Thuyet Minh Do An TN Phan Tin Hoc (Repaired)

TRNG I HC XY DNG
KHOA CNTT KHA: 2008 2013
THUYT MINH N TT NGHIP
PHN II. PHN TIN HC. ......................................................................................... 221

I.
Tng quan ................................................................................................................. 221

1. t vn .............................................................................................................. 221
II.
C s l thuyt ...................................................................................................... 222
1. Phn t hu hn cho phn t gin (Truss) ............................................................ 222

1.1.
Xc nh hm dng ca phn t gin ............................................................. 222
1.2.
Ma trn ng sut ............................................................................................. 224
1.3.
Ma trn ca phn t trong h ta a phng ............................................ 224
2. Phn t hu hn cho phn t dm(Beam) ............................................................. 226

2.1.
Xc nh hm dng ca phn t dm(Beam) ................................................. 226
2.2.
Ma trn ng sut ............................................................................................. 228
2.3.
Cc ma trn ca phn t ................................................................................. 229
3. Phng trnh phn t hu hn trong khung phng................................................ 232
III.
3.1.
Phng trnh trong h ta a phng ....................................................... 232
3.2
Phng trnh trong h ta chnh ................................................................ 237
Cc thut ton chnh ca chng trnh .................................................................. 240
1. Cc k hiu c dng ........................................................................................... 240

2. S phn gi chc nng ..................................................................................... 241
3. Thut ton xc nh ma trn chuyn i T ............................................................ 242
4. Thut ton xc nh ma trn cng [Ke] ca phn t ........................................ 243
5. Thut ton xc nh ma trn cng tng th [Kglobal] ..................................... 244
6. Thut ton xc nh ma trn cng [Fe] ca phn t ......................................... 245
7. Thut ton xc nh ma trn cng tng th [Fglobal] ...................................... 246
IV.
Chn ngn ng v lp trnh ................................................................................... 247
1. La chn ngn ng ................................................................................................ 247

2. Cc OCX h tr lp trnh ...................................................................................... 247
3. Th vin................................................................................................................. 247
V. Xy dng cc biu Uses Case c t phn mm ................................................. 248
Gio vin hng dn: ThS. V TRNG SN
Sinh vin thc hin: PHM VN NGHA_MSSV:787153
219
TRNG I HC XY DNG
1. Uses Case tng th: ............................................................................................... 248

2. Uses Case to m hnh .......................................................................................... 248
3. Uses Case nhp d liu ......................................................................................... 249
4. Uses Case tnh ton ............................................................................................... 250
5. Uses Case xut kt qu .......................................................................................... 250
Kim th chng trnh .......................................................................................... 251
VI.
1. Test 1 ..................................................................................................................... 251

2. Test 2 ..................................................................................................................... 252
3. Test 3 ..................................................................................................................... 253
VII. Kt lun v hng pht trin ca phn mm......................................................... 254
1. Kt lun ................................................................................................................. 254
2. Hng pht trin .................................................................................................... 254
VIII.
ng gi v hng dn s dng ........................................................................ 255
2. Hng dn s dng ............................................................................................... 255

2.1.
Khi ng chng trnh ................................................................................. 255
2.2.
Cc Menu ty chn ......................................................................................... 255
2.3.
To ng li ............................................................................................... 256
2.4.
V nt v thanh ............................................................................................... 257
2.5.
Nhp d liu v vt liu v tit din ............................................................... 257
2.6.
Nhp ti trng phn b ................................................................................... 258
2.7.
Nhp ti trong phn b ................................................................................... 258
TI LIU THAM KHO ............................................................................................... 260

220
TRNG I HC XY DNG
PHN II.
PHN TIN HC
I. Tng quan
1. t vn
Tin hc l l mt lnh vc khng th thiu trong cuc sng hng ngy, l cng c
gip con ngi tip cn vi nn vn minh nhn loi mt cch nhanh nht v cng l
lnh vc c ng dng rng ri nht, trn nhiu lnh vc nht. Gn y tin hc c
a vo lnh vc xy dng vi mc ch tin hc ha xy dng lm gim khi lng
tnh ton cng nh thit k. Xy dng l mt ngnh c tnh a dng v lnh vc
nghin cu rng, p dng khoa hc k thut vo lnh vc xy dng l mt thnh cng
rt ln ca mt quc gia,trn Th Gii nhiu nc pht trin v ang p dng cng
ngh hin i vo vic tnh ton, thit k, cng nh qun l cc cng trnh xy dng.
V vy trong nhng nm gn y, nh nc u t nhiu hn cho lnh vc tin
hc. C th l nhng cng ty xy dng c b phn trc tip xy dng cc phn
mm phc v thit k v xy dng. in hnh l Cng ty Tin hc Xy dng B Xy
Dng, l mt cng ty cho ra i nhiu sn phm phm mm trong lnh vc xy
dng. Ngoi ra, cc cng ty tin hc thun tu khc nh Cng ty Hi Ho, Cng ty
FPT cng ang tng bc tip cn vi chuyn ngnh xy dng c th cho ra i
nhng sn phm phc v qu trnh thit k v thi cng xy dng.
Trong qu trnh thit k cc cng trnh xy dng th vic kh khn i vi cc k
s xy dng l vic tnh ton kt cu cho cc cng trnh nn vic thit k cc phn
mm tnh ton kt cu nhm gip cc k s gim bt c khi lng thit k, tng
nng sut nhng vn t c tin cy cao l vic lun lm au u bao nh thit k
phn mm, t nhng suy ngh em tm ti tt nghip cho em l nghin cu v
thit k 1 phn mm tnh ton kt cu phc v cho mc ch thit k. Nn em chn
ti l thit k phn mm: Chng trnh tnh ton khung 2D
Chng trnh tnh ton khung 2D c xy dng nhm mc ch m hnh
ha kt cu v gii quyt cc bi ton kt cu l: Xc nh chuyn v v ni lc ca
cc kt cu, c bn l vic gii quyt cc bi ton C hc kt cu, vic gii quyt bi
ton trn u da trn l thuyt ca c hc mi trng lin tc. Cc nguyn l chnh
u da vo:

