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4. TRANSFORMATIONS
1. ( ) ( ) 2sin cos sin sin A B A B A B = + +
2. ( ) ( ) 2cos sin sin sin A B A B A B = +
3. ( ) ( ) 2cos cos cos cos A B A B A B = + +
4. ( ) ( ) 2sin sin cos cos A B A B A B = +
5. sin sin 2sin cos
2 2
C D C D
C D
+
+ =



6. sin sin 2cos sin
2 2
C D C D
C D
+
=



7. cos cos 2cos cos
2 2
C D C D
C D
+
+ =



8. 2
2 2
+
=


C D C D
cosC cos D Sin Sin

VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
1. Prove that
0 0 0
sin50 sin70 sin10 0 + =
Solution:

0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
50 70 50 70
sin50 sin 70 sin10 2cos sin sin10
2 2
+
+ = +




( )
0 0 0
2cos60 sin 10 sin10 = +
2 =
1
2

0 0 0
sin10 sin10 sin10 + =
0
sin10 + 0 =


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2. Prove that
0 0
0 0
sin 70 cos 40 1
cos50 sin 20 3

0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
sin70 cos40 sin70 sin50 2
cos50 sin20 cos50 cos70

= =

0 0
cos60 .sin10
2
0 0
1
sin60 .sin10 3
=
3. Prove that
0 0 0
cos55 cos 65 cos175 0 + + =
Solution :

( )
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
55 65 55 65
cos55 cos 65 cos125 2cos . cos cos 180 5
2 2
+ +
+ + = +




0 0 0
2cos 60 .cos 5 cos 5 2 = =
1
2

0 0
cos 5 cos 5 0 =
4. Prove that
{ }
0 0
4 cos 66 sin84 3 5 + = +
Solution:

{ } { }{ }
0 0 0 0 0 0
4 cos 66 sin80 4 cos 66 cos 66 sin84 cos 66 + = + =

{ }
0 0
4 2cos 36 . cos 30 8 = =
5 1
4
+ 3
2




3 15 = +
5. Prove that
0 0 0 0
3 1
cos 20 .cos 40 sin 3 sin 25
4
+
=
Solution:

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1
cos 20 cos 40 sin5 sin 25 2cos 20 cos 40 2sin 25 sin5
2
=



0
1
cos 60 cos
2
+
( )
0
20 cos
0 0
1 1 3 3 1
20 cos 30
2 2 2 4
|
+

+ = + =


\ .




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6. Prove that
0 0
3 5
cos 48 cos12
8
+
=
Solution:

{ } { }
0 0 0 0 0 0
1 1
cos 48 cos12 2cos 48 cos12 cos60 cos36
2 2
= + = +

1 1 5 1 2 5 1 5 3
2 2 4 8 8

+ + + +
+ = =




7. Prove that
0 0 0 0
1
cos12 cos84 cos132 cos156
2
+ + + =
Solution:
LHS
( ) ( )
0 0 0 0
cos12 cos132 cos84 cos156 = + + +

0 0 0 0
2cos 72 cos 60 2cos120 . cos36 = +

5 1 1 1 5 1
2 2
4 2 2 4

+
=







5 1 5 1 1
4 2

= =
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
1. Prove that
( ) ( )
0 0
cos cos 120 cos 240 0 + + + + =
Solution:

( ) ( )
0 0
0 0
120 240
cos cos 120 cos 240 cos 2cos
2


+ +
+ + = +




0 0
120 240
cos
2
+




( ) ( )
0 0
1
cos 2 cos 180 cos 60 cos 2 cos
2
= + + =
cos cos 0 = =
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2. Prove that
( ) ( ) ( )
2 0 2 0 2 0
1
sin 45 sin 15 sin 15
2
+ + =
Solution:

