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YS% ,xldf
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: wdpdh' foajfkaika fkaihshd

ISBN

: 978-955-1655-84-6

m% : u uq Kh : wfma%,a 2012
uq Kh

: .af,da ms%kax : 011-2689259

m% l dYkh

: l,am m%;sm;a;s flakah

l,am m%;sm;a;s flakah hkq iajdk foaYmd,k mCIjd;ajfhka

f;dr ixOdkhla jk w;r th uQ,sl jYfhka rdcHlrKh iy
.egq ksrdlrKh yd ine .eg flfrys ish wjOdkh fhduq
lrhs' 1996 l,am m%;sm;a;s flakah msysg jkq ,enqfha uyck
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fpkd;aul uYkhg Ndck lrk" l,amhka ykd .kakd
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( 24$2" 28 jeks mgqu." u,a mdr" fld<U 07'

( +94 (11) 2565304/5/6
( +94 (11) 4714460
( www.cpalanka.org
( info@cpalanka.org

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The Call of Lanka uefhka hq;a moH mx;shla
fuu ksnkaOkhg we;=<;a lr we;'
fuu ksnkaOkh m< lsf Bg kka whqka
wdOdr l< ,hk,a .=ref.a" wfYdal fyar;a"
lu,dfoa iIspkaka yd ,xld fkaihshd hk
uy;au uy;akag udf.a ia;;
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foajfkaika fkaihshd

2012 ud;=

,xld ud;djf.a wdhdpkh

(The call of Lanka W.S. Senior)

is,la f .s ysia u;g ke.=Kq uu

wE; rkajka ihqr krUka isfh'
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tnd ,xld! uu Tng y~la fo'

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10

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11

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bx.%Sis NdId whs;Ska ms<sn|jo wjOdkh
fhduq lr' ims K a v kh lrk ,o
ft;sydisl iels,a,lska wdrN lsu
m%fhdackj;a f hhs is'

hdmkfha
;reK
fldx.%ih
Jaffna
Youth
Congress
(JYC)
12

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iy fcHIag isik
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msg; ishu foaYmd,k kdhlhska ^Wvrg

isxy," my;rg isxy," fhdakl" uef,a"
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13

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14

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ixfYdaOkhla bm;a lrka isxy,
muKla hkak fjkqjg " isxy, iy fou<
hk oaNdIdjka we;=<;a l< hq;=hehs
fhdackd lrk ,' miqj tu fhdackdj
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,' kuq ; a tus k a ;rul jd.s l

fkdukdmhla iy fou<" uqi,

a
s wh w;r
wkdrCIs; yeSula ksudKh h' 1948
iy kej;;a 1952 meje;s md,sfka;=
ue;sjrKfha W;=f Pkao fldgdY ;=<
wdikak jYfhka ishu wdik fou<
fldx.%ih iska kd .kakd ,' bka
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kdhl;ajh fokq ,enq f*vr,a mCIh
iska fou< kdhl;ajh w;am;a lr.;a
w;r 70 oYlh w. Nd.fha isjQ Tyqf.a
wNdjh f;lau th oYl folla mqrd
mj;ajdf.k .sfha h' 1977 jk ;=re iEu
ue;s j rKhl u f*vr,a mCIh
Yla;u
s ;aj;a id:lj;a rgfnug tfrysj
Woaf>daIKh lf<ah' f*vr,a mCIh f
ld,h ;=< W;=re yd kef.kysr uqia,s
ck;djf.a iyfhda.h o ,nd.ekSug
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isxy, muKla rdcH NdIdj h hq;= hehs
hk fhdckdjg reoaOj Pkaoh ka w;r"
W;=re yd kef.kyska msg; mokula
iys; jQ uqia,s kdhlfhda isxy, muKla
rdcH NdIdj h hq;= hehs hk fhdackdjg
mCIj Pka o h ka y ' fifk iNs l
ta't'ta' wiSia uy;d ^Tyqf.a uq,a mxh
hdmkfhah& muKla fuhg reoaO h'
f m%Yakh u; Tyq tcdm fhka bj;a jQ
w;r isxy, muKla mk;g reoaOj
Pkaoh md lf<ah'

f*vr,a
mlaIfha
ke.Su

isxy,
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NdIdj h
hq;h
= ehs hk
fhdackdjg
W;=re
kef.kysr
uqi,
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s
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Pkaoh kay
15

isxy,
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wjia:djla
16

1956 ue;s j rKfha is x y,hs k a is k a

kdhl;a j h ka m% O dk mCI fol"
Y%s,ksmh ^uyck tlai;a fmruqK kka
yekajQ iNd.fha fldgialrefjls& iy
tcdmh isxy, muKla rdcH NdIdj lsf
mk;g mCI jQ w;r" ta uska ckjd.sl
fnu jvd;a mq,a h' udlaiajd ,xld
iuiudc mlaIh iy fldhqki
s
a mlaIh
isxy, iy fou< NdIdjka rdcH NdIdjka
f,i .; hq;=h hk moku u; Pkao
jHdmdrh f.k .sh w;r Y%s,ksm iu
uq, ks;r .siqula w;aika lsfuka
ie,lsh hq;= wdik ixLHdjla W;=re yd
kef.kyska msg; ;yjqre lr .;ay'
kuq;a Tjqka W;=f fyda kef.kysr n,hla
w;alr .ekSug wiu;ajQy' fldhqksia
mlaIh W;=f tla wdikhla kd.;a
w;r ,'i'i'm h rg ;=, md,sfka;=f
fojk Yd,;u mCIh njg m;a h'
tfy;a" Tjqka fyda fou< mCI M,odhS
foaYmd,k ikaOdkhla fidhd bhg
.sfha ke;' jir .Kkdjla uq,af,a
jd.sl fn ;j ;j;a mq,a h' 1956
ue;sjrKfha W;=re kef.kysr m<d;aj,
f*vr,a mCIh uqukska u ch.;a w;r
rf wfkl=;a m%foaYhkays YS%','ks'm
kdhl;a j fhka hq ; = uyck tla i ;a
fmruqK ch.;af;ah' jd.sl O%elrKh
ksoyig fmr ;j ;j;a jOkh ug
fya;= jQ w;r ka g j, h' kuq;a

ka kej;;a iaridr f,i Yla;su;a

fjka ;sf'
W;=re yd kef.kysr uqia,sjrekaf.a
Wjukdjka wdrCId lsug t't't
wIafrd*a uy;df.a kdhl;ajh hgf;a Y%s
,xldf uqia,s fldx.%ih biau;=jqfha
Tjqka wh;a jQ foaYmd,k mCIj, ^UNP/
SLFP & fufyhu hgf;a W;= r e
kef.kys ka ms g ; Pka o fldGdY
ksfhdackh l< uqia,s uka;%Sjre isxy,
muKla rdcH NdIdj lsf mk;g mCIj
Pkaoh f m%;sM,hla jYfhks' W;=re
yd kef.kys ka ms g ; iuyr Pka o
fldGdYj, n,mEu fuu mCIh iska
;yjqre lr.kq ,eu;a iu Y%s ,xldf
uq i a , s jreka f .a m% O dk mCIh f,i
uqia,s fldx.%ih biau;=h' wIafrd*a
uy;df.a fockl wk;=rlska wl,a
urKhg f.drejk ;= r eu f*vr,a
mCIh;a iu jQ Tyqf.a inkaOh hym;a
f,i mej;=Ks'
1981 ck ix.Kkhg wkqj ^iuia; ,xld
ugka mej;s wjika ix.Kkh& fou<
l;d lrk m%cdj ^Y%S ,dxlsl fou< ckhd"
uqia,sjre" fhdakl iy lrg fou<& ta
ld,h jk g iuia; ck.yKfhka 30]
la ksfhdackh l< nj;a" isxy, ckhd
^Wvrg yd my;rg& 69] la ksfhdackh

YS% ,xld
uqi,
a
s
fldx.%ih
biau;=u

wIar*a uy;d
fo ckl
wk;=rlska
wl,a
urKhg
f.dre jk
;=reu wIarma
iy YS%' uQ'
fldx.%i
jhsk mqrd
;u n,mEu
jHdma; l<y
17

isxy,
muKla
m%;sm;a;sfhka
bj;au

bkahdkq
f*vr,a
l%uh
18

l< nj;a" wfkl=;a ish fldgia 1] lg;a

wvq m%udKhla ksfhdackh l< nj;a"
fmka k q flKs ' 1981 is g jd.s l
wkqmd;h ^fou< ckhd wiudkqmd;sl
f,i by< m%udKhla& ixl%uKh ksid
ie,lsh hq;= ugka fjkia h' NdId
Nd;h ;=< fou< l;d lrk fldgiska
fYa I fhka uq i a , s jreka f .ka is x y,
idlaIr;djh ,nd.;af;a iq fldgils'
flfia jqj;a Y%S ,dxlslhska f.ka nyq;rh
talNdIsl f,i mej;=Ks' isxy, NdIdj
rdcH NdIdj njg m;al< wdldrh;a ta
iuu we;s jQ m%pKav;ajh ksid;a isxy,
idCIr;djh fou< ckhd w;r me;sug
wjysrhla h' Y%S ,xldf wOHdmk l%uho
oa NdIduh
fyda
ff;% N dIduh
l%shdld;ajhlska me;shdug Wmldrhla
jQ f ha ke;' fuh bka hdf mej;s
;;a;ajhg jvd imQKfhkau mriamr
;;a ; a j hls ' tys b;d wvq ugf
idCIr;djhla mej;sh o nyq NdIduh
;;a j h k.dis g q ug wOHdmk l% u h
Wmldrhla jq w;r th bkahdf cd;sl
iu.s h f.dv ke.S u i|yd m% O dk
idOlhla h'
bkahdf ;j;a lemSfmfkk ,CIKhla
jkafka th NdIduh m%dka; fndfyda
.Kkla we;s f*vr,a rdcHhla uhs' fuu
iEu f*vr,a rdcHhla u m%Odk jYfhka

md,kh jkafka wod< m%dka;fha cd;sl

NdIdfjks ' kuq ; a iEu m% d ka ; hla u
Tjqkaf.a m%dfoaYsh NdIdjka Nd; lrk
w;r tjeks jQ NdIduh iq;rhka wod<
m% d ka ; fha Yd, .Kkla we;' Wod(
;,akdvq m%dka;fha rdcH NdIdj jkafka
fou< NdIdjhs' kuq;a u,hd, lkav
iy f;,s.= l;dlrk fjka jQ tall
;,akdvq m%dka; iSudj ;=< mj;S' tys
Tjqkag tu NdIdjka Nd;d l< yel'
flar<" lkdgl iy wdkad hk m%dka;
iSudjkays fou< l;d lrkakkag fjka
jQ tall mej;s w;r Tjqkg
a wOHdmkfha;a"
m%dka; rdcHhka iu lghq;= lsf;a
fou< NdIdj Nd; lsug bvlv ,enqK's
f ish foaj,a cd;sh f.dvke.Sf
ldhhg bjy,a h' g mriamrj Y%s
,xlslhka m%Odk jYfhka tal NdIslj
mj;s k w;r mmd,kfha cd;s l
iq;rhkag ^m%Odk jYfhka fou< NdIdj
l;d lrk ck;djg& m%udKj;a f,i
fiajh lf<a ke;' tfia ke;ak m%dfoaYh
S
iq;rhkag o ^isxy, fyda fou< l;d
lrk wh jqj;a& fiajh lf<a ke;' fuys
m%;sM,h f,i Y%S ,dxlsl cd;sh w;S;fha
ljrodg;a jvd ka jd.slj tlsfkld
fj;ska ria we;'
Y%S ,xldf isxy, l;dlrk ckhdf.a
wkqmd;h 75]l g;a jvd jejk w;r

bkahdj nyq
NdIsljQ w;r
YS% ,xldf
tal
ndIsl;ajh
k.disg
q u

iq;r NdId
lKavdh
fjkiafldg
i,lkq ,eu
19

wdKavql%u
jHjia:df
13 jeks
ixfYdaOkh
m fou<
rdcH
NdIdjla f,i
ykajdu
iy bx.Si
% h
s
ikaOdk
NdIdjla f,i
ms<.
s ekSu

fou< l;dlrk wh 25]lg;a jvd wvqh'

wfkla w;ska NdIdjkag inkaO kS;s
Nd; lsu fjkia we;' 1956 isxy,
tlu rdcH NdIdj jQ w;r fuh 1972 iy
1978 jHjia:dj,g o we;=,;a h' 1987
oy;=kajk jHjia:d ixfYdaOkh u.ska
fou< NdIdj o rdcH NdIdjla f,i
ixlSK wdldrhlska ykajd ka w;r
^isxy, NdIdj rdcH NdIdj f,i mej;s
ft;sydisl ;;a;ajh |oukafka ke;sj&
bx.%sis NdIdjo inkalrk NdIdjla
f,i ms<s.kq ,enqKs' jHjia:df 18 jk
j.ka;shg wod< jdlH fufiah'
18 ^1& YS% ,xldf rdcH NdIdj isxy,
NdIdj jkafka h'
^2& fou< NdIdjo rdcH NdIdjla jkafka
h'

j;udk
wdKavql%u
jHjia:djg
wkqj
mmd,k
lghq;= j,
isxy, fou<
iy bx.S%is
NdIdj,
Nd;h
20

