n thi i hc hnh khng gian Gv : Gia Phc

1
1/ Cho hnh lng tr ABC.A B C c y l tam gic u cnh a, hnh chiu vung gc ca A ln mt
phng (ABC) trng vi tm O ca tam gic ABC. Tnh th tch khi lng tr ABC.A B C bit
khong cch gia AA v BC l
a 3
4


Gi M l trung im BC ta thy:
)
`

BC O A
BC AM
'
) ' ( AM A BC
K , ' AA MH (do A Z nhn nn H thuc trong on AA.)
Do BC HM
AM A HM
AM A BC

)
`

) ' (
) ' (
.Vy HM l an vng gc chung ca
AAv BC, do
4
3
) BC , A' ( a HM A d = = .
Xt 2 tam gic ng dng AAO v AMH, ta c:
AH
HM
AO
O A
=
'

suy ra
3
a
a 3
4
4
3 a
3
3 a
AH
HM . AO
O ' A = = =
Th tch khi lng tr:
12
3 a
a
2
3 a
3
a
2
1
BC . AM . O ' A
2
1
S . O ' A V
3
ABC
= = = =
2/Cho hnh chp t gic S.ABCD c y l hnh ch nht vi SA vung gc vi y, G l trng tm
tam gic SAC, mt phng (ABG) ct SC ti M, ct SD ti N. Tnh th tch ca khi a din MNABCD
bit SA=AB=a v gc hp bi ng thng AN v mp(ABCD) bng
0
30 .

+ Trong mp(SAC) k AG ct SC ti M, trong mp(SBD) k BG ct SD ti N.
+ V G l trng tm tam gic ABC nn d c
2
3
SG
SO
= suy ra G cng l trng tm tam gic SBD.
T suy ra M, N ln lt l trung im ca
SC, SD.
+ D c:
. . .
1 1
2 2
S ABD S BCD S ABCD
V V V V = = = .
Theo cng thc t s th tch ta c:
.
.
.
1 1 1
. . 1.1.
2 2 4
S ABN
S ABN
S ABD
V SA SB SN
V V
V SA SB SD
= = = =
.
.
.
1 1 1 1
. . 1. .
2 2 4 8
S BMN
S ABN
S BCD
V SB SM SN
V V
V SB SC SD
= = = =
T suy ra:
. . .
3
.
8
S ABMN S ABN S BMN
V V V V = + =
+ Ta c:
1
. ( )
3
V SAdt ABCD = ; m theo gi thit ( ) SA ABCD nn gc hp bi AN vi mp(ABCD)
chnh l gc

NAD , li c N l trung im ca SC nn tam gic NAD cn ti N, suy ra

0
30 . NAD NDA = = Suy ra:
0
3
tan30
SA
AD a = = .
Suy ra:
3
1 1 3
. ( ) . . 3
3 3 3
V SAdt ABCD a a a a = = = .
A
B
C
C
B
A
H
O
M
M
N
O
C
A
D
B
S
G
n thi i hc hnh khng gian Gv : Gia Phc
2
Suy ra: th tch cn tm l:
3
. .
3 5
8 8
5 3
.
24
= = = =
MNABCD S ABCD S ABMN
a
V V V V V V

3/ Cho hnh chp S.ABC c mt y (ABC) l tam gic u cnh a. Chn ng vung gc h
t S xung mt phng (ABC) l mt im thuc BC. Tnh khong cch gia hai ng thng
BC v SA bit SA=a v SA to vi mt phng y mt gc bng 30
0
.

Gi chn ng vung gc h t S xung BC l H.
Xt ASHA(vung ti H)
0
3
cos 30
2
a
AH SA = =
M AABC u cnh a, m cnh
3
2
a
AH =
=> H l trung im ca cnh BC
=> AH BC, m SH BC => BC(SAH)
T H h ng vung gc xung SA ti K
=> HK l khong cch gia BC v SA
=>
0
3
AHsin30
2 4
AH a
HK = = =
Vy khong cch gia hai ng thng BC v SA bng
3
4
a

4/ Cho hnh chp S.ABC c AB = AC = a. BC =
2
a
. 3 a SA = ,

0
30 = = SAB SAC . Tnh th tch khi
chp S.ABC.
Theo nh l csin ta c:

2 2 2 2 2 0 2
SB SA AB 2SA.AB. cosSAB 3a a 2.a 3.a. cos30 a = + = + =
Suy ra a SB = . Tng t ta cng c SC = a.
Gi M l trung im ca SA , do hai tam gic SAB v SAC l hai tam gic cn nn MB SA,
MC SA. Suy ra SA (MBC).
Ta c
MBC MBC MBC MBC . A MBC . S ABC . S
S . SA
3
1
S . SA
3
1
S . MA
3
1
V V V = + = + =
Hai tam gic SAB v SAC c ba cp cnh tng ng bng nhau nn chng bng nhau. Do
MB = MC hay tam gic MBC cn ti M. Gi N l trung im ca BC suy ra MN BC. Tng t ta
cng c MN SA.
16
a 3
2
3 a
4
a
a AM BN AB AM AN MN
2
2
2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
|
.
|

\
|
= = =
4
3 a
MN = .
Do
16
a
2
a
.
4
3 a
. 3 a
6
1
BC . MN
2
1
. SA
3
1
V
3
ABC . S
= = =

S
A
B
C
M
N
H
A
C
B
S
K
n thi i hc hnh khng gian Gv : Gia Phc
3
O
C
B
A
D
S
H
5/ Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh thoi ; hai ng cho AC = 2 3a , BD = 2a v ct
nhau ti O; hai mt phng (SAC) v (SBD) cng vung gc vi mt phng (ABCD). Bit khong cch
t im O n mt phng (SAB) bng
3
4
a
, tnh th tch khi chp S.ABCD theo a.
T gi thit AC = 2 3 a ; BD = 2a v AC ,BD vung gc vi nhau ti trung im O ca mi ng
cho.Ta c tam gic ABO vung ti O v AO = 3 a ; BO = a , do