( ) ( ) ( )
2 0 2 0 2 0
sin 45 sin 15 sin 15 + +

( )
( ) ( )
0
0 0 0
1 cos 2 45
sin 15 15 . sin 15 15
2

= + + + + +

( )
( )
0
0
1 cos 90 2
sin 2 sin30
2

= +

1 1 1 1
sin 2 sin 2
2 2 2 2
= + =
3. If
1
sin sin
4
x y + = and
1
cos cos
3
x y + = then show that
(i)
3
tan
2 4
x y +
=


(ii) ( )
7
cot
24
x y + =
Solution:

1
2sin cos
sin sin 3 4 2 2
1 cos cos 4
2cos cos
3 2 2
x y x y
x y
x y x y x y
+

+

= =
+ +




3
tan
2 4
x y +
=



( )
2
2
9
1 tan
1
16 9 7 2
16
cos
9
16 9 25
1 1 tan
16 2
x y
x y
x y
+

+ = = = =
+ +
+ +



( )
2 9
1 tan
1
16 9 7 2
16
cot
3 3
24
2 16 2
2tan
4 4
2
x y
x y
x y
+

+ = = = =
+




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4. Prove that
( ) ( )
0 0
4cos 2
cot 15 tan 15
1 2sin 2
A
A A
A
+ + =

Solution:
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
0 0
0 0
0 0
cos 15 sin 15
cot 15 tan 15
sin 15 cos 15
A A
A A
A A
+
+ + = +
+


( )( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
0 0 0 0
0 0
cos 15 cos15 sin 15 . sin 15
sin 15 cos 15
A A A A
A A
+ + +
+


( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0
2cos 15 15
2cos 2
2cos 15 sin 15 sin 15 15 sin 15 15
A A
A
A A A A A A
+ +
=
+ + + + +


2cos 2 4cos 2
1
1 2sin 2
sin 2
2
A A
A
A
= =

5. Prove that
0 0 0 0
4cos12 cos 48 cos 72 cos36 =
Solution:
LHS
0 0 0
4cos12 cos 48 cos 72

( ) ( )
0 0 0 0
4cos12 cos 60 12 cos 60 12 +

{ } ( ) ( ) { }
0 2 0 2 0 2 2
4cos12 cos 12 sin 60 cos cos cos sin A B A B B A + =

{ }
0 2 0 3 0 0 0
3 4
4cos12 cos 12 4cos 12 3cos12 cos 36
4 4

= =



II Method

{ }
0 0 0
2cos12 cos 48 cos 72

{ }
0 0 0 0 0 0
cos 60 cos 36 2cos 72 cos 72 2cos 72 cos 36 + = +

0 0 0
cos 72 cos108 cos36 = + +

( ) ( )
0 0 0 0 0
cos 90 18 cos 90 18 cos36 = + + +

0 0 0
sin18 sin18 cos36 RHS = + =
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6. Prove that
0 0 0 0 0 0
sin10 sin 20 sin 40 sin50 sin 70 sin80 + + + = +
Solution:

( ) ( )
0 0 0 0
sin10 sin50 sin 20 sin 40 + + +

0 0 0 0
2sin30 . cos 20 2sin30 . cos10 +

0 0 0 0
cos 20 cos10 sin 70 sin80 + = +
0 0
0 0
cos 20 sin 70
cos10 sin80
=


=

7. If sin sin x y a + = and cos cos x y b + = find the values of
(i) tan
2
x y +


(ii) sin
2
x y



Solution:

2sin cos
sin sin 2 2
cos cos
2cos cos
2 2
x y x y
x y a a
x y x y x y b b
+

+

= =
+ +



tan
2
x y a
b
+
=



( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
sin sin cos cos x y x y a b + + + = +

2 2 2 2 2 2
sin sin 2sin sin cos cos 2cos cos x y x y x y x y a b + + + + + = +

( ) ( ) { }
2 2 2 2 2 2
sin cos sin cos 2 cos cos sin sin x x y y x y x y a b + + + + + + = +

( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
2
1 1 2 cos cos
2
a b
x y a b x y
+
+ + = + =

2 2
1 cos
4 2
2 2 4

= =


x y
x y a b
Sin


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8. Prove that
( )
( )
1 cos cos cos
tan cot
1 cos cos cos 2 2
A B A B
A B
A B A B
+ +
=
+ +