^3& bx.S%is NdIdj ikaOdk NdIdj jkafka

h'
^4& f mfofha Odk ls%hd;aul
lsu i|yd md,sfka;j
= iska kS;s u.ska
Odk ie,eiah hq;=h
jI 1988 wxl 16 orK ixfYdaOkh u.ska
iuia; YS% ,xldf mmd,k NdIdjla
f,i fou< NdIdj o ms<sf.k we;' wl
ia ; rd;a u l kj ;;a ; a j hla fou<
NdIdjg ,e we;' j;udkfha fou<
NdIdjo rdcH NdIdjla" mmd,k NdIdjla
iy wlrK NdIdjla f,i ms<s.kq ,en

we;' bx.S % i s NdIdj inka lrK

NdIdjla fukau mmd,k lghq;=j,
b;d wvq ugulska Nd;d f' wdKavl
q u
%
jHjia:df oyih jk ixfYdaOkh wkqj
j.ka;s 22^1&" ^2& iy ^3& jk j.ka;s my;
lafjk m w: ksrEmkh flf'
mmd,k NdIdj

16 jeks
ixfYdaOkh
wkqj fou<
iy bx.S%is
NdIdj,
jHjia:duh
;;ajh

22^1& isxy, iy fou< NdId YS% ,xldj

uq,af,a mmd,k NdId h hq;af;a h'
rcfha wdh;k iska fmd jd;d ;nd
.ekSu i|yd iy ish lghq;= bgq lsu
i|yd fou< NdIdj Nd;d lrk W;=re
iy kef.kysr m<d;a yer" YS% ,xldf
ishu m<d;aj, mmd,k NdIdj isxy,
h hq;= w;r ta m<d;aj, rcfha wdh;k
iska fmd jd;d ;nd .ekSu i|yd iy
ish lghq;= bgq lsu i|yd isxy, NdIdj
Nd;d l< hq;=h'
tfia j Q j o Wm idm;s fldGdYhla
ixhqla; jk h tallhl uq ck.khg
tu m%foaYfha isxy, fyda fou< NdIduh
iq ck fldgi ork wkqmd;h flfrys
ie,ls,a, we;sj" ckdm;sjrhd iska "
isxy, iy fou< NdId folu fyda ta
m%foaYh msys m<df;a mmd,k NdIdj
jYfhka Nd;d lrkq ,enQ NdIdj fkdjk
fjk;a NdIdjla fyda ta m%foaYh i|yd
mmd,k NdIdj jYfhka Nd;d lrkq
,eug Odk lrkq ,eh yelsh'

16 jeks
ixfYdaOkh
wkqj NdId
Nd;h
ms<n
s |
m%;m
s dok
21

22^2& ;u ks, ;;a;ajfhka ls%hd lrk

ks,Orhl= fkdjk ;eke;a;l=g ^w& fou< fyda bx.Si
% s NdId foflka ljr
jQ fyda NdIdjls k a ljr jQ fyda
ks,Orhl=f.ka ta ks,Orhdf.a ks,
;;ajfhka ,sms .kqfokq Ndr .ekSug"
ta ks,Orhdg ks, ;;a;ajfhka ,sms
.kqfokq heug iy ta ks,Orhd
iu. ta ;;ajfhka lghq;= lsug
ysl we;af;a h

rdcH
ixksfokfha
iy jd;d
;nd .ekSf
NdId Nd;h
22

^wd& h ks , f,a L khla " jd;djla

m%ldYkhla fyda fjk;a ,sh,a,la
mla I d ls ug ke;fyd;a ta
f,a L khls k a "
jd;djls k a "
m% l dYkhls k a fyda fjk;a
,sh,a,lska msgm;la fyda WOD;hla
,nd.ekSug Tyqg we;s whs;sjdislu
kS ; s f hka ms < s . kq ,nka f ka k"
wjia : djg W; m tu
f,aLkfhka msgm;la fyda WOD;hla
fyda mj;khla fou< fyda bx.S%is
NdId foflka ljr NdIdjlska jqjo
,nd .ekSug yslu we;af;a h'
^we& ta ;eke;a;dg ksl=;a lrkq ,ef
ldhh i|yd h ks,Odhl= iska
h ,sh,a,la ,shd w;aika lrkq
,nk wjia:djl ta ,sh,a, fyda ta
,sh,af,a mj;khla fyda fou<

fyda bx.S % i s NdId foflka ljr

NdIdjlska jqjo ,nd.ekSug yslu
we;af;a h'
22^3& mmd,k NdIdj jYfhka fou<
NdIdj Nd;d lrkq ,nk h m%foaYhl"
ia j lS h ks , ;;a ; a j fhka ls % h d lrk
ks,Orhl= fkdjk h ;eke;a;l= f
jHjia:df ^2& jk wkq jHjia:df ^w&"
^wd&" iy ^we& foj, i|yka whs;j
s disl
iy fiajdjka isxy, NdIdfjka fyda bx.Si
% s
NdIdfjka ls%hd;aul lrjd .ekSug iy
,nd .ekSug yslu ,eh hq;af;ah'
wdKavl
q u
% jHjia:df 16 jeks ixfYdaOkhg
wkqj
24^1& jHjia : dj my; la f jk m
ixfYdaOk we;'
24^1& YS% ,xldj uq,af,a u wlrKj,
NdId isxy, iy fou< NdId h hq;=
w;r" fou< NdIdj mmd,k NdIdj jk
h m%foaYhl yer" YS% ,xldf ishu
m%foaYj, msy
s wlrKj, isxy, NdIdj
wlrK NdIdj jYfhka Nd; l<
hq;af;a kvq jd;dj iy kvq lghq;=
wlrKfha NdIdfjka h hq;=h' h
wlrKhlska wNshdpkhla bm;a lrk
wjia:djl" wNshdpkh Nd. lrkq ,nk
wlrKfha NdIdj wNshdpkh bm;a

wlrKj,
NdIdj
23

lrkq ,enqf h wlrKhlskao tata

wlrKfha NdIdj fkdjk fjk;a
NdIdjla jk g" wNshdpkh Nd. lrkq
,nk wlrKfha NdIdfjka o jd;d
ms<sfh, l< hq;=h'
tfia jqjo" h wlrKhl kvq jd;dj
;nd .ekSu o kvq lghq;= mj;ajdf.k
hdu o wlrKfha NdIdj fkdjk
NdIdjlskoa h hq;= hehs" wlrK Ihh
Ndr wud;Hjrhd iska wud;H uKav,fha
tl;ajh we;sj Odk l< yelafla h'

NdId
whs;j
s disl
ms<n
s |
kS;Hdkql,
+
;;ajh;a
h:d:h;a
w;r mr;rh
24

mmd,k lghq;= j, fou< NdIdj Nd;

lsug wdKavql%u jHjia:df fukau
fjk;a m%;m
s dok iy kS;
s ;s u.ska miql
i,id we;;a fou< NdIdj l;d lrk
m%cdjg ugf m%dfhda.slj b;d
wvq myiql lSmhla muKla ie,iS we;'
fuu lreKq ms<sn|j jI 1998 foien
30 jeks k bm;a lrk ,o NdId
Nd;h ms<n
s | rdcH NdId fldIka iNdj
fj; ^ud m%Odk;ajfhka jQ lgqj& bm;a
lrk ,o NdId .Kk jd;df ^6jeks
msgqf& fufia laf'
^w& > ld,hla fou< l:dlrk
fiajl uKav,j, yshla mej;sfha
h' fou< ni l:dlrk Yd, ck
ixLHdjlg fuu fiajl uKav,h
fiajh l<;a" wm kslaIKh l<

lsis ldhd,hl f ysh msrug

lghq ; = lr fkd;s n q K s ' fuys
m%;sM,hla jYfhka" fou< NdIdj
l:d lrk fndfyda fokd yg
isxyf,ka ^iuyr wjia:dj, Tjqka
le|jdf.k tk l:d mj;lhska
yryd& fyda we;e g bx.S%isfhka
;u lghq;= lsug n,lrkq ,enQy'

fou< NdIdj
l:d lrk
ck;dj
uqyqK fok
iuyr m%Yak

^wd& fou< m%K;d mCIKj,ska iu;aj

ukdjla ,nk ks,Odka mjd
fndfyda rg fou< niska lghq;=
lsug fkdyelsj is;s' fYaIfhka
fou< niska ,sms .kq fokq lsug
fkdyels ;;ajhl miqfj;s'
^we& fndfyda ldhd,j, h;=re ,shk
hka;% jeks uQ,sl WmlrK mjd
fkd;s n q K s ' ke;fyd;a b;d wvq
m%udKhla muKla ;snqKs' iuyr
ldhd,j, fou< h;=re f,aLlfhda
fkdishy'
^wE& isxy, iy fou< NdIdj,ska ishu
kdu mqjre iy u.fmkaf mqjre"
ka mqjre hkdh m%oYkh lsu
jeks b;d ir, fukau wvq msjeh
iys ; jevlghq ; = mjd fndfyda
ldhd,j, olskakg fkd,eKs'
^b& rdcH mmd,k wud;HdxYh iy
rdcH NdId fldIka iNdj iska

fou< NdIdj
l:d lrk
fiajl
ixLHdf
mj;sk W.%
ysh
25

1998 fou<
NdId .Kk
jd;dj

ksl=;a lrk ,o kS;suh f,aLK fyda

pl% f ,a L kj, fj ls i s
ldhd,hl fkd;snqKs'
fou< NdIdj o rdcH NdIdjla f,i
m%ldYhg m;afldg jir 11la f. f.dia
we;' tfy;a" fou< niska rdcld bgq
l<yels ks,Odkaf.a Yd, yshla mj;S'
fuh uQ,sl m%Yakhla f,i ykd.kakd
,' n|jd .ekSf fukau fiajhg
wkqhqla; lsf o O ia;%slalj,
ckjd.ssl wkqmd;h ie,ls,a,g f.k
ke;'

