Cng ngh P2P - Cc ng dng Torrent

Hin nay, mng P2P tr thnh mt phn khng th thiu c trn Internet. V c th khng nh hu ht chng ta ang dng hoc tng s dng cc chng trnh nh uTorrent, BitTorrent ... V mnh tin chc nhng bn cha dng cc chng trnh chia s P2P - sau bi ny - s dng th ^_^. Vy, cng ngh P2P l nh th no ? Chng ta hy cng tm hiu. Mng ng ng (ting Anh: peer-to-peer network), cn gi l mng ngang hng, l mt mng my tnh trong hot ng ca mng ch yu da vo kh nng tnh ton v bng thng ca cc my tham gia ch khng tp trung vo mt s nh cc my ch trung tm nh cc mng thng thng. Mng ng ng thng c s dng kt ni cc my thng qua mt lng kt ni dng ad hoc. Mng ng ng c nhiu ng dng. ng dng thng xuyn gp nht l chia s tp tin, tt c cc dng nh m thanh, hnh nh, d liu,... hoc truyn d liu thi gian thc nh in thoi VoIP. Mt mng ng ng ng ngha khng c khi nim my ch v my khch, ni cch khc, tt c cc my tham gia u bnh ng v c gi l peer, l mt nt mng ng vai tr ng thi l my khch v my ch i vi cc my khc trong mng. Khi nim ng ng ngy nay c tin ha vo nhiu mc ch s dng khc nhau, khng ch trao i tp m cn khi qut ha thnh trao i thng tin gia ngi vi ngi, c bit trong nhng tnh hung hp tc gia mt nhm ngi trong cng ng.

Phn loi mng ng ng Ta c th phn loi cc mng ng ng hin nay theo tiu ch v mc tp trung ca chng nh sau: Mng ng ng thun ty: * Cc my trm c vai tr va l my ch va l my khch * Khng c my ch trung tm qun l mng * Khng c my nh tuyn (b nh tuyn) trung tm, cc my trm c kh nng t nh tuyn Mng ng ng lai: * C mt my ch trung tm dng lu tr thng tin ca cc my trm v tr li cc truy vn thng tin ny. * Cc my trm c vai tr lu tr thng tin, ti nguyn c chia s, cung cp cc thng tin v chia s ti nguyn ca n cho my ch. * S dng cc trm nh tuyn xc nh a ch IP ca cc my trm.

u th ca mng ng ng Mt mc ch quan trng ca mng ng ng l trong mng tt c cc my tham gia u ng gp ti nguyn, bao gm bng thng, lu tr, v kh nng tnh ton. Do khi cng