221
TRNG I HC XY DNG
-
S cn bng tnh hc gia ni lc v ngoi lc ca kt cu hay tng b phn ca

kt cu.
S lin tc v v bin dng v chuyn v trong ton b kt cu.
Quan h ng sut v bin dng ca vt liu kt cu.
Vic phi hp cc nguyn tc trn s cho nhng h phng trnh vi phn phc tp
rt kh tm li gii. Chnh v th ngi ta a ra m hnh s.Khi xy dng m hnh
s, thng th i hi phi b sung mt s gi thit n gin ha. Cc gi thit ny s
quyt nh n chnh xc ca kt qu tnh ton. Thng th kt qu tnh ton bng
phng php s c bit l phng php Phn t hu hn (PTHH) c chp nhn
vi chnh xc cho php.
Phng php PTHH l mt trong nhng phng php tng qut nht xy dng
m hnh s ca kt cu. Phng php ny chia khng gian lin tc ca kt cu thnh
mt tp hp cc phn t (chia nh ra) c tnh cht c hc v hnh hc n gin hn so
vi c kt cu. Cc phn t ny lin kt vi nhau bng im nt, lc ny cc iu
kin tng thch v chuyn v hay bin dng ca kt cu ch tha mn ti nt. Thng
thng, n c bn ca phng php PTHH l cc chuyn v ca nt.
II. C s l thuyt
1. Phn t hu hn cho phn t gin (Truss)
1.1. Xc nh hm dng ca phn t gin
Xt mt thanh gin vi hai nt mi u ca phn t. Chiu di phn t l le. Trc
a phng 1 c nh theo trc thanh vi gc ti nt 1. Trong h ta a
phng, mi thanh gin ch c mt bc t d ti mi nt ca phn t. V vy c tng
cng hai bc t do cho mt phn t, ne = 2. Ta c mi chuyn v ca phn t c
vit di dng sau:
u h ( x) N ( x)d e
(1.1)
Trong :
uh(x) L hm xp x ca chuyn v dc trc ca phn t.
N(x) L ma trn cc hm dng.
u
u2
de L vector chuyn v ti hai nt ca phn t: de 1

C th ly u(x) l hm xp x tuyn tnh:
222
TRNG I HC XY DNG
u h ( x) a1 a2 x (0 x L)
a
[1 x] 1 PT a
a2
(1.2)
P l vector cc n thc.
Thc t:
x 0, u ( x 0) u1
x le , u ( x l ) u2
S dng 1.2 ta c:
u1 1 0 a1

u2 1 le a2
Gii phng trnh trn cho a, ta c
0 u1
a1 1

a2 1/ le 1/ le u2
Thay th phng trnh trn vo 1.2 chng ta c:
1
u h ( x) PT a 1 x
1/ le
0 u1
1 x / le
1/ le u2
Vy hm dng ca phn t gin c dng: N(x)=[N1(x)
x / le N ( x)de
N1(x)]= [1-x/le x/le]
Ta c 2 hm dng bi v ta c 2 bc t do cho phn t gin.
N1
0
x
Thay vo 1.1 ta c:
N2
1
2
lE

223
TRNG I HC XY DNG
u h ( x) N1 ( x)u1 N 2 ( x)u2 u1
1.2.
u2 u1
x
le
(1.3)
Ma trn ng sut
Nh ta bit, ch c mt ng sut x i vi phn t gin v bin dng tng ng c

th thu c nh sau:
u u2 u1
x
le
(1.4)
Nhn thy, bin dng 1.4 c gi tr khng thay i trong phn t.

Nh ta bit mun xy dng c ma trn cng v ma trn khi lng ta
phi xc nh c ma trn bin dng B.
T 1.4 ta c th vit li ma trn nh sau:
[L]Nd e Bd e voi [L]

x
x
Vy ma trn bin dng B c dng:

u
B [L]N= (1 x / le 1/ le )
x
1.3. Ma trn ca phn t trong h ta a phng
-
Ma trn cng
le 1/ le
AE 1 1
ke BT cBdV Ae
E
1/
l
1/
l
dx
e
e
Ve
0
le 1 1
1/ le
Trong :
A - din tch mt ct ngang ca phn t.
C = E modun n hi.
Nhn thy ma trn cng ca phn t gin l i xng. Nn ta ch cn tnh ton
v lu tr 1 na ma trn.
-
Ma trn khi lng

224
TRNG I HC XY DNG
le N N
me N T NdV Ae l 1 1
Ve
0
N 2 N1
N1 N 2
Ale 2 1
dx
N 2 N 2
6 1 2
Ma trn khi lng cng l 1 ma trn i xng.