26

Y%S ,xldf fou< NdId

whs;j
s disl
II jk mfoh
fuu mfofha wvx.= jkafka jir 13
lg fmr rdcH NdId fldIka iNdj
^OLC & uska W;=re kef.kyska msg;
m<d;a j, fou< NdIdj Nd;d lsu
ms < s n | l% u dkq l + , NdId .Kkhla
meje;aug fuu ksnkaOkfha f,aLlhd
iska kdhl;ajh ka lKavdhu uska
bm;a lrk ,o ksfoaYhkah' fuu
.Kkh uska W;=f fyda kef.kysr
mCIKhla fkdlrk ,o kuq ; a "
ksfoaYhka uq rggu n,meje;ajQ w;r
W;=f yd kef.kysr isxy, Nd;ho thg
we;=<;a h' 1998 foien 30 bm;a
jQ ks foa Y hkg rola k d fjkia l
we;=,;a jq w;r tajdhska fndfyduhla
j,x.= jq kuq;a " l%shdjg ke.=fka ke;'
f fya;=j ksid tajd kej; bm;a
lrkqfha fjkia lsulska f;drjh'

fou< NdId
Odk
ls%hd;aul
lsug
wfmdfydi;a
u
27

ks foa Y hka
fou< l;d lrk ck;djf.a wjYH;djhka
imQK lsug mmd,khg wjYH k"
rdcH wdh;kj, iy ixia:dj, fou<
NdId m%K;djh ,;a ks,Odka" ish
hq ; = h ' mj;lhs k a " ,s m s l rejka "
h;=re,shkakka" fukau fmd,sia ks,Odka
jeks ishu ugj, fomd;fka;=
fY%aKSka o ish hq;=h' fou< l;d lrk
ldh uKav,hla m%udKj;a ;rka n|jd
.ekSu w;HdjYHh' kuq;a fuh tl /
hlska l< fkdyel' blauka" flld,Sk
yd .= ld,Sk mshjr wjYH jk nj
ksCIK lKavdhu f;are f.k ;sf'

blauKska
ls%hd;aul
l<hq;=
ksfoaY
28

m<uq yis wjYH;dj jkq f ha rdcH

mmd,k wud;HxYh;a" uqo,a yd ie,iq
lsf wud;HxYh;a jegqma yd fiajl
ixLHd lgqj;a" rdcH NdId fldiu;a"
rdcH NdIdjla f,i fou< NdIdj
l%shd;aul lsu i|yd wjYH jk blauka
fl ld,Sk yd .= ld,Sk w;HjYH
mshjrhka .ekSuh' wfma NdId .Kkfha
moku u; i,ldne,S i|yd my;
i|yka ksfoaYhka wms ilia lf<uq'

blauka mshjrhka - ^< i;s fol

we;=<; .; hq;=h&
w&

WmlrK yd f,aLk wdfha yslu

jeks ndOdjka je,elau yd ta i|yd
.;hq;= blauka mshjr f,i wjYH
WmlrK < .ekSu" f,aLk uqKh
ls u wdos h i|yd kg ;s f nk
wruqo,a Nd; lsu fyda fjk;a
whs;u hgf;a we;s jeh b;s ls
Nd;d l< hq;=h'

blaukska
ls%hd;aul
l<hq;=
ksfoaYhka

wd& ishu tal NdIsl yd oa NdIsl k

fyda u fmkajk mqjre ff;%NdIsl
k yd ufmkajk mqjre njg
mj;kh l< hq;=h' fuh lsu
i|yd wjYHjkafka wju uqo,ls'
fuu ldh ls u i|yd wu;r
im;a fhoula wjYHf hehs
fkdfmfka'
we& fomd;fka ; = j , ff;% N dIs l
fkdjk fmdaru ish,a, bj;alr" tajd
kdY lr" rcfha uqKd,fhka tu
fmdaru NdId ;=fkkau tu lvodis
j.fha u uq Kh lru' rcfha
uqKd,hdm;sf.ka f ldh i|yd
m%uqL;ajhla ,nd fok f,i b,a,d
ish hq;=h'

ck;djf.a
NdId
whs;j
s disl
ms<sn| rcfha
fiajlhskg
a
meye,s h
hq;h
=
29

wE& cd;sl NdIdjka ms<sn| wdKavqf

m%;sm;a;shg tlj lghq;= lrk
f,i ishu rdcH fiajlhkayg
Wmfoia h hq;h
= ' fYaIfhka fou<
NdIdj rdcH NdIdjla njg m;a lsu
l%shdjg ke.Sf jEhu mq,a f,i
wid:l jQ nj Tjqkag u;la l<
hq;=h'
b&

rdcH NdId
m%;sm;a;s
ls%hd;aul
lsug rdcH
fiajlhkaf.a
lemu
w;HjYH
idolhls'
30

fou< NdIdj Nd; ls u

inka O fhka wdKa v q f NdId
m%;sm;a;sh ms<sn|j rdcH mmd,k
wud;HxYh;a rdcH NdId fldIka
iNdj;a taldnoaOj pl%f,aLkhla
ilia lr th ish ldhd,j,g;a"
Wmldhd,j,g;a fnod yeh hq;h
= '
pl% f ,a L kfha fou< l;dlrk
mq o a . ,hs k a inka O j rdcH
fiajlhskaf.a j.lSu ia;r l<
hq;=h'

fl ld,Sk mshjrhka - ^1999 jir

;=, fuu mshjrhka .; hq;=h&
w&

wdKavqf NdId m%;sm;a;sh mQK

jYfhka l%shd;aul lrug yelsjk
m fou< l;d lrk ks,Odka
wf;ka n|jd .ekSug wjYHjk
fomd;fka ; = yd fia j d fY% a K s

ykd.; hq;=h' fuu ykd .ekSu

rdcH mmd,k wud;HxYh iska
rdcH NdId fldif Wmfoia m
l< hq;= w;r udi 3 fyda 4 l ld,
rduqjla ;=< fuh l< hq;=f'

fou< NdIdj
l:d l<yels
fiajl
ixLhdj
fYaIfhka
n|jd .ekSu

wd& fou< l;d lrk fiajl ixLHdjla

i|yd wjYH ixLHdj fYaIfhka
n|jd.ekSug rdcH NdId fldiu
iska wdKavqf wkque;sh b,a,d
ish hq;=h' mj;sk mqrmamdvq i|yd
kj m;a ielis h hq ; = w;r"
m% u dKj;a
;r
mq r ma m dvq
fkdue;sk wu;r fiajl ixLHdj
ks udKh l< hq ; = h ' fuh l<
hq;af;a iajNdl bj;au uska
w;s la ; wh wjika jk ;= r e
wfkl=;a n|jd .ekS w;aysgqf
wjfndaOh u;h'
we& bka wk;= r ej rdcH mmd,k
wud;HxYfha f,al iska iqiq
wfmaCIlhskf
a .ka b,am;a le|h
hq;=h' m;a i|yd fou< NdIdj
l;d ls u" ls h u iy ,s f
yelshdj inkaOj;a m;a ,nk
wjia:dj jk g ksmqK;djla ;sh
hq;=h' fuu m;a j, fojk yd
;= k a j k
NdIdjka
ms < s n |j

NdId
m%Kd;ajh
wkqj n|jd
.ekSf
kshuhka
31

ksmqK;djla we;s whg m%uqL;ajhla

h hq;=h'
wE& rdcH mmd,k wud;HxYh tla tla
fomd;fka ; = f wjYH;djka g
wkqj ks,Odka wkqhqla; l< hq;=h'
m;a ug m% : u rdcH NdId
fldiu tu ks,Odkaf.a NdId
yelshdj ie,ls,a,g .; hq;=h' 1999
jir ;=< fuu l%shdj,sh wjika
lsug yels h hq;= w;r wjYH
m;a ,nd h hq;=h'
b&

isxy, fou< iy bx.%sis NdId mqyqKq

jevigykaj,g m jHdma;j uq,
ms h hq ; = w;r is h u j.j,
ks,Odkag wvq ;rka NdId folla
ms<sn| ksmqK;ajhla fyda" yelshdjla
we;a k NdId ;= k u ms < s n |j
ksmqK;ajhla ,nd .ekSug ta uska
yelsh hq;=h'

B&

rdcH NdId m%;sm;a;shg wkql+, yd

wdKavql%u jHjia:djg wod< j.ka;s
ms<sn| kqj;a lsu i|yd taldnoaO
f;dard.;a mqyK
q q mdGud,djka wdrN
l< hq;=h'

W&

iEu mq o a . ,hl= g u rf kEu

m<d;l isxy," fou< fyda bx.%Sis

lk NdId
mqyqKq
jevigyka
32

hk NdId ;=fkka kEu NdIdjlska

rdcld lghq;= lsug we;s whs;sh
ms < s n |j uyck kq j ;a Ndjhla
f.dvke.sh hq;=h' tfiau ishu
rcfha ldhd, iy tajdfha fiajh
lrk ks,Odka" whlrejka iska
bm;a lrk ,o kEu jd;djla"
,shdmx iy;slhla" m%ldYkhla
fyda fjk;a ,sh,a,la wh lrk
,o NdIdfjkau ,ndug yd Bg wod,
ms<s;=re iemhSf fiajdjla Tjqkg
,ndug ne ish hq;=h'
W!& NdId ;=fkkau ksmqk;djla ,nd
.kakd ks,Odkag kj ukd
jevms<sfj,la ykajd foka wod,
Nd.hka iu;a jQ whg ks Y a ;
uq o ,la f.h hq ; = h ' tfkod
ldhhka y s = w;s f l NdIdjls k a
lghq ; = l,yels fhdod.ka k
mqoa.,hskag udisl ukdjla ,ndh
hq;=h' tu udisl ukdj ,ndh
hq;af;a idudkH ldhhkag wu;rj
jevlrk iy Tjqkaf.a uq,a NdIdj
fkdjk NdIdjkaf.ka jev lrk
whgh' fuu f.u f,i mCId
lsfuka wk;=rej f.h hq;=h'
fhda.H iu;hka msysgqh hq;=h' ta

fojeks iy
f;jeks NdId
m%K;djhg
ukd

33

i|yd udis l ukdj ,nka k ka

wjYH jqjfyd;a msg m<d;aj, fiajh
lsug iqodk h hq;=h'

kg isxy,
iy fou<
NdIdjka YS%
,xldf
mmd,k
NdIdjka f
34

t&

ldh uKav,hg fuu iemhSj,ska

miq jka jr wCIKhka l< hq;=
w;r ta inkaOj ,efnk meKs<s
ms<sn| W; i,ld ne,S l< hq;=h'
rdcH NdId fldiu iska kEu
wud;HxYhl fyda fomd;fka;j
= l
wvqmdvqjla fyda w,i wdl,amhla
we;s jka f ka k" ckdm;s f .a
wjOdkh ta flfrys fhduq lsug;a
ckdm;s j rhd is k a iq iq h ehs
i,lk kEu mshjrla ta inkaOj
.; hq;=h'

ta&

wdKa v q l % u jHjia : df 22^1&

j.ka;shg ykajd we;s 16 jeks
jHjia:d ixfYdaOkh m wjYH
Odkhka ckdm;sjrhdg l<
yelsh'

iuia; YS% ,xldfu mmd,k NdIdj

jkafka isxy, fou< NdIdjka f' fou<
NdIdj Nd;d lrk W;=re kef.kysr
m<d;aj, yer YS% ,xldf wfkl=;a ishu
m<d;a j, rdcH wdh;k j, iy ldhd,
j, f,aLk .; lsu iy tajd kv;a;=

lsu iy .kqfokq ls i|yd isxy,

NdIdj fhdod.kq ,ef'
zzh m%dfoaYh
S f,al fldGdYhl isxy,
fyda fou< iq;r ck ixLHdjla jdih
lrkafka k Tjqkaf.a m%;sY;h iy
Wjukdj mok lrf.k;a" tu m%foaYfha
iuia: ck .ykh .ek ie,ls,a,la
olajkq;a isxy, fyda fou< NdId ta
m% f oa Y fha mmdIk NdIdj f,i
fhdod.efka' tla NdIdjlg wu;rj ;j;a
NdIdjla tu m%dfoaYh
S f,al fldGdYfha
mmd,k NdIdj f,i fhdod.kakd fuka
ckdm;s j rhd fldka f oa i s iys ; j
m%ldYhg m;a l< yelsh'ZZ
iuia; YS% ,xldfu mmd,k NdIdjka
f,i Nd;d f' tfy;a Bg mgyeks
m% l dYkhla ckdm;s j rhd is k a
m% l dYhg m;a fkdl<fyd;a ks I a ;
m<df;a rdcH f,aLk.; lsu fojeks
NdIdjlska fyda f;jeks NdIdjlska fyda
l,skau m%ldYhg m;a l<hq;= hehs' by;
fofhka ia ; r flf' f ks i d
wdKavf
q rdcH NdId m%;m
s ;a;h
s lsh
% d;aul
lsug M,odhS Wmdh ud.hka ie,iql<
yelsh'

rdcH ,sms
f,aLK
f,aLk.;
lsf
NdIdjka f,i
2jeks iy 3
jeks NdIdjka
kshu lr
.kakd m%foaY
m%ldYhg m;a
lsu
35