Solution:

( )
( )
( ) { } { }
( ) { } { }
1 cos cos cos 1 cos cos cos
1 cos cos cos 1 cos cos cos
A B A B A B A B
A B A B A B A B
+ + +
=
+ + + +


2 2
2
2sin sin sin 2sin 2sin sin
2 2 2 2 2 2
2sin 2 sin sin 2sin sin sin
2 2 2 2 2 2
A B A B A B A B A B A B
A B A B A B A B A B A B
+ + + | | | | | | + + | | | | | |
+ + `
| | | | | |
\ . \ . \ . \ . \ . \ . )
=
+ + | | | | | | + + | | | | | |

` | | | | | |
\ . \ . \ . \ . \ . \ . )
2sin cos
2 2
tan cot
2 2
2cos sin
2 2
A B
A B
A B
=
LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS
1. If
4 2
cos cos cos cos
5 7
x y and x y + = = then find the value of
14 tan 5cot
2 2
x y x y +
+



Solution:

2
4
2cos cos
cos cos 4 7 2 2 5
2 cos cos 5 2
2sin sin
5 2 2
x y x y
x y
x y x y x y
+

+

= =
+

cot
14 2
5cot 14tan
5 2 2
tan
2
x y
x y x y
x y
+

= =





14 tan 5cot 0
2 2
x y x y +
+ =




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2. Prove that
cos cos sin sin
2cos
sin sin cos cos 2
n n
n
A B A B A B
A B A B
+ +
+ =




0 = if n is odd
Solution:
cos cos sin sin
sin sin cos cos
n n
A B A B
A B A B
+ +
+





2 cos cos 2sin cos
2 2 2 2
2 cos sin 2sin . sin
2 2 2 2
n n
A B A B A B A B
A B A B A B A B
+ + | | | | | | | |
| | | |

\ . \ . \ . \ .
+
` `
+ + | | | | | | | |

| | | |

\ . \ . \ . \ . ) )

cot cot
2 2
n n
A B A B } }
+
` `
] ]
\ . \ .
) )

If n is even cot cot
2 2
n
n
A B A B | |
=
`
| |
\ . \ . )


2
cot cot 2cot
2 2 2
n n
A B A B A B | | |
+ =
` `
| | |
\ . \ . \ . ) )

If n is odd cot cot
2 2
n
n
A B A B
=



cot cot 0
2 2
n
n
A B A B
+ =



3. If sin sin A B = and cos cos A B = then prove that 2 A n B = + for some integer
Solution:
sin sin sin sin 0 A B A B = =
2cos sin 0 (1)
2 2
A B A B +
=



cos cos cos cos 0 A B A B = =
2sin sin 0 (2)
2 2
A B A B +
=



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(1) & (2) are true when sin 0
2
A B
=




2
A B
n

=
2 2 A B n A n B = = +
4. Prove that
( )
( ) ( )
sin 1
tan
cos 1 2cos cos 1 2
n
n n n

+
=
+ + +

Solution:

( ) ( )
( ) ( )
sin 1 sin 1
cos 1 cos 1 2 cos
n n
n n n


+
+ + +


2cos sin 2cos
2cos . cos 2cos
n n
n n


=
+
sin
2cos n

( ) cos 1 +


2 sin cos
2 2

=
2
tan
2
2 cos
2

=
5. If ( ) ( ) sec sec 2sec cos 1 and + + = then show that cos 2cos
2

=
Solution:
( ) ( ) sec sec 2sec + + =

( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
cos cos
1 1 2 2
cos cos cos cos cos cos


+ +
+ = =
+ +


( ) { }
2 2
2 cos cos cos 2 cos sin =
( )
2 2 2 2 2
cos cos cos sin sin cos 1 cos = =