c nhiu my tham gia mng th kh nng tng th ca h thng mng cng ln. Ngc li, trong cu trc my ch-my khch, nu s lng my ch l c nh, th khi s lng my khch tng ln kh nng chuyn d liu cho mi my khch s gim xung. Tnh cht phn tn ca mng ng ng cng gip cho mng hot ng tt khi mt s my gp s c. i vi cu trc tp trung, ch cn my ch gp s c th c h thng s ngng tr. Tranh ci php l Theo lut ca M v hu ht cc nc phng Ty pht trin, mt cng ngh khng c xem l bt hp php nu n c th c s dng cho cc hnh vi "khng phm lut" mt cch ng k. i vi mng ng ng, quyt nh ny c th p dng bi mng c th s dng trao i cc ni dung hp php, nh phn mm min ph, phin bn th nghim, ni dung khng ng k bn quyn,... Nhng trn thc t, rt nhiu mng ng ng, nu khng mun ni l hu ht, u c li dng sao chp trao i tri php cc ni dung c bn quyn nh m nhc hay phim nh. iu ny dn n vic cc cng ty truyn thng v c nhng ngi tng ng h mng ng ng mt lng tin v vic s dng mng cho mc ch hp php v cho rng mng ng ng ang gy ra mt him ha cho c h thng phn phi ni dung. c nhiu nghin cu nh lng thit hi ti chnh gy nn bi mng ng ng, nhng hu ht u c v khng chn chn v trn tnh ton l thuyt, mng ng ng gy nhng thit hi ln, trong khi trn thc t cho thy ngun thu ca cc ngnh cng nghip b nh hng t khi xut hin mng ng ng khng b thay i ng k. Cho d c tht s b thit hi hay khng, ti M, c hai Hip Hi Ghi m M (RIAA)v Hip Hi in nh M v ang b ra rt nhiu cng sc v tin bc chng li vic s dng mng ng ng, bng cch kin cc ch s hu mng ng ng ra ta, ng thi vn ng cc nh lm lut thng qua nhng lut cho php x l d dng vic chia s trao i thng tin tri php trn cc mng ny. Khng ch gii hn M, cc t chc ny cn da vo u th chnh tr gy sc p ln cc nh hnh php ti cc nc khc, in hnh gn y l v thu gi h thng mng ca trang web thepiratebay.org ti Thy in, mt trong nhng a ch yu thch ca nhng dng BitTorrent, hay vic gy sc p ln Duma nhm chm dt hot ng kinh doanh ca nh phn phi m nhc trc tuyn allofmp3.com ti Nga. Khi e da tr nn gia tng trn mng ng ng, cc nh pht trin mng nhanh chng tm cch thch ng lm cho mng tr nn kh b quy nhiu v c hai mt k thut v lut php. iu ny khin cho tt c trch nhim dn ln ngi s dng mng, v theo nguyn tc r rng cng ngh mng ng ng l hp php nhng khng c ngha l cho php vic li dng mng trao i ni dung tri php. Mt khuynh hng ca cc nh pht trin mng ng ng l xy dng cc mng nc danh cho php chia s thng tin hp php ln bt hp php

Hng dn cch to file *.torrent chia s file trong mng BitTorrent

Hng dn cch to file *.torrent chia s file trong mng BitTorrent Chia s file m bn c trong mng BitTorrent rt n gin. Tuy nhin bn phi lm mt s cng vic hi khc so vi nhng mng p2p khc (ch cn nh du th mc mun chia s thnh "Shared"). C 3 yu t cn thit chia s file vi BitTorrent : 1. Tracker : mt my tnh phi hp hot ng gia cc peer. 2. Web server : ni cha v lit k cc .torrent file. V tnh nng search khng c xy dng ngay trong giao thc (build-in search) nn BitTorrent phi s dng cng ngh web thay th. 3. Seeder : C t nht 1 seeder, cha d liu mun chia s. Cc bc tin hnh : 1. Quyt nh bn s chia s ci g. File torrent c th cha thng tin v 1 file hoc 1 folder gm nhiu file. iu ny rt thun li v bn khng phi to mt file nn cho folder trc khi chia s nh vn thng lm. Ch : Nu bn mun chia s file bn c t nhng ngun khc m cc file y c dng nn (.RAR, .R00, .R01) th tt hn ht bn hy gii nn, ri to mt file torrent cho file gii nn bt u chia s. ng bao gi chia s file di dng nn nh th v c th xy ra trng hp sau : xem file AVI c chia lm nhiu phn di dng nn. Ngi ta s gii nn cc phn ni li thnh file AVI. V ri tit kim dung lng, ngi chc chn s xa ngay cc file nn va ti v. iu rt c hi cho nhng ngi cha download c. V th bn hy gii nn ngay t u. 2. Chy mt chng trnh to file .torrent : s c 2 options cho bn chn la, mt l chia s file, hai l folder, sau bn cn ch ng dn n file/folder mnh mun chia s nm trong my. 3. in a ch tracker vo khong trng yu cu hoc chn n t mt drop down list. 4. Chn knh thc mnh (piece size), hoc yn vi thit lp mc nh l auto. Thng thng, kch thc mnh cng nh, vic chia s s hiu qu nhng file .torrent to ra s ln. 256KB c v nh l tiu chun chung hin nay nhng bn c th chn nhng kch thc khc. Trnh vic chn kch thc mnh ln cho nhng file nh v kch thc mnh nh cho nhng file ln. 5. Click "Creat torrent" bt u qu trnh to file, nh chn ng dn lu file torrent va to. 6. Upload file .torrent ln mt web server. Tc l n mt website no c cha v lit k cc file torrent. Click "Upload torrent" link. Vic ny s khc nhau ty theo tng site, c nhng site ch cho php bn upload khi ng k thnh vin. 7. Download file .torrent va upload v, open bng mt trnh BitTorrent. Trnh BitTorrent s