.= ld,Sk
mshjrhka
36

zzis x y, fou< NdIdjka mmd,k

NdIdjka jk w;r h ksYa; m<d;l
f,aLk.; lsf NdIdj f,i h tla
NdIdjla kshulr.; yels f' kuq;a
ckdm;s j rhd g mria m r fohla
m%ldYhg m;al< fyd;a fuh fjkiaf'
fhda.H m<d;aj,g f,aLk.; lsf
NdIdjka f,i fojk fyda ;= k a j k
NdIdjka Nd;d l<yels jk w;r by;
foh hgf;a ta i|yd l,a we;sj mshjr
.; hq;=h' ta wkqj wdKavqf rdcH NdId
m% ; s m ;a ; s h l% s h d;a u l l< yel' h
m<d;l mmd,k NdIdj yd f,aLk.;
lsf NdIdj f,i isxy, NdIdj fhdod
.kafka k fou< NdIdj mmd,k yd
f,aLk.; lsf wu;r NdIdjla f,i
tu m<df;a ksYa; m%dfoaYSh f,al
fldGdY i|yd m%ldYl, yels jkqfha
fou< l;dlrk ckhd 12 1$2 ] lg
fkdwvqj fjfikafka k muKs' tfiau
mmd,k yd f,aLk.; lsf wu;r
NdIdj f,i isxy, NdIdj m%ldYl< yels
jkqfha tu m%dfoaYSh f,al fldGdYj,
isxy, wkqmd;h 12 1$2] lg fkdwvqj
j;ajkafka k muKs'

.= ld,Sk mshjrhka
mCId lsug iyNd.s jQ lKavdhu W;=re
kef.kysr" uOHu" W;=re ueo fyda ol=Kq
m<d;aj, lsi
s ldhd,la mCId fkdl<
w;r f m<d;a" inkaOj jd;dlsug
yels ;;a ; a j hla fkd,enq K s ' wfma
iCIKh wdjrKh lrkq ,enqf" ngysr"
jhU" W!j iy inr.uq m<d;a j ,
ldhd,hkah' mCIKhg Ndckh l<
iEu ldhd,hlu mdfya fou< NdId
ksmqK;ajhla fkdue;slu .gu mj;sk
meye,s ;;ajhls' tfia jqj;a fou< l;d
lrk ckhd iEfyk msilg fiajdjka
iemhSug tu ldhd,j,g isj ;sf'
NdIdj l;d lsug lshug yd ,sug
we;s fkdyelshdj ksjer lsug by<u
m%uL
q ;djhla h hq;h
= ' fuh fkdlrkafka
k mmd,kfha fou< NdIdj Nd;d
lsu inkaOj kS;suh wjYH;djhka
imQK l< fkdyels jkq we;' rdcH
fiajfha iEu tallhlgu iqfYaIS NdId
yelshdjka w;HdjYHf' ck.ykfha
wjYH;djka <d lr .ekSug jvd;a myiq
f,i NdIdj udOHhla f,i Nd;d
lsug yelsh hq;=h'
rf ish fldgiaj, ish mqrjeishkag
iudk whs;h
s la ;sfnk w;r iEu m%dfoaYh
S

ck.yKh
mok
lr.kska
m%dfoaYh
S
f,al
fldGdY
j.SlrKh
fldg ta wkqj
NdId
m%K;ajh
,ndu
37

f,a l
fldGdYhlgu
ieu
ldhd,hlgu NdId ;=ku ms<sn| tlu
ugf kqula ;su iy;sl l< hq;h
= ehs
is;kafka k ta h:d:hla fkdf'
fndfyda ldhd,j,g isxy, fyda fou<
ks< jd;d ;nd .ekSf NdIdj f,i
mj;S' lsysmhlg bx.%sis NdIdjo ;sf'
kuq;a ish ldhd,j,g ;u lghq;= NdId
3 kau mj;ajd f.k hdug wju yelshdjla
;s h hq ; = h ' tneka wms fuu
wjYH;djhka <d lr .ekSu iy;sl
lsug fhdackdjka bm;a lrkafkuq'
O m% d foa Y S h f,a l fldGdY
ck.ykfha NdId ixhq ; s h g wkq j
j.SlrKh l<yels hehs wms fhdackd
lruq'

NdId
ksmqK;djh
wkqj fiajl
ixLHdj
j.l< g
38

I.

isxy, l;d lrk wh 87 1$2] lg

fkdwvq

II.

fou< l;d lrk wh 87 1$2] lg

fkdwvq

III. is x y, l;d lrk wh 50] lg

fkdwvq yd fou< l;d lrk wh
12 1$2] lg fkdwvq
IV. fou< l;d lrk wh 50] lg
fkdwvq yd isxy, l;d lrk wh
12 1$2] lg fkdwvq

tla tla m% d foa Y S h f,a l

fldGdYj, NdId ks m q K ;djh
wkqj fiajl ixLHdj j.l, g
wju wjYH;djhka imQKl< wh
f,i my; wdldr iu;hla we;s
lr.; yelsh'
1'

isxy, NdIdj ms<sn| mQK f,i

ksmqK;djhla we;s iy isxyf,ka
inkaO;d meje;ah yels ks,Odka
^fuh iliajkq we;af;a fndfyda rg
isxy, uNdIdj jQ whf.ka hyels
w;r th tfiau hhq;=j hehso lsj
fkdyelsh' fYaIfhka by< ugf
ksmqK;d Nd.h;a isxy, u NdIdj
fkdjq whg ksfoaY lrkq ,ef' &

2'

fou< NdIdj ms < s n | mQ K

ks m q K ;djhla we;s yd fou<
NdIdfjka inkaO;d meje;ah yels
wh ^fuh iliajkq we;af;a fndfyda
rg fou< uNdIdj jQ whf.ka
hyels w;r th tfiau hhq;=j
hehso lsj fkdyelsh' by< ugf
ksmqK;d Nd.hla fou< NdIdj
uNdIdj fkdjQ wh i|yd ksfoaY
lrkq ,ef&

3'

bx.% s i s NdIdfjka inka O ;d

meje;a h
yels
imQ K

NdId
wjYH;djhkag
wkqj rdcH
fiajlhka
rdcH wdh;k
j,g wkq
hqla; lsu
39

ksmqK;djhla we;s wh ^fuu ldh

i|yd by< ugf ks m q K ;d
Nd.hla ksfoaY lrkq ,ef&

uyck;djf.a
NdId
wjYH;dj
hkag;a fiajd
wjYH;djhkag;a
.e,fmk
m NdId
ksmqK;djh
.e,mSu
40

4'

fuys ^1& i|yka fYaI Nd.h yer

b;d by< ugf isxy, ksfoaYs;
ksmk
q ;d Nd.hla iu;a jQ ks,Odka
^fuh ieliS we;a f ;a nyq ; rhla
fou< uNdIdj jq whgh&

5'

fuys ^2& i|yka fYa I Nd.h

yerfou< NdIdj ms<sn| ksfoaYs;
ksmqK;d Nd.hlska iu;a jQ ta yer
fYaI by< ugf Nd.hlska
iu;a jQ wh ^isxy, uNdIdj jQ
whf.ka fuh ieliS we;'&

6'

wxl 3 g wh;a fkdjk bx.%sis NdIdj

ms<n
s | wju ksmK
q ;djhla we;s whhs'
^f ldh i|yd ksfoaYs; ksmqK;d
Nd.hka ksfoaY lrkq ,ef&

ish m%dfoaYh
S f,al fldGdY ^I& hgf;a
j.SlrKh l< tajdfha ^I& fldgiska wvq
;rka 50] lao" ^2& fldgiska 10] lao "
^3& fldgiska 10] lao ^5& fldgiska 15]
la o fhda c kd lrkq ,ef' fld<U
ia;%slalfha ishu fldGdY" fld<U

m%dfoaYSh f,al fldGdY yer" fuu

j.hg wh;a h ' ks foa Y l< iu;
<dlr .ekSug fou< l;d lrk ldh
uKav,h wju ugka 10] la wjYHf'
tfuka u is h u m% d foa Y S h f,a l
fldGdYj,g ^ii& hgf;a j.SlrKh l<
tajdg 50] flavrhlao ^1& fldgiska 10]
la o ^3& fldgfia 10]la o ^4& fldgfia
15] lao we;=,;a f' uvl,mq ia;l
S% l
a fha
ishu fldGdYj,g wh;ajkafka 10]l
is x y, l;dlrk wjuh wjYHjk
ksfoaYs; iu;hla <d lr .ekSuh'
^iii& hgf;a j.S l rKh ,o is h u
m%dfoaYSh f,al fldGdYj,g wju
ugka 50]la ^1& fia j l ixLHdj
fY%aKshla ^2& j.fha 25] lao ^3& j.fhaa
10] la o wjYHf' fld<U m%dfoaYSh
f,al fldGdYh fuu j.hg wh;a
jk w;r ksfoaYs; iu;hla <dlr
.ekSu i|yd fou< l;d lrk 25] l
ldh uKav,hla wju jYfhka wjYHf'
f wdldrfhka ^IV) jeks j.= f
j.SlrKh lr we;s iEu Wm idm;s
fldGdYhlu fojeks j.fhka wju
jYfhka 50]la o" ^1& j.fhka 25] ^3&

bx.Si
% s
NdIdf
ksmqK;djh
by<
ugulg
tiu i|yd
wdh;k
myiql we;s
lsu
41

j.fha 10]la o iuka ;" is h u

fY%aKsj, fiajl ixLHdjka ika; h
hq;=h' fuu j.SlrKhg kqjrt<sh Wm
idm;s fldGdYh we;=<;a f' ksfoaY
l< we;s m hf;daloa wdoYh lsh
% d;aul
lsug wju jYfhka 50]l fou< NdIdj
l:d lrk ldhuKav,hla wjYH f'
iuyr g tjeks jQ iu;hla iEu
uyk.r iNdjlg;a" k.r iNdjlg;a
ksfoaY lrkq ,nk w;r k.riNd iSudj
;=< ck.yKhla NdIduh ixhq;sh u;
mok mmd,kh ielish hq;=f'