( )
2
1 cos
cos

=
( )
( )
1 cos
1 cos

cos 2 cos
2

=
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6. If sin(y + z x), sin (z + x y), sin ( z + x y) are in AP then prove that
tan , tan , tan x y z are also in AP
Solution: ( ) ( ) ( ) sin , sin , sin y z x z x y x y z + + + are in AP
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) sin sin sin sin z x y y z x x y z z x y + + = +

2cos sin 2cos sin
2 2 2 2
z x y y z x x y z z x y z x y y z x x y z z x y + + + + + + + + +
=



( ) ( ) 2 cos . sin 2 cos sin 2 z x y x y =
{ } { } cos sin cos cos sin cos sin cos cos sin z x y y x y z y z =
sin cos cos cos cos sin cos cos sin cos cos sin x y z x z y x z y x y z =
sin cos cos cos sin 2cos sin cos x y z cox y z x y z + =
Dividing with on both sides

sin cos cos cos cos sin 2cos sin cos
cos cos cos cos cos cos cos cos cos
x y z x y z x y z
x y z x y z x y z
+ =
tan tan 2tan x z y + =
; tan , tan tamx y x are in AP
7. If
2 4
cos cos cos
3 3
x y z



= + = +


for some R then show that
0 xy yz zx + + =
Solution:
Let
2 4
cos cos cos
3 3
x y z k



= + = + =




2 4
cos cos : cos
3 3
k k k
x y z



= + = + =




2 4
cos cos cos
3 3

+ + = + + + +


k k k
x y z


{ Refer the problem (1) in short answer question)
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0 xy yz zx + + =
8. If ( ) sin sin 2 = + m B n A B then prove that (m + n ) tan A = ( m n )tan (A + B)
Solution:
m
( )
( ) sin 2
sin sin 2
sin
A B
m
B n A B
n B
+
= + =
Using compounds and dividend we have

( )
( )
( )
( )
sin 2 sin 2sin .cos
sin 2 sin 2cos sin
A B B A B A
m n m n
m n A B B m n A B A
+ + +
+ +
= =
+ +


( )
( ) ( ) ( )
tan
tan tan
tan
A B
m n
m n A m n A B
m n A
+
+
= + = +

9. If ( ) ( ) tan tan A B A B + = then show that ( ) ( ) 1 sin 2 1 sin 2 B A + =
Solution:

( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
tan sin cos
tan 1 cos sin 1
A B A B A B
A B A B A B

+ +
= =
+ +

Using componedo and dividendo

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
sin cos cos . sin
1
sin cos cos sin 1
A B A B A B A B
A B A B A B A B

+ + +
+
=
+ +


( ) ( )
1 sin 2
1 sin 2 1 sin 2
sin 2 1
A
A B
B

+
= = +

10. If
( )
( )
sin
1
cos 1
m
m


+

=
+
then prove that tan tan
4 4
m



= +



Solution :

( )
( )
sin
1
cos 1
m
m


+

=
+
using compounds and dividendo
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We have
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
sin cos
1 1
sin cos 1 1
m m
m m


+ +
+ +
=
+ +


sin ( ) sin ( )
2 2
2
sin( ) sin ( )
2
m

|
+ +
|

\ .
=

+
`
)


{ }
{ }
/ 2 / 2
2 sin . cos
2 2
1
/ 2
/ 2
2 cos . sin
2 2
m



| | + + + + + | |
] ]
]
\ \
=
| | + + +
+ +
] `
]
)
\


( )
( )
( )
( )
sin / 4 cos / 4
1
.
cos / 4 sin / 4 m


+
=
+


( )
( )
( ) ( )
tan / 4
1
tan / 4 tan / 4
tan / 4
m
m



+
= = +

11. If A, B, C are the angles of a triangle then prove that
(i) sin 2 sin 2 sin 2 4cos sin cos A B C A B C + =
(ii) cos 2 cos 2 cos 2 1 4 sin cos sin A B C A B C + =
Solution:
(i) ( )
0 0
180 180 sin sin A B C A B C A B C + + = + = + =
( ) ( )
0
180 sin sin C A B C A B = + = +
( ) cos cos A B C + =
( ) ( ) sin 2 sin 2 sin 2 2cos sin 2sin cos A B C A B A B C C + = + +
( ) 2cos sin 2sin cos C A B C C = + +
( ) ( ) 2cos sin sin C A B A B = + + +



