V TH TRC PHNG

NDB ND500-125WATT

1. S khi chc nng ca thit b ND500:

Vdc

A9
Freq Synthesizer

Vdc

ATU

To ATU

Vdc

A2
RF Driver

A6
Power

A7
Harmonic Filter

A4 A3
Keyer Modulator Driver

Amplifier/ Modulator

Vdc

A5 A1
Power Supply

Monitor

Vac

TEST

THUYT MINH K THUT NDB ND500 I. CC S LIU K THUT 1. Di tn lm vic: (190 535) KHz 2. Phng php n nh tn s: - Dng dao ng thch anh.

V TH TRC PHNG

NDB ND500-125WATT

- Dng tng hp tn s. 3. Sai s tn s cho php: 0.005% 4. Dng truyn: - NON: Pht sng mang lin tc (CW). - A2A: Pht kha Manip (MCW). 5. Cng sut: T 25W n 125W (iu chnh c vi ti 50) 6. Tn s m iu ch: 1020 Hz hay 400Hz, vi sai s cho php 5%. 7. su iu ch: (0 95) % (iu chnh c). 8. Cp ngun bng AC: - in p: (180250) V hay (95125) V mt pha, xoay chiu. - Tn s 50 Hz hay 60Hz. - Cng sut tiu th: Ti a 350 VA. 9. Cp ngun bng DC: ngun Acqui 48V 10. Cc iu kin tt / chuyn my: - Mc Carrier gim hn -3dB (cng sut gim 50%) - Mc iu ch ( su iu ch) gim hn -4dB (gim 40%). - Mt Keying. 11. Cc s liu v Keyer: - Tc : 7 t trong 1 pht. - di ca Dot: 0.125s - di ca Dash: 0.375s (gp 3 ln Dot). - Khong trng gia cc phn t: 0.125s. - Khong trng gia cc t: 0.375s. - di ca cc khung Code: 8s. - Ni dung: Ti a 3 t 12. iu kin ca mi trng: - Nhit cho php: t -100C n 550C. - m cho php: T 0 n 95%. - Cao : Ti a n 3000m. II. S CHC NNG: 1. Cu hnh chung: Mi mt my pht ND500 c t chc gm 8 v mch: a. V mch A1 (Power supply): V mch cung cp ngun c nhim v: - To ra in p B+ +50 V. - To ra in p +24V. - To ra in p +15V. Khi mt ngun AC t ng chuyn sang cp ngun Acqui. b. V mch A2 (A9): V mch to dao ng RF, theo 2 phng php:

V TH TRC PHNG

NDB ND500-125WATT

c. d.

e.

f.

Dng thch anh (A2) (RF Diver). Dng tng hp tn s: (A9) (Synthesizer). C nhim v to ra mt dao ng hnh Sin c tn s ng bng tn s lm vic ca i (fCR) vi sai s tn s cho php. V mch A3 (Keyer): v mch to dao ng keyer, c nhim v: To ra tn s m thanh theo yu cu 1020 Hz hay 400 Hz vi sai s cho php. To ra mt Ident theo yu cu. V mch A4 (modulator Driver): V mch to tn hiu c iu ch. Tn hiu ny l tn hiu xung c iu ch theo rng ca xung mang hai thng tin: Mc cng sut sng mang. Tn hiu m tn c m ha. V vy vic iu chnh su iu ch (M%) v mc cng sut sng mang (O/P power) u c thc hin trn v mch ny. V mch A6 (Power Ampifier / Modulator): V mch iu ch v khuych i cng sut lm nhim v iu ch tn hiu xung v mch A4 to ra vi tn hiu RF t v mch A2 (A9) sau a n khuych i to ra tn hiu cui cng c cng sut t c 125W vi su iu ch 95% di tn s cho php. V mch A5 (Monitor): V mch Monitor c th cho php kim tra v t ng iu khin cc chc nng sau: Kim tra cng sut sng ti (Fwd Power): kt hp vi ng h M1. Kim tra cng sut sng phn x (Refl PWR): kt hp vi ng h M1. Kim tra tn hiu m thanh: Kt hp vi loa LS1. Kim tra mc suy gim cng sut: mc suy gim khng vt qu 3dB (50%). Kim tra mc suy gim ca su iu ch: mc suy gim khng c vt qu -4dB (40%). iu khin tt v chuyn my: Khi mt Ident cng sut gim -3dB, su iu ch gim -4dB, thi gian chuyn my khong t 20s n 80s. Kim tra s qu iu ch: Khi su iu ch qu mc cho php (M > 95%). Kim tra sng phn x: Khi cng sut phn x ln qu mc cho php s khng ch cng sut pht (khng tng c cng sut) v khng chuyn c my.

V TH TRC PHNG

NDB ND500-125WATT

Kim tra v iu khin chuyn ngun: Khi ngun AC c s c lp tc chuyn sang ngun Acqui d phng. - Ni tt Monitor (Bypass control): Khi s dng ch ny Monitor s mt kh nng iu khin tt v chuyn my. g. V mch A7 (Harmonic filter): V mch lc sng hi, l mt b lc thng thp lm suy gim cc hi bc cao ca tn hiu pht ra. S lng t din v cun cm ca mch lc c s dng ty thuc vo tn s lm vic. Do khi thay i tn s lm vic ca my pht cn lu n s thay i ny. h. V mch A8 (Calibration): V mch l mt phn thuc c cu o lng trn mt my. III. GII THCH S MT MY ND500: 1. Trong khung ch Power: a. Cng tt ngun: Dng khng ch ngun ca AC-DC - ON: M ngun. - OFF: Tt ngun. b. Cu ch (FUSE SLOW): Cu ch tc ng chm dng bo v my khi qu ti, c gi tr 4A vi ngun 230V v 7A vi ngun 115V. c. n LED mu xanh (AC): Khi c ngun Acqui cung cp n LED sng ln. 2. Trong khung ch Control a. Cng tc iu khin: cho php iu khin my ti ch hay t xa. - LOCAL: iu khin ti ch. - REMOTE: iu khin t xa. b. n LED mu vng: c. Khi t cng tc iu khin v v tr REMOTE n Led sng ln. 3. Trong khung ch MONITOR: a. Cng tc kim tra: Cho php Monitor gim st hoc khng gim st my (ch c chc nng Shutdown chuyn my), c hai v tr nh sau: - NORMAL: Monitor cho php Shutdown hay chuyn my khi cc tiu chun b vi phm. - BYPASS: Kh nng trn khng c tc dng. b. n Led mu vng: Khi t cng tc kim tra v v tr BYPASS n Led sng ln. 4. Loa v chit p iu chnh m lng (VOLUME). Dng iu chnh m thanh theo Key. -

V TH TRC PHNG

NDB ND500-125WATT

5. ng h TEST v chuyn mch o. Dung o cc tham s: - Ngun +15V: Quan st thang 0 100 [V] - Ngun +24V: Quan st thang 0 100 [V] - Ngun B+: Quan st thang 0 100 [V] - Dng ca ngun DC (DC CURRENT): Quan st thang 0 100 [A] [x 0.1A] - Cng sut sng ti (FWD PWR): Quan st thang 0 200 [W] - Cng sut sng phn x (REFT PWR): Quan st thang 0 200 [W] - su iu ch (MOD%): Quan st thang 0 100 [%] Ring khi o su iu ch (MOD%) cn phi chuyn mch ng h o v v tr REF, sau xoay chit p SET 100% REF kim ng h TEST ch ng 100 (thang 0 100), sau a chuyn mch ng h o v v tr MOD % READ tin hnh php o. 6. Cng tc KEYING: Tt hoc m KEY. - ON: Keyer hot ng, my lm vic ch Keyed MCW. - OFF: Keyer khng hot ng, my lm vic ch MCW. 7. Cng tc MOD: Tt hoc m Modulator driver hot ng. - ON: Cp +15V vo cho Modulator driver hot ng. - OFF: Ngt +15V ra khi Modulator driver. 8. Cc cu ch mt chiu: - Cu ch BATTERY 10A SLOW: Cu ch tc ng chm dng bo v my khi qu ti trong trng hp s dng ngun Acqui. - Cu ch REG DCPWR 1A SLOW: Cu ch tc ng chm dng bo v mch Regulator +15V v +24V. - Cu ch +15V DC ext 3/4A: Cu ch dng bo v khi s dng ngun +15V DC bn ngoi. 9. u Jack RF monitor. Dng kim tra hiu chnh my khi cn: - Kim tra tn s sng mang. - Kim tra su iu ch. - Kim tra dng sng. 10. Trong khung ch ATU. a. Nm n INCREASE: iu chnh theo chiu tng. b. Nm nhn DECREASE: iu chnh theo chiu gim. c. n Led STALL: sng ln ch th MOTOR ang hot ng. 11. Trong khung ch ALARM.