NdIdj
flfryS
ixf jQ
n|jd .ekS
yd m;als
j,g
l,amhla
fkdj tl;=
lsula jQ
NdId
mqyqKqjla
42

g wu;rj by< ugf bx.S%is NdId

ksmK
q ;djhla wjYHjk fYaI;
s wdh;k
;sf' ^3& jk yd ^6& jk m%fNaoh;a w;r
wju jYfhka Yla ; s u ;a ls u i|yd
wjYHjk wdldrfha ksfoaYhka ;sh
yel' by; i|yka iu;hka <dlr
.ekSu i|yd wjYHjk fou< l;d lrk
fiajl ixLHdf uq ixLHdj" kj n|jd
.ekSf m%;sm;a;sfha isxy, yd fou<
NdId yelshdjkaf.a m%udKj;a nj iy;sl
lsu iudkqmd;sl kj n|jd .ekSf
uQ,Ou iu .e,msh hq;=h'
wfmaCId lrk NdId iunr;djh idCId;a
lr .eksug w;sfl fiajlhskaf.a kj

n|jd .ekS ie,iq lsu i|yd NdId

mqyqKq jevms<sfj,j,a Yla;su;a yd mq,a
l< hq;=h' tuska fojks iy f;fjks
NdIdjkaf.a ksmqK;djhla we;s Yd,
ixLHdjla we;s l< hq;=h'
wdrCIl wud;HdxYh iska fmd,Sisfha
iy ikakoaO yuqod idudlhka i|yd
i;s fod<yl fkajdisl mqyK
q q jevigyka"
fld;auf,a iy .my hk m%foaYj,
wdrN lrk ,' tn jevigyka .=
ld,Skj mej;sh hq;= w;r" rdcH fiajfha
ishu fY%aKska i|yd jHdma; l< hq;=h'
flfia jqj;a mqyqKqj w;r;=r ^4& ^5& iy
^6& hk m%fNaohkaf.ka by<g ixLHd;aul
jOkh we;s l< hq;= nj is;ays ;nd .;
hq;h
= ' tu.ska uyck fiajdjka je hqKq
l< yelsh' ^2& iy ^3& m%fNaohka mq,a
lsu i|yd mqyqKqjl n,mEu ukao.d
iy fkdi,ld yeh hq;= ;rh'
O NdIdjka l;d lsu" lshu yd ,su
inkaOfhka imQK ksmqK;djhla
iys; ks,Odka m%udKj;a ixLHdjla
n|jd .ekSug l,amhla f,i NdId
mqyqKqj fhdod.; yels f hehs jer
is;
= ,a,la mj;ajd .; hq;= ke;' wdrNl
ia:dkfha NdId mqyqKqj ms<sn| fhda.H
inka O ;djhla ,ndug l,a m hla

l,la ;siafia
l< hq;=j
;snQ kuq;a
kaj;a
isu .ek
i;=gqh yels
wdrCIl
wud;HdxYfha
uq,msula
43

ke;' rdcH fiajfha ish tallj,g jir

5 la ;=< NdId ixhq;sfha ^l;d lsu iy
,su& ish mdYajhkaf.a NdId ixhq;sh
foig .uka lsu jeks fohls' ta wkqj
kj n|jd .kakkaf.a jevms,sfj< fojk
fyda f;jk ni ms<sn| l=i,;djh iys;
jqjkag wu;r jdishla ,ndfokakla h
hq;=h'
l%shdjg ke.Su iy kshdukh

wod<
fr.=,disj,g
wkqj
ls%hd;aul h
yels m
rdcH NdId
fldiu
n,.;= lsu
44

fld;r mmQ K jq j ;a m% ; s l drl

ms h jrhka " foa Y md,k wIa G dkhl
fm<Uula iys; M,odhS l%h
s djg ke.Sula
iy ks h dukh l% u hla fkdue;s j
n,dfmdfrd;a;= jQ m%;M
s ,hka ,nd fkdfoa'
wfma fidhd .ekSj,ska fhdackd jq m
iuia:hla jYfhka .eg mek kskafka
jHjia : duh j.ka ; s j ,s k a u;= j k
wvqmdvqj,g jvd ^jHjia:df ms<sUq jk
iuyr j.ka;sj, wvx.=jk fkdmeye,s
m%;sfrdaOd;aul foaj,a" ksYa; jYfhka
i|yka l<fyd;a 22 ^1& iy 24 ^1&
j.ka;sj,ska& O ugj, l%shdjg
fmr,S wCIKh lsf yd n,d;aul
ls fkdi,ld yeu ksidh'

ishu ks, lghq;= j, isxy," fou<

yd bx.S%is NdIdjkaf.a ;;ajh iy Nd;h
inkaO ish kS;s ;s" fr.=,dis yd rdcH
m%;sm;a;s ls%hd;aul lsu inkaO lreKq
j, ishu rdcH wdh;k j,g ksfhda.
ksl;
= a lsug rdcH NdId fldIka iNdjg
n,h ,ndh hq;=f hehs fhdackd lrkq
,ef'wod< wud;HdxY yryd is h u
rdcH wdh;k j,ska ka g ,efnk
jd;d mok lrf.k miq mr l%uhla
rdcH NdId fldIka iNdj ls%hd;aul
l<hq;=h' ff;% NdIdjkag wod< m%.;sh
jdIsl jd;djla u.ska imdokh lrk
f,i rdcH NdId fldif iNdm;sjrhd
fj; b,a,Sula bm;a l< hq;=h'

NdId
.Kkhla
l%udkql,
+ j
ls%hd;aul
fldg Bg
wod<
jd;dj
rdcH NdId
flduidia
jrhd
bm;a l<
hq;h
=

g wu;rj wdoY m% ;S k a mok

lrf.k W;=rekef.kysr m<d;a j,g
mndysrj msy
s m<d;a yf;a fou< NdIdf
;;ajh we.hSulg ,la l< hq;=h'
rdcH fiajhg mNdysr wdh;khla iska
jdIslj fou< NdId .Kkhla b
jir 5 i|yd wdrN l<hq;=hehs ksfoaY
lrkq ,ef' fuu jd;dj rdcH NdId
fldIka iNdf iNdm;sjrhd fj;
bm;a l< hq ; = w;r by; foh

45

la f jk m rdcH NdId fldIka

iNdf jd;djla jYfhka ;u ksCIK
iy ksjer lsf ls%hdud.hka iu
w;s.re ckdm;s ;=ud fj; fhduql<
hq;=h'
foajfkaika fkaihshd
jHdmD;s wOHCIl 1998

ckdm;s
jrhd m%.;sh
wCIKh
lsu
46

Y%S ,xldf fou< NdId

whs;j
s disl
III jk mfoh
jI 2011 foien ui m%ios
a hg m;al<
W.;a mdv yd m%;sikaOdk fldIka
iNd (LLRC) jd;df i|yka NdId
m%;m
s ;a;h
s " wOHdmkh iy idu wOHdmkh
ms<n
s | fldgia fuys kej; igyka lrkq
,ef' fojeks fldgfia bm;a lrk
,o NdId .Kk jd;df i|yka lreKq
j,g jvd fjd uE;l bm;a lrk
,o lreKq f' fjd mok jkafka
mqoa.,hska iafPdfjka W.;a mdv yd
m%;sikaOdk fldIu bfha bm;a
lrk ,o idCIs u;h' wdKavqf wdh;k
j, mj;ajk ,o iCIK f;dr;=rej,g
jvd fjd fnfyka fjkia h' tuksid
uQ,sl jYfhka fuu lreKq O fCIa;%
Tiafia fjkiajkafka h' ;ukag inkaO
ks, mejre u.ska II jk mfoh iy
III jk mfoh hk folu
fkdje,elahyels m iSuds lrkq ,en
we;' tfy;a fou< NdId whs;sjdisl
inkaOfhka tlsfkl M,odhS wldrhka
W!K mqrKh lr.kq ,nknj lsjhq;=h'

LLRC
jd;dfjka
Wmqgd.;a
fldgia
47

NdId m%;sm;a;sh
9'238 ms<sfj<ska meje;s wdKavqj, NdId
m%;sm;a;sh yd th l%shd;aul lsf
olajk ,o j,;djhka fya;f
= jka ;uka
h fldka lsulg k;=jK
q d hEhs yeSula
;ukag we;sjQ nj fndfyduhla o<
jeis h ka fldiu yuq f idla I s
,ndfoka m%ldY lr ishy'
9'239 j;udkfha mjd iq ck
fldgia j , fndfyda f okdg ;uka f .a
lghq ; = mj;a j df.k heug is j
;sfnkafka ;ud f;dard.;a NdIdfjka
fkdjk nj .egq mej;s m%foaYhkays l<
ixpdrj, fldiu w;agq lreKls'

mdi,aj,
NdIdjka
b.e;au
48

9'240 o< NdIdj l;dlrk fmd,sia

ks,Odka n|jd .ekSf m%.;sh ms<.
s kakd
w;r fldiu ;u w;= r e jd;dj
ckdm;s;=udg ms<s.kajka fuu .eg
inkaOfhka b;d blauka .; hq;=
l%h
s dud.hka we;=<;a ksfoaYhka bm;a
l<o ;ju;a th l%shd;aul lr fkdue;s
nj lk.dgqfjka igyka lrhs'
9'241 NdId m% ; s m ;a ; S k a iy tys
l%h
s dld;ajh wlaIKh lrkq ,nk ks,
wdh;khka ;=< o< NdIdj l;d lrk

mqoa.,hka iy o< NdIdj Nd;d lrk

m%foaYhka ;=<ska m%udKj;a ksfhdackhla
;s h hq ; = h ' NdId m% ; s m ;a ; s h mQ K
jYfhka l%shdjg kexf m%cd ugu
olajd ysKq l%shdld ie,iq wka;.;
l< hq;=jdla fukau ji iy m<d;a
md,k wdh;k wjYH f,i wkdjrKh
jk m%cd iyNd.s;ajfhka wlaIKh l<
yels b,lal ;sh hq;=hs'
9'242 ika k s f ok ndOl fya ; = f jka
ol=fKa ck;dj W;=r yd kef.kysr
m%foaYfha ck;djf.ka wE;a ishy'
cd;s h " wd.u fyda iudc ;;a ; a j h
fkdi,ld iEu mqrjeisfhla w;ru ;uka
tlsfkldg wh;ah hk yeSu we;slsug
iEu W;aiydhlau .; hq;=h' cd;shla
tlai;a fldg n|jd ;nkafka NdIdjhs'
tneka NdIdjka inkaO m%;sm;a;Ska
ieliSu fuu wruqK wrNhd l< hq;=hs'
ks, NdId m%;sm;a;sh l%shd;aul lsf
th wjfndaOh" O;ajh iy cd;sl
ta l dnoa O ;dj hq K q lrk M,odhS
wdldrhlska l%shd;aul l< hq;=hs'
9'243 mdi,a Ih ud,dj ;=< tlsfkldf.a
NdIdjka yeoeu wksjdh l< hq;h
= 's fuh
cd;Ska fol w;r wdl,ams; fjkila

NdId
m%;sm;a;sh
ms<sn| LLRC
ksfoaY
49

NdIduh
ndOl
fya;f= ldgf.k
W;=re
kef.kysr
ck;dj
yqol,du

ishu
fmd,sia ia:dk
oa NdId
l=i,;djh
iys;j 24
mehu fiajh
ie,ish
hq;h
= '
50

;yjqre l< yels uQ,sl fuj,ula h

yelsh's isxy, orejkag fou< b.ekau;a"
fou< orejkag isxy, b.ekau;a ;=<ska
tlsfkldf.a ixialD;Ska ms<sn| ukd
wjfndaOhla ,nd .ekSug yelsf'
9'244 NdId m%;m
s ;a;h
s fhda.H wdldrfhka
l% s h d;a u l ls u;a wkd.; mrmrdj
is x y," fou< iy bx.% S i s hk
ff;%NdIdjkaf.ka jHla; lsu;a b;d
jeo.;ah' ff;%NdId wOHdmkh orejkag
l=vd wjfha isgu tlsfkld wjfndO
lr .ekSug u mdokq ,nhs'
9'245 jir 2020 jk g ff;NdIsl
cd;shla ys lsug wdKavqj uq,msu
fldiu w.h lrhs' fuh h:d:hla
njg m;alr .ekSu i|yd wjYH .=rejreka
mqyqKq lsug iy Tjqka n|jd .ekSug
wjYH m%;smdok fjka lsu whjeh u.ska
m%uL
q wjYH;djhla f,i i,ld l< hq;h
= 's
9'246 lsis ia;%slalhla fyda m<d;la
NdIdj u; mokj j.SlrKh fkdl<
hq;=hs' rdcH fiajfha ks,Odkag rf
l=uk fldgil fyda fiajh l< yels
wdldrhg NdId fl!I,Hh ;sh hq;=hs'