-
Ma trn lc
f etruss N T fb dV N T f s dS
Ve
Se
+ Trng hp ti trng phn b u trn phn t:

le N1
f xle / 2
T
N
f
dV
dx
Ve b
0 N2 f xle / 2
+ Trng hp trn phn t c lc tp trung gi tr fs t cch u phn t khng b( xfs

= b)
f sx (1 b / le )
T
N
f
dS
Se s f sx (b / le )

225
TRNG I HC XY DNG
2. Phn t hu hn cho phn t dm(Beam)

2.1. Xc nh hm dng ca phn t dm(Beam)
Xt 1 phn t dm, c chiu di le=2a, vi cc nt 1,2 mi u ca phn t. Nh
hnh di, Trc 1 a phng c xch nh theo trc ca phn t vi gc ti gia
phn t. Cng tng t nh cc cu trc khc, xc nh phng trnh phn t hu
hn cho phn t dm ta phi xc nh hm dng bng cch ni suy hm xp x. Ta c
4 bc t do cho phn t dm ( de={v1, 1, v2, 2} ). Nn ta s c 4 hm dng v n
thng thun tin hn nu cc hm dng c dng c bit ca ton a phng ,
thng c gi l h thng t nhin. H ta t nhin ny c ngun gc t gia
ca phn t v cc phn t ny c nh ngha t -1 n +1. Nh hnh di
Mi quan h gia ta a phng v ta t nhin n gin c xc nh nh

sau:
x
a
xc nh c 4 hm dng trong h ta t nhin, chuyn v ca mi phn t

c a v a thc bc 3 ca trong c 4 hng s cha bit.
v( ) a0 a1 a2 2 a3 3
Trong a0 a3 l cc hng s cha bit. Cc a thc c chn v c 4 n trong
a thc lin quan n 4 bc t do ti nt ca phn t dm. Phng trnh trn c th c
vit di dng ma trn sau:

226
TRNG I HC XY DNG
v( ) 1 2
a0
a
3 1

a2
a3
Hoc
v( ) PT ( )a
(2.1)
Gc xoay :
v v 1 1
(a1 2a2 3a3 2 )

x x a x a
Bn hng s a0 a3 cha bit c th c xc nh bng cc iu kin sau:

Ti x = -a hoc = -1 ta c:
(1) v(1) v1
(2)
dv
1
dx 1
Ti x = a hoc = 1 ta c:
(3) v(1) v2
(4)
dv
2
dx 1
T kt qu ca 4 iu kin trn ta c:
1
1 a0
v1 1 1
0 1/ a 2 / a 3 / a a
1
1

1
1 a2
v2 1 1
2 0 1/ a 2 / a 3 / a a3
227
TRNG I HC XY DNG
Hoc
de = Aea
Gii phng trnh trn ta c:
a Ae1d e (2.2)
Trong :
2 a
2 a
1 3 a 3 a
1
Ae
4 0 a 0 a
a 1 a
1
Thay th 2.1 v 2.2 ta c:
v N ( )d e
Trong : N(x) l ma trn ca hm dng
N ( ) PAe1 [N1 ( ) N 2 ( ) N 3 ( ) N 4 ( )]
Trong hm dng c tm ra l:
1
N1 ( ) (2 3 3 )
4
1
N 2 ( ) a (1 2 3 )
4
1
N 3 ( ) (2 3 3 )
4
1
N 4 ( ) a (1 2 3 )
4
2.2. Ma trn ng sut
Sau khi c c cc hm dng, bc tip theo ta phi xc nh c cc phn t
ca vector ng sut. Ta c mi quan h gia ng sut v bin dng:

228
TRNG I HC XY DNG
xx Bd e
Trong vector ng sut c xc nh:
2
y 2
y
B yLN y 2 N 2
N 2 N ''
2
x
a
a
M ta c:
N '' N1''
N2''
N3''
N4''
Trong :
3
a
N1'' , N 2'' (1 3 )
2
2
3
a
N3'' , N 4'' (1 3 )
2
2
2.3. Cc ma trn ca phn t
-
Ma trn cng
T
2 2
T
2
ke B cBdV E y dA 2 N 2 N dx
v
A
a x
1
EI z 4
1 a
1
2 2
EI z
2 N 2 N ad 3
a

N ''T N '' d
Trong : Iz l mmem qun tnh ca mt ct ngang ca phn t dm i vi trc z.