[ ]
2cos 2cos sin 4cos sin cos C A B A B C = =
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(ii) ( ) ( )
2
cos 2 cos 2 cos 2 2 sin . sin 1 2sin A B C A B A B C + = + +
( )
2
1 2sin . sin 2sin C A B C =
( ) { }
1 2sin sin sin C A B C = +

( ) ( ) { }
1 2sin sin sin C A B A B = + + +
{ } 1 2sin 2sin cos 1 2sin cos sin C A B A B C = =
12. If A, B, C are angles of a triangle then prove that
(i) sin sin sin 4sin / 2 sin / 2 cos / 2 A B C A B C + =
(ii) cos cos cos 1 4cos cos sin
2 2 2
A B C
A B C + = +
Solution :
(i) sin sin sin 2sin cos 2sin cos
2 2 2 2
A B A B C C
A B C
+
+ =




0
sin 90 cos 2sin cos
2 2 2 2
A B C C C
=



2cos cos sin
2 2 2
A B C C |
=
`
|
\ . )

2cos cos cos
2 2 2
A B A B C + | |
=
`
| |
\ . \ . )

2cos 2sin sin
2 2 2
C A B
=



4sin / 2 sin / 2 cos / 2 A B C =




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Solution
(ii) cos cos 2cos cos cos
2 2
A B A B
A B coC C
+
+ =




0 2
2cos 90 cos 1 2sin
2 2 2
A B C C | | | |
=
`
| |
\ ) \


2
2sin cos 1 2sin
2 2 2
A B C C
= +



1 2sin cos sin
2 2 2
A B C C |
+ +
`
|
\ . )


0
1 2sin cos sin 90
2 2
A B A B C + | |
= + +
`
| |
\ . \ . )
2

1 2sin cos cos
2 2 2
A B A B C + | |
= + +
`
| |
\ . \ . )

1 2sin 2cos cos
2 2 2
C A B
= +



1 4cos cos sin
2 2 2
A B C
= +
13. If A, B, C are the angles of a triangle then prove that
(i)
2 2 2
sin sin sin 2sin sin cos A B C A B C + =
(ii)
2 2 2
cos cos cos 1 2 sin sin cos A B C A B C + =
Solution:
(i)
0
180 A B C + + =
( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
sin sin sin sin sin sin A B C A B C B C + = + +
( ) ( ) { }
2 2
sin sin sin sin B C B C B C = +

( ) ( )
2 0
sin sin 180 sin A A B C = +
( )
2
sin sin sin A A B C = +
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( ) { }
sin sin sin A A B C = +

( ) ( )
{ }
0
sin sin 180 sin A B C B C = + +

( ) ( ) { }
sin sin sin A B C B C = + +
{ } sin 2sin cos 2sin sin cos A B C A B C = =
Solution :
(ii)
{ }
2 2 2 2 2 2
cos cos cos cos cos cos A B C A C B + = =
( ) ( )
2
cos sin sin A B C B C = +

( ) ( )
2 0
1 sin sin 180 sin A A B C =
( )
2
1 sin sin sin A A B C =
( ) { }
1 sin sin sin A A B C = +

( ) ( )
{ }
0
1 sin sin 180 sin A B C B C = + +
( ) ( ) { }
1 sin sin sin A B C B C = + +
{ } 1 sin 2sin cos A B C =
1 2sin sin cos A B C =
14. If
0
180 A B C + + = then prove that
(i)
2 2 2
cos cos cos 2 1 sin sin sin
2 2 2 2 2 2
A B C A B C
+ + = +



(ii)
2 2 2
cos cos cos 2cos sin sin
2 2 2 2 2 2
A B C A B C
+ =
Here
0 0
180 / 2 / 2 / 2 90 A B C A B C + + = = + + =