V TH TRC PHNG

NDB ND500-125WATT

a. n Led RF DRIVE: Nu Led sng ln ch th mc RF Drive suy gim di mc ngng c hiu chnh. b. n Led Mod Drive: Nu Led sng ln ch th xung PWM c rng qu ln v l nguyn nhn lm tng cng sut RF u ra qu mc cho php. c. n Led OVEMOD: Nu Led sng ln ch th dng Antenna vt qu dng antenna tiu chun ca ti 50. d. n Led SWR: Nu Led sng ln ch th sng phn x vt qu 5% i vi cng sut sng ti. e. n Led BATTERY: Nu Led sng ln ch th ngun AC s dng b s c (mt AC) v Batt c s dng. f. n Led SHUTDOWN: Nu Led sng ln my khng hot ng. 12. Cng tc chuyn my MAIN STANBY. t v v tr no (A hay B) th my c chn l my MAIN. IV. H THNG ANTENNA Antenna s dng cho i ND500 l dng antenna c h s phm cht cao Polestar A Series do hng Millard sn xut trn thit k ca hng Nautel. 1. S liu k thut ca antenna: - Gii tn lm vic: (190 535) KHz. - Cng sut RF u vo antenna: > 125 W. - Tr khng u vo: 50 . - Khong iu chnh t ng ca Motor: 2.5% ca tng s cm khng ti. - Gin hng: V hng. - Ngun mt chiu cp cho Motor: 12 VDC. 2. Cc yu cu v mt phn x: - Mt phn x ca ND500 gm mt h thng dy dn gm 6 tia, mi tia di 165 feet, cch nhau mt gc 600. B tr mt phn x c trnh by trn hnh v H3-5. - Cc tia ca mt phn x c chon su di mt t khong t (0.4 1)m, sau c ni n mt vng dy ng bao quanh chn ca antenna, v c tip t tht tt. - H thng cp in, cc cng trnh khng c xy ct gn h thng mt phn x. khong cch ti thiu l 1m. - Tt c cc yu cu k thut i vi mt phn x phi c thc hin, iu c nh hng rt ln n phm cht ca antenna, tc cng sut sng ti v cng sut phn x (Lm gim cng sut sng ti v cng sut sng phn x). 3. H thng ATU. (Hnh v 3-6)

V TH TRC PHNG

NDB ND500-125WATT

a. Chc nng ca h thng ATU: - Phi hp tr khng gia my pht v antenna. - iu chnh cng hng v tn s cho antenna tn s lm vic. b. Nguyn l lm vic ca h thn ATU: - Bin p T1 (Matching Transformer): Lm nhim v phi hp tr khng gia my pht v antenna. N cho php my pht lm vic c vi antenna c tr khng nm trong khong (6.6 34.7) . Bc chnh th bin p T1 c th hin bng 3-2. - Vi mt tn s lm vic c yu cu trc, th cun dy chnh (Main coil) s c qun c nh v chim 90% gi tr cm khng. 10% cn li cun L1 (Tuning coil) (xem hnh v H3-7) v c iu chnh cng hng t ng nh h thng Servo Tuning Motor, t c cng hng l tng. 4. Lp t gia antenna v phng t thit b. V nguyn tc, gia phng t thit b v v tr t antenna cng gn cng tt nhm mc ch lm gim mc suy hao cng sut a ra t my pht n ATU. Nhng phi bo m khng lm nh hng n mt phn x. V. H THNG CP NGUN: H thng cp ngun ca i ND500 gm: - H thng cung cp ngun bi mng in cng nghip. - H thng cung cp ngun bi my n (hai my). - H thng cung cp ngun bi ngun 1 chiu (Acquy). Cch b tr lp t trong phng my c m t nh hnh v H3-8. - Panel phn b ngun ty thuc vo s lng CB s dng khng ch cc h thng. thng thng gm c: CB tng, CB cho my pht, CB cho my iu ha, CB cho my np Acquy, CB cho ATU, CB cho n bo sng, CB cho sa chacn tnh ton dng CB co ph hp vi ti tiu th. - T Surge protector dng bo v thit b khi c s thng ging ca in p cp ngun mt cch t ngt. ty thuc vo s lng pha ngun c s dng (1pha, 3 pha), cch mc Surge protector. VI. H THNG ST Ty thuc vo mc cng sut c s dng m iu chnh Spark gap cho ph hp. Spark gap c t nh antenna do cn phi lu khi iu chnh. Bng 3-3 ch ra khong cch iu chnh Spark gap ph hp vi cng sut. - H thng tip Masse phi c bo m v ni vo tr antenna mt cch chc chn, bo m tip xc tt thng xuyn. VII. H THNG MY THU MONITOR:

V TH TRC PHNG

NDB ND500-125WATT

1. Gii thiu chung: Mi thu MONITOR v antenna h thng ng b cng c sn xut v thit k ti hng Nautel. My thu: NRB3. Antenna: NLA/1. 2. Cc s liu k thut: a. Ca my thu: Tr khng u vo: (50 70). Gii tn: (190 535) KHz. n nh tn s: 0.005%. Tn s trung tn: 4.4MHz. nhy: 5 Micro Volt (vi S/N = 10 dB, M% = 30%). Ngun cung cp: (102 132) VAC. : (204 264) VAC. b. Ca antenna: Gii tn: (190535) KHz. Ngun cung cp: 12 VDC. 3. S khi ca my thu MONITOR NRB3. Bao gm nhng khi sau a. V mch to dao ng / khuych i RF (A1): C nhim v to ra tn hiu t b dao ng ti ch bng thch anh trn vi tn hiu RF thu c tch ra tn hiu trung tn c tn s 4.4 MHz. b. V mch khuych i trung tn v tch sng (A2): Khuych i tn hiu trung tn t u ra A1 sau tch ra tn hiu Radio. c. V mch khuych i m tn (A3): Khuych i tn hiu ly t Audio ly t A2 ln a ra loa. d. V mch monitor (A2): a monitor mc MOD% v mc cng sut sng mang ca tn hiu thu c. e. V mch ngun (A4): Bin ngun AC thnh cc ngun DC: 12V, 28V cung cp cho mch. 4. Gii thch s mt my: Cng tc POWER (ON/OFF): Cp v khng cp ngun cho my thu. Cu ch POWER-SLOW-1/4A: Bo v ngun khi qu ti. n Led xanh POWER: Ch th khi c ngun AC cung cp. Chit p AUDIO LEVEL: iu chnh m lng ra loa. ng h CARRIER LEVEL: Cho php kim tra mc tn hiu sng mang thu c.

V TH TRC PHNG

NDB ND500-125WATT

VIII.

Cc Led trong khung ALARM: CARRIER, MOD bo ng tn hiu thu nhn c b qu iu ch hoc gim cng sut khi Led sng ln. (gim di 3dB). Nm n TEST: Kim tra mc ngng ca mch Monitor (kt hp vi ng h Carrier level). B NP ACQUI: 1. Gii thiu chung: B np Acquy 48V cng c thit k dng h v sn xut bi Nautel, nhm mc ch thng xuyn np b tr ngun mt chiu gm 4 bnh Acquy 12V. 2. Cc s liu k thut: Tn gi ca Nautel: NAB5. in p np (cha c ti): (51 67) V. Dng in np: ti a 3A. Ngun in cung cp: 115VAC 60 Hz. 230 VAC 50 Hz. Cng sut tiu th ti a: 500VA. Nhit mi trng hot ng: - 100C + 550C. m tng i: 0 90%. 3. S khi b np Acquy. a. Khi cp ngun xoay chiu: (AC power supply) Cp in p: 17.5 VAC cho b cp ngun 23 VDC khng c n p. Cp 75 VAC i xng cho b nn cu hai bn k. b. Khi cp ngun 23 VDC khng c n p : Cp 23 VDC khng c n p cho: Khi cp ngun 15VDC c n p. n hin th DS1 ch th c ngun cung cp. B s ha. B to xung rng ca. Khi iu khin ng m Thyristor. c. Khi cp ngun 15VDC c n p: Cp 15 VDC c n p cho: Khi so snh in p ngun Acquy. B nh thi 8S. Khi iu khin dng np. d. B s ha: Bin i tn hiu 23 VDC nhp nh thnh tn hiu xung nhn c bin l 2.2 V a n b to xung rng ca. e. B to xung rng ca: To ra xung rng ca t xung nhn.