Vy ta c:
N1'' N1''
'' ''
EI z 1 N 2 N1
ke 3
a 1 N3'' N1''
'' ''
N 4 N1
N1'' N 2''
N1'' N3''
N 2'' N 2''
N3'' N 2''
N 2'' N3''
N3'' N3''
N 4'' N 2''
N 4'' N3''
N1'' N 4''
N 2'' N 4''
dx
N3'' N 4''
N 4'' N 4''

229
TRNG I HC XY DNG
Vy ma trn cng c xc nh
3 3a
4a 2
EI z
ke 3
2a
sy.
-
3a
3a 2a 2
3 3a
4a 2
Ma trn khi lng

a
me N T NdV dA N T Ndx A N T Nad

v
N1 N1
1 N 2 N1
Aa
1 N N
3 1
N 4 N1
N1 N 2
N1 N 3
N2 N2
N 2 N3
N3 N3
N4 N4
N3 N3
N 4 N3
N1 N 4
N 2 N 4
dx
N3 N 4
N4 N4
Vi A l din tch mt ct ngang ca phn t dm, ta c kt qu ma trn khi lng
78 22a 27 13a
8a 2 13a 6a 2
Aa
ke
78 22a
105
8a 2
sy.
-
Ma trn lc
f etruss N T fb dV N T f s dS
Ve
Se
f ya
N1
f a2 / 3

1 N2
y
T
d
N
f
dV
b
Ve
1 N3
f
a
y
f
a
/
3
N4
y

230
TRNG I HC XY DNG
+ Trng hp trn phn t c lc tp trung gi tr fs t cch u phn t khng b( xfs

= b)
1
1
1
3
(2
3
(
b
a
)
(
b
a
)
)
3
4
a
a
1
1
1
1
2
3
a(1 (b a) (b a) (b a) )
4
a
a2
a3
T
N
f
dS
sy
Se s
1
1
1
3
(2 3 (b a) 3 (b a) )
4
a
a
1
1
1
1
a(1 (b a) 2 (b a) 2 3 (b a)3 )
a
a
a
4

231
TRNG I HC XY DNG
3. Phng trnh phn t hu hn trong khung phng

3.1. Phng trnh trong h ta a phng
y, v
x, u
Hnh. Phn t khung phng v bc t do

Xem xt mt cu trc khung, theo cu trc khung c chia ra lm cc phn t
khung kt ni bi cc nt, mi 1 phn t c chiu di le = 2a v c 2 nt 2 u ca n,
cc phn t v cc nt c nh s ring bit sao cho thun tin nht.
Trong mi phn t khung phng c 3 bc t do mi nt trong h ta a
phng. N l cc bin dng dc trc theo hng 1, u; hng 2, v xoay trong mt phng
1-2 quanh trc 3. Vy mi phn t c 2 nt vi tng cng 6 bc t do.
Xem xt phn t khung c th hin trong hnh, vi cc nt c tn 1, 2 cui
mi phn t. Trc 1 a phng c th hin nh hng ca phn t vi gc ca trc
nm gia phn t. Mt phn t khung cha cc thuc tnh cua phn t gin v phn t
dm. V vy cc ma trn cho phn t khung c th c xc nh bng cch kt hp cc
ma trn phn t gin v phn t dm, m khng phi thng qua qu trnh xy dng chi
tit cc chc nng hnh dng v s dng cc tnh ton cu to cho khung.
Ta bit, phn t gin ch c 1 bc t do ti mi nt( bin dng trc), phn t dm c 2 bc
t do ti mi nt( bin dng trc v xoay). Kt hp li s cho s bc t do ca phn t
khung v chuyn v thnh vector phn t v c vit

232
TRNG I HC XY DNG
d1 u1
d
2 v1
d3 z1
de
d 4 u 2
d5 v2

d 6 z2
a.1)Xc nh ma trn cng
-
Ma trn cng ca phn t gin

truss
e
AE 1 1
le 1 1
Ma trn cng ca phn t gin c m rng n ma trn 6x6, tng ng vi

bc t do ca phn t gin trong vector chuyn phn t
ketruss
AE
2a
0 0
0 0
0
AE
2a
0
0
AE
2a
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0
Ma trn cng ca phn t dm
kebeam
3 3a
2
EI z 4a
3
2a
3a
3a 2a 2
3 3a
4a 2
Ma trn cng ca phn t dm c m rng n ma trn 12x12, tng ng

vi bc t do ca phn t dm trong vector chuyn phn t
233
TRNG I HC XY DNG
kebeam
0
3EI 3
2a 3
0
3EI 3
2a 2
2 EI 3
a
0
3EI
0 33
2a
3EI
0 23
2a
0
0
3EI 3
2a 3
0
3EI 3
2a 2
EI 3
a
0
3EI 3
2
2a
2 EI 3
a
Vy ma trn cng ca phn t khung l:

AE
2a
ke
3EI 3
2a 3
3EI 3
2a 2
2 EI 3
a
AE
2a
0
0
AE
2a
0
3EI 3
2a 3
3EI
23
2a
0
3EI 3
2a 3
3EI 3
2a 2
EI 3
a
3EI 3
2
2a
2 EI 3
a
0

234
TRNG I HC XY DNG
Trong :
E l mdun n hi.
-
Hnh ch nht c
hb3
12
bh 3
I3
12
I2
J p I1 I 2
-
Hnh trn c
I 2 I3
D4
64
I p I 2 I3
D4
32
a) Xc nh ma trn khi lng

Ma trn khi lng ca phn t khung phng cng thu c cng mt cch nh
ma trn cng. Ta c
0 35 0
0
70 0
78 22a 0 27 13a
8a 2 0 13a 6a 2
me
70 0
0
78 22a
8a 2