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Solution:
(i)
2 2 2 2 2 2
cos cos cos cos 1 sin / 2 cos / 2
2 2 2 2
A B C A
B C + + = + +

2 2 2
1 cos sin cos
2 2 2
A B C
= + +




2
1 cos cos cos
2 2 2 2 2
A B A B C
= + + +




0 2
1 cos 90 cos 1 sin
2 2 2 2
C A B C
= + +




2
2 sin cos sin
2 2 2
A B C C
= +



2 sin cos sin
2 2 2
A B C C |
= +
`
|
\ . )


0
2 sin cos sin 90 _
2 2 2
A B A B C + | |
= +
`
| |
\ . \ . )

2 sin cos cos
2 2 2
A B A B C + | |
= +
`
| |
\ . \ . )

2 2sin sin sin
2 2 2
A B C
+
2 2cos cos cos
2 2 2
A B C
= +
(ii)
2 2 2 2 2 2
cos cos cos cos cos cos
2 2 2 2 2 2
A B C A C B
+ =




2
cos sin . sin
2 2 2
B C B C A +
=




2 0
cos sin 90 sin
2 2 2
B C A A
=




2 2
cos cos sin
2 2 2
B C A A
=



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cos cos sin
2 2 2
B C A A
=




0
cos cos 90 sin
2 2 2
B C B C A + | |
=
`
| |
\ . \ . )

cos sin sin 2cos sin sin
2 2 2 2 2 2
A B C B C A B C + | |
= =
`
| |
\ . \ .
)

15. In a triangle ABC prove that
(i) cos cos cos 4cos cos cos
2 2 2 4 4 4
A B C A B C
+ + =



(ii) cos cos cos 4cos cos cos
2 2 2 4 4 4
A B C A B C + +
+ =



(iii) sin sin sin 1 4 cos cos sin
2 2 2 4 4 4
A B C A B C
+ = +



Solution:
(i) Given A B C + + =
R.H..S
4cos cos cos 2 cos cos 2cos
4 4 4 4 4 4
A B C A B C | | | | | |
=
` `
| | | | | |
\ . \ . \ . \ . \ . \ . ) )

cos cos 2cos
4 4
A B A B C + + | | |
= +
` `
| | |
\ . \ . \ .
) )


( ) ( ) { }
2cos cos cos cos A B A B A B = + + +
cos cos 2cos
2 4 4 4
A B A B C

+ | | |
= +
` `
| | |
\ . \ . \ .
) )


2cos sin 2cos cos
4 4 4 4
C A B C A B +
= +


cos sin
2 4 4
A B A B + +
=

sin sin cos cos
4 4 4 4
C A B C A B C A B C A B + + + +
= + +



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( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2cos sin sin sin
2cos cos cos cos
A B A B A B
A B A B A B
= +


= + +

sin sin cos
4 4 4
C C A B C C A B A B C C A B + + + + + + | |
+
`
| |
\ . ) \ .

cos
4
A B C
A B C C A B
ad A B C

= + + + + +
+

+ =

sin cos cos
2 2 2 2
C A B
= + +



cos cos cos
2 2 2
A B C
= + +
Solution :
(ii) R.H.S 4cos cos cos
4 4 4
A B C + +
=



2cos cos 2cos
4 4 4
A B C + + | | |
=
`
| | |
\ . \ . \ . )

cos cos 2cos
4 4 4
A B A B C ] + + + + | | |
= +
| | | ]
\ . \ . \ . ]

cos cos 2cos
2 4 4 4
A B A B C ] + | | |
= + +
| | | ]
\ . \ . \ . ]

2cos sin 2cos cos
4 4 4 4
C A B C A B +
= +




2cos sin cos cos
4 4 4 4
C C C A B C A B + +
= + +




sin 2 cos cos
4 4 4
C A B C A B A B C C A B + + + + +
= + +



sin cos cos
2 2 2 2
C A B
= + +



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cos cos cos
2 2 2
A B C
= +
Solution :
(iii) R.H.S 1 4cos cos . sin
4 4 4
A B C
= +



