Ha hc:

Cu trc phn t hp cht hu c

A. Mc tiu
Tit 42: Ngy 26 thng 12 nm 2010 1. Kin thc : Hc sinh bit : Khi nim v ng phn cu to v ng phn lp th HS hiu : Nhng lun im c bn ca thuyt cu to ho hc 2. K nng : Hc sinh bit vit cng thc cu tao ca cc hp cht hu c

B. Chun b .
M hnh rng v m hnh c ca phn t etan M hnh phn t : But-2-en ( cis v trans )

C. T chc hot ng dy v hc
Ni dung ca bi hc I. Thuyt cu to ho hc 1. Ni dung ca thuyt cu to ho hc - Do Bt-l-rp a ra nm 1861 - Gm 3 lun im : a) Trong phn t hp cht hu c, cc nguyn t lin kt vi nhau theo ng ho tr v theo mt th t nht nh . Th t lk gi l cu to ho hc . S thay i th t lk , tc l thay i cu to ho hc , s to ra hp cht khc . Th d : C2H6O +) CH3-CH2-OH : ancol etylic ,lng , tan tt trong nc , tc dng vi Na +) CH3-O-CH3 : imetyl ete , kh , khng tan trong nc, khng phn ng vi Na b) Trong hp cht hu c , cc bon c ho tr 4 . Nguyn t cc bon khng nhng c th lk vi nguyn t ca cc nguyn t khc m cn lk vi nhau to thnh mch cc bon Th d : CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3 ; CH3-CH-CH3 Khng nhnh CH3( c Hot ng ca gio vin v hc sinh

GV: Cho hs nghin cu l thuyt sgk v ly v d hc sinh hiu ni dung ca lun im . Th d : C2H6O +) CH3-CH2-OH : ancol etylic ,lng , tan tt trong nc , tc dng vi Na +) CH3-O-CH3 : imetyl ete , kh , khng tan trong nc, khng phn ng vi Na

GV: Cho hs nghin cu l thuyt sgk v ly v d hc sinh hiu ni dung ca lun im . Th d : CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3 ; CH3-CH-CH3 Khng nhnh CH3( c nhnh) CH2-CH2 CH2 ( vng )

nhnh) CH2-CH2 CH2 ( vng ) CH2-CH2 c) Tnh cht ca cc cht ph thuc vo thnh phn phn t ( bn cht ,s lng cc nguyn t ) v cu to ho hc ( th t lk ca cc nguyn t ) V d 1: CH4 ( kh , d chy ) v CCl4 ( lng , khng chy ) V d 2: CH3Cl ( kh , khng gy m ) v CHCl3 ( lng , c tc dng gy m ) V d 3: CH3-CH2-OH V CH3-O-CH3 2. ng ng , ng phn a) ng ng : - Khi nim : ng ng l nhng hp cht c thnh phn phn t hn km nhau mt hay nhiu nhm CH2 , nhng c tnh cht ho hc tng t nhau . Chng hp thnh dy ng ng . - V d : +) CH4 , C2H6 , C3H8 , C4H10,...CnH2n+2 +) CH3OH , C2H5OH , ... CnH2n+1OH +) C2H4 ,... +) C2H2 ,... Lu : T/c ho hc tng t nhau l do chng c cu to tng t nhau b) ng phn : - Khi nim : ng phn l nhng cht khc nhau c cng cng thc phn t - V d : C2H6O C4H10 , C3H6 II. Lin kt trong phn t hp cht hu c 1. Cc loi lk trong phn t hp cht hu c 2.Cc loi cu to Cng thc cu to biu din th t lk v cch lk gia cc nguyn t trong phn

CH2-CH2

V d 1: CH4 ( kh , d chy ) v CCl4 ( lng , khng chy ) V d 2: CH3Cl ( kh , khng gy m ) v CHCl3 ( lng , c tc dng gy m ) V d 3: CH3-CH2-OH V CH3-O-CH3