235
TRNG I HC XY DNG
b) Xc nh ma trn lc
- Vector lc ca phn t gin
fx.a
f etruss
fx.a
+ Trng hp trn phn t c lc tp trung gi tr fs t cch u phn t khng b(
xfs = b)
f (1 b / 2a)
f etruss sx
f sx (b / 2a)
-
Vector lc ca phn t dm
f ebeam
fy.a
2
fy.a
3
fy.a
2
fy.a
+ Trng hp trn phn t c lc tp trung gi tr fs t cch u phn t khng b(

xfs = b)
1 3
1
(b a) 3 (b a)3
2 4a
4a
a 1 (b a) 1 (b a) 2 1 (b a)3
4 4
4a
4a 2
f sy
1 3
1
3
(b a) 3 (b a)
2 4a
4a
a 1
1
1
2
3
(b a)
(b a) 2 (b a)
4a
4a
4 4

236
TRNG I HC XY DNG
Vy ma trn lc ca phn t khung l:
f
.
a
f
.(1
)
1
1
x
2a
1 3
1
3
f 2 .a f s 2 .[ (b a ) 3 (b a ) ]
2 4a
4a
2
f 2 .a f .[ a 1 (b a ) 1 (b a ) 2 1 (b a )3 ]
s2
3
4 4
4a
4a 2
fe
f 1.a fs1.( )
2a
1 3
1
f1.a f s1.[
(b a ) 3 (b a )3 ]
2 4a
4a
f 2 .a 2
a 1
1
1
2
3
f
.[
(
b
a
)
(
b
a
)
(
b
a
)
]
s2
3
4 4
4a
4a 2
3.2 Phng trnh trong h ta chnh

Sau khi c cc ma trn trong h thng ta a phng, iu tip theo cn lm l
chuyn cc ma trn phn t vo h trc ta chnh. T a ra c s khc nhau
v hng ca cc h trc ta a phng c gn cho cc phn t khung.
Gi s rng cc nt a phng 1 v 2 ca phn t tng ng vi cc nt chnh i v j.
Tng ng, chuyn v ti mt nt ca ta a phng c 2 thnh phn tnh tin l
1, 2 v 1 thnh phn xoay quanh trc 3. Chuyn v ti mt nt ca ta chnh cng
cn c 2 thnh phn tnh tin X, Y v 1 thnh phn quay quanh trc Z v chng cng
c nh s ln lt l D3i 2, D3i 1, D3i cho nt th i. Quy c trn cng c
p dng tng ng cho nt th j. Quan h gia vector chuyn v de c bn trong h
ta a phng v vector chuyn v De trong h ta chnh c bn cho cng 1
phn t :
d e TDe
Trong :

237
TRNG I HC XY DNG
D3i 2
D3i 1
D3i
De
D3 j 2
D3 j 1
D3 j
T l ma trn chuyn i cho cc phn t khung c xc nh nh sau:
l1
l
2
0
T
0
0
m1
0 0
m2
0 0
0
0
1 0
0 l1
0
m1
0 l2
m2
0 0
0
0
0
0
0
Trong :
l1 cos(1, X ) cos
m1 cos(1, Y ) sin
X j Xi
le
Y j Yi
le
Vi l gc hp bi trc 1 vi trc X, nh hnh trn.

l2 cos(2, X ) cos(900 ) sin
m2 cos(2, Y ) cos
Yj Yi
le
X j Xi
le
Vic chuyn i h trng ta trong mt phng X - Y khng lm nh hng bc

t do xoay. Chuyn v xoay quanh trc 3( nm trong mt phng 1-2) vn ging chuyn v
xoay quang trc Z trong h ta chnh. Chiu di ca phn t c tnh ton nh sau:
le ( X j X i )2 (Y j Yi ) 2
238
TRNG I HC XY DNG
Ma trn T cho 1 phn t chuyn i 1 ma trn 6x6 vo 1 m trn 6x6 khc. S

dng ma trn chuyn i T ta c cc ma trn ca phn t trong h ta chnh l:
Ke T T keT
M e T T meT
Fe T T f e
Lu rng khng c s thy i kch thc gia ma trn trong h ta a
phng v ma trn trong h ta chnh.

239
TRNG I HC XY DNG
III. Cc thut ton chnh ca chng trnh

1. Cc k hiu c dng
- Khi bt u v kt thc:
Khi nhp s liu v xut kt qu:
Khi x l tnh ton:
Khi kim tra:
Khi chng trnh con:
Mi tn ch hng i ca thut ton:

240
TRNG I HC XY DNG
2. S phn r chc nng

Chng trnh chnh
To lp d liu
X l
Xut kt qu
a. Khi to lp d liu
To lp d liu
Hnh hc
Text
C hc
ha
cng
Tit din
Ch nht
Ti trng
Bin
Tnh ti
Hot ti
Text
ha
Vt liu
Trn
b. Khi x l
X l
To [KTH]
To [PTH]
X l k bin

Gii h pt
241
TRNG I HC XY DNG
c. Khi xut kt qu
Kt xut kt qu
Chuyn v
Text
Ni lc
ha
Phn lc
M, N, Q
Text
ha
t ti
Xe
Ln xe
3. Thut ton xc nh ma trn chuyn i Te
Start
X1, Y1
X2, Y2
Le ( X 2 X 1 )2 (Y2 Y1 )2
lx = (X2 - X1) / Le
mx = (Y2 - Y1) / Le
ly = -(Y2 - Y1) / Le
my = (X2 - X1) / Le
End