0
60 A D B =
Hay tam gic ABD u.
T gi thit hai mt phng (SAC) v (SBD) cng vung gc vi mt phng (ABCD) nn giao tuyn
ca chng l SO (ABCD).
Do tam gic ABD u nn vi H l trung im ca AB, K l trung im ca HB ta c DH AB v
DH = 3 a ; OK // DH v
1 3
2 2
a
OK DH = = OK AB AB (SOK)
Gi I l hnh chiu ca O ln SK ta c OI SK; AB OI OI (SAB) , hay OI l khong cch t
O n mt phng (SAB).
Tam gic SOK vung ti O, OI l ng cao
2 2 2
1 1 1
2
a
SO
OI OK SO
= + =
Din tch y
2
4 2. . 2 3
D
S
ABC ABO
S OAOB a
A
= = = ;
ng cao ca hnh chp
2
a
SO = .
Th tch khi chp S.ABCD:
3
.
1 3
.
3 3
D D S ABC ABC
a
V S SO = =






6/ Cho hnh chp S.ABCD y ABCD l hnh thoi. SA = x (0 < x < 3 ) cc cnh cn li u bng 1.
Tnh th tch ca hnh chp S.ABCD theo x


Ta c ( . . ) SBD DCB c c c SO CO A = A =
Tng t ta c SO = OA
vy tam gic SCA vung ti S.
2
1 CA x = +

Mt khc ta c
2 2 2 2 2 2
AC BD AB BC CD AD + = + + +
2
3 ( 0 3) BD x do x = < <
2 2
1
1 3
4
ABCD
S x x = +
Gi H l hnh chiu ca S xung (CAB)
V SB = SD nn HB = HD
H e CO
M
2 2 2
2
1 1 1
1
x
SH
SH SC SA
x
= + =
+

Vy V =
2
1
3 ( vtt)
6
x x d
S
A
B
K
H
C
O
I
D
3a

a
n thi i hc hnh khng gian Gv : Gia Phc
4

7/ Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh ch nht vi AB = a , AD = 2a . Cnh SA vung
gc vi mt phng y , cnh bn SB to vi mt phng y mt gc 60
0
.Trn cnh SA ly im M
sao cho AM =
3
3
a
, mt phng ( BCM) ct cnh SD ti N .Tnh th tch khi chp S.BCNM
















Tnh th tch hnh chp SBCMN
( BCM)// AD nn mt phng ny ct mp( SAD) theo giao tuyn MN // AD
Ta c :
BC AB
BC BM
BC SA

. T gic BCMN l hnh thang vung c BM l ng cao

Ta c SA = AB tan60
0
= a 3 ,
3
3
2
3
2 3
3
a
a
MN SM MN
AD SA a
a

= = =
Suy ra MN =
4
3
a
. BM =
2
3
a
Din tch hnh thang BCMN l :
S =
2
4
2
2 10
3
2 2 3 3 3
a
a
BC MN a a
BM
| |
+
|
+
= =
|
|
\ .

H AH BM . Ta c SH BM v BC (SAB) BC SH . Vy SH ( BCNM)
SH l ng cao ca khi chp SBCNM
Trong tam gic SBA ta c SB = 2a ,
AB AM
SB MS
= =
1
2
.
Vy BM l phn gic ca gc SBA

0
30 SBH = SH = SB.sin30
0
= a
Gi V l th tch chp SBCNM ta c V =
1
.( )
3
SH dtBCN M =
3
10 3
27
a







A
S
B
C
M
N
D
n thi i hc hnh khng gian Gv : Gia Phc
5
8/ Cho t di n ABCD c ba c nh AB, BC, CD i mt vung gc vi nhau v a CD BC AB = = = . Gi
C v D ln lt l hnh chiu ca im B tr n AC v AD. Tnh thtch tch t di n ABCD.

V AB CD BC CD , n n ) (ABC mp CD v do
) ( ) ( ACD mp ABC mp .V AC BC ' n n ) (ACD mp BC .
Suy ra nu V l th tch t din ABCD th ' ). ' ' (
3
1
BC D AC dt V = .
Vtam gi c ABC vung cn n n
2
2
' ' '
a
BC CC AC = = = .
Ta c
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
3a CD BC AB BD AB AD = + + = + = n n 3 a AD = . V BD l ng cao ca tam gic
vung ABD n n
2
'. AB AD AD = , Vy
3
'
a
AD = . Ta c
12
2
3
1
3
3
2
2
2
1
'. '.
2
1

sin ' '.

2
1
) ' ' (
2
a a a
AD
CD
AD AC D A C AD AC D AC dt = = = = . Vy
= =
2
2
.
12
2
3
1
2
a a
V
36
3
a


9/ Cho chp S.ABC c y ABC l tam gic vung ti C, AC = 2, BC = 4. Cnh bn SA = 5 vung
gc vi y. Gi D l trung im cnh AB.
1).Tnh gc gia AC v SD; 2).Tnh khong cch gia BC v SD.

a)Ta c : AB = 2 5 ,
Gi M l trung im ca BC ,
ta c : DM = 1
SD =
2 2
SA AD 30 + = ,
SC =
2 2
SA AC 29 + =
SM =
2 2
SC CM 33 + =
Ta c :
2 2 2
SD MD SM 30 1 33 1
cos SDM
2SD.MD 2 30 30
+ +
Z = = = (*)
Gc m gia hai ng thng AC v SD l gc gia hai ng thng DM v SD hay m b v i gc
ZSDM . Do : cosm =
1
30

b) K DN // BC v N thuc AC . Ta c : BC // ( SND) . Do :
d(BC, SD) = d( BC/(SND)) = d(c/(SND))
K CK v AH vung gc vi SN , H v K thuc ng thng SN
Ta c : DN // BC ( ) DN AC 1
V ( ) ( ) SA ABC SA DN 2
T (1) v (2) suy ra : DN ( SAC) ( ) DN KC 3
Do cch dng v (3) ta c : CK (SND) hay CK l khong cch t C n mp(SND)
Mt kh c : ANH = CNK n n AH = CK
M trong tam gic vung SAN li c :
2 2 2
1 1 1 1 5
1 AH
AH SA AN 25 26
= + = + =
Vy khong cch gia BC v SD l : CK =
5
26


n thi i hc hnh khng gian Gv : Gia Phc
6
10/ :Cho hai hnh chp S.ABCD v S.ABCD c chung y l hnh vung ABCD cnh a. Hai nh S
v S nm v cng mt pha i vi mt phng (ABCD), c hnh chiu vung gc ln y ln lt l
trung im H ca AD v trung im K ca BC. Tnh th tch phn chung ca hai hnh chp, bit rng
SH = SK =h.