V TH TRC PHNG

NDB ND500-125WATT

f. Khi so snh in p ngun Acquy: So snh in p chun vi in p ngun Acquy cho php b np hot ng. Trch mu nhit t Sensor nhit cho php b np t ng hot ng. g. B nh thi 8S: To tn hiu iu khin s hot ng ca b xung rng ca. To tn hiu Reset b nh thi. h. Khi iu khin dng np: Cho php iu chnh cng dng np trong phm vi cho php. i. Khi iu khin ng m Thyristor: To tn hiu ng m tun t 2 Thyristor ca mch nn cu 2 bn k. j. B nn cu hai bn k: Bin i tn hiu xoay chiu 75V thnh tn hiu mc mt chiu a n u ra ca b np. 4. Gii thch s mt my: Cng tc ON/OFF: Khng ch ngun cung cp cho b np. n Led xanh: Sng ln khi bo c ngun 23V. Cu ch F1: Cu ch 5A 250V bo v ngun u vo. Cu ch F2: Cu ch 5A 60V bo v ngun u ra. V mch A1: V np iu khin b np. Bin p T1: Bin p ngun ca b np. Cun chn L1: Lc ly in p trung bnh mt chiu. TB1: Ni in u vo. TB2: Ni n Acquy v Sensor nhit. 5. Cc hin tng hng nguyn nhn cch khc phc:

10

V TH TRC PHNG

NDB ND500-125WATT

Hin tng

Nguyn nhn

Cch khc phc a. Thay th b. Kim tra TB1 (4-5) c. Kim tra +23V diode CR1

1. Khi bt cng tc ngun a. Hng cu ch F1 v v tr ON n Led b. Khng c in p vo khng sng. c. Khng c 23 VDC

2. Khng c dng np n Acquy

a. Thay th b. Kim tra xung kch m ti cc cng ca a. Hng cu ch F2 Q1 & Q2 b. Khng c xung kch c. Kim tra in p m Thyristor Q1 & Q2 Acquy c. Acquy np y iu chnh li iu chnh sai bin tr R24

3. Acquy khng c np n in p yu cu

iu chnh sai bin tr R18

iu chnh li

4. Dng np khng ng yu cu S NGUYN L CA I ND-500 I. V MCH NGUN A1 (POWER SUPPLY Pcb) Mch cp ngun cung cp cho thit b cc loi ngun v cc chc nng sau: - +50VDC (B+) - +24 VDC khng n p. - + 15 VDC n p. - H thng Monitor t ng chuyn ngun AC sang DC khi ngun AC thp hn danh nh. - H thng Monitor t ng chuyn tt my khi ngun DC thp hn danh nh. 11

V TH TRC PHNG

NDB ND500-125WATT

1. H tthng ngun AC: Khi cng tc POWER (S3) t v tr ON, ngun xoay chiu s c cung cp thng qua cu ch F2 (230 V/4A hay 115 V/7 A ty thuc vo in p c cung cp) n bin p T1- s cp, bin ap` T1 c chn sao cho ph hp vi ngun cung cp. Th cp ca bin p T1 c nhiu u ra, la chn cc u ra tng ng ph thuc vo in p u vo. Vic la chn c ch ra bng 2-1. Sau c a n b nn hai bn k U1. Di iu kin hot ng bnh thng in p u th cp o c l 57 VAC. in p 1 chiu u ra u b nn U1 thng qua cun chn L1n in tr SHUNT R2. Trn u 3(+) v 4(-) ca in tr SHUNT R2 c ni n ng h M1 thng qua chuyn mch o TEST (S6) o dng in 1 chiu DC CURRENT. in p B+ c cp n u J1-6 thng qua mch hn ch in p gm Q1, CR3, R4, R3 khi in p B+ vt qu 60 VDC (trong trng hp khng ti). ng thi u ra ca th cp T1 a n chn 2, 3 ca P1 n v mch A1 dng kim tra in p AC. 115 VOLT VERSION AC VOLTAGE 95 105 105 115 115 130 NI A1U1-1 N A1T1-5 A1T1-6 A1T1-7 NI A1U1-2 N A1T1-11 A1T1-10 A1T1-9

230 VOLT VERSION AC VOLTAGE 190 211 211 234 234 260 NI A1U1-1 N A1T1-5 A1T1-6 A1T1-7 NI A1U1-2 N A1T1-11 A1T1-10 A1T1-9

2. Ngun 24 VDC khng n p: bao gm: Transistor MOSFET Q2 (1RF 130) Diode zene CR4 (1N5929B)

12

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Cng vi cc thnh phn kt hp. Di iu kin hot ng bnh thng, B+ ly chn 6 J1-6 qua cu ch F3 (1A) n J1-13-R5- cc mng Q2. ng thi t J1-13-P1-9R3-R11-P1-8- cc cng Q2. Thng thng 1 in p c 27 VDC ly t u cc ngun ca Q2 lm Q2 c m v s c +24VDC ly t u cc ngun ca Q2. Zene CR4 nhm mc ch lun duy tr +15V t vo cc cng Q2.+ 24VDC c a trc tip n J1-7, ng thi qua mch to in p +15VDC c n p. 3. Ngun +15VDC n p: bao gm: B n p U1 (MC78T15CK) Thyristor Q3 (2N3228) Diode zene CR5 (1N5930C) Cng vi cc phn t kt hp: C1, C3, C2, R7 Di iu kin hot ng bnh thng, +24 VDC c cung cp n b n p U2. in p +15VDC c n p t u ra U1 qua Diode zene CR5, qua t C2 lc v a n J1-8 (9) v J2-1. Diode zene CR5 nhm bo m cho u ra ca U2 c in p khng vt qu 16 VDC. Diode zene CR5 s m, do c 1 in p dng cung cp n cng ca Q3, Q3 m ra mt ni t in p +24VDC. Cu ch F3 s n. my s SHUTDOWN. 4. Ngun mt chiu: Mch ngun 1 chiu bao gm: Cc Role K1, K2. Diode zene CR6 (1N2984B) Cc phn t kt hp. Di iu kinhot ng bnh thng, role K1 s c cp ngun, role K2 khng c cung cp ngun. Ngun 48 VDC t u vo J1-3 ca K1, qua R1 n in tr SHUNT R2, t in C1 s c np thng qua R1, np n mc ca 48 VDC. Khi t in C1 np n qu 20 VDC, diode zene CR6 s thng v role K2 s c cp ngun thng qua R7 ni song song R8. Khi role K2 hot ng 4 chp 6, in tr R1 b ngt mch, t C1 s tip tc np trc tip t 48 VDC. in p B+ s c cung cp trc tip t ngun Acquy. Khi role K1 b ngt in, tip im 4 ngt 6, im t c ngt khi mch. in p 1 chiu t P1-10 ni n J1-15 qua diode quang DS9 lm n BATTERY ALARM sng ln. 5. Mch MONITOR in p xoay chiu: Mch Monitor in p xoay chiu bao gm: Transistor Q2, Q4. Transistor MOSFET Q5. Rle K1.

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Cc thnh phn kt hp. Di iu kin hot ng bnh thng, transistor Q2 v Q5 s c thin p thun v m. rle K1 c cp in. Mt in p mt chiu t P1-5 cp n J1-16 qua diode quang DS 10 lm n AC POWER sng ln. Nu in p AC thp di mc cho php, in p B+ qua b nn 2 bn k CR1 v CR2, in p trn b chia R1, R2 khng vt qua in p zene ca diode zene CR4. Transistor Q2 s b thin p ngc v tt. transistor Q4 s c thin p thun v m. in p R12 s b ni t. qua Q4. Q5 b thin p ngc v tt. rle K1 b ngt in, in p 1 chiu t J1-3 s c ni m u B+-J1-14/6. Khi in p AC tr v danh nh, mch t ng chuyn v AC, ngt DC. 6. Mch monitor in p B+: gm: - Cc transistor Q1, Q3. - Transistor MOSFET Q2 - Cc phn t kt hp. Di iu kin hot ng bnh thng B+ c cung cp n J1-13 vt qua in p zene ca CR3, transistor Q1 s c thin p thun, transistor Q1 m, transistor thin p ngc v ng. Mt in p dng c 27 V s c cung cp n J1-8 t vo cc cng ca Q2-Q2 c thin p thun v m. u cc ngun ca Q2 s c +24V. Diode zene CR4 hn ch in p a vo ca Q2 l 15 VDC. Nu in p B+ b gim di mc danh nh, zene CR3 s thin p ngc v tt, Q3 thin p thun v m. in p R11 s ni t thng qua Q3, cc cng Q2 ni t-Q2 tt. Mt 24 VDC u cc ngun. Mt 15 VDC u ra U2. My SHUTDOWN. II. V MCH TO DAO NG RF A2 (OSCILLATOR/RF DRIVER-A2 Pcb): V mch to dao ng nhm mc ch to ra tn hiu cao tn RF c tn s ng bng tn s lm vic ca my pht. 1. Mch to dao ng sng mang (CARRIER OSCILLATOR): Bao gm cc transistor Q1, Q2, thch anh Y1 v cc thnh phn kt hp. - Transistor Q1 cng cc thnh phn kt hp v thch anh Y1 to ra dao ng tn s ng bng tn s ca thch anh. Thch anh Y1 c tn s nm trong khong t 2MHz n 4MHz. - Transistor Q2 cng cc thnh phn kt hp to thnh mt b khuych i m nhm ngn cch tc ng ln nhau gia b to dao ng v b chia tn.