242
TRNG I HC XY DNG
4. Thut ton xc nh ma trn cng [Ke] ca phn t

Start
Le, E, A, I3,
i=0
i< 6
Sai
ng
j=0
i=i+1
Sai
j<6
ng
Ke[i, j] = 0
j=j+1
a=Le/2
k1 = A.E / (2a)
k2 = 3E.I3 / (2a3)
k3 = 3E.I3 / (2.a2)
k4 = E.I3 / a
Ke[0, 0] = k1
Ke[0, 3] = -k1; Ke[3, 0] = -k1
Ke[1, 1] = k2
Ke[1, 2] = k3; Ke[2, 1] = k3
Ke[1, 4] = -k2; Ke[4, 1] = -k2
Ke[1, 5] = k3; Ke[5, 1] = k3
Ke[2, 2] = 2.k4
Ke[2, 4] = -k3; Ke[4, 2] = -k3
Ke[2, 5] = k4; Ke[5, 2] = k4
Ke[3, 3] = k1
Ke[4, 4] = k2
Ke[4, 5] = -k3; Ke[5, 4] = -k3
Ke[5, 5] = 2.k4
End

243
TRNG I HC XY DNG
5. Thut ton xc nh ma trn cng tng th [Kglobal]

Start
[Nx],[Ny],[Nz]
[connect]
i=0
End
i< S thanh
Sai
ng
c1 = Connect[i, 0]-1
Le ( Nx[0, c1] ( Nx[0, c2])2 ( Ny[0, c1] ( Ny[0, c2])2

Xc nh [Ke]
X1 = Nx[0, c1] X2 = Nx[0, c2]
Y1 = Ny[0, c1] Y2 = Ny[0, c2]
Xc nh [Te]
[Ke]=[Te]T.[Ke].[Te]
m=0
m<3
ng
m=m+1
Sai
vAss1[0, m]=3.c1+m
vAss2[0, m + 3] =3.c2+m
l=0
l<6
Sai
i=i+1
ng
j=0
j=j+1
l=l+1
Sai
j<6
ng
Kglobal[vAss1[0, l], vAss2[0, j]] = Kglobal[vAss1[0, l], vAss2[0, j]]+Ke[l, j]

244
TRNG I HC XY DNG
6. Thut ton xc nh ma trn ti [Fe] ca phn t
Start
Ti phn b:fs, fy, fz
Ti tp trung:fsx, fsy, fxz
Khong cch:b
i=0
i< 6
Sai
ng
i=i+1
Fe[0, i] = 0
a=Le/2
Fe(0, 0) = fx.a + fsx.(1 - b / 2a)

Fe(0, 1) = fy.a + fsy.[0.5 - 3(b - a) / 4a + (b - a)3 / 4a3]
Fe(0, 2) = fy.a2 / 3 + fsy.[a / 4 - (b - a) / 4 - (b - a)2 / 4a + (b - a)3 / 4a2]
Fe(0, 3) = fx.a + fsx. (b / 2a)
Fe(0, 4) = fy.a + fsy.(0.5 + 3(b - a) / 4 a - (b - a)3 / 4a3)
Fe(0, 5) = -fy.a2 / 3 + fsy.[-a / 4 - (b - a) / 4 + (b - a)2 / 4a + (b - a)3 / 4 a2]
End

245
TRNG I HC XY DNG
7. Thut ton xc nh ma trn ti tng th [Fglobal]

Start
[Nx],[Ny],[Nz]
[connect],[FrameLoad]
h=0
Sai
h< S thanh gn ti
ng
i=FrameLoad[0, h]-1
Le ( Nx[0, c1] ( Nx[0, c2])2 ( Ny[0, c1] ( Ny[0, c2])2

Xc nh [Fe]
X1 = Nx[0, c1]
Y1 = Ny[0, c1]
X2 = Nx[0, c2]
Y2 = Ny[0, c2]
Xc nh [Te]
[Fe]=[Te]T.[Fe]
m=0
m<6
ng
m=m+1
Sai
vAss1[0, m]=6.c1+m
l=0
l=l+1
l<6
Sai
h=h+1
ng
Fglobal[0, vAss1[0, l]] = Fglobal[0, vAss1[0, l]]+Fe[0, l]
End

246
TRNG I HC XY DNG
IV.Chn ngn ng v lp trnh

1. La chn ngn ng
Da vo nhng kin thc thu c trong qu trnh hc tp v nghin cu em nhn
thy:
VB.net l mt ngn ng c dng kh ph bin hin nay

VB.net cng l mt ngn ng n gin c nhiu h tr, c h tr lp trnh hng i
tng
H tr nhiu OCX ca cc n v khc
V th em la chn VB.net lm ngn ng m ha chng trnh ca mnh

Phin bn s dng: VB.Net nm trong b ngn ng Visual Studio 2010
2. Cc OCX h tr lp trnh
Trong qu trnh thit k em s dng vDraw 5.1.1.1043 phc v qu trnh m ha
ha cho chng trnh.
3. Th vin
Em s dng th vin MatrixLibrary .Net v2.0 by Anas Abidi, 2004 tnh ton cc
ma trn. N bao gm cc class tnh ton v:
- Solve system of linear equation.
- Inverse of a Matrix.
- Find Rows and Colums in a Matrix.
- Transpose of a Matrix.
- Vectors Cross Product.
- Print Matrix.

