TO MEET AUTOMOTIVE POWER NEEDS

Two electrodes, or plates separated by a dielectric Capacitors energy stored in electric field

A C d

 Double-layer technology Electrodes: Activated carbon (carbon cloth, carbon black, particulate from SiC ) Electrolyte: KOH, organic solutions, sulfuric acid

Non uniform porosity:

Multiple time constant Much of the surface area is not utilized Limited ion mobility

Limited conductivity
activated carbon

due to amorphous nature of

Bonding limitation

due to

Electrode junction has high resistance

Carbon Nanotube Enhanced Ultracapacitor

Electrode structure of vetrically aligned carbon nanotubes

* Paintbrush structure High tube density:10 *12 - 10*13 CNT/cm Tube spacing: 5 -10 n Tube diameter: 2 -5 n Tubes length: 120 -300 m

Energy storage device with excellent power capabilities ,high reliability Long life -1 million charging cycles High capacitance about 3000F No chemical reaction Improved safety Enhance efficiency Optimize system size and cost

Primary power system continuous demand Secondary power system-- peak power demand

Batteries have difficulty functioning in cold weather Limited life cycle results in replacements Limited in their ability to capture and provide bursts of high power Hence less efficient

Function well in cold weather, down to 40C, batteries do not operate well below 0C Long lifetime -1 million cycles , maintenance free more efficient than batteries( 84-95% ), batteries (70 %) Environmentally friendly (No heavy metals) Up to ten times the power of batteries to boost the acceleration of a vehicle.

Regenerative braking systems for hybrid vehicles and electric rail Battery free backup power systems Provide backup power for the memory used in microcomputers and cell phone Distributed power for vehicle systems Electric power grid Wind power and solar power

Air-conditioning Provide safety when a car has electrically actuated brakes or door locks and the wiring fails because of a defect or an accident Power lock

QUESTIONS ?