M
N
A
B
D C
S
S'
H
K

SABS v SDCS l hnh bnh hnh => M, N l trung im SB, SD :
. . S ABCD S AMND
V V V =
. . . S AMND S AMD S MND
V V V = + ;
. .
. .
1 1
; . ;
2 4
S AMD S MND
S ABD S BCD
V V SM SM SN
V SB V SB SC
= = = =
. . .
1
2
S ABD S ACD S ABCD
V V V = = ;
. . .
3 5
8 8
S AMND S ABCD S ABCD
V V V V = =
2
5
24
V a h =

11/ Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y l hnh vung cnh a , SA vung gc vi y v SA=a .Gi M,N
ln lt l trung im ca SB v SD;I l giao im ca SD v mt phng (AMN). Chng minh SD
vung gc vi AI v tnh th tch khi chp MBAI.

Ta c
, ( , )
, ( )
AM BC BC SA BC AB
AM SB SA AB

AM SC (1)
Tng t ta c AN SC (2)
T (1) v (2) suy ra AI SC
V IH song song vi BC ct SB ti H. Khi IH vung gc vi (AMB)
Suy ra
1
.
3
ABMI ABM
V S IH =
Ta c
2
4
ABM
a
S =
2 2
2 2 2 2 2
. 1 1 1
2 3 3 3
IH SI SI SC SA a
IH BC a
BC SC SC SA AC a a
= = = = = = =
+ +

Vy
2 3
1
3 4 3 36
ABMI
a a a
V = =
12/ Trn cnh AD ca hnh vung ABCD c di l a, ly im M sao cho AM = x (0 < x s a).
Trn ng thng vung gc vi mt phng (ABCD) ti A, ly im S sao cho SA = 2a.
a) Tnh khong cch t im M n mt phng (SAC).
b) K MH vung gc v i AC t i H . Tm vtrca M thtch khi chp SMCH l n nht

Do
( )
( ) ( )
( )
SA ABCD
SAC ABCD
SA SAC

Lai c
n thi i hc hnh khng gian Gv : Gia Phc
7
( ) ( )
( ) ( , ) .sin 45
2
o
MH AC SAC ABCD
x
MH SAC d M SAC MH AM
=
= = =


13/ Cho t din u ABCD c cnh bng 1. Gi M, N l cc im ln lt di ng trn cc cnh AB,
AC sao cho ( ) ( ) DMN ABC . t AM = x, AN = y. Tnh th tch t din DAMN theo x v y. Chng
minh rng: 3 . x y xy + =


Dng DH MN H =
Do ( ) ( ) ( ) DMN ABC DH ABC m . D ABC l
t din u nn H l tm tam gic u ABC .
Trong tam gic vung DHA:
2
2 2 2
3 6
1
3 3
DH DA AH
| |
= = =
|
|
\ .

Din tch tam gic AMN l
0
1 3
. .sin 60
2 4
AMN
S AM AN xy = =
Th tch t din . D AMN l
1 2
.
3 12
AMN
V S DH xy = =
Ta c:
AMN AMH AMH
S S S = +
0 0 0
1 1 1
.sin 60 . .sin30 . .sin30
2 2 2
xy x AH y AH = +
3 . x y xy + =

14/ Cho hnh chp SABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung cnh a, tm O. Cnh bn SA vung gc vi
mp (ABCD) v SA = a; M l trung im cnh SD.
a) Mt phng (o) i qua OM v vung gc vi mt phng (ABCD) ct hnh chp SABCD theo
thit din l hnh g? Tnh din tch thit din theo a.
b) Gi H l trung im ca CM; I l im thay i trn SD. Chng minh OH (SCD); v hnh
chiu ca O trn CI thuc ng trn c nh.

O
Q
H
P
A D
B
C
S
I
M
N
I
a. K MQ//SA => ( ) ( ) ( ) MQ ABCD MQO
Thit din l hnh thang vung MNPQ (MN//PQ)
2
( ). 3
2 8
td
MN PQ MQ a
S
+
= =
D
A
B C
H
M
N
n thi i hc hnh khng gian Gv : Gia Phc
8
Gi K l hnh chiu ca O trn CI , ( ) OK CI OH CI CI OKH CI HK
Trong mp(SCD) : H, K c nh, gc HKC vung => K thuc ng trn g knh HC
M (2 2; ), (2 3; 2), (2 1; 4) M t t AM t t BM t t eA + = + =


2 2 2
2 15 4 43 ( ) AM BM t t f t + = + + =
Min f(t) =
2
15
f
| |

|
\ .
=> M
26 2
;
15 15
| |

|
\ .


15/ Trong mt phng (P) cho ng trn (C) tm O ng knh AB = 2R.Trn ng thng vung gc
v i (P) t i O l y i m S sao cho OS = R 3 . I l im thuc on OS vi SI =
2
3
R
. M l mt im
thuc (C). H l hnh chiu ca I trn SM. Tm v tr ca M trn (C) t din ABHM c th tch ln
nht.Tm gi trl n nht .
S
H
I
O
B
M
A

T gi c I HMO ni ti p nn SH.SM = SI.SO m OS = R 3 , SI =
2
3
R
,
SM =
2 2
2 SO OM R + = SH = R hay H l trung im ca SM
Gi K l hnh chiu vung gc ca H ln mp(MAB) th HK =
1
2
SO=
3
2
R , (khng i )
V
BA HM
l n nht khi dt( A MAB) l n nht M l im gia ca cung AB
Khi V
BA HM
=
3
3
6
R (vtt)

16/ Cho hnh chp S.ABC c y ABC l tam gic vung cn ti nh A (

A= 90
o
), AB=AC=a. Mt
bn qua cnh huyn BC vung gc vi mt y, hai mt bn cn li u hp vi mt y cc gc 60
o
.
Hy tnh th tch ca khi chp S.ABC.