247
TRNG I HC XY DNG
V. Xy dng cc biu Uses Case c t phn mm

1. Uses Case tng th:
- Actor: H thng ch nhch c 1 Actor( Ngi dng) s dng chng trnh.
- Da vo cc chc nng ca chng trnh, c th xc nh ngi dng c cc hot
ng sau:
+ To lp m hnh.
+ Nhp d liu u vo.
+ Chy chng trnh tnh ton.
+ Xem v xut kt qu tnh ton.
Tao Mo Hinh
Nhap Du Lieu
Nguoi Dung
Tinh Toan
Xem, Xuat ket qua
2. Uses Case to m hnh

- Lung s kin Uses Case:
+ To ng li.
+ V nt.
+ V thanh.
+ Gn lin kt ni t.
- Lung s kin r nhnh:
+ Nu sai sa li m hnh.

248
TRNG I HC XY DNG
Tao Duong Luoi
Ve Nut
Nguoi Dung
Sua Mo Hinh
Ve Thanh
Gan lien ket noi dat
3. Uses Case nhp d liu

+ Chn vt liu.
+ Chn tit din.
+ Gn ti trng phn b.
+ Gn ti tp trung.
- Lung d liu r nhnh:
+ Thng bo li cho ngi dng khi nhp d liu khng hp l.
Nhap du lieu vat lieu
Nhap du lieu tiet dien
Thong bao loi (neu co)
Nguoi Dung
Nhap du lieu tai phan bo
Nhap du lieu tai tap trung

249
TRNG I HC XY DNG
4. Uses Case tnh ton

Lung s kin ny tip din sau lung s kin to m hnh v nhp d liu, khi
ngi dng to xong m hnh v nhp hon tt cc d liu, chng trnh s t
ng tnh ton.
- Lung s kin ny s thng bo li nu m hnh sai hoc d liu nhp vo khng
tha mn iu kin tnh ton ca chng trnh.
Nguoi Dung
Tinh Toan
thong bao loi( neu co)
5. Uses Case xut kt qu

+ Xem kt qu dng ha.
+ Xem kt qu dng text.
Ket qua do hoa
Nguoi Dung
Ket qua text

250
TRNG I HC XY DNG
VI.Kim th chng trnh

Ta s dng phm mm phn tch kt cu Etabs 9.7.1 ca CSI lm phn mm kim
tra kt qu vi chng trnh tnh khung 2D
1. Test 1: Tnh chuyn v ca khung phng vi 3 phn t nh hnh v sau:
q =10T/m
2
1m
3
0.05
y
1
0.05
1m
a. Chuyn v cc nt tnh theo phn mm Etabs:
u1 0, v1 0, z1 0
u2 0.000079, v2 0.000952, z2 0.127518
u3 0.000079, v3 0.000952, z3 0.127518
u4 0, v4 0, z4 0
b. Chuyn v cc nt tnh theo chng trnh khung 2D:
u1 0, v1 0, z1 0
u2 0.000079, v2 0.000952, z2 0.127063
u3 0.000079, v3 0.000952, z3 0.127063
u4 0, v4 0, z4 0
c. nh gi sai lch
u 0%, v 0%, z 0.357%

251
TRNG I HC XY DNG

2
q =10T
1
1m
3
0.05
y
1
0.05
1m
u1 0, v1 0, z1 0
u2 0.549141, v2 0.000815, z2 0.330413
u3 0.548189, v3 0.000815, z3 0.329465

u4 0, v4 0, z4 0
u1 0, v1 0, z1 0
u2 0.545393, v2 0.000816, z2 0.328405
u3 0.544441, v3 0.000816, z3 0.327453
u4 0, v4 0, z4 0
c. nh gi sai lch
u2 0.683%, v2 0.123%, z2 0.608%
u3 0.683%, v3 0.123%, z3 0.611%

252
TRNG I HC XY DNG
q =10T
2
1m
1
0.05
y
x
0.05
u1 0, v1 0, z1 0
u2 3.053105, v2 0, z2 4.571429
u1 0, v1 0, z1 0
u2 3.047619, v2 0, z2 4.571429
d. nh gi sai lch
u2 0.180%, v2 0%, z2 0%