9'247 iEu wdKa v q f ldhd,hlu

ieugu o< NdIdj l;d lrk
ks,Odka wksjdhfhka ish hq;=hs'
fmd,sia ia:dkhl k meh 24 uq,af,au
oa NdId Nd;d lrk ks,Odka fiajfha
fhh hq ; = h ' me,s l rejl= g ia j
leue;af;ka f;dard .kakd NdIdjlska
;ukaf.a m%ldYh ,nd f whs;sh ;sh
hq;=hs'
9'248 rdcH NdId fldiu fld<U k.rh
mdol fldgf.k flaka.; we;s w;r
thg .%dh jeishkag myiqfjka m%fY
h fkdyel' m%n, l%shd;aul lsf
n,hla iys ; wldhla njg NdId
fldiu m;ah hq;= w;r tys YdLdjka
iEu m<d;lu msysgqh hq;=h'
9'249 NdId ndOlh | fy<s h yels
fuj,ula f,i f;dr;=re ;dlaIKh
Wmfhda.S lr.;yels wdldrh fidhd
ne,Su i|yd uy;a wjOdkhla ,ndh
hq;=hs' f i|yd .=ld,Sk m%;sm;a;Ska
ykajdu iy l%shdud. .kakd f;la
tla NdIdjlska wfkla NdIdjg mj;k
lghq ; = is ls u i|yd m.Kl
uDldx.hka ;djld,sl iula f,i
fhdod.; yelsh'

f;dr;=re
ldlaIKh
ms<sn|j
wjOdkh
fhduq l<
hq;h
=
51

9'250 f inka O fhka " oa NdId

ola I ;djh we;s Y% d u,;a fmd,s i a
ks,Odka fhdojka fmd,sia ia:dkj,
mj;lhka
ia : dmkh
ls u
inka O fhka fldiu tys w;= r e
ksfoaYh fj; wjOdkh fhduq lsug
woyia lrhs'
wOHdmkh iudk wjia : d
9'251 tlai;a jQ Y%S ,xldjla ;=< isxy, yd
fou< cd;Ska w;r m%;sikaOdkh we;s
lsug k fjkia whqka i,l=Kq ,nk
njg we;s yeS u bj;a ls u mQ j
wjYH;djhls' O ck fldgiaj,g ,nd
fok ,o wOHdmk wjia : dj, ;s n Q
wiu;= , s ; ;djh ke;s ls ug rch
Okd;a u l l% s h doduhla f,i .;a
m%;slrKh lsu ykajdfuka miq
fndfyda l,la .; ;sf' tu ksid"
wkd.; mrmrdjka f .a iq n idOkh
wOHdmkh ,nd Wfoid" olaI;d u; mok jQ m%fY
.ekSug
l%uhla ykajdu wruqKq fldgf.k"
mj;sk
fuu fldagd l%uh fydka Yaf,aIKh
fjkial
ls u ldf,da ; jkq we;' tjka
bj;al<
Ya f ,a I Khla l< hq ; a f ;a wOHdmk
hq;h
=
lafIa;f
% ha m%Khkaf.ka ieKq lgqjla
iska ne fldiu ksfoaY lrhs'
52

9'252 wOHdmk myiql iudkd;aulj

fnKq jevigykla" wdKavqj kjH jQ
cjhlska mgka.; hq;= w;r th iq;rh
yg lsish fyda fkdie,lSf yeSula
we;s u wju lsf iduQyl
s m%h;akhlg
msjy,la jkq we;' oekg fhda;" 2011
jif isg m jHdma;j oa;Shsl mdi,a
oyila Wiia fYa.; lsf fhda;
ie,iqu" wiudkd;au;d wju lsug;a"
wjidkfha tajd r,Sug;a ;j;a wjia:djla
imhkq we;' fuu m%;sm;a;sh l%shdjg
kexh hq;af;a iudch ;=< mSvkhla iy
fn we;s fkdjk mh' fuu m%h;akh
id:l h yela f la fuu mdi,a
wmla I md;S Kq ;,hla u; iy
foaYmd,kfhka wE;a jQ f;dard .ekSula
u; ykd .;fyd;a mu' rf O
me;sj, ;sfnk wOHdmk myiqlj,
wiudkd;au;dj wju l< hq;= nj;a"
wjidkfha re l< hq;= nj;a fldiu
ksfoaY lrhs'
9'253 O ckjd.sl fukau wd.l
miq j,s k a mefKk orejka g
wOHdmkh imhk Y% mdi,a .kajk
il%Sh m%;sm;a;shla rchg ;sh hq;= njo
fldiu wjOdrKh lrhs ' f
inkaOfhka" fuu mdi,aj,g O

nyq NdId
wOHdmkh
mdie,aj,g
kej;
ykajdh
hq;h
=
53

ckjd.sl iy wd.l fldgiaj,ska

orejka we;=<;alsug myiql iemhSug
iqmlaIdldj ksudKh l< m%;m
s ;a;h
s la
wdKa v q j is k a jOkh l< hq ; = h '
mdi,aj,g we;=<;a lsf" ckjd.sl
fyda wd.l moku u; Ys I Hhka
kqiqiaika lsu m%;sikaOdkfha hym;a
fkdf' tjka kEu l%shdjla msgqoelsh
hq;=h'

YS% ,xldf
mj;sk
ixialD;sl
O;ajh
we.hSu;a
wjfndaO lr
.ekSu;a
m%jOkh
lsu
54

9'254 w.kd ixialD;sl O;ajh yd O

ck fldGdi inkaOfhka jQ wfkHdakH
wjfndaOh yd m%Yxidj mdi,a orejkaf.a
iy ;reKhkaf.a uki ;=<g ldjeoah
hq;= w;r tu.ska m%;sikaOdk l%shdoduh
rf iudc jHqyh ;=< fydka ia:dmkh
f' tu ksid" fldiu ksfoaY lrkafka"
O m<d;aj, mdi,a hq.< lsu" YsIH
yqjudre l%u iy mdi,aj, m%;sikaOdk
iudc we;s lsu jeks Wml%u yryd isiqka
w;r jvd fyd| wka ; in|;d
.ekah hq;= njhs'

idu wOHdmkh
9'255 m%K cd;Hka;r kS;sffhla
fldiu bfha idlaIs foka" tluq;n
= j
yd m%;sikaOdkh jOkh lsf idu
wOHdmkfha we;s jkdlu wjOdrKh
lr isfhah' Ih moaO;sfha l< yels
fjkial ms<sn|j fldi iNdf
woyia jd;dj ;=< i|yka fldg we;'
9'256 ff;%NdId m%;sm;a;shla l%shd;aul
lrkq jia yels ; dla rg O ck
fldGdij, YsIHhkag wka; in|;d
meje;aug iEu wjldYhlau ie,iSug
lghq;= fhh hq;=h' yels;dla m%dfhda.sl
f,i tlu mka;sh ;=< wka; in|;d
u;a l< hq;=h' flfia jqjo" fjk;a
NdIdjka f .ka Ihhka W.ka j k
wjia : djka y s Tjq k a j fjk;a mka ; s
ldurj,g fhduq l< yel'
9'257 ff;%NdIsl mdGud,d rdYshla f;dard
.ekSug we;s" ckjd.sl Y% jQ YsIH
m%cdjla isk fmd YajoHd, we;s
lsug mshjr .; hq;h
= ' uE;la olajd fmkS
.s h lreKla jQ f ha fndfyda fou<
l;dlrk YajoHd, isiqka W;=rg yd
kef.kys r g;a " is x y, l;dlrk
YajoHd, isik
q a ol=Kg;a iSudjk njhs'

iduh iy
tlai;aNdjh
i|yd jQ
wOHdmkh

oa;Sh iy
;D;Sh
ugf
wOHdmkh
,nk isxy,
iy fou<
YsIHhka w;r
wka;
l%shdld;ajh
m%jOkh
lsu
55

9'258 fldiu ork woyila k O

ck fldGdij, ks i q k a w;r
m%;sikaOdk l%shdoduhg wjYH wka; mqoa., in|;d jOkh lsug l%Svdj
bjy,a jk njhs' f woyi fmroe
lrf.k wka; m<d;a ugka l%Svd
W;aij meje;ah hq;= nj;a" fYaIfhkau
W;=r yd kef.kysr o we;=<;a jk m
rg mqrd o jeo.;a l%Svd ;r. meje;ah
hq;= nj;a fldiu ksfoaY lrhs'
LLRC jd;df by; Wmqgdla j,g
wod< ks CIkd;a u l woyia

cd;sl
taldnoaO;djh
m%jOkh
l<yels
wdldrfhka
b;sydih
ms<n
s |
fm<fmd;a
m%;fs YdaOkh
lsu
56

fuu Ih ms<sn|j LLRC jd;dj W!K

mQKh lsf wjYH;djhla mj;S th
lsf fYaIs; lau jkqfha Y%s ,dxlsl
cd;sh f.dv ke.Suhs' jHjia:df 13 jk
iy 16 jk ixfYdaOkhka NdId whs;Skag
inka;j m%udKj;ao@ tfia ke;sj
jHjia:df uQ,sl fjkila wjYHo @
nqoau;=ka iy Y%dl rdcH fiajlhska
we;=j is,a iudcfha N+ldj l=ulao@
fuu ldhkaf.ka fl ld,Sk iyk
ie,iS jka f ka fudkjdo@ fujeks
wka ; ld,S k ie,iq wks h ; f,i
.a.eiaiSu je<elau iy;sl lrkafka
flfiao@ uQ,l
s m%;i
s xialrKhka wdfoaYl
uska hgm;a u j<lajkafka flfiao@
cd;s h f.dv ke.S u i|yd wjYHjk

m%;sixialrK jevms<sfj,j, l%shdjg

keS u g iy ie,iq ls ug wmg
foaYmd,k wIaGdkhka ;sfo@
LLRC jd;df we;s wOHdmkh keue;s
ud;Dldj ms , s n |j we;s fldgfia
wOHdmkh ,eug we;s iudk wjia:djka
.ek wjOdkh fhduq lr we;' th .uka
.ka k d ud.h w;s Ys I a G h' kuq ; a
;jrg;a th bhg jOkh h hq;=j
we;' idu wOHdmkh kjQ ud;Dldf
la f jk fldgi ;j rg;a bhg
jOkh h hq;=h' tlau fyda fjkau
;S r Kh ls f Yd, YlH;djhla
b;sydih yd idys;Hh i;=j we;' YS%
,xldf mdie,aj, Nd;d jk b;sydih
ms<sn| fm<fmd;a we;=j b;sydih yd
idys;Hh fYaIfhkau b;sydifha isxy,
fou< in|;d ksrEmkh jk wdldrh
cd;sh fnod fjkalrk iajrEmhla .kS'
iuia:hla f,i YS% ,dxlslhskg
a TfnkajQ
foaY wdl%uKslhskf
a .a meKSu hkqfjka
i|yka lrka fYaI jQ wh isxy,fhda N+
mq;%fhda f,i yeka ug;a W;aidyhla
ord we;' wOHdmk wdh;k j, isxy,
idys;H Ih ksfoaYhka ys f;dard.;a
fou< iy uqia,s idys;H ksudkj,
uq,a lD;Ska fyda mj;s; lD;Ska we;=,;a
l< yelsh' wfkla w;g fou< idys;H

cd;sl
taldnoaO;djh
m%jOkh
l<yels m
idys;H
fm<fmd;a
iy
mj;k
lD;Ska
ykajdu

57

Ih ksfoaYhka ys f;dard.;a isxy,

idys;H ksudKj, uq,a lD;Ska fyda
mj;khka we;=,al< yelsh' f yryd
wfkHkH Yajdihla we.hSula jOkh
l< yelsh' we;af;kau ls%ia;shdksjre iy
uqia,sjre iska isxyf,ka iy fouf<ka
r; w;s YsIaG .Kfha idys;H ksudK
olskakg ,efnhs' ^fndfyda rg >
ld,Sk in|;djhka ksid fou< niska
fjd l.; yelsh' fuu ksudK mjd
Ih ksfoaYhg we;=<;a lr.; yelsf'
ckj. w;r tla i ;a N djh jOkh
lsug;a YS% ,dxflah foaYh f.dvke.Sug;a
idys ; H fhdod.ekS f W;a i dyhla
fkdue;s u lk.dgqjg lreKla f&

