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Class8 Geography Unit02 NCERT TextBook HindiEdition
Class8 Geography Unit02 NCERT TextBook HindiEdition
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SBULGVL WIEL
PT2
E/LT7TYLPFTB>FL&DLJLVIZLVTPT2GZ
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DLOFLLPR2/F%ELWL4KMTFHINYLMESTH4B"GJ2K)LIHNVPT2
JGKPLKPT2MLZ)LKPT2<LLVTPT2GZ
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FL&DLWL4KJI7KGPPPT2OLTGPG)L6V-'LLVLTBFTBKHSTH4BWL4KNVPT2
UIPV0SISEKVT FTB DHRSWBSKH4"HGPG)L6VSL)LXGFEIYRLPLL>
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MFROLMTMBDBGLS0G%SLTBPT2GZ
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GZ
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S'LL)LXGFJKJL
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GLEZLJ
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ELKEIFAOL
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WL4KFAOLGVFL;LPT2MB L7VFTBZYLMFH4"WZYWZY-'LLVLTBFTBT
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FAOLELGV&VIEKLWL4KMBK\LLPT2NJL
FAOLWJKOVWL4K\LILSLFAOLMBMLLVPT2GZ
OLTFR<<LSKTH4"B FLVPI
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Q7_7LV DLL H UZ PT2 J[PLH ELT EF EKVT PT2 GZ
DVL
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H4B
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UZPT2PZJ[GSLSHIH4"CMELZY)LYJ[GSLS)LLYD*L;2EI
QLOKLTBWL4KGHFLGVLTBPT2JFTBWB7LP;2G7EL>Y[IVZ4B.WL4KJP;SIJ[OTLLTB
FTB JLLULSLH4"WJVIG-'LGSPT2ELKLT FVREIJHRQPT2DLHK
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PL;FTBFLVPNJLTY
PT2GZ
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ULTPL;FTBDEK
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E
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CMGZ
WZPLIUZJA'PIEL
GLEZLJ
MDMTWGLEFX:PLVJOL'L;H4"JA'PI
JKUZVDLLULMESLH4 WL4K
WL4MSV
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NJLTYEKSLH4"
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NJLTY
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FLLL G-'LK KHSI H4" CMEI J[QKR SL
JIVL
FTB GPGPLSL J[SIS HLTSI H4 %LTGB E
<LLVLDVLVL
H PLJIEKL> PL;L WL4K PLH EI
VHLVL
J[GLWLTB ^LKL FHLMLYKLT>B PLR> )LXGF
LL4QLZ ZGLBY
P-LLLTVL
WL4K JRV FHLMLYKLTB FTB QL ^LKL
DS;VLLTVL
GVKBSKYGSLIZH4"U4MLGEWLJULVST
DLYPLVI
H4B CMT?UZQEHSTH4"B FVRUZ
PR2Z
EID.IFLLLELNJLTYVPT2PZJIVT
D;k vki bl mi;ksx dks de djus osQ rjhosQ lksp ldrs gSa\
WL4KLRZLC;FTB HIEKSLH4PKVN3JLOV
J[GLFTB )LIEKSLH4"UZGL>N]LTYLTB S'LLDLLLTB PT2UZLLLTB PT2FLFMT
GP]RSN3JLOVEKVTFTB )LIJ[LTYGELULSLH4"UZLTSLTB PT2MX<LVTW'LPLUZ
J[OX LLPT2ELKLWZPLIUZEIWLJXSEIEFIPT2FR<ELKEDSI
%LWLJULVSTH4B=
UVMB<L>)LLTUVWL4KVEOIJ2MZLTB EIDSIFLY>DSLVYKIEKLWL4K