K SH vung gc vi BC. Suy ra SH mp (ABC)
K SI vung gc vi AB v SJ AC
gc SIH=gc SJH = 60
o
tam gic SHI = tam gic SHJ
HI = HJ AIHJ l hnh vung
I l trung im AB IH = a/2
Trong tam gic vung SHI ta c SH =
a 3
2


V
(SABC)
=
3
1 a 3
SH.dt(ABC)
3 12
=
(vtt)
I

H

J

S

B

C

A

n thi i hc hnh khng gian Gv : Gia Phc
9

17/ Hnh chp t gic u SABCD c khong cch t A n mt phng ( ) SBC bng 2. Vi gi tr
no ca gc o gia mt bn v mt y ca chp th th tch ca chp nh nht?

Gi M, N l trung im BC, AD, gi H l hnh chiu vung gc t N xung SM. Ta c:

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
ABCD 2
SABCD 2 2
2 2 2
2 2 2
2
2
SABCD
SMN , d A; SBC d N; SBC NH 2
NH 2 4
MN S MN
sin sin sin
tan 1
SI MI. tan
sin cos
1 4 1 4
V
3 sin cos 3.sin .cos
sin sin 2cos 2
sin .sin .2cos
3 3
1
sin .cos
3
V min sin .cos max
s
= o = = =
= = = =
o o o
o
= o = =
o o
= =
o o o o
o + o + o
o o o s =
o o s
o o

2 2
1
in 2cos cos
3
o = o o =


18/ Chp tam gic u SABC c y l tam gic u cnh bng a, cc cnh bn to vi y mt
gc 60
0
.Hy tnh th tch ca khi chp .
gi D l trung im ca BC v E l tm y
Khi
A
B
C
S
D
E

AE=
3
2
AD=
3
3 a

Ta c ZSAD=60
0
nn SE=AE.tan60
0
=a
S
ABC
=
4
3
2
a
Do V
SABC
=
3
1
SE.S
ABC
=
12
3
3
a

N
M I
D
A
B
C
S
H
n thi i hc hnh khng gian Gv : Gia Phc
10
19/ Cho hnh chp tam gic SABC c SA=5a,BC=6a,CA=7a. Cc mt bn SAB,SBC,SCA cng to
vi y mt gc 60
0
.Tnh th tch ca khi chp
Ta c hnh chiu ca nh S trng tm D ng trn ni tip y

A
B
C
S
D
k

Ta c p=
2
CA BC AB + +
=9a
Nn S
ABC
= ) )( )( ( c p b p a p p =6a
2
. 6
mt khc S
ABC
=pr r=
p
S
= 6
3
2
a
trong ASDK c SD=KDtan60
0
= r.tan60
0
= 2a. 2
Do V
SABC
=
3
1
SD.S
ABC
=8a
3
. 3
20/ cho hnh chp SABC c cc cnh bn bng nhau cng hp vi y gc 60
0
, y l
tam gic cn AB=AC=a v ZBAC=120
0
. Tnh th tch khi chp .

O
A
C
B
S
O

Gi D l trung BC v O l tm ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC
C SO chnh l ng cao
n thi i hc hnh khng gian Gv : Gia Phc
11
S
ABC
=1/2.AB.AC.sin120
0
=
4
3
2
a
v BC=2BD=2.ABsin60
0
=a. 3
OA=R=
s
c b a
4
. .
=a SO=OA.tan60
0
=a. 3
Do vy V
SABC
=
3
1
SO.S
ABC
=1/4a
3
.
21/ Cho hnh chp SABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung cnh 2a,SA=a, SB=a 3 v mpSAB vung
gc vi mt y. Gi M,N ln lt l trung im ca AB,BC. Hy tnh th tch khi chp SBMDN.

B
A
D
C
S
H
M
N

H SH AB ti H th SH chnh l ng cao
S
ADM
=1/2AD.AM=a
2

S
CDN
=1/2.CD.CN=.a
2

Nn S
BMDN
=S
ABCD
-S
ADM
-S
CDN
=4a
2
-2a
2
=2a
2
.
mt khc
2 2 2
1 1 1
SB SA SH
+ = SH=
2 2
2 2
.
SB SA
SB SA
+
=
2
3 a

do V
SBMDN
=
3
1
.SH.S
BMDN
=
3
3
3
a

22/ Cho hnh chp S.ABCD, y ABCD l hnh thang vung ti A,D; AB=AD=2a,CD=a. Gc gia
hai mpSBC v ABCD bng 60
0
. Gi I l trung im ca AD, Bit hai mp SBI,SCI cng vung gc
vi mpABCD. Tnh th tch khi chp S.ABCD.
n thi i hc hnh khng gian Gv : Gia Phc
12

A
B
D
C
S
I
H
J

Gi H trung im l ca I ln BC, J l trung im AB.
Ta c SI mpABCD
IC=
2 2
DC ID + =a 2
IB=
2 2
AB IA + =a 5 v BC=
2 2
JB CJ + =a 5
S
ABCD
=1/2AD(AB+CD)=3a
2

S
IBA
=1/2.IA.AB=a
2
v S
CDI
=
1/2.DC.DI=1/2.a
2


S
IBC
=S
ABCD
-S
IAB
-S
DIC
=
2
3
2
a

mt khc S
IBC
=
2
1
.IH.BC nn IH = a
BC
S
IBC
5
3 3 2
=
SI=IH.tan60
0
= a
5
3 . 9
.
Do V
ABCD
=
3
1
SI.S
ABCD
=
5
15 3
a
3

23/ Cho chp SABC c SA=SB=SC=a, ZASB= 60
0
, ZCSB=90
0
, ZCSA=120
0

CMR tam gic ABC vung ri tnh th tch chp.
n thi i hc hnh khng gian Gv : Gia Phc
13
Gi E,D ln lt l AC,BC
A
C
B
S
E
D

A SAB u AB=a,
A SBC Vung BC=a. 2
A SAC c AE=SA.sin60
0
=
2
3 a
AC=a 3 v SE=SAcos60
0
=
2
1
a.
AABC c AC
2
=BA
2
+BC
2
=3a
2
vy AABC vung ti B
C S
ABC
=
2
1
.BA.BC=
2
2
2
a

A SBE c BE=
2
1
AC=
2
3 a

SB
2
=BE
2
+SE
2
=a
2
nn BE SE
AC SE
Do SE chnh l ng cao
V
SABC
=
3
1
SE.S
ABC
=
3
12
2
a
24/ Cho khi lng tr ng ABC.A
1
B
1
C
1
c y l tam gic vung ti A,AC=a, ZACB=60
0 .
ng
thng BC
1
to vi mp(A
1
ACC
1
)mt gc 30
0
.Tnh th tch khi lng tr.