o<
ck;djf.a
fn!oaO
w;S;h iy
fn!oaO
W;aijhkays
yska uQ,hka
w.h lsu
58

rcfhka lsis .ekaulska f;drj mjd

YS% ,xldf O ckj. O wd. j,g
wh;a ck iuQyhka taldnoaO lsf ne
b;d m%n,h' wi,ajeis rgj,aj,g jvd
Tjqka fjkalrjk idOlhka b;d j,h
YS % ,xldf j;a j k is h m% O dk
ckiudchka w;r mq ,a f,i fmd
ixialD;sl wx.hka mj;S' tla W;aij
mj;ajkq ,ef' tfukau jhsk mqrd msy
s
mQ c kS h ia : dkj,g ks ; r f.dia
jka o kdudk lrkq ,ef' ks o iq k la
jYfhka fn!oaOhska iy yskajre h h

fjkial iys;j fmdah k iurkq ,ef'

is x y, fou< w;a wjq r e W;a i jh
fn!oaOhska iy yskajre iska muKla
fkdj ls%ia;shdks iy uqia,s ksfjiaj,
o w;a wjqre mj;ajkq ,ef' YS% mdoh"
l;r.u" uvq foajia:dkh jeks O
mQckSh ia:dk fn!oaOhska" yskajreka
ls%ia;shdks ne;su;=ka iy uqia,sjre ;u
wd.l j;dj;a bgq ls u i|yd yd
ksoyfia tlsfkld iu Y%j .ejfik
ia:dkhkaf' fndfyda fn!oaO mQckSh
ia:dkj, fmryerj, fukau fjk;a
O W;aij j, o IaKq iy mdj;s
jeks yska fojre jkaokdudk lsu
isf' fndfyda ls%ia;shdks foajia:dkj,
w;a ud,sfha wdldr j,ska isxy, fou<
w;a wjqre W;aij mj;ajkq ,ef' wd.
w;r wka; inehdjka flfrys wleue;s
we;e mgq wd.l woyia ork wh fuu
kj im%odhhkag reoaO h yelsh'
tfy;a tjeks fjkia jQ wd.l m%;sm;a;s
ye neKq taldnoaO W;aidyhka YS% ,dxflah
cd;s l tluq ; = j la i|yd ks i elju
odhlf' m%n,h' foaj Ou jdohg jvd
ixialD;sl jYfhka fndfyda ls%ia;shdks
W;aij ^k;a;,a" Biag" iy wiajekak
fk,Sf W;aij we;=j& meje;afjk
ld,h fyda W;aijfha iajNdjhg fyda wkqj

isxy, o<
ck;dj w;r
mj;sk
ixialD;sl
idys;H iy
wd.l
uQ,hka iq,N
lsu
59

tajdfha mQj lsi

% ;
a h
s dks uQ,hkaf.ka fjka
l< fkdyels njo wmf.a wjOdkhg
,lah hq;=h' tjeks W;aij hqfrdamfha
iy W;=re wms%ldf ls%ia;shdks fkdjk
uQ , dY% h ka f .ka ,nd.;a wx.hka f .ka
fmdaIKh ,nd idm%odhsl f,i iurk
ls%ia;shdks wd.lhka yg tjeks wx.hka
wdishdfjka ,nd.ekSug reoaOh yelso@

fmd W;aij
taldnoaOj
meje;aug;a
fmd mQckSh
ia:dk tlg
jkaokdudk
lsug;a
.ekau
60

fndfyda wvq f jka u;fNa o d;a u l jk

fjk;a fCIa;% o ;sf' ol=Kq bkahdf
nqoyu ^Buddhism in South India) kka
YsIaG .%ka:hla mQcH Our;ak yshka
iska m,fldg we;' wdikak jYfhka
wjqre 2000 lg fmr ol=Kq bkahdf
fYaIfhka fou< m%cdj w;r mej;=kq
m%Odk wd. jQfha fn!oaO Ouh;a ffck
Ouh;a nj fuu l=vd fmd;a msxp ikd:
lrhs' fuu l=vd fmd;a msxp NdId ;=fkkau
ishu mdie,a mqia;ld, j,g ,ndh
hq;=f' wjdikdjlg fujeks f;dr;=re
mq,a wdldrfhka m%p,s; ke;' wd.ka;=l
wo o, ck;dj ;ukag yd foaYSh
wd.ula f,i fn!oaO Ouh i,l;s'
we;af;kau YS% ,xldf nqoyu me;sug
fmr th ol=Kq bkahdf me;s mej;sks'
YS% ,xldj .sKsfldk. iy kef.kysr
wdishdf O rgj,a j, b;du uq,a
ld,fha fn!oaO wd.l Ou m%pdrfha
kshe,s isfha fou< NsCIqkah' kd,kaod

Ya j oHd,fha ^hq f rda m fha mj;s k

fm!rdKs l u Ya j oHd,hka g jvd
fndfyda merKs jQ fuu Yaj oHd,h
Tlaia* iy fla% Yaj oHd,
msyg
s
q ug ishjia .kkdjlg fmr kdY
lrk ,& m%OdkSka bkahdf O m%foaY
is,mam.dr"
j,ska meK f;am;ajQ whjQy' jvd;au
uksfl,dj"
m% i s o a O kdhlhs k a fom, ;,a k dvq
;srelal=r,a
m% d ka ; fha whjQ y ' YS % ,xldf mej;S
jeks o<
merKsu ckdjdi j,ska lsysmhla" Wod(
Ydia;h
%S
,am;a;=f ;sfnk fmdmmamq wdikak
idys;H lD;s
jYfhka wjqre 2000lg fmr ;,a kdvq
isxy, NdIdjg
m%dka;fha fn!oaO m%cdjf.ka mej; ta'
mj;kh
fujeks i;H f;dr;=re mq,a jYfhka
lrka o
me;sru hym;a fkdjkafka o@
udka
jir 2000lg fmr ksudKh jQ uyd l%uisxy jeks
fY%I
a G
a
ldjHhla j Q z zis , ma m ldrZZ kjQ
f,aLlhkaf.a
.%ka:hla we;' fuh rpkd lf<a m%k
idys;HOrhl= jQ fou< cd;sl ffck isxy, idys;H
lD;s o<
wd.l NsCIqjls' tfukau zzuksfl,dZZ
nig;a
.%ka:h .ksuq ^fuh rpkd lrk ,oafoa
mj;kh
fou< fn!oaO idys;HOrfhl=jQ fou<
lrka o
fn!oaO NsCIqjla isks' we;af;kau uq,a
mdi,a fm<
ldjH.% k a : fha fldgila f,i fuh fmd;a ksfoaY
i,lkq ,ef' uksfl,d ldjHh fn!oaO j,g we;=,;a
NsCIqkshlf.a l;d jia;=jla f' l,ska
l< hq;=h
i|yka l< is,mamldr kue;s lD;sfha'
l:d kdhsldjf.a ^m;a;sks foah& {d;s
61

cd;sl iu.sh
fukau
wfkHdkH
f.!rjh
m%jOkh
lrk
wdldrfhka
fm< fmd;a
m%;fs YdaOkh
lsu
62

hkshls' uksfl,dj YS% ,xldj iu.

.eUqka ne we;s lD;shla f' fpda, rc
l=url=f.a wkjYH n,mEfuka fu
i|yd uksfl,dj YS% ,xldjg meKshdh'
is,mamldr iy uksfl,dj fukau
;srelal=r,a .%ka:fha isxy, mj;kh
wOHdmk wdh;k j, isxy, idys;H Ih
ksfoaYhg we;=<;a h hq;h
= ' wfkla w;g
udka l%uisxy jeks mq,a laula iys;
fY%aIaG f,aLlhkaf.a lD;s ksudk fou<
idys;H IhOdrdjg we;=<;a jkafka k
YS% ,dxflah cd;sh f.dvke.Sug fjd
ufyda m ld jkq we;' mdie,a fmd;a
ks foa Y ilia l rka k ka ;u m% u q L ;d
ks i s h dldrfhka kej; ilid .ekS u
w;HjYH jQjls' rdcH NdId m%;sm;a;s mjd
kej; kjHlrKhlg ,la lsu ,la
lsu b;d jeo.;a jkafka h'

Y%S ,xldf fou< NdId

whs;j
s disl
IV jk mfoh

udOH N+ldj

YS % ,xldf NdId( cd;s l tla i ;a n j

i|yd jHjia : djla
iuyr rgj,a m%Odk jYfhka tla NdIdjla
l:dlrk tajdh' we;e g h iSudjkag
hg;a j tx.,ka ; h" cmdkh" m% x Yh"
cuksh yd ;dhs,ka;h jeks rgj,a o
fuu j.hg we;=<;a lrkakg mqjk'
we;e rgj,a m%Odk jYfhka oa NdIsl
jk w;r tajd o we;e iSudjkag hg;a f'
fuu m%j.hg Y%S ,xldj" iafld,ka;h"
fn,ahu yd iamd[a[h we;=<;a lrkakg
mqjk' wfkl=;a fndyda rgj,a meye,s
f,iu nyq NdIsl h' bkahdj" ol=Kq
wms%ldj yd merKs fidah ix.uh fuu
m%j.hg wod< iNdjH ksoYk h' Tf
j.S l rKh i|yd" Tn b;s y difha
fldf;la wdmiaig hkafka o hkak u;
muKla fkdj NdId ldKavhla fl;r
Yd, h hq;= o yd Tf wjOdkh kd
.ekSug NdIdj ixjOkh we;af;a
flfia o hkak u; o /f|k neka fuu

ff;% NdId
m%;sm;a;shla
lrd .uka
lrk
oa NdIsl
YS% ,xldj
63

ksjpk fkdu. hjkiq h yels h'

ksoiqka f,i mD f.da,h u; is
is k f.da ; % s l m% c djka f .a wfka l O
NdIdjkaf.ka ie,ls,a,g f.k we;af;a
fldal o@ wfma ksjpkh l=ula jqj o
wfma ieiu oYlfhka oYlhg fjkia
jkq we;' kj Wm NdId ilia fjka
mj;sk w;r iuyr merKs tajd wNdjhg
m;a fjka we;' we;e g Wm NdId
lSmhla fYaIs; NdId f,i ms<s.kq
,ef ls%hdj,shla Tiafia .uka lrka
;sfnk w;r NdId lsysmhla oeka tajdfha
Nd;h yS k u Tia f ia we;e g
wNdjhg m;ah yels hhs ms<s .kq ,ef'

bkahdf
cd;sl
tlai;aNdjh
rlsk ff;%
NdId iQ;h
%
64

iyY% jI ld,hla mq r d tjeks

ixjOkhka isj we;af;a jqj o kQ;k
udOHh ikaksfokh fuka u ;r.h
myiq l rKh Tia f ia ls % h dj,s h ;= <
fjkial ykajd foka ;sf' tla
w;lska udOHh ;=<ska fYaIs; NdIdjl
ixrlaIKh yd jHdma;sh wNsjDoahla
,nkakg mqjk' wfkla w;ska udOHh
tys ;r.lrejka m%jOkh l< yels w;r
we;e NdIdjka f .a wNdjh lk
lrkakg mqjk' fuf,i bx.%Sis NdIdj
f,dalh mqrd jOkh fjka hqKqj w;a
lr .ks ka mj;S ' we;e l,dmj,
l,dmSh jYfhka m%uqL NdIdj jOkh