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V TH TRC PHNG

NDB ND500-125WATT

T C5 dng tinh chnh sai lch tn s do bn than thch anh gy ra (thng thng khong vi Hz n vi chc Hz). - im kim tra TP1 dng kim tra mch to hot ng ca mch to dao ng sng mang. 2. Mch chia tn s (FREQUENCY DIVIDER): Bao gm b chia tn s U1, cc ng ni chn h s chia (ch c 3 h s l: 4, 8 v 16) v cc thnh phn kt hp. B chia tn s U1 l 1 IC chia tn s dng CMOS (MC 14040B), c 12 tng chia. y ch s dng 3 h s chia l 4, 8 v 16 (vi u ra Q2, Q3, Q4). Ty thuc vo tn s sng mang lm vic m ngi ta chn thch anh v h s chia ph hp. Vic xc nh mi quan h ny cho theo bng sau: FREQUENCY MULTIPLY BY CRYSTAL FREQUENCY (KHz) (KHz) (190 250) (251 500) (501 535) 16 8 4 3040 4000 2008 4000 2004 2140

3. B kch thch bng tn hiu RF (BALANCE/ RF DRIVE): Bao gm transistor Q3, Q4; B khuych i y ko cp D dng transistor cng sut mosfet Q5, Q6; Bin p T1 v cc thnh phn kt hp. - Tn hiu u ra ca b chia tn s U1 l xung vung c bin l +15V v tn s ng bng tn s sng mang c a n baz ca transistor Q3 v Q4. Khi xung vung c mc +15VDC, Q3 phn cc thun (Q3 m), Q4 phn cc ngc (Q4 tt), t C9 c np n +15V qua ng np +15 VDC t J1-1-L3-Q3-C9- s cp T1- t. Khi xung vung tin v mc 0VDC, Q3 phn cc nghch (Q3 tt), Q4 phn cc thun (Q4 m), t C9 phng in v ng phng +C9-Q4t-s cpT1-C9. Kt qu l s c dng chy qua s cp bin ap T1, dng ny c bin +15VDC v tn s ng bng tn s sng mang. - Th cp ca bin p T1 gm 2 cun, mi mt cun c ni n cc cng v cc ngun ca mosfet Q5 &Q6. in p cp n cc cng ca Q5 s lch 1800 (ngc pha). So vi in p cp n cc cng ca Q6. Ngha l khi Q5 dn th Q6 s tt v ngc li. C ngha l ti im u ra ca b kch thch cn bng tn hiu RF (u ni chung

15

V TH TRC PHNG

NDB ND500-125WATT

ca hai cc ngun v mng) (Q5/Q6) s c thi im nhn c tn hiu c bin l B+ v c thi im nhn c tn hiu c bin l 0VDC. - u ra l J1-4 (RF DRIVE) c cp n v mch iu ch v khuych i cng sut A6. u ra J1-6 sau khi qua b tch sng nh CR3 &C13 c cp n v mch iu ch A4. im kim tra TP4 kim tra hot ng ca b kch thch cn bng tn hiu RF. III. V MCH TO TN HIU NHN DNG A3 (KEYER A3 Pcb): 1. Keyer l mt khi bao gm cc mch logic, to ra cc tn hiu m (400Hz / 1020Hz) theo Key mt cch t ng dng iu ch my pht. Chu k pht m gm 64 bit vi thi gian 8s. di ca mt Dot (1 bit) l 125 ms, di ca 1Dash (3bit) l 375 ms. 2. B to dao ng l thi gian gm khuych i thut ton U2A v cc thnh phn kt hp-l 1 b t dao ng to ra tn hiu xung vi tn s 64 Hz. u ra ca b t dao ng thi gian c th c kim tra ti im kim ta TP1. 3. B im nh phn 12 cp gm b im U3 v cc thnh phn kt hp. 12 u ra c nh du t Q1 n Q12, chia tn hiu ca b to dao ng thi gian theo cc h s chia t 2 4096 ty thuc vo u ra c chn. Tn hiu mi u ra t Q1 n Q12 l 1 xung vung c bin +15V vi tn s tng ng. 4. Cc u ra t Q5 Q8 ca b m U3 c ni n cc u vo iu khin m ha nh phn ca b m ha U4 v U5. u ra Q9 cng vi U2B v cc thnh phn kt hp khc to thnh mch chn U4 hay U5 c s dng u tin. Cc u Q10Q12 c ni n cc u vo iu khin ca b chn khung U6. Bng vic ni di cc u ra t X0 X7 ca U6 n cc u SPACE (s 2) v MARK (s 1), ni dung ca khung s c chn. Cc u ra ca b chn khung U6 bt u t chu k t u ra X0 v tip tc tun t n X7. Mi u ra tng ng vi mt khung ring bit l 8s. Ni dung ca mt khung c th l 1 tone MASK, SPACE hay m hiu ca i. 5. Cc b khuych i thut ton U7A/U7B v cc thnh phn kt hp to thnh mt mch dao ng n nh cho php to ra mt dao ng hnh sin vi tn s dao ng n nh l 1020 Hz (hoc 400Hz), ty tthuc vo vic s dng mch hi tip (ni B-C to 1020 Hz v ngt B-C to 400 Hz). 6. Cc u vo EXTRNAL TONE: Cho php s dng tn hiu AUDIO iu ch t bn ngoi (lc ngt JUMP A); KEYING OVERRIDE cho php s dng KEY t bn ngoi, u STBY 2 cho

16

V TH TRC PHNG

NDB ND500-125WATT

php to ra 1 Dot khi bt u pht tn hiu nhn dng (nu ni t u STBY2); u STBY1 cho php to ra (1 qung trng = 1 Dot) chn vo gia khong trng gia t th 2 v th 3. (M phng theo hnh v - hnh 2-31 & hnh H2-32). 7. Cc u ra X0, X1, X2 ca b dn knh U4 lun lun c ni n BUS khong trng. bo m c 1 khong trng = 6bits xut hin trc khi bt u c tn hiu nhn dng ca i. u ra X3 th khng c ni bi v phn t u tin ca bt k t hoc s ca tn hiu nhn dng l mt du Dot. 8. a ch m bao gm cc u ni TB1 v TB2, ti cc u ni ny thc hin vic hnh thnh tn hiu nhn dng ca i NDB. Nu khng c vic ni gia TB1 v TB2 (tc ci t tn hiu nhn dng) th u ra ca Keyer s l mt chui lin tc cc tn hiu Dot. u ra Q4 ca U3 c tn hiu xung vung, tn s 4 Hz thng qua R15CR7-iu khin tt m U1D. a. Khi u ra c ni n DASH- cng lp trnh DASHHH U1A s m. +15 V thng qua R12 U1A CR7. iu khin tt m U1D. khong thi gian m U1D khi c s ni n DASH tng ng l 2 bit (2 dot). b. Khi u ra c ni n SPACE 1 cng lp trnh SPACE U1B m v ni t U1D. khong thi gian ni t U1D khi c s ni n SPACE 1 tng ng l 2 bit. c. Khi u STB 1 (J1-2) c ni t v u ra c ni n SPACE 2 cng U1C s m v ni t Anot diode CR1. iu ny s lm cho b dao ng thi gian chm li (tn s gim) bng 1/3 tn s chun. d. Khi u STBY 2 (J1-4) c ni t, ant CR4 c ni t, tn hiu u ra ca X15 c ni t. Do khng lm m cng U1/B ngn mch tn hiu t Q4 a n. Tn hiu ny c trc tip a n U1D-12 thng qua CR7, lm xut hin mt dot u tin ca tn hiu nhn dng. Ci t tn hiu nhn dng cho i NDB. - Chn Tone cho tn hiu nhn dng: 1020 Hz hay 400Hz. - Thit lp IDENT theo m Morse. - Khung m tn hiu nhn dng gm 64 bit, 7 bit u tin l khong trng, bit th 8 l dot, t bit th 9 n bit th 58 s mang tn hiu nhn dng, 6 bit cui cng l khong trng. - To IDENT XYZ IV. V MCH KCH THCH IU CH A4 (MODULATOR DRIVER A4 Pcb):

17

V TH TRC PHNG

NDB ND500-125WATT

V mch kch thch iu ch x l tn hiu m thanh v bin i tn hiu m thanh c x l thnh tn hiu iu ch rng xung m tn hiu ny cha thng tin v tn hiu m thanh v mc cng sut sng mang.cc mch logic ki tra mc MOD DRIVER v RF DRIVER trc mt my. Khi cc ngng ny b vt qu mc cho php. 1. Chuyn mch cho php iu ch: bao gm Chuyn mch tng t U1B/ U1C. B khuych i thut ton U6A Chit p iu chnh M% R2. Cc phn t kt hp khc. Di iu kin hot ng bnh thng, tn hiu m thanh c m ha trn J1-6 (KEYER TONE) c cung cp qua t C26, R2, R3 n chuyn mch U1B-4. Chuyn mch MOD S2 t v tr ON, +15VDC c cp n J1-5 (MOD ENABLE) qua R43 n U1B-5, U1C-6 lm 2 chuyn mch ny m. Tn hiu m thanh c m ha c cung cp qua 2 chuyn mch ny qua C4 n u o ca U6A-2. Mt mc thin p c t n u khng o ca U6A-3 qua b chia in p R5-R6-R7, mc ny xc nh cng sut sng mang u ra cc i ca my pht. u ra U6A-1 cp thng qua R8 n b chia tn hiu tng t U3. Ti u ra UA6-1 c mt im kim tra (TP1). 2. B bin i +15VDC thnh -15VDC: mch ny bao gm Cc cng o t U2A U2F. Cc transistor Q8, Q9. Cc thnh phn kt hp khc. Cc cng o t U2A, U2B cng R41, R42, C3 to thnh mch t dao ng to ra mt dng xung vung vi bin l +15V v tn s l 36KHz. u ra U2B-4 c cp n 4 cng o U2E-11, U2D-9, U2F-14, U2C-7 v cung cp dng kch cho transistor Q8/Q9 s c tt hoc m theo tn hiu xung vung c duy tr. B lc CR5-C25 s lm bng tn hiu xung vung to tn hiu mt chiu -15V. 3. B to dao ng xung vung PWM: mch ny bao gm: B to thi U4. Cc thnh phn kt hp. Tn s dao ng c iu chnh 70KHz nh t C11. u ra ca b to dao ng xung vung PWM l tn hiu xung vung 15V vi tn s 70KHz cung cp n b tch phn to xung rng ca PWM 4. B to xung rng caPWM : bao gm