A B
C
A1 B1
C1
n thi i hc hnh khng gian Gv : Gia Phc
14
Trong tam gic ABC c AB=AC.tan60
0
=a 3
ABAC v ABA
1
A
Nn AB mp(ACC
1
A) do ZAC
1
B=30
0
v AC
1
=AB.cot30
0
=3a.
.D pitago cho tam gic ACC
1
: CC
1
=
2 2
1
AC AC =2a 2
Do vy V
LT
=CC
1
.S
ABC
= 2a 2 .
2
1
.a.a 3 =a
3
. 6
25/ Cho khi tr tam gic ABCA
1
B
1
C
1
c y l tam gic u cnh a, im A
1
cch u ba
im A,B.C,cnh bn A
1
A to vi mp y mt gc 60
0
.Hy tnh th tch khi tr .

G
A1
B1
C1
A B
C
H
I

Ta c tam gic ABC u cnh a nn S
ABC
=
4
3
2
a

mt khc A
1
A=

A
1
B=

A
1
C A
1
ABC l t din u
gi G l trng tm tam gic ABC c A
1
G l ng cao
Trong tam gic A
1
AG c AG=2/3AH=
3
3 a
v ZA
1
AG=60
0

A
1
G=AG.tan60
0
=a. vy V
LT
=A
1
G.S
ABC
=
4
3 .
3
a

26/ Cho khi tr tam gic ABCA
1
B
1
C
1
c y l ABC l tam gic vung cn vi cnh huyn
AB= 2 .Cho bit mpABB
1
vung gc vi y,A
1
A= 3 ,Gc A
1
AB nhn, gc gia mpA
1
AC v y
bng 60
0
. hy tnh th tch tr.
Tam gic ABC c cnh huyn AB= 2 v cn nn CA=CB=1;
S
ABC=
1/2.CA.CA=1/2.
. MpABB
1
vung gc vi ABC t A
1
h A
1
G AB ti G.
n thi i hc hnh khng gian Gv : Gia Phc
15
A
1
G chnh l ng cao
T G h GH AC ti H
Gt gc A
1
HG=60
0

t AH=x(x>0)
Do AAHG vung cn ti H nn HG=x v AG=x 2

AHGA
1
c A
1
G=HG.tan60
0
=x. 3
AA
1
AG c A
1
A
2
=AG
2
+A
1
G
2
3=2x
2
+3x
2
hay x=
5
15


A1
B1
C1
A
C
B G
H

Do A
1
G=
5
5 3
vy V
LT
=A
1
G.S
ABC
=
10
5 3

27/ Cho khi hp ABCD.A
1
B
1
C
1
D
1
c y l hcn vi AB= 3 v AD= 7 . Cc mt bn ABB
1
A
1
v A
1
D
1
DA ln lt to vi y nhng gc 45
0
v 60
0
. Hy tnh th tch khi hp bit cnh bn
bng 1.


A1
D1 C1
A
D
B
C
F
B1
N
H
M

Gi H l hnh chiu ca A
1
ln mpABCD
n thi i hc hnh khng gian Gv : Gia Phc
16
T H h HMAD ti M v HNAB ti N
Theo gt Z A
1
MH=60
0
v ZA
1
NH=45
0

t A
1
H=x(x>0) ta c A
1
M=
0
60 sin
x
=
3
2x

t gic AMHN l hcn( gc A,M,N vung)
Nn HN=AM m AM=
2
1
2
1
M A AA =
3
4 3
2
x

Mt khc trong tam gic A
1
HN c HN=x.cot45
0

Suy ra x =
3
4 3
2
x
hay x=
7
3
vy V
HH
=AB.AD.x= 3.

28/ Cho khi tr tam gic ABCA
1
B
1
C
1
c y l tam gic u cnh a. A
1
A =2a v A
1
A
to vi mpABC mt gc 60
0
. Tnh th tch khi t din A
1
B
1
CA.

A1 C1
B1
A
B
C
H
K

Gi H l hnh chiu ca A
1
trn mpABC
Khi A
1
H=A
1
A.sinA
1
AH=2a.sin60
0
=a. 3
M V
LT
=A
1
H.S
ABC
=
4
3
4
3 .
. 3 .
3 2
a a
a =
nhn thy khi lng tr c chia lm ba khi chp
khi chp CA
1
B
1
C
1
c
1 1 1
C B CA
V =
3
1
V
LT

khi chp B
1
ABC c
ABC B
V
1
=
3
1
V
LT
n thi i hc hnh khng gian Gv : Gia Phc
17

Khi chp A
1
B
1
CA do
AC B A
V
1 1
=
3
1
V
LT
=
4
3
a

29/ Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hcn,AB=a,AD=a 3 ,SA=2a v SA

ABCD, Mt mp
i qua A v vung gc vi SC,ct SB,SC,SD ln lt ti H,I,K. Hy tnh th tch khi chp S.AHIK
theo a
Cch 1 tnh trc tip
Ta c

a AC a a a CD AD AC 2 4 3
2 2 2 2 2 2
= = + = + =

Nn ASAC cn ti A m AI SC nn I l trung im SC
AI=SI= 2 .
2
2 2
2
1
a
a
SC = =

SAB BC
ABCD SA SA BC AB BC

) ( ,

M SC AH cho nn ABC

5
2 . 1 1 1
2 2
2 2 2
a
AB SA
BA SA
AH
AS AB AH
=
+
= + =

Trong tam gic vung HAI c
5
6
5
4
2
2
2 2 2
a a
a AH AI HI = = =
Tng t ta c
A
D
B C
S
I
K
H

n thi i hc hnh khng gian Gv : Gia Phc
18
AK=
7
14 a


35
3 . 8
)
7
14
.
7
3 2
5
6
.
5
2
( 2 .
6
1
) . . .(
6
1
.
2
1
. .
3
1
. .
2
1
. .
3
1
3
a a a a a
a V
KI AK HI AH SI KI AK SI HI AH SI V V V
SAHIK
SIKA SIHA SAHIK
= + =
+ = + = + =