hi bn ni lu file, ging nh khi bn open mt file .torrent ca ngi khc. Nh ch ra ng dn n file hoc th mc bn mun chia s ging nh bc 2. Trnh BitTorrent s tin hnh vic kim tra v khi thy bn c file hon chnh, n s coi nh bn download file hon tt. Bn s bt u seeding. Cng vic ny trng ging nh khi bn ti xong mt file nhng vn m trnh BitTorrent upload cho nhng ngi khc. Ch : * Phi m bo rng my ca bn c th tip nhn cc kn ni t bn ngoi. Tc l my ca bn m cng (fordward port). * Phi m bo cho thi gian seeding di nhng ngi khc c th download hon tt t bn. it k kh nhiu bc cho r rng, nhng tng kt li th to 1 file .torrent ch gm 3 vic chnh : To file .torrent, phn pht file .torrent v bt u seeding.

Hng dn cch to file *.torrent chia s file trong mng BitTorrent vi BitComet
1. File > Create Torrent (or CTRL + M)

2. Chn file hoc folder 3. Chn enable public DHT network t dropdown box Bng cch ny, chnh bn c th l mt tracker nu cc public tracker die. 4. Tracker server and DHT node list Copy a ch ca cc tracker vo y. Bn c th in vo nhiu tracker, nhng thng thng 1 l . Mt s v d v a ch tracker: _http://tracker.prq.to/announce _http://inferno.demonoid.com:3389/announce _http://tracker.bt-chat.com/announce _http://tracker.zerotracker.com:2710/announce Copy mt trong nhng a ch ny vo tracker box

5. u file .torrent Sau khi to c file .torrent, chng ta lm tip cc bc nh sau: 1. ng k mt account _www.torrentbox.com 2. ogin vo account, chn Upload torrent

3. Upload file .torrent (nh tun theo cc quy nh ca torrentbox vic upload c thnh cng) 4. Download .torrent v, open ri seed 5. Post file .torrent ln web. Ch : a ch tracker ca torrentbox l _http://tracker.torrentbox.com:2710/announce . Khi to file .torrent, mc in a ch tracker, anh em hy in ci ny.

Gi l cng ngh P2P th nghe hi k nh

. Tuy nhin dng ci ny down th gn nh g

cng c Chng trnh client down cng c rt nhiu. Cc chng trnh vi nhiu cng c cu hnh th c th chn Bitcommet hoc azureus, m thm cc port trn modem down nhanh hn Chng trnh nh th c u-torrent dung lng vi trm KB

Hng dn cch to file *.torrent chia s file trong mng BitTorrent vi Azureus
1. File > New Torrent (or CTRL + N)

2. Chn use an external tracker. Copy a ch ca cc tracker vo y. Mt s v d v a ch tracker: _http://tracker.prq.to/announce _http://inferno.demonoid.com:3389/announce _http://tracker.bt-chat.com/announce _http://tracker.zerotracker.com:2710/announce 3. Chn vic chia s file hoc folder, click Next

4.Ch ng dn n file hoc folder 5. Chn ni lu file .torrent sp to ra 6. ng chn private torrent 7. Chn allow decentralized tracking

8. Click Finish Trn y l nhng bc chung to file .torrent vi Azureus. Cn thc hin thm nhng bc sau c th chia s file cho nhau : 1. ng k mt account http://www.torrentbox.com 2. ogin vo account, chn Upload torrent 3. Upload file .torrent (nh tun theo cc quy nh ca torrentbox vic upload c thnh cng) 4. Download .torrent v, open ri seed 5. Post file .torrent ln web Ch : a ch tracker ca torrentbox l _http://tracker.torrentbox.com:2710/announce . Khi to file .torrent, mc in a ch tracker, anh em hy in ci ny.