- Khuych i thut ton U7A - Cc thnh phn kt hp 18

V TH TRC PHNG

NDB ND500-125WATT

Xung vung bin 15V cung cp n u o ca U7A- 2. T C16, R32 to thnh mch hi tip ca U7A. Kt qu u ra U7A-1 s c mt dng xung rng ca. TP3 l im kim tra, chit p R26 (RAMP ADJ) dng t in p nh ca xung rng ca trng vi im zero ca in p mt chiu. 5. B to xung c rng xung thay i : l mt b khuych i vi sai m n so snh gia dng xung rng ca tuyn tnh vi tn hiu m thanh to ra mt dng xung tn hiu hnh ch nht vi tn s l 70KHz chnh l tn hiu iu ch theo rng xung .Mch bao gm : - Khuch i thut ton UB7 - Trasistor Q4, Q5 - Cc thnh phn kt hp Mt phn ca tn hiu m thanh c cung cp n u vo khng o ca U7B-5 t chit p R31. B khuch i m n v U7B cung cp in p ny n Bazo ca Q5. in p rng ca t U7A c cp n Bazo ca Q4 Gi s tn hiu m thanh ban u l mt in p chun mt chiu m khng cha thnh phn m thanh. Khi in p rng ca tuyn tnh m hn in p chun mt chiu, Q4 s c thin p thun v Q5 s c thin p nghch. Khi in p rng ca tuyn tnh t m hn in p chun mt chiu, Q5 s c thin p thun v Q4 s c thin p ngc. u ra collector ca Q5 se xp x +15V khi Q4 c thin p thun. Khi tn hiu m thanh c cng dn ln trn mc in p DC chun, tn hiu m thanh u vo cung cp n Bazo ca Q5, s lm m hn hoc t m hn theo iu ch ca tn hiu m thanh v chu k thay i y s ph thuc vo bin ca thnh phn tn hiu m thanh. Khi n m hn, Q5 s thin p ngc trong mt khong lu hn ca tn hiu xung rng ca tuyn tnh. Ngc li khi n t m hn, Q5 s thin p ngc trong mt khong ngn hn ca tn hiu xung rng ca tuyn tnh. Khi mt tn hiu m thanh hin din, kt qu kt qu u ra ca Collector Q5 s l mt xung ch nht c rng xung thay i theo bin ca tn hiu m thanh vi chu k ca xung l 70KHz c im kim tra TP4. 6. B suy gim tuyn tnh : B suy gim tuyn tnh bao gm - B khuch i thut ton U5A, U5B. - Cc transistor Q1, Q2. - Cc thnh phn kt hp. B khuch i thut ton U5B v transistor Q2 hnh thnh mt diode ni t cho Emiter ca Q2, kt qu l Emiter Q2 c cp mt in p xp x 0.6VDC.

19

V TH TRC PHNG

NDB ND500-125WATT

Thng thng th in p iu khin c cp n u khng o ca U5A t SWR CUTBACK J1-4 l OV. Tn hiu iu khin OV ny c cp n Bazo Q1 thng qua b khuch i n v U5A, Q1 s thin p ngc v tt, hnh thnh mt tr khng cao gia tn hiu AUDIO v t Khi c tn hiu VSWR CUTBACK dng cung cp n U5A-3, u ra U5A-1 c mc dng, Q1 thin p thun v m, tr khng ca b suy gim tuyn tnh s gim t l vi dng chy qua Q1. H s suy gim s thay i t l vi tn hiu VSWR CUTBACK c cung cp n t J1-4 7. Mch b in p khi c s thay i in p B+: - B chia tn hiu tng t U3 - B khuch i thut ton U6B - Cc thnh phn kt hp Mch b nhm bo m cho su iu ch v cng sut ng ra l khng i nu c s thay i in p B+ xy ra, ng thi cng cung cp mt phng thc iu chnh cng sut u ra t xa theo phng thc iu chnh tng gim in p +15VDC theo ng J2-4 Cc u vo : tn hiu m thanh c m ha, in p B+ v u iu chnh cng sut t xa c a n U3. u ra ca U3 c a n u o ca U6B-6. u ra ca U6B-7 c im kim tra TP2. Bt k mt s thay i no ca B+ khi a n U3-5s dn n c s thay i tng ng trn u ra ca U6B-7. Tng t i vi s thay i tng hay gim ca in p +15VDC trn u vo U3-1. 8. Mch ct b tn hiu RF mc thp: bao gm - B khuch i thut ton U9A. - Cc cng o U8A, U8B. - Transistor Q3. - Cc thnh phn kt hp. Mt in p mt chiu tng ng vi mc RF c cp n J1-1 n u vo khng o ca U9A-3. Mc thin p chun a n u o U9A-2 qua b chia R33/R47/R34 Khi bt u m my, mc RF c cp n U9A-3 khng vt qu mc thin p chun, Q3 c thin p thun v m, u vo U9A-3 s c ni t. Do u ra U9A-1 s mc thp Mc thp ny cp n U8A, U8A-2 c mc cao. Mt u mc cao qua CR3 a n U8C-7 cm tn hiu MODE DRIVE, u cn li a n U8B-5, u ra ca U8B-4 l mc thp a n J2-5 lm n RF DRIVE ALAMR sng ln. Sau thi gian khong 5s, mc RF cp n U9A-3 s vt qu mc thin p chun, u ra U9A-1 s mc cao. Trasistor Q3 s thin p ngc v ng. u ra ca U8A-2 s mc thp. u ra MODE DRIVE s khng b

20

V TH TRC PHNG

NDB ND500-125WATT

cm lu hn, ng thi u ra U8B-4 s mc cao n RF DRIVE ALARM s tt. 9. Mch kch thch cn bng : mch bao gm - B khuch i m U8C. - Cc Transistor Q6, Q7. - Cc thnh phn kt hp. c hnh thnh t mch kha chuyn mch, kha chuyn mch ny c kch bi tn hiu iu ch rng xung. Tn hiu c iu ch rng xung c o cc bi khuch i m U8C, cc Transistor Q6, Q7 s ng ngt theo tn s chuyn mch ca tn hiu PWM. Hot ng chuyn mch ca cc Transistor Q6, Q7 bo m cc bin u v cui ca xung hnh ch nht l thng. u ra MODE DRIVE c ni tip n J2-8l tn hiu c iu ch theo rng xungc bin chuyn mch l +15VDC v t. 10. B tch li rng xung : bao gm - B khuch i thut ton U9B. - B o U8D. - Role K1. - Cc thnh phn kt hp . Dng kim tra tn hiu iu ch rng xung theo cc xung +15VDC xut hin. Mt b lc thng thp 2 khu gm R37/C21 v R38/C22 kim tra mt cch lin tc u ra ca tn hiu MODE DRIVE theo s xut hin ca cc xung dng. Khi c xung dng xut hin, t C21s c np n mt gi tr trung bnh ph thuc vo t s tt /m. in p trn t C22 s c cp n u vo U9B-5, in p ny s khng vt qu in p chun c cp n u vo o ca U9B-6 t +15V qua b chia in p R39/R40. Kt qu l u ra ca U9B s ni t, u ra U8D s l +15VDC. Mt tn hiu bo ng v MODE DRIVE s khng c cp n J2-6. Nu in p trn C22 vt qu in p chun c cp n u vo o ca U9B-6, u ra ca U9B-7 s c mt in p +15VDC. R le K1 s c cp ngun v ngt tn hiu MODE DRIVE n J2-8. u ra ca U8D-15 C mc 0, n MODE DRIVE ALARM s c sng ln. V. V MCH KIM TRA IU KHIN A5 ( MONITER A5 PC) 1. Gii thiu chung: V mch MONITER dng kim tra cc tham s in hnh ca my pht v cc tn hiu iu khin ti ch theo s tt/ m ca cc n PANEL pha trc mt my. Cc chit p dng iu chnh cc tham s: Ngng bo ng ca cng sut, ngng bo ng ca su iu ch, thi gian gi chm tt/chuyn my, cc c cu hiu chnh cng sut sng ti, cng sut sng phn x.