Cch 2 tnh gin tip
Tng t nh cc 1 ta ch lp lun AH SB, AKSD

35
3 . 4
3 . . 2 .
3
1
..
5
4
.
2
1
. .
2
1
.
. .
.
3
2
2
2
2
a
a a
a
a
V
SB
SA
V
SC SB
SI SH
V
SABC SABC SAHI
= = = =
Tng t
35
3 . 4
3
a
V
SAIK
=
Do V
SAHIK
=
35
3 . 8
3
a

30/ Cho hnh chp S.ABCD,SA l ng cao,y l hcn vi SA=a,AB=b, AD=c. Trong mpSDB
ly G l trng tm tam gic SDB qua G k ng thng d ct cnh BS ti M, ct cnh SD ti
N,mpAMN ct SC ti K . Xc nh M thuc SB sao cho V
SAMKN
t gi tr ln nht v nh nht, Hy
tm gi tr ln nht v nh nht

G
O
D
B
S
A
C
K
M
N

Gi O L tm hcn ABCD
n thi i hc hnh khng gian Gv : Gia Phc
19
Ta c SG=
3
2
.SO v K=A GSC v K l trung im SC

c b a
SB
SM
V
SB
SM
V
SB
SM
V
SC
SK
SA
SA
SB
SM
V
V
SABCD SBAC SMAK
SBAC
SMAK
. . .
12
1
. .
4
1
. .
2
1
. . = = = =
Tng t c b a
SC
SN
V
SNAK
. . . .
12
1
=
Do c b a
SC
SN
SB
SM
V
SAMKN
. . ). .(
12
1
+
Trong mpSBD
B
S
D
O
G
H
M
N


) (
3
1
.
.
. . 2
.
. . 2
.
2 2 2
.
SC
SN
SB
SM
SC SB
SN SM
SC SO
SN SG
SB SO
SM SG
S
S
S
S
S
S S
SC
SN
SB
SM
S
S
SOD
SGN
SBO
SGM
SBO
SGN SMG
SBD
SMN
+ =
+ = + =
+
= =

Do M,N ln lt nm trn cnh SB,SD nn 1
2
1
2
s s s s
SB
SM
SB SM
SB


t t=
SN
SM
( 1
2
1
s s t ) th
1 3
) (
3
1
.

= + =
t
t
SC
SN
SC
SN
t
SC
SN
t

Nhn thy V
SAMKN
t GTLN,GTNN nu f(t)=
1 3
+ = +
t
t
t
SC
SN
SB
SM
vi 1
2
1
s s t
Ta c
2
2
2
) 1 3 (
6 9
) 1 3 (
1
1 ) (

= '
t
t t
t
t f
Nn 0 ,
3
2
0 ) ( = = = ' t t t f (loi)
f(1/2)=3/2 , f(1)=3/2 f(2/3)=4/3
n thi i hc hnh khng gian Gv : Gia Phc
20
do vy V
SAMKN
=
8
abc
l GTLN khi M l trung im SB hoc M trng vi B
V
SAMKN
=
9
abc
l GTNN khi MB chim 1 phn SB

31/ Khi chp tam gic SABC c y ABC l tam gic vung cn nh C v SA vung gc vi mt
phng (ABC), SC = a . Hy tm gc gia hai mt phng (SCB) v (ABC) th tch khi chp ln
nht .
( vi 0 <
2
t
m < )
32/ Cho hnh chp S.ABC c y ABC l tam gic vung ti A vi AB = a, cc mt bn l cc tam
gic cn ti nh S. Hai mt phng (SAB) v (SAC) cng to vi mt phng y gc 60
0
. Tnh csin
ca gc gia hai mt phng (SAB) v (SBC) .
*Gi H l trung im BC , chng minh ( ) SH ABC
*Xc nh ng gc gia hai mt phng (SAB) , (SAC) vi mt y l

0
60 SEH SFH = =
*K HK SB , lp lun suy ra gc gia hai mt phng (SAB) v (SBC)
bng HKA .
*Lp lun v tnh c AC=AB=a ,
2
2
a
HA = ,
0
3
tan 60
2
a
SH HF = =
*Tam gic SHK vung ti H c
2 2 2
1 1 1 3
10
KH a
HK HS HB
= + =
*Tam gic AHK vung ti H c
2
20
2
tan
3 3
10
a
AH
AKH
KH
a
= = =

3
cos
23
AKH =
Gi m l gc gia hai mp (SCB) v (ABC) .
Ta c :

SCA m = ; BC = AC = a.cos m ; SA = a.sinm

Vy
( )
3 2 3 2
SABC ABC
1 1 1 1
V .S .SA .AC.BC.SA a sin .cos a sin 1 sin
3 6 6 6
= = = m m = m m
Xt hm s : f(x) = x x
3
trn khong ( 0; 1)
Ta c : f(x) = 1 3x
2
. ( )
1
f ' x 0 x
3
= =
T ta thy trn khong (0;1) hm s
f(x) lin tc v c mt im cc tr l im
cc i, nn ti hm s t GTLN
hay
( )
( )
x 0;1
1 2
Maxf x f
3 3 3
e
| |
= =
|
\ .