%LWLJVTUZDLuLLKPT2
DTHSKHLTSLUIPV-SKH4"B
DLKTFTBMRVLH4=ML4KL7
J[OTLFTBZL<L
UVMB<LPLZLWFKTZI
LHKJLMPT2SLZRELTBMT
JLVI<LKIOVTPT2GZ
JXL;SGV)L;KH4"
UZNJZ$LSLEIMF-L
GPP PT2 EC; J[OTLLTB FTB UZ EI EFI H4" WGLELBL WIEL> JGQFI
GLL> OG\LLI
GLL> JGQFI MBR%S KL5 WFTGKEL PT2 )LLY>
NLKJGQFI F4EG-ELT> OG\LL WFTGKEL PT2 )LLY WL4K MBJXL; WL-7TGZL
WZPLIUZEIWLJXSEIEFIELMLFVLEKKHT H4B"PT OTL
TMT
UZPLRJ[OTLLTBFTBG-'LSH4BUHLWEMKMX<LLJ.SLH4"
NVFTB UZL)LLPEIWGLEMF-LDVIKHSIH4"CM
J[ELKUZELW)LLPFL4MFIW'LPLPLLEPL;LFTB
GPGPLSLPT2JGKLLF-PJHLT MESLH4 W'LPLWGS
NJLTYWL4KUZLTSLTB PT2MBOXLLPT2ELKL)LIUZ
ELW)LLPHLTMESLH4"
UZMBMLLVLTBELMBK\LL
GQL FRVLPLGHSFZ>WL4]LTGYEDGHM[LP
PB
EQKTPT2ELKLOXGLSHLTKHIH4
MBMLV
PBGPELM
WGSNJLTYWL4KJ[OXLLCMTNJLTYPT2GZ
WVRJR%SDVLOTSTH4B"WLLTGLS
LWLBGLEJMT LLTGLSPLGHSFZ>GLKMLVLTB ELGPMU;VWL4K
UZGVELLTBFTBWL4]LTGYEDGHLPUZPT2J[FR<LMBOXLE
H4B"CVFTB LLGFZVLC7T7LLSR
WL4KJI.EVLLI>UZELT
J[OXGLS EK OTST H4B" CVFTB MT WGLELBL KMLV WU4P
GV&VIEKLI HLTVT PT2 ELKL UZ ^LKL FLVP LKIK FTB
JHRQULST H4B"CVJ[OXLELTB ELT UZGVELLTB FTB /LT.VT MT
JXP; DGHLPLTB ELT NJR%SGPGLMT LLTGLSEKPT2UZ
J[OXLLGVBGLSGELULMESLH4"
PVWL4KW6PV-JGSWLPKLLKLSZIJ[PLHELT
FBOEKST H4B WL4K)LXGFYSUZELT JRVJXGKSEKST H4B"
GQL -J[EZK
UZMBYH[ LJA#IJ[PLHELT DQLVT EIOXMKIGPGLH4"
UZELNJLTY<LTSLTB EIGMBQLC;PT2GZ
GELULSLH4"UZGKMLPELT
%LWLJULVSTH4B=
EFEKVT PT2GZ
VHKLTB ELT #IEMT J%ELEKVLQLGH
"GKMLPWL4K
WJVT LKEI/SJKPLL;
PLJIEKLMTHLTVTPLZIUZ\LGSELTKLTEVTPT2GZ
\LTLEIG-BJE
[ ZKLTB
UZ
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R LTB PT2
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HLTSLH4"
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GVBLLPT2PR2/NJL
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MBMLV
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DVL
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L$OLPZI
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KL7IN]LV
PS;FLVWL4K)LGPEI
DQLVTPT2GZ
WLPEH4"
JIIPT2GZ
EL
E
GO J[ULGSLTB EI MLJT\L MB<L ELT )LBY V GEL UL
SLT
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JLGKG-'LGSE
ESLEI
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K\LLPT2GZ
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YLJ[LGSE\LTL"
ELKL L SLT PT GPZR*S HLT Y
H4B L GPZR*S HLTVT PT2 EYLK JK H4B"
J[LOTGLEWL4KMLFROLGE-SKJKULYESLEL;FLTB U4MT MLFLGUE
PLGVEI> PVFHLT3MP ELT J[LT3MLGHS EKVL QLGH
" -PX2Z
PT2D1QLTBELTJ\LIOT<LVT>J[LGSEP4B2JLTBFTBULVTPT2GZ
J[LT3MLGHSEKVLQLGH
SLGEPTGPGPLULGSLTBPT2GVPLM
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DHRSMT OTLLTB VT ELVXVDVLGOLH4 GEJG\LLTB WL4K
JLRWLTBELTFLKVLWL4KNVEL0LJLKEKVLY4KELVXVIH4"
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GQL QISZLTBELRB.