21

V TH TRC PHNG

NDB ND500-125WATT

Cc u ra iu khin t xa kim tra c: Trng thi ngun hot ng (AC hay DC), tn hiu AUDIO, trng thi SHUTDOWN, trng thi SWR. 2. Mch hiu chun cng sut sng ti (FORWARD POWER CALIBRATION). Mch hiu chun v kim tra cng sut sng ti ( FWD PWR CAL) bao gm: - Cc b khuch i m U1A/U1D. - Chit p hiu chun R21. - Cc thnh phn kt hp. u vo FWD PWR trren J1-3 c hai phn : mt thnh phn in p mt chiu tng ng vi mc cng sut, mt thnh phn in p xoay chiu tng ng vi mc su iu ch. Cung cp trn t C19 qua phn p R2/R9 n u khng o U1A-3. T C3 lc ly thnh phn xoay chiu, ng thi np n mt mc mt chiu tng ng vi mc cng sut. u ra U1A-1c cung cp n R17 v R21, qua J1-4 n ng h o M1. ng thi U1A-1 c cp n J1-5 kim tra t xa. 3. Mch kim tra tn hiu AUDIO : bao gm - Cc b khuch i m U1B, U2B, U2A. - Cc thnh phn kt hp. Tn hi t u ra U1B-7 c tch ly thnh phn tn hiu AUDIO sau a nU2B-5. Cc in tr R28, R29, R30 v t C8 quyt nh h s khuch i ca U2B. u ra U2B-7 qua C9 a n J1-6 a n lao LS1 u ra U2B-7 cng c a vo u khng o U2A-3 sau a n J1-8 kim tra t xa. 4. Mch cp ngun +15V DC cho MONITER: in p B+ c cp n J3-1 sau thng qua R1, R4, CR3, C20 cp +15V DC cho mc MONITOR. 5. mch tch sng ngng bo ng cng sut : - B so snh U3C. - Chit p ngng cng sut R10. - Cc thnh phn kt hp. Di iu kin hot ng bnh thng, cng sut sng ti t u ra U1B-7 c cp n R10. Chit p R10 c t ti ngng bo ng ( thng thng l -3dB so vi cng sut hot ng ). Mt in p DC trn R10 c cp n R18, C5 n u vo khng o U3C-11. T C5 lc ra thnh phn iu ch ca tn hiu RF v np n mc DC tng ng vi mc ngng cng sut sng mang, ngng ny c so snh vi mc in p c thit lp bi cc in tr R22, R23 trn u vo o U3C-10. u ra U3C-13 s l tr khng cao so vi t, c mt in p mc cao cung cp cho cc Bazo ca Q6-Q6 thin p thun v m.

22

V TH TRC PHNG

NDB ND500-125WATT

Khi mc cng sut trn R10 gim -3dB, u ra U3C-13 s chuyn sang trng thi c tr khng thp so vi t, c mt in p mc thp cung cp cho cc Bazo ca Q6-Q6 thin p ngc v ng. 6. Mch tch sng ngng bo ng su iu ch : Mch tch sng ngng bo ng su iu ch gm: - khuch i thut ton U1C. -chit p ngng su iu ch R8. - mch tch sng ng b Q1, Q2, U3B. - cc thnh phn kt hp. Di iu kin hot ng bnh thng, cng sut sng ti t u ra U1B-7 c cung cp n R8 n u vo khng o U1C-10. Chit p R8 c t ti ngng bo ng ( thng thng l -4dB so vi su iu ch c t). MOSFET Q2 v TRANSISTOR Q1 ch tch cc tn hiu cng pha vi cc tn hiu AUDIO c m ha a n u vo Q1. Di iu kin hot ng bnh thng u ra AC ca U1C-8 c cp n u o U3B-4, ti y n so snh vi in p thin p m c thit lp bi R24, R25 trn u vo khng o ca U3B-5. u ra U3B-2 l mch vi phn R33-C7. Mch vi phn ny s cung cp mt xung dng n Bazo ca Q6 trong sut mi ln truyn. n DS1 s chp tt theo tc pht tn hiu AUDIO c m ha. Khi cc xung dng cp n Bazo Q4 ngt i, Q4 s thin p ngc v ng. Transistor Q5 s thin p thun v m, n DS1 sng ln. Nu n DS1 duy tr vic sng trong mt thi gian lu hn thi gian gi chm chuyn tt my th my pht s tt my ( thi gian ny ph thuc vo vic iu chnh R41 khong iu chnh t 20s . 11. Mch iu khin tt my : mch iu khin tt my gm : - Khuch i thut ton U4B. - Chit p gi chm R41. - Transistor Q6 Di hot ng bnh thng, Trasistor Q6 s chuyn mch tt/m theo tc ca tn hiu AUDIO c m ha ( cc xung dng c ly t mch vi phn). Khi Q6 m, t C10 s phng in qua Q6 ni vo t v in p trn u khng o ca U4B-5 s t dng hn in p trn u o ca U4B-6. Mt in p thp s xut hin trn u ra U4B-7 v J4-8 (SHUTDOWN ALARM) . n SHUTDOWN ALARM trn PANEL tt. in p thp cng cp n Bazo Q7, Transistor Q7 s thin p ngc v tt. Tn hiu iu khin INHBIT trn J4-7 s l mt COLECTOR h Nu xung dng t mch tch sng ngng bo ng su iu ch khng xut hin ( tng ng vi vic mt tn hiu IDENT, mc cng sut

23

V TH TRC PHNG

NDB ND500-125WATT

gim 3dB, mc iu ch gim 4dB) trn Bazo ca Q6 trong khong thi gian t 20s , Transistor Q6 tt. Lc t C10 s c np qua R45/R44/R41. Khi in p trn u khng o ca U4B-5 vt qu in p thin p trn U4B-6, u ra ca U4B-7 s mc cao. Mc cao u ra U4B-7 s c cp qua J4-8 n n ALARM SHUTDOWN trn mt am lm n sng ln. Mc cao u ra U4B-7 cng s cung cp qua R50 n Bazo ca Q7. Q7 thin p thun v m v cp mc thp ( t ) n J4-7 a n mch MONITOR in p B+. Cm vic cp 24VDC, 15VDC dn n SHUTDOWN my. 12. Mch tch sng kim tra s qu iu ch : Mch bao gm Khuch i thut ton U5A. B so snh U5B. Chit p hiu chun OVERMOD CAL R56. Transistor Q9. Cc thnh phn kt hp.

Di iu kin hot ng bnh thng, mt in p mt chiu t l vi mc cng sut cng vi mt in p xoay chiu t l vi mc su iu ch c cp n J2-1. Qua mch tch sng gm CR8, C12. Tn hiu c tch sng qua ti R53 a n mch hn ch gm CR9, R54. Mch hn ch ny duy tr u vo ca U5A-2 mt mc in p khng vt qu +15VDC. in tr R56 v R55 thit lp mt ngng chun trn u U5A-3. u ra U5A-1 s c mc thp, Q9 s b thin p ngc v tt. Nu in p c cp n U5A-2 tr ln thp hn in p chun U5A-3. u ra U5A-1 s mc cao. Transistor Q9 s thin p thun v m. T C13 s phng in l nguyn nhn gy ra mc cao u U5B-7. Mc cao ny cp n J2-3 n n OVERMOD ALARM PANEL pha trc lm n ny sng ln. 13. Mch bo v khi c h s sng di ln : mch bao gm - Khuch i thut ton U9B, U9A. - B o U7A. - Trasistor U11. - Cc thnh phn kt hp. Di iu kin hot ng bnh thng ( khng c cng sut phn x ln ) u ra U9B-7 s mc thp v mch khng c tc dng. Nu mc in p tng ng vi mc cng sut phn x trn U9B-5 tr ln dng hn mc in p chun ( c thit lp bi R68/R70 v chit p SWR THRESH R69 ) trn U9B-6, in p u ra trn U9B-7 s c nng cao ln. Mc in p u ra U9B-7 s ph thuc vo mc in p DC ca tn hiu mu cng sut phn x. T C17, R74, R75 dng chng li s thng ging khng mong mun.

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V TH TRC PHNG

NDB ND500-125WATT

u ra U9B-7 c a n J3-2 v cung cp n mch suy gim tuyn tnh nm v mch MOD DRIVE (A4). Khi u ra U9B-7 c nng ln mc cao, u vo U9A-3 cng c dung hn so vi mc in p chun ( c thit lp bi R79, CR11 khong 0.6VDC) .u ra U9A-1 s mc cao. u ny cng c a n 4 mch ring r. - Mt phn ca u ra U9A s c cp qua R82 v thin p thun cho Q11 lm Q11 m. t s c cp n J3-3 SWR ALARM. - Mt phn a n u vo ca b o U7A, diode CR14, khi u ra ca U7A mc thp (c sng di ln), CR14 s thin p thun; t s c cp n J3-5 STANDBY 2 SWR. Tn hiu IDENT s c ch th iu kin SWR ln ( c tn hiu DOT ban u trc khi c IDENT). - Mt phn a qua R83 n J3-4 SWR ALARM a n lm sng n DS6 khi tn ti SWR cao. - Phn cui cng s c a n u U3D-9, u ra ca U3D-14 s dng mc cao, Trasistor Q6 c thin p thun v m. Mch iu khin tt my s b cm v my pht s khng b SHUTDOWN khi c SWR cao. 14. Mch kim tra ngun mt chiu - B khuch i m U6A. - Transistor Q10, Q3. - Cc thnh phn kt hp. Khi my pht lm vic bng ngun AC, u vo J3-7 c mc thp. Mc thp ny cp n U6A-3 n Bazo Q10 lm Q10 thin p ngc tt. u ra J3-8 l 1 COLECTOR h. n ALARM BATTERY DS9 tt. Nu ngun AC c s c , u vo J3-7 c mc cao dn n U6A-3 c mc cao dn n Q10 thin p thun v m dn n J3-8 c ni t qua Q10, ng thi tn hiu mc cao t J3-7 n Bazo Q3, lm Q3 thin p thun v m, Q3 v cc thnh phn kt hp hnh thnh mt mch to xung m lm m tc th Q6 thng qua diode CR18 RESET mch iu khin tt my khi ngun AC tr thnh ngun d b v my pht ang hot ng t ngun acqui. 15. Mch iu chnh o su iu ch : bao gm - Khuch i thut ton U6B/C/D. - Cc thnh phn kt hp. Trn J2-6 c mt in p t l vi cng sut danh nh. u ra U6D-14 c cp n U6C-10 ng thi cp n R78 n J2-4 dn n chit p R2 ( SET 100% REF ) ( trn mt my). Mt mch tch sng nh gmU6C, diode CR13, R81, t C18 tch tn hiu t U6D-14 v cp 1 tn hiu DC qua b m U6B n J3-6.