Vy MaxV
SABC
=
3
a
9 3
, t c khi
sin m =
1
3
hay
1
arcsin
3
m =
A
B
C
S

m
n thi i hc hnh khng gian Gv : Gia Phc
21
33/ Cho l ng tr tam gi c ABC.A
1
B
1
C
1
c tt c cc cnh bng a, gc to bi cnh bn v mt phng
y bng 30
0
. Hnh chi u H ca i m A tr n mt phng (A
1
B
1
C
1
) thuc ng thng B
1
C
1
. Tnh khong
cch gia hai ng thng AA
1
v B
1
C
1
theo a.
Do ) (
1 1 1
C B A AH n n gc H AA
1
Z l gc gia AA
1
v (A
1
B
1
C
1
), theo gi thi t thgc H AA
1
Z bng
30
0
. Xt tam gi c vung AHA
1
c AA
1
= a, gc H AA
1
Z =30
0

2
3
1
a
H A = . Do tam gi c A
1
B
1
C
1
l
tam gi c u c nh a, H thuc B
1
C
1
v
2
3
1
a
H A = n n A
1
H vung gc v i B
1
C
1
. Mt kh c
1 1
C B AH n n ) (
1 1 1
H AA C B














K ng cao HK ca tam gi c AA
1
H th HK chnh l khong cch gia AA
1
v B
1
C
1
Ta c AA
1
.HK = A
1
H.AH
4
3 .
1
1
a
AA
AH H A
HK = =
Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh ch nht vi AB = 2a, BC = a. Cc cnh bn ca hnh
chp bng nhau v bng 2 a .
a) Tnh th tch khi chp S.ABCD theo a.
b) Gi M, N, E, F ln lt l trung im ca cc cnh AB, CD, SC, SD. Chng minh ng thng
SN vung gc vi mt phng (MEF).
34/ Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh thoi ; hai ng cho AC = 2 3a , BD = 2a v ct
nhau ti O; hai mt phng (SAC) v (SBD) cng vung gc vi mt phng (ABCD). Bit khong cch
t im O n mt phng (SAB) bng
3
4
a
, tnh th tch khi chp S.ABCD theo a.

T gi thit AC = 2 3 a ; BD = 2a v AC ,BD vung gc vi nhau ti trung im O ca mi ng
cho.Ta c tam gic ABO vung ti O v AO = 3 a ; BO = a , do

0
60 A D B =
Hay tam gic ABD u.
T gi thit hai mt phng (SAC) v (SBD) cng vung gc vi mt phng (ABCD) nn Do tam gic
ABD u nn vi H l trung im ca AB, K l trung im ca HB ta c DH AB v DH = 3 a ;
OK // DH v
1 3
2 2
a
OK DH = = OK AB AB (SOK)
A
1
A B
C
C
B
1
K
H
A
1
A B
C
C
B
1
K
H
n thi i hc hnh khng gian Gv : Gia Phc
22
Gi I l hnh chiu ca O ln SK ta c OI SK; AB OI OI (SAB) , hay OI l khong cch t
O n mt phng (SAB).giao tuyn ca chng l SO (ABCD).
Tam gic SOK vung ti O, OI l ng cao
2 2 2
1 1 1
2
a
SO
OI OK SO
= + =
Din tch y
2
4 2. . 2 3
D
S
ABC ABO
S OAOB a
A
= = = ;
ng cao ca hnh chp
2
a
SO = .
Th tch khi chp S.ABCD:
3
.
1 3
.
3 3
D D S ABC ABC
a
V S SO = =




35/ Cho l ng tr tam gi c ABC.A
1
B
1
C
1
c tt c cc cnh bng a, gc to bi cnh bn v mt phng
y bng 30
0
. Hnh chi u H ca i m A tr n mt phng (A
1
B
1
C
1
) thuc ng thng B
1
C
1
. Tnh khong
cch gia hai ng thng AA
1
v B
1
C
1
theo a.

Do ) (
1 1 1
C B A AH n n gc H AA
1
Z l gc gia AA
1
v (A
1
B
1
C
1
), theo gi thi t thgc H AA
1
Z bng
30
0
. Xt tam gi c vung AHA
1
c AA
1
= a, gc H AA
1
Z =30
0

2
3
1
a
H A = . Do tam gi c A
1
B
1
C
1
l
tam gi c u c nh a, H thuc B
1
C
1
v
2
3
1
a
H A = n n A
1
H vung gc v i B
1
C
1
. Mt kh c
1 1
C B AH n n ) (
1 1 1
H AA C B















K ng cao HK ca tam gic AA
1
H th HK chnh l khong cch gia AA
1
v B
1
C
1

Ta c AA
1
.HK = A
1
H.AH
4
3 .
1
1
a
AA
AH H A
HK = =
S
A
B
K
H
C
O
I
D
3a

a
A
1
A B
C
C
B
1
K
H
n thi i hc hnh khng gian Gv : Gia Phc
23
36/ Tnh th tch ca hnh chp S.ABC, bit y ABC l mt tam gic u cnh a, mt bn ( SAB)
vung gc vi y, hai mt bn cn l cng to vi y mt gc .
Dng SH AB
Ta co:
(SAB) (ABC), (SAB) (ABC) AB, SH (SAB) = c
SH (ABC) vaSH l ang cao cua hnh chop.
Dng HN BC, HP AC


SN BC, SP AC SPH SNH = = o
SHN = SHP HN = HP.
AHP vuong co:
o
a 3
HP HA.si n60 .
4
= =

SHP vuong co: = o = o
a 3
SH HP. tan tan
4





Thetch hnh chop = = o = o
2 3
ABC
1 1 a 3 a 3 a
S.ABC : V .SH.S . . tan . tan
3 3 4 4 16

37/ Cho hnh chp S.ABC c y ABC l tam gic vung cn nh A, AB 2 a = . Gi I l trung im
ca BC, hnh chiu vung gc H ca S ln mt y (ABC) tha mn: IH IA 2 = , gc gia SC v mt
y (ABC) bng
0
60 .Hy tnh th tch khi chp S.ABC v khong cch t trung im K ca SB ti
(SAH).