1 2cos cos 2sin
4 4 4
A B C | | |
= +
`
| | |
\ . \ . \ . )

1 cos cos 2sin
2 4 4 4
A B A B C

| + | |
= + +
`
| | |
\ . \ .
\ . )

1 2sin sin 2sin cos
4 4 4 4
A B C C A B +
= + +




1 2sin sin sin
4 4 4
C A B C C A B A B C C A B + + + + + + | |
= + + +
`
| |
\ . \ . )


2
1 2sin sin sin
4 2 2
C A B
= + +



cos sin sin
2 2 2
C A B
= + +



sin sin sin
2 2 2
A B C
= +
16. If
0
90 A B C + + = then prove that cos 2 cos 2 cos 2 A B C + + 1 4sin sin sin A B C = +
Solution :
( ) ( ) cos 2 cos3 cos 2 2cos cos cos 2 A B C A B A B C + + = + +

( ) ( ) { }
0 0
2cos 90 cos cos 2 90 C A B C A B C = + + =
( )
2
2sin cos 1 2sin C A B C = +
( ) { }
1 2 sin cos sin C A B C = +
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( ) ( ) { }
0
1 2sin cos sin 90 A B A B = + +

( ) ( ) { }
1 2sin cos cos C A B A B = + +
{ } 1 2sin 2sin sin C A B = +
1 4sin sin sin A B C = +
17. If
0
270 A B C + + = then prove that
(i)
2 2 2
cos cos cos 2cos cos sin A B C A B C + =
(ii) sin2 sin2 sin2 4sin sin cos A B C A B C + =
Solution:
(i)
{ }
2 2 2 2 2 2
cos cos cos cos cos cos A B C A C B + =
( ) ( )
2
cos sin sin A B C B C = +

( ) ( )
2 0
cos sin 270 sin A A B C =
( )
2
cos cos sin A A B C = +
( ) { }
cos cos sin A A B C = +

( )
( )
{ }
0
cos cos 270 sin A B C B C = + +

( ) { }
cos sin sin ( ) A B C B C +
( ) cos 2cos sin 2 cos cos sin A B C A B C =
(ii) sin2 sin2 sin2 4sin sin cos A B C A B C + =
( ) ( ) 2sin cos sin 2 A B A B C +

( ) ( )
0
2sin 270 cos sin 2 C A B C
2cos cos( ) 2sin cos C A B C C
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0
2cos cos( ) sin(220 ) A B A B + +



[ ] 2cos cos( ) cos ( ) C A B A B +
4sin sin cos A B C
18. If
0
0 A B C + + = then prove that
(i) sin 2 sin 2 sin 2 4sin sin sin A B C A B C + + =
(ii) sin sin sin 4cos cos sin
2 2 2
A B C
A B C + =
Solution :
(i)
0 0
0 0
2 2 2 2 2 2
A B C A B C
A B C + + = + + = + =
sin2 sin2 sin2 2sin( ) cos( ) sin2 A B C A B A B C + + = + +
( ) ( ) 2sin cos sin2 C A B C = +
( ) 2sin cos 2sin cos C A B C C = +

[ ] 2sin cos( ) cos C A B C =

( ) ( ) 2sin cos cos C A B A B = +


( )
( ) cos cos
C A B
C A B
= +

= +

{ } 2sin 2sin sin C A B =
4sin sin sin A B C =
Solution :
(ii) sin sin sin 2sin cos sin
2 2
A B A B
A B C C
+
+ = =



2sin cos 2sin cos
2 2 2 2
A B C C C
=



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2sin cos cos
2 2 2
A B C C ] |
= +
| ]
\ . ]

2sin cos cos
2 2 2
A B A B C ] + | |
= +
| | ]
\ . \ . ]

2sin 2cos cos
2 2 2
C A B
=



4cos cos sin
2 2 2
A B C
=
19. If
0
360 A B C D + + + = then prove that
(i) sin sin sin sin 4cos sin cos
2 2 2
A B A C A D
A B C D
+ + +
+ =