V d : CH4 v CH3-CH3 l ng ng CH2=CH2 v CH2=CH-CH2-CH3 l ng ng vi nhau GV: Hy so sanh thnh phn v cu to ca cc cht trn HS: Thnh phn hn km nhau 1 nhm CH2 , 2 nhm CH2 Cu to tng t nhau GV: Cu to tng t t/c ho hc cng tng t Vy ng ng l g ? HS:... GV ly v d : CH3-O-CH3 v CH3CH2-OH l ng phn ca nhau GV: Hy so snh thnh phn ? HS: Thnh phn nh nhau GV: Cc cht khc nhau , c cng cng thc phn t l ng phn ca nhau. GV: Yu cu hs v nh tm hiu ti liu V d :

t . C 3 cch biu din cng thc cu to khc nhau : Khai trin , thu gon ,thu gn nht - Khai trin : Biu din tt c cc ng t v lk gia chng - Thu gn : Gp nguyn t C v cc nguyn t lk vi n thnh mt nhm - Thu gn nht : Ch biu din lk C-C v lin kt vi nhm chc . u mt cc lk l cc nhm CHx , m bo ho tr ca C=4 D. Cng c , dn d . 1. Vit cng thc cu to cc ng phn c cng cng thc phn t C5H12 2. V nh lm cc bi tp sgk v hc k l thuyt

Bi 30. cu trc phn t hp cht hu c

A. Mc tiu
Tit 43 : Ngy 01 thng 01 nm 2011 1. Kin thc : Hc sinh bit : Khi nim v ng phn cu to v ng phn lp th HS hiu : Nhng lun im c bn ca thuyt cu to ho hc 2. K nng : Hc sinh bit vit cng thc cu tao ca cc hp cht hu c

B. Chun b .
M hnh rng v m hnh c ca phn t etan M hnh phn t : But-2-en ( cis v trans ) Ni dung ca bi hc Hot ng ca gio vin v hc sinh III. ng phn cu to GV: ng phn l g ? hai cht ny c 1. Khi nim ng phn cu to V d : CH3-CH2-OH v CH3-O-CH3 l cu to th no ? hai ng phn cu to ca nhau HS: ... hai cht trn c CTCT khc nhau GV: Cc cht c cng CTPT nhng Khi nim : ng phn cu to l cc CTCT khc nhau gi l ng phn cu cht c cng cng thc phn t nhng to ca nhau . Vy ng phn cu to l g ? c cng thc cu to khc nhau t/ c HS: khc nhau. GV: ng phn cu to c nhng loi 2. Phn loi ng phn cu to . no ? a) Th d : Xem sgk b) Kt lun : C 3 loi ng phn cu to - ng phn mch cc bon - ng phn v tr nhm chc - ng phn nhm chc IV. Cch biu din cu trc khng gian phn t hu c Nghin cu ti liu v cho bit cch 1. Cng thc phi cnh : biu din cng thc phi cnh V d : CH4 HS: Nt lin ; nt m , nt t H C H H GV: Cho hc sinh xem m hnh c , rng ca phn t metan H 2. M hnh phn t . a) M hnh rng b) M hnh c

V. ng phn lp th 1. Khi nim v ng phn lp th a) Th d : CH3-CH=CH-CH3 c hai cch sp xp khng gian khc nhau nh sau : GV: Hay cho bit hai cht trn c g H3C CH3 H3C khc nhau ? H HS: C s phn b trong khng gian C=C v C=C khc nhau . H H H GV: Cc cht c cng CTPT , cng CH3 CTCT nhng khc nhau v s phn b cis-but-2-en trans-but-2- trong khng gian l cc cht ng phn en lp th vi nhau Vy ng phn lp th l g ? C nhng b) Kt lun : - ng phn lp th l cc cht c cng kiu ng phn lp th no ? CTPT , cng CTCT nhng khc nhau v HS: ... s phn b trong khng gian ca cc nguyn t trong phn t - Cc loi ng phn lp th : +) ng phn cis : Cng pha +) ng phn trans : Tri pha 2. Quan h gia ng phn cu to v - Cu to ho hc cho bit g? ng phn lp th . ( sgk ) HS: Cho bit th t lk v cch lk gia cc nguyn t trong phn t 3. Cu to ho hc v cu trc ho - Cu trc ho hc cho bit g? hc - Cu to ho hc : Cho bit th t lk v HS: Cho bit thm v s phn b trong cch lk gia cc nguyn t trong phn khng gian ca cc nguyn t trong t phn t - Cu trc ho hc : Cho bit thm v s phn b trong khng gian ca cc nguyn t trong phn t . Cu trc ho hc biu din bng cng thc lp th ( m hnh , cng thc phi cnh ) Cl D. Cng c Bi tp 8 sgk : C +) a v b m t mt cng thc : H Cl F H C +) c v d l mt cng thc : H Cl F H F H C C H H

C +) e v h l mt cng thc : F +) g v i l mt cng thc : H C C H H F