Ta c = IH IA 2 H thuc tia i ca tia IA v IA = 2IH , BC = AB 2 a 2 = ; AI= a ; IH=
2
IA
=
2
a

AH = AI + IH =
2
3a
Ta c
2
5
45 cos . 2
0 2 2 2
a
HC AH AC AH AC HC = + =
V ) ( ABC SH
0
60 )) ( ; ( = =
. .
SCH ABC SC ;
2
15
60 tan
0
a
HC SH = =
6
15
2
15
) 2 (
2
1
.
3
1
.
3
1
3
2
.
a a
a SH S V
ABC ABC S
= = =
A
) (SAH BI
SH BI
AH BI

)
`

Ta c
2 2
1
) ( ; (
2
1
)) ( ; (
2
1
)) ( ; (
)) ( ; ( a
BI SAH B d SAH K d
SB
SK
SAH B d
SAH K d
= = = = =







S
H
P
C
A
B
N

n thi i hc hnh khng gian Gv : Gia Phc

24
38/ Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y l hnh thoi , BAD Z = . Hai mt bn (SAB) v (SAD) cng
vung gc vi mt y, hai mt bn cn li hp vi y mt gc . Cnh SA = a. Tnh din tch
xung quanh v th tch khi chp S.ABCD.
(nh l 3 ng
vung gc) do
SIA Z = S


AI = a.cot , AB = AD =
cot
sin
a

, SI =
sin
a

2 2
cot
. .sin
sin
ABCD
a
S AB AD

= =
A D
3 2
.
cot
3sin
S ABCD
a
V

=

S
xq
= S
SAB
+ S
SAD
S
SBC
+ S
SCD
B
I
C
=
2
cot 1
.(1 )
sin sin
a

+
39/ Cho t din ABCD c AC = AD = a 2 , BC = BD = a, khong cch t B n mt phng (ACD)
bng
3
a
. Tnh gc gia hai mt phng (ACD) v (BCD). Bit th ca khi t din ABCD bng
3
15
27
a
.
Gi E l trung im ca CD, k BH AE
Ta c ACD cn ti A nn CD AE
Tng t BCD cn ti B nn CD BE
Suy ra CD (ABE) CD BH
M BH AE suy ra BH (ACD)
Do BH = v gc gia hai mt phng
(ACD) v (BCD) l




Th tch ca khi t din ABCD l

M
Khi : l 2 nghim ca pt: x
2
- x + = 0
2
2
2
2
3
5
3
a
AE
a
DE

hoc
2
2
2
2
5
3
3
a
AE
a
DE

trng hp v DE<a
K ng cao SI ca tam gic SBC. Khi AI BC




H
D
E
C
B
A
n thi i hc hnh khng gian Gv : Gia Phc
25
Xt BED vung ti E nn BE =
Xt BHE vung ti H nn sin =

Vy gc gia hai mp(ACD) v (BCD) l
40/ Cho hnh chp S.ABC c AB = AC = a. BC =
2
a
. 3 a SA = ,

0
30 = = SAB SAC . Tnh thtch khi
chp S.ABC.


Theo nh l csi n ta c:
2 2 2 2 2 0 2
SB SA AB 2SA.AB. cosSAB 3a a 2.a 3.a. cos30 a = + = + =
Suy ra a SB = . Tng t ta cng c SC = a.
Gi M l trung im ca SA , do hai tam gic SAB v SAC l hai tam gi c cn nn MB SA,
MC SA. Suy ra SA (MBC).
Ta c
MBC MBC MBC MBC . A MBC . S ABC . S
S . SA
3
1
S . SA
3
1
S . MA
3
1
V V V = + = + =
Hai tam gic SAB v SAC c ba cp cnh tng ng bng nhau nn chng bng nhau. Do
MB = MC hay tam gic MBC cn ti M. Gi N l trung im ca BC suy ra MN BC. Tng t ta
cng c MN SA.
16
a 3
2
3 a
4
a
a AM BN AB AM AN MN
2
2
2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
|
.
|

\
|
= = =
4
3 a
MN = .
Do
16
a
2
a
.
4
3 a
. 3 a
6
1
BC . MN
2
1
. SA
3
1
V
3
ABC . S
= = =

2
2
2
2
3
5
3
a
AE
a
DE

hoc
2
2
2
2
5
3
3
a
AE
a
DE

trng hp v DE<a
Xt BED vung ti E nn BE =
Xt BHE vung ti H nn sin =
S
A
B
C
M
N
n thi i hc hnh khng gian Gv : Gia Phc
26
41/ Cho hnh lng tr tam gic u ABC.ABC c cnh y bng a. Bit khong cch gia hai
ng thng AB v AC bng
15
5
a
. Tnh th tch ca khi lng tr
Gi M; M ln lt l trung im ca AB v AB. H MH MC
AB // (ABC) ==> d(AB,AC) = MH
HC =
15
10
a
; MC =
15
2
a
; MM = 3 a
Vy V =
3
3
4
a



42/ Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh thoi ; hai ng cho AC = 2 3a , BD = 2a v ct
nhau ti O; hai mt phng (SAC) v (SBD) cng vung gc vi mt phng (ABCD). Bit khong cch
t im O n mt phng (SAB) bng
3
4
a
, tnh th tch khi chp S.ABCD theo a.







T gi thit AC = 2 3 a ; BD = 2a v AC ,BD vung gc vi nhau ti trung im O ca mi ng
cho.Ta c tam gic ABO vung ti O v AO = 3 a ; BO = a , do

0
60 A D B =
Hay tam gic ABD u.
T gi thit hai mt phng (SAC) v (SBD) cng vung gc vi mt phng (ABCD) nn giao tuyn
ca chng l SO (ABCD).
Do tam gic ABD u nn vi H l trung im ca AB, K l trung im ca HB ta c DH AB v
DH = 3 a ; OK // DH v
1 3
2 2
a
OK DH = = OK AB AB (SOK)
Gi I l hnh chiu ca O ln SK ta c OI SK; AB OI OI (SAB) , hay OI l khong cch
Tam gic SOK vung ti O, OI l ng cao t O n mt phng (SAB).

2 2 2
1 1 1
2
a
SO
OI OK SO
= + =
Din tch y
2
4 2. . 2 3
D
S
ABC ABO
S OAOB a
A
= = = ;
S
A
B
K
H
C
O
I
D
3a

a
n thi i hc hnh khng gian Gv : Gia Phc
27
ng cao ca hnh chp
2
a
SO = .
Th tch khi chp S.ABCD:
3
.
1 3
.
3 3
D D S ABC ABC
a
V S SO = =