fjka hqKqj w;a lr .kS' ksoiqka f,i

kfha yd isx.mamQref ks, k NdIdj
^uekavka& l=vd lKavdh iska Nd;
lrkq ,nk m%dfoaYSh NdIdj, meje;au
wk;=rg fy,ka me;sf' tfia jqj o
udOHh iska m%dfoaYSh NdId lsysmhlg
fkdkeiS mej;Sug yd ;yjqre ug wdOdr
lrkq ,en ;sf'
ks o yfika miq bka hdj jydu iEu
;eklu m%uqL NdIdj f,i yska NdIdj
fhdod .ekSug m%h;ak orka lghq;=
wdrN lf<a h' fuu uq , ms r eug
fYa I fhka ol= K q bka hdfjka oe
frdaOhlg uqyqK mEug is h' tfia u
ngysr fnx.d,h jeks fjk;a m%dka;
rdcHhkays o Bg frdaOh u;= h' m%;sM,
jYfhka bkahdj oeka ms<s f.k ;sfnk
;s% NdId iQ;%h tk yska" bx.S%is yd
wfkl= ; a cd;s l NdIdjka f .ka tlla
Nd;d ls f iQ ; % h ms < s .;s ' f
NdIdjka f .ka l= u k fyda NdIdjla
mdi,aj, b.ekaf udOH f,i o l=uk
fyda NdIdjla fYaI;
s m%foaYj, mmd,k
NdIdj f,i yd jd;d ;ef NdIdj
f,i o kuH;djhlska hq;=j Nd;d l<
yels h' fuu iQ;%h fydka ls%hdjg
ke.=Kq w;r ienkau NdId u; mokjQ
ler,s flda,dy, ke;sj hdu o nyq NdIsl

wOHdmkh
fCIa;%fhys
bx.Si
% s
jefhka
Nd;d lsu
65

bx.Si
% s
W.ekau

bx.Si
% s
NdIdfjka
O
Ihhka
b.ekaug
iqiql ,;a
.=rejre iy
bx.Si
% s
.=rejre
fldka;%d;a
mokula u;
n|jd.ekau
66

m%K;dj l%udkql+,j ;yjqre u o is

h' fYaIfhkau bx.%Sis Nd;h jHdma;
jkakg h'
YS% ,xldfjys bf.kSf udOHh f,i yd
fYaIs; m%foaYj, mmd,k yd jd;d
;nd .ekS f udOHh f,i ks i s
kuH;djhlska hq;=j isxy," fou< yd
bx.S%is Nd;d lsf ;s% NdId m%;sm;a;sh
fhda.H jkq we;' oa;Shsl mdi,a$Wiia
mdi,a$;D;Shsl wOHdmkh hk tajdfha
bf.kSf udOHh f,i fjk;a NdIdjlg
^bx.S%is jvd fyd|h& udref l,amh
we;s m%d:l mdif,ys bf.kSf udOHh
f,i u NdIdj ^foaYSh NdIdj& Nd;d
lsug fyd| wOHdmksl fya;= ;sf'
oHdj mok lr .;a Odrdjkays yd fjk;a
iuyr lafIa;%j, oa;Shsl mdi,a$Wiia
mdi,aj, yels ;dla blaukska bx.S%ishg
udref o tf,iu ;D;Shsl wOHdmkh
bx.S%isfhka h yels nj iy;sl lsf o
fYaI jdis ;sf' fuh fYaIfhka fufia
jkq we;af;a we;e wOHhk fCIa;%hka ys
Nd;d lrk fndfyda mdNdIsl jpk o
kj oekqfuka je yhla o .,d hkafka
bx.S%isfhka jk ksid h' mdG .%ka:j,
fhda.H mj;kj, wvqj isxyf,ka fyda
fouf<ka ;D;Shsl wOHdmkh lr f.k
hk whg ndOlhla h yels h' ;j o

bx.S%ish NdIdfjys ukd oekqu lafIa;%

.Kkdjl jefvk wjYH;djla jk foia
nqoau;=ka iu. wka; ls%hdld;ajh
myiq lrkq we;'
mdi,aj, bx.%Sis udOHh m,odhS f,i
Nd;d lsfuys,d m%Odk m%Yakh jkafka
bx.S % i s NdIdj b.eka fuys iu;a
.=rejrekaf.a ys`.h hs' fl ld, iSudjka
i|yd iuyr bx.S%is udOH yd bx.S%is NdId
.=rejreka foaYj,ska f.kajd .ekSu
wjYH h yels h' msjeh idOlh we;=j
fya ; = .Kkdjla ks i d wmg tjeks
.= r ejreka f .ka
je fofkla u
bkahdfjka n|jd .ekSug is h yels
h' tfia u tlai;a rdcOdksh" iaf%,h
s dj"
kjiS,ka;h" wefuld tlai;a ckmoh
yd lekvdj jeks bx.S%is l;d lrk
rgj,ska tjeks .=rejreka iq ixLHdjla
n|jd .; yels h' tfia u foaY.; YS%
,dxlSh m%cdjf.ka o wmgh m%udKhla
n|jd .kakg mqjk' wfma ck jd.sl
.egqu ifuys,d m%.;shla isjkafka
k fuh jvd myiq yd jvd fydka
ls%hd;aul l< yels jkq we;'
iyY% follg wl b;sydihlg fjk
fmdfydi;a Ydia ; S % h Wreuhla iys ;
fnfyka W.;a oY ,la I .Kkl
ck;djka iska l;d lrkq ,nk isxy,

nyq NdIsl
udOH mdie,a
weug
myiql
ie,iSu ;=<ska
ff;% NdIsl
ksmqK;djh
m%jOkh
lrka
ckjd.sl
lKavdh
w;r tlai;a
Ndjhla we;s
lsu
67

mdi,aj, iy
irij, nyq
ydIsl;ajh
m%jOkh
lsu
68

yd fou< hk NdId folu ukdj

ixj; NdId folls ' ;j o is x y,
NdIdj YS% ,xldf m%Odk rdcH yd cd;sl
NdIdj f,i o fou< NdIdj o ks, yd
cd;sl NdIdjla f,i o jHjia:dms;j
iqrlaIs; lrkq ,en ;sf' tfiau fou<
NdIdj bkahdf cd;sl yd rdcH NdIdjla
o isx.mamQref rdcH NdIdjla o jk w;r
uef,aishdf yd fjk;a fndfyda rgj,
oY ,laI .Kka ckhd mq,a f,i Nd;d
lrk NdIdjla f' mj;akd ;;a;ajhka
;=< f NdId foflau wkd.;h iy;sl
we;' bx.S%ish o jhsk mqrd jHdma;
fjka mj;s k w;r inka lrK
NdIdjla f,i oeka jHjia:dkql+,j ms<s
.kq ,en we;' wm l< hq;=j ;sfnk foh
jkafka YS% ,xldfjys fuu NdId ;=fkys
Nd;h yd ixjOkh myiqlrKh lsu
yd tajdfha wka; lsh
% dld;ajfhka Wmu
iudc yd ixialD;sl m%;s,dNh Wlyd
.ekSu h' jir fooyilg wl ld,hla
mqrd Nd;fha mej;s cd;sl NdId foflys
fmdfydi;a Wreuh o bx.Sisfhys iqYsIag
jkdlu o fuu rf iuia; ck;djf.a
hym; i|yd Wlyd .; hq;= h'
bx.S % i s NdId hq g o meye,s j u
bf.kSf udOHhla f,i bx.S%ish f;dard

.ekSu myiqlrKh i|yd je jYfhka

msysgqjk ,o cd;Hka;r mdi,a o nyq,
u u.ska fmkakqlr we;s m bx.S%is
Nd;hg ;snQ m%;sfrdaOh Yd, jYfhka
wvq f.dia ;sf' fou< NdIdf Nd;hg
wod< we;e m%Yak yd isxy, yd fou<
NdIdjka Nd;h yd wod< we;e fhdackd
II mfaofha ixlaIsma;j olajd ;sf'
ksfoaYs; m%;sixialrK ls%h;aul lsu
wjYH h' ih hq;=j ;sfnk wfkl=;a
yis m%Yak yd wjYH lrk jeuk;a
m%;sixialrK fudkjd o@
im%odhsl jYfhka .;a l, ckjd.sl
jYfhka Y% m%foaYj, mdi,a O ck
j.hka g wh;a ;reK ckhd tlg
uqiqjk yd l,a mj;akd inkaO;d f.dv
k.d .kakd wdh;k njg m;aj ;sf'
fuh myiq l rKh lrkq ,enq f tu
m%foaYj, fndfyda mdi,a ck jd.sl
jYfhka iYs%;j ;su u.sks' 1956
tlu rdcH NdIdj njg isxy, NdIdj
m;a f o fYaIfhka isxy, yd fou<
NdIdjka u.s k a bx.s % i s h mdi,a j ,
bf.kSf udOHh f,i ;eka lsf isg
yd wk;=rej uqia,s mdi,a hk ;=kajk
j.hla ykajd fuka fuu ckjd.sl
m%j.hka ;=k je jefhka yqol,d njg

Wiia
wOHdmkhg
yd
/lshdj,g
n|jd .ekSf
nyq NdIsl
yelshdjka
we;s whg
je jdishla
ie,fik
l%ufohka
ilial<
hq;h
= '
69

nyq NdIsl
YS% ,xldjla
lrd .uka
lsu

fjk;a
m%foaYj,
msys
mdie,aj,
;;ajhg j;=
mdie,aj,
;;a;ajh
kd isg
q u
70

m;aj ;sf' g l,ska mjd je,s m%foaYj,

lrg fou< ckhd i|yd jQ j;= mdi,a
tu fou< ckhd yqol,d lsug odhl
we;' t;eka mgka h:d:lrKfha
m,m%fhdack ;ld oa mdi,a tla NdIdjla
njg fjka lsu u.ska oa NdId mdi,a
.Kk Yd, jYfhka wvq lr ;sf'
wjfYaI mdi,a ;=< mjd isiqka NdIduh
Odrdjkag fnokq ,ef' Wiia ugf
ls % i a ; s h dks mdi,a ia j ,a m hla muKla
NdIduh fjkalsu fkdje<lah yels
Ihhkays yer mx;s Y%j mj;ajd .ekSu
u.s k a tjeks fnulg tfrys j wO
jYfhka m%;spdr olajd ;sf' we;e
mdi,aj, Ihhka y;rla ^tu Ihhka
y;f mx;s ;= < is x y, yd fou<
Odrdjkaf.a isik
q a Y% lrka& bx.Si
% f
s hka
b.ekaug wjldY i,ikq ,nk ;%;j
a
uq , ms r eu ie,iq lr we;a f ;a O
ckj.hkag wh;a isik
q a w;r ;%;j
a h
fia u bx.S%is m%K;dj o m%jOkh lsu
i|yd h' tfy;a iuia;hla jYfhka .;a
l, fjka fjka NdIduh$jd.s l uh
Odrdjkag fnu u.ska >ld,Skj yd
cd;sl;aj" iudc" wdl yd foaYmd,k
iud.uhg
n,mdk
ckjd.s l
O%elrKhg odhl h yels h'

YS% ,xldf tla NdIdjlska fndfyda /ia

mj;ajkq ,nkqfha we;e g mj;k
fiajd iemhSu wl ho iys; ksid
iy fjfyilr ksid h yels h' nyq;rh
bx.%Sis l;d lrkq ,nkafka k th tu
NdIdfjka l< yels h' je jYfhkau
fndfyda /ia mj;ajkq ,nkafka" m%Odk
jYfhkau fou< l;d lrk m%foaYj,
yer ^tajdfha tajd fouf<ka meje;a h
yels h&" isxy, NdIdfjks' fld<U jeks
m%Odk k.rj, fndfyda /ia mj;ajkq
,nka f ka fou< muKla l;d lrk
we;e wh ish mjd bx.Sisfhka yd
is x yf,ks ' f is h ,a , ck jd.s l
wukdml yd O%elrKhg odhl fjhs'
wm nyq NdIduh cd;shla njg m;a jkafka
k mj;k wjYH;dfjka f;drj NdId
;=fkkau /ia meje;ah yels neka
fuh m%Yakhla fkdjkq we;'
ksis rdcH yd is,a iudc wkq.%yh iys;
mdi,a j ,g NdId ;= k u b.eka fuka
muKla fkdj fhda.H m rpkd" ll
yd jdo ;r. meje;au u.ska o nyq
NdISh m%k;djh i|yd ;Hd. mskeu
u.ska o oa NdISh yd ff;% NdISh m%k;dj
m% j Okh ls fuys , d ;S r K;a u l
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ISBN: 978-955-1655-84-6

ISBN: 978-955-1655-84-6