Profile of SPARK's Members

S. No.
01. 02.

Member's Name
Md. Kamal Ahmed Md. Syedul Islam

ID No.
07882419 07882453

03.
04. 05. 06. 07. 08. 09.

Md. Tanbir Ahmed Siddiki

Md. Arafat Hossain Md. Golam Miraz Zahirul Islam Md. Miraj Hussain Kaji Md. Chand Mia Nazmul Huda

07882467
07882471 07882499 07882517 07882535 07882547 07882639

Md. Miraj Hussain Kaji

ID No. 07882535

Topic: Frank B. and Lillian M. Gilbreth's contribution in Scientific management.

Scientific Management
(1910-1935)

Frederick Taylor

Frank Bunker Gilbreth

Lillian Moller Gilbreth

Scientific Management
The

process of approaching various aspects of organizations in a scientific manner using scientific tools such as research, management, and analysis.

Md. Tanbir Ahmed Siddiki ID No. 07882467

Scientific Management Theorists

PURISTS Frederick Taylor Henry Gannt Frank and Lillian Gilbreth TRANSITIONALISTS Luther Gulick Max Weber Henry Fayol

Frederick Taylor

Efficiency Expert in U.S. Steel Industry Invented New Tool Designs and Handling Methods Designed stop-Watch Task Timing Created Piece-Rate Payment Scheme Developed Industrial Departments

Md. Syedul Islam

ID No. 07882453

Time Studies and the Piece-Rate System

Studied most efficient worker Used stop-watch timing to measure each production step Eliminated any unnecessary movements Designed standardized instruction cards for employees Employees paid for meeting the established rate of production

Md. Kamal Ahmed

ID No. 07882429

Aims of scientific management

To determine industrial and market trends As a result of determination of industrial and market trends planned and balanced operations in an enterprise will assure continuous employment to the employees To obtain better gains for the concern and its employees To improve the living standard of workers To provide better contentment and a happier life for workers

Continued.
To render employees satisfactory conditions for work To provide highest opportunity for ivorker's employment and advancement To motivate workers for promotion to higher positions To generate self-reliance and self-respect in workers To develop personality, attitudes and behavior of workers To build workers' character To promote equity and justice To create atmosphere of amity and mutual cooperation

Nazmul Huda
ID No. 07882639

New views generated by scientific management

F. W. Taylor promoted many new attitudes employing scientific principles that was different from the practice of those days. He introduced that scientific management is called for conservation, not waste.

Continued
Followings are the principles- scientific management promoted an air of investigation , research and analysis. - it viewed management and labor as a team. - emphasis on planning , use of standard, research and cooperative endeavor.

Md. Golam Miraz

ID No. 07882499

Frank and Lillian Gilbreth

Name: Frank Bunker Gilbreth, Sr. Born: July 7, 1868. Fairfield, Maine. Died: June 14, 1924 (aged 55) Montclair, New Jersey Employer: Purdue University
Name: Lillian Evelyn Moller Gilbreth Born: May 24, 1878. Oakland, California. Died: January 2, 1972 (aged 93) Phoenix, Arizona Occupation: Ergonomics expert Management consultant Professor

Frank and Lillian Gilbreth

Associates of Fredrick Winslow Taylor, their work was intertwined with his and their motion studies predated Taylors system first published in 1903. Developed the laws of human motion from which evolved the principles of motion economy.

Continued.
When he work as an apprentice bricklayer, noted three sets of motion

to lay bricks
to work at a slow pace to work at a fast pace

Md. Arafat Hossain

ID No. 07882471

Frank and Lillian Gilbreth

Pioneers in the field of motion studies and provided the foundation for job simplification, meaningful work, and incentive wage plans. Analyzed each motion of work for wasted efforts in an attempt to reduce each task to the smallest amount of expended time and energy. Professed: effective training, effective work methods, improved work environment, positive psychological perspective. Made the connection between standardization and efficiency Believed that time could not be separated from motion; the two were intertwined.

Frank and Lillian Gilbreth

Systematically examined how repetitive tasks were performed These repetitive tasks were broken down into Therbligs, which are systems for analyzing the motions involved in performing a task. This consisted of identification of individual motions, as well as moments of delay in the process, designed to find unnecessary or inefficient motions and to utilize or eliminate even split seconds of wasted time. the major contributions of Frank and Lillian Gilbreth are

presented next along with a brief description.

Zahirul Islam
ID No. 07882517

Motion and Time Study

Motion Study is designed to determine to best way to complete a repetitive job. Motion study involves the analysis of the basic hand, arm, and body movements of workers as they perform work.

Time Study measures how long it takes an average worker to complete a task at a normal pace.

History of Motion and Time Study - they used separately but became interrelated
Motion Study

Time Study

Frank B. Gilbreth, Lillian M. Gilbreth

Frederick W. Taylor

1885, he begun to develop motion study

1881, he started to develop time study

Md. Chand Mia

ID No. 07882547

Details of Motion and Time Study

Motion Study

Time Study

Bricklaying Tools Used - Motion camera

Started at a machine shop Home with his family Tools -Stopwatch & Clipboard Tools used today. - Computers - Bar codes - Accustudy Software

Continued.
Motion Study

Time Study

Improve methods It measures distance, or how much you move to do a job, and how much you get done in a period of time

Establish standards Looked at the average time it took an average worker

Therblig

Any of a set of fundamental motions required for a worker to perform a manual operation. Therbligs are the smallest units of work. They were developed by Frank Gilbreth, one of the fathers of ergonomics, the science of motion. Invented and refined Therbligs roughly between 1908 and 1924. Each Therblig had a mnemonic symbol and standard color for charting Therbligs are the basic building blocks of virtually all manual work performed at a single workplace and consisting primarily of hand motions. A list of Gilbreths 17 therbligs is presented along with the letter symbol used for each as well as a brief description.

Examples of therbligs..
Examples of therbligs include

"hold", "position", and "disassemble"; there are about 17.

Gilbreth's Contribution
-

Devoted to Efficiency Analyzed Motion and Movements of Workers Created Therblig System Their studies were part of the manufacturing revolution in the U.S.

Criticisms
In response to Taylors time studies and view of human nature, many strong criticisms and reactions were recorded - Unions, for example, regarded time study as a disguised tool of management designed to standardize and intensify the pace of production. - individuals such as Gilbreth (1909), Cadbury and Marshall heavily criticized Taylor and pervaded his work with subjectivity. - In addition, Taylors critics condemned the lack of scientific substance in his time studies, in the sense that they relied heavily on individual interpretations of what workers actually do.