(ii) ( ) ( ) ( ) cos 2 cos 2 cos 2 cos 2 4cos cos cos A B C D A B A C A D + + + = + + +
Solution:
(i)
0 0
360 180
2 2 2 2
A B C D
A B C D + + + = + + + =

0
180
2 2
A B C D + +
=



sin sin sin sin 2cos sin 2cos sin
2 2 2 2
A B A B C D C D
A B C D
+ +
+ = +




0
2cos sin 2cos 180 sin
2 2 2 2
A B A B A B C D

+ +
= + +
`

\ . \ . \ .
)

2cos sin 2cos sin
2 2 2 2
A B A B A B C D + +
=



2cos sin sin
2 2 2
A B A B C D + | | |

`
| | |
\ . \ . \ . )

2cos 2cos . sin
2 4 4
A B A B C D A B C D + + + + | | |
`
| | |
\ . \ . \ . )

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0 0
360 360
4cos cos sin
2 4 4
A B A C A C A D A D + + + + + + + }
` `
]
\ .
) )


0 0
4cos cos 90 sin 90
2 2 2
A B A C A D + + +

` `

\ . ) )


0 0
4cos cos 90 sin 90
2 2 2
A B A C A D + + +

` `

\ . ) )

4cos sin cos
2 2 2
A B A C A D + + +

(ii)
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) cos 2 cos 2 cos 2 cos 2 2cos cos 2cos . cos A B C D A B A B C D C D + + + = + + +
( ) ( )
( )
( )
0
2cos cos 2cos 360 . cos A B A B A B C D = + + +
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 2cos cos 2cos cos A B A B A B C D = + + +
( ) ( ) ( ) { }
2cos cos cos A B A B C D = + +
( ) 2cos 2 cos cos
2 2
A B C D A B C D
A B
+ + + | |
= + +
`
| |
\ . \ . )


( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
4cos cos cos
2 2
B D A C B C A D
A B
+ + + +

+





( )
( ) ( )
0 0
360 2 360 2
4cos cos cos
2 2
A C A D
A B
+ +

+




( )
( )
0 0
4cos cos 180 cos 180 A B A C A D

+ + +


( ) { } ( ) { } ( ) { }
4cos cos cos A B A D A D + + +
( ) ( ) ( ) 4cos cos cos A B A C A D + + +



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20. If 2 A B C S + + = then prove that
(i)
( ) ( ) sin sin sin 4cos cos sin
2 2 2
S A S B C
s A s B C

+ + =



(ii)
( ) ( ) cos cos cos 1 4cos cos cos
2 2 2
s A s B C
s A s B C

+ + = +



Solution: (i) ( ) ( ) sin sin sin s A s B C + +

2
2cos cos sin
2 2
s A B B A
C

= +



2sin cos 2sin cos
2 2 2 2
A B C C C
= +



2sin cos cos
2 2 2
A B C C |
= +
`
|
\ . )

2sin 2cos . cos
2 4 4
A B C A B C C + | |
=
`
| |
\ . \ . )


2 2
4sin cos cos
2 4 4
s B B s A A C | | | |
=
`
| |
\ . \ . )


4cos cos sin
2 2 2
s A s B C



Solution (ii) ( ) ( ) cos cos cos s A s B C + +

2
2cos cos cos
2 2
s A B B A
C

+




2
2cos cos 2cos 1
2 2 2
C B A C
+



1 2cos cos cos
2 2 2
B A C C ] |
+ +
| ]
\ . ]


1 2cos 2cos cos
2 4 4
B A C B A C C + | | | |
+
] ]
\ \

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1 4cos cos cos
2 4 4
B C A A C B C + +
+




2 2
1 4cos cos cos
2 4 4
s A A s B B C |
+
`
]
) \ .

1 4cos cos cos
2 2 2
S A s B C
+



1 4cos cos cos cos
2 2 2 2
S A S B S B C
+