FLKVTJKJ[GSDBLZYLLYLH4"
EWBSKL;7IJGKJL7IMIWLC;7IC;
M OE6PTBLVWL8VCB7KVTVZ
7T.CVCV.TBU.;-JILILWL8J2PLC:.J2L4VL
B.ZL4KL
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L$OLPZI
CMMXQIFTBGO
Y
U4PFB.ZGVQ
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UR.TKG\LS\LTLLTBEI
E
J[LGLLTB PT2 0LJLK
LBA<LZLH4GUMTMBK\LLWL4K
EKVT JK J[GSDBL
GPELMPT2DIQMBDBLELT
ZYLL YL H4"
J[OLSEKVTPT2CKLOTMT
JL4LLTB WL4K J[LGLLTB
DVLLYLH4"
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VLYGKE EL V4GSE
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%LWLJULVSTH4B=
MIWLC;7IC;
M MBE7Y[-SP6J[LGLULSWL4KPV-JGSULSFTBWBSKL;7I0LJLKJGKJL7I
MKELKLTB
PT2DIQ
EWBSKL;7IMFL4SLH4"CMELNTHMRGVGQSEKVLH4GEP6J[LLI
PBJL4LLTB
PT2VFXVLTB PT2WBSKL;7I0LJLKMT NVPT2UIPVELT ELTC; <LSKLVHIB H4"FLT7T SL4KJKJLRWLTB EI
5,000ULGSL WL4KJL4LLTB EI 28,000ULGSL KG\LSEIYC; H4B")LLZX>.LG:J2V>P42%7M>J[PLZ>
WLE.WL4K
TZLTPR2/NOLHKLH4B"
)LXGF>FAOL>UZ>J[LGSEPV-JGSWL4KP6UIPVMBMLLV
W)LM
GV&VJ[VLTBPT2NLKOIGU
(i) FAOLGVFL;LPT2GZ
NLKOLIOLTFR<UZPLRELKEEL4VMTH4B=
(ii) )LXGFGV&VIEKLPT2ELTC;OLTELKLGZG<L
"
(iii) )LXGFELTFHPJXL;MBMLV%LTBFLVLULSLH4=
(iv) GE6HIBOLTMLTJLVLTBPT2VLFDSLC
GU6HTBMKELKVTJL4LLTBWL4KJ[LGLLTBPT2MBK\LLPT2GZ
WLKB)LGELH4"
(v) UZMBK\LLPT2SIVSKIPT2DSLC
"
MHINLKELTGQGSEIGU
(i) GV&VGZG<LSFTBMTEL4VMLELKEFAOLGVFL;LELVHIBH4=
E
MF
<L
FAOLELY#V
Y
U4PJOL'L;
Y
PTGOELGL
(iii) GV&VGZG<LSFTBMTEL4VMLJ[GSPT2MBK\LLPT2WVRPX2ZVHIBH4=
E
D:DELTDBOEKOTVLQLGH
UDWLPESLVHLT"
<L
VZELTNJLTYPT2DLOSRKBSDBOEKOTVLQLGH
"
Y
<LKIOLKIPT2DLOJL8ZIJ4EELTV7EKOTVLQLGH
"
GV&VGZG<LSELGFZLVEIGU
E
)LXGFNJLTY
(i) FAOLWJKOVELTKLTEVL
<L
XFM
Y
Q7_7LVDLL
(iii) )LXGFELN3JLOVELKINJLTY
L
GLLT9)LXGF
(iv) JKIFAOLJKGV\LTGJSU4PJOL'L;
(v) MFLT1QKT<LIURSLC;
GV&VGZG<LS E'LVLTB FTB MT M3 W'LPL WM3 DSLC
" GO M3 H4 SLT NMPT2 ELKL
GZG<L
(i) )LLKSELYBYL>D[JRLELF4OLVW3GLEWLDLOJ[OTLH4"
(ii) )LLKSFTBJ[GS0G%SUZEINJZ$LSLEFHLTKHIH4"
(iii) S7I\LTLLTBFTBJPVYGSKLTEVTPT2GZ
PA\LESLKFTBZYL
ULSTH4B>GUMTDIQEIJ2MZ
NYLVLEHSTH4B"
(iv) FLVPIH-S\LTJWL4KUZPLRJGKPS;VJLGKSBLELT0PG-'LSK<LMESTH4B"
GLEZLJ
)LXGFNJLTYJ[GSJPT2JGKPS;VPT2GZ
NLKOLIPR2/WL4KELKLLTBEIQQL;EIGU
"%LWLJPT2
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EIGU
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EML\LL3ELKZTMESTH4B
-'LLV
UDWLJPT2
FLSLGJSL
PL;EI
WLRFTB'LT"
UDWLJPT2
OLOLOLOI
PL;EIWLR
FTB'LT"
WLJ%LTBMLTQST %LMLFL6\LTLWL4K
H4BGE
TMLHLT <LRZT\LTLGPZR*SHLT
KHTH4B=
KHLH4=
Y[LFIL
JLRWL4KFRYI;
JLZVN]LTYEI
MB<L
YLPFTBJT.LTBWL4K
SLZLDLTBEIMB<L
JGKPLKPT2FRG<LL
EL0PML
VYKI
ELKLTBEIMB<L
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MB<L
J%EIM.ELTBEI
MB<L
JLP;2WL4K<LTZPT2
F4OLVLTBEIMB<L
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