quy trnh tho + Trc khi tho bm ta tin hnh lm sch pha ngoi bm, tho ai c chn cnh bm, vi cng c thch hp ta tin hnh tho cnh bm ra khi trc v tho cc then lp. Cn phi ch bo v trc bm khi ta tho v cnh bm ra khi trc, nu c m kn bng s gn vi cnh bm, cn thn trng trnh lm h hng m ny. + Ln lt tho m kn, vng chn , t bm cht lm ngui ln my p, y trc v cc t pha cnh bm ra ngoi. - Quy trnh lp Sau khi tin hnh kim tra v sa cha cn thit ta tin

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hnh lp bm + Lp cc b phm ca bm theo th t ngc li vi qu trnh tho. Khi lp cc v m kn vo v tr, ta dng ng ni v ng lt thch hp. Nu c hng dn trong s tay k thut, ta phi dng m bi trn cho cc trc khi lp vo hp bm, s dng mt lp hp cht lm kn nc pha ng knh ngoi ca cc trc khi lp t + Khi p cnh bm vo trc, cn gi cho b mt m kn cht lm ngui v cnh bm lun lun sch, khng dng cht bi trn cho cc b mt ny

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d. Bm xoy * S cu to ca bm xoy c th hin hnh 4. 9

Hnh 4.9. Bm xoy Bnh cng tc 1 c cc cnh hng tm 2 c cc rnh 4 trong v bm 3 vy quanh. Cc rnh ny b ngt ch b tr cc ng x 5 v ng xoy 6. Ct nc ca bm c to ra do s chnh lch p sut trong bnh 1 v trong rnh 2, ny sinh di tc dng quay xoy ca nc, lm cho nc chuyn ng t bnh 1 vo rnh 2. khc phc lc dc trc, ng c lm i xng theo c hai pha ca bnh. u nhc im - C kh nng t ht. - Kt cu n gin, nh gn, lm vic tin cy. - Khi lng sa cha cc chi tit theo nh k t.

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- Ct p cao khi lu lng nh. - Hiu sut rt thp, l nhc im ln thuc v bn cht nguyn l lm vic ca bm xoy, lu lng nh, cng sut t hp nh. Ct p ht khng ln so vi bm ly tm.