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V TH TRC PHNG

NDB ND500-125WATT

Khi chuyn mch TEST S6 t v tr MOD-READ, ng h s c ni n J2-4 v J3-6. iu chnh 100%chuyn mch S6 s t v v tr MODREF. 16. Mch hiu chun cng sut sng phn x : bao gm - Cc khuch i m U8A, U8B. - Chit p hiu chnh R80-REF PWR CAL. - Cc phn t kt hp. Di iu kin hot ng bnh thng mt in p mt chiu tng ng vi cng sut sng phn x n J1-1 dn n C25 dn n R63/R66 dn n U8B-5. C25 c cp n mt gi tr trung bnh tng ng vi REFL PWR. u ra U8B-7 c a n R76 v R80 REFL PWR CAL v a n J2-7 n chuyn mch S6 thc hin php o. Chit p R80 dng n hiu chnh thang o cho ng h M1. u ra J2-8 ly t u ra U8A-1 dng thc hin php o t xa. 17. Mch iu khin BYPASS Di iu kin hot ng bnh thng u vo BYPASS J4-4 c ni t. Mch BYPASS khng c tc dng. Nu mch BYPASS hot ng ( cng tc v v tr BYPASS) J4-4 b h t, Q7 tt bt chp mi tn hiu t u ra U4A. Mch SHUTDOWN s b cm v my pht vn duy tr s hot ng. VI. V MCH KHUCH I CNG SUT A6 (AMPLIFIER/MODULATOR A6 Pcb) 1. Gii thiu v b khuch i cng sut ch D a. B khuch i cng sut ch D n gin - Gm ngun B+ c n n chuyn mch ( thc t l 1 MOSFET) n b lc v cp n ti. - Nu chuyn mch ng/m vi DUTY CYCLE l 50% theo tn s ng bng tn s sng mang th s c mt xung xut hin vo b lc. - B lc c thit k lc ly tn s ng bng tn s sng mang v lm suy gim ng k cc hi th u ra ca b lc s xut hin mt thnh phn xoay chiu hnh sin. b. B khuch i cng sut ch D y ko (PUSH- PULL VERVION) - Nu thay th chuyn mch S bng mt chuyn mch kp S1/S2, hai u ca chuyn mch S1/S2 c ni n s cp ca mt bin p T, th cp ca bin p c ni qua b lc n ti ta s c mt b khuch i cng sut y ko ch D. - Dng chy cung cp t B+ n s cp bin p T ln lt chy qua theo chiu ngc nhau ty thuc vo chuyn mch S1 hay S2 c ni n ngun.

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V TH TRC PHNG

NDB ND500-125WATT

B lc cng s lc ly tn hiu t th cp bin p T v cung cp n ti mt tn hiu hnh sin tng ng. c. B khuch i ch D kiu cu CASCODE ( CASCODE BRIDGE VERSION) Nu thay th chuyn mch 2 cc S1/S2 bng 4 chuyn mch mt cc c trnh by nh hnh v, ta s c cu hnh ca b khuch i ch D kiu cu CASCODE. Hot ng ca b khuch i ch D kiu cu CASCODE cng ging nh b khuch i ch D kiu y ko. B khuch i ch D kiu cu CASCODE dng TRANSISTOR OSFET Trong bn chu k u , tn hiu + c a n cc ca Q1 v Q4, lm Q1 v Q4 thng, Q2 v Q3 tt. in p B+ chy qua Q1 dn n cun s cp T2 dn n Q2 dn n ni t kn mch dng chy. Th cp T2 cung cp mt in p xoay chiu n b lc (FILTER) dn n ti. C ch hot ng nh gii thiu phn tern. Nu in p B+ duy tr l mt hng s th u ra bin p T2 s c mt dao ng RF khng i. Nhng nu in p B+ c thay i theo mt mc xung quanh gi tr B+ trung bnh theo mt qui lut AUDIO no th tn hiu u ra ca T2 s c tn hiu RF c bin thin theo qui lut tn hiu AUDIO. chnh l kt qu ca vic thc hin phng thc iu bin. 2. V mch iu ch v khuch i cng sut A6 Cu to gm 2 phn Phn thc hin iu ch ngun B+ theo qui lut tn s AUDIO. Phn khuch i tn hiu RF. a. Mch iu ch ngun B+ gm: MOSFET Q1 (IRF 140) v cc thnh phn kt hp. Ly tn hiu t MOD DRIVE a n u J1 ( u ni bng CONECTOR), thc hin iu khin ngun B+ thay i theo qui lut AUDIO 1020Hz (400HZ) c m ha theo KEY. b. Mch khuch i cng sut ch D kiu cu CASCODE Gm : Q2, Q3, Q4, Q5, bin p T1, T2 v cc thnh phn kt hp. Khuch i tn hiu RF ly t A2 (A9) a n J2 (u ni bng CONECTOR) ng thi thc hin iu ch bin .

VII. H THNG T NG IU CHNH CNG HNG (ATU-AUTO TURNING UNIT) 1. B d ng b B d ng b c k hiu l v mch A1 ca ATU. B d ng b iu khin hot ng ca motor cng hng. N duy tr mt cch t ng mt iu kin cng hng v cng c th b iu khin t bn ngoi lm quay motor theo mt hng no .

27

V TH TRC PHNG

NDB ND500-125WATT

B d ng b kim tra mi quan h v pha gia dng v p ca tn hiu RF. Khi h thng c cng hng th dng v p cng pha v khng c bt k tn hiu li no c to ra. Nu c mt gc pha tn ti, mt tn hiu li s c to ra v l nguyn nhn motor cng hng iu chnh li ca cun dy cng hng L1 di chuyn v hng ph hp ( chng li nguyn nhn gy ra li). Tn hiu mu ca dng RF c trch t bin p T1A cm ng qua T1B, thin p thun cho mt cp diode ca hai cu diode theo cc bn k tun t ca tn hiu mu ca b tch sng pha. Cc cu diode ny hot ng nh l cc chuyn mch ni tip m cc chuyn mch ny c kch bi tn hiu mu ca in p RF c quay pha 90o bi t C1 a n u vo chuyn mch transistor Q2, Q3. Nu ANTEN c cng hng, in p mu ny c mt gi tr trung bnh l zero. Nu c mt li v pha tn ti, gi tr trung bnh s c mt cc tnh ph hp (-OR+) thin p thun cho Q2 hay Q3. Cc transistor Q2 v Q5 trong iu kin bnh thng c thin p thun bi cc in tr R3 v R4 v vy +15VDC c cp n cho c hai u ca motor B1. Cc transistor Q2 hoc Q3 b iu khin bi tn hiu li, s c thin p thun v cung cp t cho +15VDC qua cc diode CR12 hoc CR13, ti mi u motor, cn u kia c cung cp +15VDC. Mt thao tc bng tay bn ngoi cng iu khin c motor cng hng quay theo mt hng no ph thuc vo vic n nm iu khin INCREASE/DECREASE. Bng vic n nm INCREASE/DECREASE trn PANEL mt my 1thin p dng s cung cp n u vo SERVO INHIBIT lm Q1 c thin p thun v ngt mch tn hiu li. ng thi cung cp n Bazo ca Q4 hay Q5 lm quay motor B1. 2. Bin p phi hp tr khng Bin p phi hp tr khng l mt bin p gii rng dng phi hp tr khng gia anten v my pht. Ti l tng ca my pht l 50 , trong khi ti thun tr ca anten kh nh. Gii phi hp u ra ca bin p vi anten l (2 . 3. B d in Dng kim tra dng thc t ca dng anten. Khi ni A3TB1-3 vi t bng ng h DC AMMETER th mi MILLIAMPERE tng ng vi 2A. Khi ni A3TB1-2 vi t bng ng h DC AMMETER th mi MILLIAMPERE tng ng vi 10A. VIII. B NP ACQUI 48V (NAB5) 1. Mch cung cp ngun xoay chiu (AC POWER SUPPLY) 28

