Structured Query Language (SQL)

Structured Query Language (SQL)

Data Definition Language (DDL) Data Manipulation Language (DML) Data Retrieval (Query)

Types of SQL Statement

SELECT Date Retrieval INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE DML CREATE/ALTER/DROP DDL COMMIT/ROLLBACK Transaction Control GRANT/REVOKE Control

SQL Statements SELECT FROM WHERE ORDER BY Example <SELECT LIST> <TABLE LIST> <CONDITIONS FOR RETREIVAL> <SORT CRITERIA>

SELECT FROM WHERE ORDER BY

EMPNO
8756 5349

empno, ename, job, sal emp sal>2500 job, ename

ENAME
KING EDWARD

JOB
PRESIDENT MANAGER

SAL
8000 4500

SIMPLE SELECT STATEMENTS SELECT EMPNO,ENAME, JOB FROM EMP; SELECT * FROM EMP; SELECT DISTINCT DEPTNO FROM EMP; SELECT EMPNO, SAL*12 FROM EMP; SELECT EMPNO, SAL*12 + COMM FROM EMP; SELECT EMPNO, SAL*12 ANSAL FROM EMP;

WHERE CLAUSE
SELECT EMPNO, ENAME, JOB, DEPTNO FROM EMP WHERE DEPTNO = 10; SELECT EMPNO, ENAME, JOB, SAL FROM EMP WHERE SAL >1400; SELECT EMPNO, ENAME, JOB, SAL FROM EMP WHERE SAL BETWEEN 1400 AND 2500;

WHERE CLAUSE
SELECT EMPNO, ENAME, JOB, DEPTNO FROM EMP WHERE JOB = PRESIDENT; SELECT EMPNO, ENAME, JOB, SAL FROM EMP WHERE JOB LIKE MAN*; SELECT EMPNO, ENAME, JOB, SAL FROM EMP WHERE JOB LIKE ?????;

WHERE CLAUSE
SELECT EMPNO, ENAME, JOB, DEPTNO FROM EMP WHERE JOB = MANAGER OR JOB = PRESIDENT; SELECT EMPNO, ENAME, JOB, SAL FROM EMP WHERE COMM IS NULL;

SORTING
SELECT EMPNO, JOB, SAL FROM EMP ORDER BY ENAME; SELECT ENAME, JOB, SAL FROM EMP ORDER BY DEPTNO,ENAME; COUNTING

SELECT COUNT(*) FROM EMP; SELECT COUNT (EMPNO) FROM EMP;

JOIN
SELECT ENAME, DNAME FROM EMP, DEPT WHERE EMP.DEPTNO = DEPT.DEPTNO; SUBQUERY

SELECT ENAME, JOB, SAL, COMM FROM EMP WHERE DEPTNO = (SELECT DEPTNO FROM DEPT WHERE LOC=CHICAGO);