V TH TRC PHNG

NDB ND500-125WATT

Ngun xoay chiu ( 115 VOLT RMS/50 Hz hay 230 VOLT RMS/60 Hz) c ni n TB1-5 (LINE), TB1-4 (NEUTRAL) v TB1-3(GROUND).Dy LINE (pha) v NEUTRAL (trung tnh) c ni n b lc EMI U2 qua chuyn mch S1, cu ch F1.n TB1-1 v TB1-2 (hai u s cp ca bin p T1). S cp bin p T1 c hai cun dy,mi cun s dng cho in p 115V. Khi dng in p xoay chiu 115V/50Hz th hai cun dy ny c u song song nhau. Khi in p xoay chiu 230V/60Hz th hai cun dy ny c u ni tip nhau. Th cp bin p T1 c 2 cun dy cp ngun theo yu cu ca b np ACQUI. Mt cun cung cp in p 17.5V.Mt cun cung cp in p 75V i xng. 2. Mch cp in mt chiu khng c n p 23V (UNREGULATOR 23 VOLT DC POWER SUPPLY) in p xoay chiu 17.5 V c cp n b nn u A1U1 u ra b nn cu l in p danh nh 23V mt chiu. in p ny khng c n p v ch mt thnh phn nhp nh vi tn s gp i tn s ca in p xoay chiu. in p mt chiu nhp nh c cp n u vo o ca khuch i thut ton A1U3A, ng thi qua diode A1 CR1 n t lc C1, t C1 lm in p 23V tr nn bng phng cn t A1C1 dng lc cc thnh phn tn s cao khc. u m ca ngun 23V mt chiu khng c ni n v my (t) m ni n u dng ca acqui. im ny l mc DC chun i vi tt c cc mch logic. Diode DS1 s sng ln khi mch cp ngun mt chiu khng c n p 23V hot ng. 3. Mch cp ngun mt chiu c n p 15V (REGULATED 15VOLT DC POWER SUPPLY) in p 23V mt chiu sau khi c lc s a n b n p 15V A1U1. u ra ca A1U1 s duy tr mt mc in p +15VDC so vi mc DC chun.A1U1 s loi b cc thng ging v in p ca ngun 23VDC. 4. Mch s ha (DIGITIZER) Mch s ha gm khuch i thut ton A1UA3 ( dng nh mt b so snh) v cc thnh phn kt hp. Cc in tr A1R3, A1R4hnh thnh mt b phn p v cp mt in p danh nh +0.18VDC n u vo khng o ca A1UA3. in p 23VDC nhp nh cha c n p a n u vo o ca A1UA3. Khi in p 23VDC nhp nh t dng hn +0.18VDC th u ra ca A1UA3 s c mc cao (+23VDC), cn khi in p 23VDC nhp nh dng hn +18VDC th u ra ca A1UA3 s c mc thp (mc DC chun).

29

V TH TRC PHNG

NDB ND500-125WATT

Ti mi thi im nhp nh ca in p 23VDC nhp nh tng ng vi na chu kca ngun xoay chiu th u ra ca A1U3A l mt xung hnh ch nhtc rng nh c tn s ng bng tn s nhp nh ca in p 23VDC nhp nh hay gp i tn s in p ngun cung cp. 5. B to in p rng ca (RAMP GENERATOR) B to in p rng ca gm transistor A1Q1, cc in tr A1R5/R6/R7 v t in A1C4.u ra ca A1U3A s c cp n bazo ca transistor A1Q1 (dng nh mt transistor chuyn mch). Cc in tr A1R5/R6 hnh thnh b phn p bo m cho trn bazo ca A1Q1 khng vt qu mc 2V khi u ra A1U3A mc cao. Khi u ra A1U3A mc cao, A1Q1 s thin p thun v m, v ngc li. ien tr A1R7 v t in A1C4 to thnh mt mch tch phn c hng s thi gian tng i di ti cc thi im lp li ca xung u ra A1U3A. Khi A1Q1 m, t A1C4 c phng in qua A1Q1. Khi A1Q1 ng t A1C4 c np n 23V qua R7, kt qu u ra A1Q1s c mt tn hiu rng ca tng i tuyn tnh (RAMP). Hot ng chuyn mch ca A1Q1 c iu khin bi trng thi ca A1Q2 m A1Q2 th b iu khin bi b nh thi gian 8s. Khi A1Q2 m, COLLECTOR ca A1Q1 c ni t, hot ng chuyn mch ca A1Q1 b cm. Khi A1Q2 tt, hot ng chuyn mch ca A1Q1bnh thng. Tn hiu u ra ca b to in p rng ca l mt chui xung rng ca 8s, c ng b vi thi im khi u ca mi bn k in p ngun xoay chiu mi khi b nh thi gian 8s c php hot ng. 6. B so snh in p acqui (BATTERY VOLTAGE COMPARATOR) B so snh in p acqui gm b khuch i thut ton A1U3D (dng nh mt b so snh) cng OR A1U5D, cm bin nhit U1 v cc thnh phn kt hp. in p t u m acqui cp n b phn p R2/A1R11,kt qu in p u ni R2/A11 l mt in p m c gi tr xp x 9% in p acqui. in tr A1R22 v diode n p A1CR2 to thnh mt mch ghim in p, n c ni gia hai ngun ( ngun +15VDC v ngun -9% V BATT). in p ti im ni gia A1R22/CR2 c cp n u vo o ca A1U3D, in p ny c ghim n mc 9V dng hn in p m ti im ni gia R2/A1R11. in p t vo u o ca A1U3D so vi mc DC chun lun lun l in p dng. in p ny cng t dng khi in p ngng acqui cng ln, cng dng khi in p ngun acqui cng thp. Cc in tr A1R23/R24/R25 v cm bin nhit U1 hnh thnh b phn p th hai. B phn p ny cung cp mt in p mt chiu, cc tnh dng, b nhit v iu chnh c n u vo khng o ca A1U3D nh l mt in p chun .Cc chit p A1R24 c iu chnh sao cho cung cp in p chun n u vo khng o ca A1U3D phi hi dng hn

30

V TH TRC PHNG

NDB ND500-125WATT

mt cht so vi in p cp n u vo o ca A1U3D trong trng hp acqui c np y. Khi acqui c np y, in p u vo khng o ln hn in p u vo o nn u ra A1U3D c mc cao (23VDC). Ngc li nu in p acqui gim, in p u vo o ln hn in p u vo khng o nn u ra A1U3D c mc thp ( mc DC chun). Cc in tr A1R26/R27 to thnh b chia p bo m cho in p cp n u vo ca A1U5B khng vt qu +15VDC khi u ra A1U3D c mc cao. Mc ra ca A1U5B ph thuc vo u ra ca U3D v Q ca A1U4. T C8 v in tr R21to thnh mch vi phn cung cp xung dng ging nh u ra ca b so snh in p acqui. Khi in p acqui gim di mc chun th u ra U3D-14 mc thp, u vo U5B-5 s c gi mc cao v u ra U5B-4 s mc thp th b to dao ng thi gian hot ng ( chu k 8s). 7. Mch nh thi 8s (EIGHT SECOND TIMER) Mch nh thi 8s bao gm : b nh thi A1U4, cng NOR A1U5D, transistor A1Q2 v cc thnh phn kt hp. Mch nh thi cung cp mt xung dng c di 8s u ra Q, sau Q s tr v mc O cho n khi no c xung dng kch thch vo u MASTER RESET (MR-U4-6). Khi u ra Q mc thp, u ra U5D-11 mc cao Q2 s thng v ngn mch tt c cc tn hiu c to ra t Q1 (RAMP GENERATOR). Khi u ra Q mc cao, u ra U5D-11 s mc thp Q2 tt khng lm ngn mch cc tn hiu c to ra t Q1. 8. Mch iu khin dng np (CHARGING CURRENT CONTROL) Mch iu khin dng np bao gm : b khuch i thut ton A1U3C v cc thnh phn kt hp, b khuch i thut ton c ni c khuch i xp x 100 ln. in p ri trn R1, tng ng vi dng np cho acqui c cp n u vo khng o U3C-10.B chia in p R17/R18 cung cp mt in p chun (c th iu chnh c) u u vo o U3C-9. in p u ra ca U3C-8 dng iu khin thi gian m ca cc thyristor Q1, Q2 v duy tr dng np acqui mc iu chnh. Nu in p ri trn R1 gim, u vo khng o ca A1U3C s t dng hn so vi u vo o. u ra ca A1U3C s t dng hn v lm thyristor m tr hn trong mi bn k dng. 9. Mch iu khin ng m THYRISTOR (THYRISTOR TURN-ON CONTROL)

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V TH TRC PHNG

NDB ND500-125WATT

Mch iu khin ng m thyristor bao gm: b khuch i thut ton A1U3D (lm vic nh mt b so snh), transistor A1Q3 (lm vic theo ch chuyn mch) v cc thnh phn kt hp. in p rng ca tuyn tnh c cp n u vo o, in p mt chiu c cp n u vo khng o ca b khuch i A1U3B. u ra ca A1U3B c mc cao (23V) khi in p mt chiu ln hn in p rng ca v ngc li. Khi u ra A1U3B c mc cao (23V) th Q3 thin p ngc v tt, ngc li Q3 thin p thun v m. Khi Q3 m ti cc u ni R13/R15 v R14/R16 c in p kch vo cc cng ca cc thyristor Q1 v Q2. 10. B nn hai bn k chuyn mch (SWITCHED FULL WAVE RECTIFIER) B nn hai bn k c chuyn mch bao gm: cc thyristor Q1, Q2(c ni nh mt b nn hai bn k) diode CR1cun chn LI v th cp bin p T1 (gm hai cun mc i xng 75V-075V). Cc in p xoay chiu 75V c cp n Anod ca cc thyristor Q1 v Q2 ngc pha nhau, cc thyristor Q1 v Q2 ln lt tt, dn theo in p xung kch vo cc cng. Thi gian m cc thyristor ph thuc vo vic iu khin cng dng np. Cun cm L1 v t in trong ca bnh acqui ng vai tr nh b lc v lm bng phng dng np.

32