253
TRNG I HC XY DNG
VII. Kt lun v hng pht trin ca phn mm

1. Kt lun
- Chng trnh xy dng c m hnh khung, phn tch kt cu, xc nh c
cc chuyn v ti cc nt khung, t ta c th tnh ton c ni lc. To iu
kin cho vic phn tch v tnh ton kt cu ca cc k s c nhanh hn, hiu
qu hn.
- Giao din tng tc vi ngi dng.
- Chng trnh d dng s dng, phn tch kt cu vi chnh xc cao.
- Mi trng ha th hin cc kt qu tnh nh s kt cu, ti trng, chuyn
v, biu ni lc.
Hn ch ca chng trnh
V hnch v thi gian cng nh trnh nn phn mm vn cn nhiu hn ch:
- Chng trnh mi ch tnh ton cho khung phng 2D.
- Cc trng hp ti c a vo cn hn ch, mi ch a vo c ti phn b
u trn thanh v ti tp trung cch u thanh 1 khong.
- Tit din ca thanh: hnh ch nht v hnh trn.
- iu kin bin cha c h tr nhiu, mi ch xc nh lin kt ni t l ngm
cng.
- Cha t ng tnh ton ti trng bn thn ca cu kin.
- Phn ha ca chng trnh cn nhiu hn ch.
-
2. Hng pht trin
- Hon thin phn giao din v ha trc quan hn cho ngi dng d s dng.
- Hon thin cc trng hp ti( ti trng hnh thang, ti trng tam gic, ti trong
tp trung ti nt v chuyn v cng bc ti nt), cng nh c th t hp c ti
trng.
- a thm nhiu cc dng tit din thanh, cc loi lin kt trong khung.
- Pht trin tnh ton ni lc, phn lc.
- hon thin phn code tnh ton cho khung 3D, nhng do thi gian c hn nn
vic pht trin phn ha 3D cha c hon thnh c th tnh ton cho
khung 3D.
-

254
TRNG I HC XY DNG
VIII. ng gi v hng dn s dng

2. Hng dn s dng
2.1. Khi ng chng trnh
Sau khi khi ng chng trnh, giao din chnh ca chng trnh s xut hin nh
trn, ngi dng c th thc hin cc thao tc trn chng trnh chnh.
2.2. Cc Menu ty chn

255
TRNG I HC XY DNG
Bn c th thc hin thao tc to 1 d n mi, khi bn s nhp s ng li v

khong cch gia cc ng li theo phng x, y.
- Thc hin gi cc thao tc nhp d liu trn Menu Nhp d liu.
- Sa ng li trn Menu Chnh sa.
- Gi chc nng v trn Menu V.
- Gi chc nng tnh ton trn Menu Tnh ton.
2.3. To ng li
-
Nhp s ng li theo phng x.

Nhp s ng li theo phng y.
Nhp khong cch cc ng li theo phng x.
Nhp khong cch cc ng li theo phng y.

256
TRNG I HC XY DNG
2.4. V nt v thanh
2.5. Nhp d liu v vt liu v tit din

257
TRNG I HC XY DNG
- Nhp modun n hi E ca loi vt liu.

- Nhp kch thc tit din
2.6. Nhp ti trng phn b
Nhp ti tc dng theo trc 1 ca h ta a phng.

2.7. Nhp ti trong phn b


258
TRNG I HC XY DNG

259
TRNG I HC XY DNG
TI LIU THAM KHO

1. The Finite Element Method: A Practical Course - G. R. Liu S. S. Quek
Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore.
2. Phng php phn t hu hn - Chu Quc Thng, NXB khoa hc v k thut 1997.
3. Sc bn vt liu PGS.TS L Ngc Hng NXB khoa hc k thut 2006.
4. Sn sn btng ct thp ton khi GS. Nguyn nh Cng NXB hc k
thut - 2002.
5. Kt cu btng ct thp( phn cu kin c bn) Phan Quang Minh, Ng Th
Phong, Nguyn nh Cng NXB Khoa hc k thut 2008.
6. Kt cu btng ct thp( phn cu kin nh ca) PGS.TS Ng Th Phong,
PGS.TS L Trn Cng. TS. Trnh Huy m NXB Khoa hc k thut .
7. Khung Btng ct thp ton khi L B Hu, Phan Minh Tun NXB khoa
hc k thut 2009.
8. Cc tiu chun xy dng Vit Nam.
9. Thit k kt cu nh cao tng bng Etabs 9.0.4 Nguyn Khnh Hng, Trn
Trung Kin, Nguyn Ngc Phc NXB Thng k 2007.
10. Nn v mng Phan Hng Qun NXB gio dc 2007.
11. Bi ging nn v mng Nguyn nh Tin Trng i hc Xy Dng 2002.
12. Thit k sn Bubbledeck theo tiu chun As3600 v EC2.
13. Gio trnh lp trnh hng i tng vi VB.NET.
14. T hc lp trnh chuyn sau VB.NET trong 21 ngy.
15. Hng dn thc tp tt nghip B mn Tin Hc Xy Dng, Trng i hc
Xy Dng.
Trong :
f1 L ti phn b u trn phn t theo phng 1
f2 L ti phn b u trn phn t theo phng 2
fs1 L ti tp trung trn phn t theo phng 1
fs2 L ti tp trung trn phn t theo phng 2
b L khong cch t u nt phn t n im t lc tp trung
a L chiu di phn t

260
TRNG I HC XY DNG
Trong :
E L mdun n hi.
A L din tch mt ct ngang ca phn t
I3 l mmen qun tnh
bh 3
Hnh ch nht c: I 3
12
4
D
Hnh trn c: I 3
64
3
3
0
2 a 0
a
EI
2
2
[Se] 23
3
3
a
0
a
0
2a
2
2

261

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TRNG I HC XY DNG

KHOA CNTT KHA: 2008 2013

THUYT MINH N TT NGHIP

PHN II. PHN TIN HC. ......................................................................................... 221

Tng quan ................................................................................................................. 221

C s l thuyt ...................................................................................................... 222

1. Phn t hu hn cho phn t gin (Truss) ............................................................ 222

Xc nh hm dng ca phn t gin ............................................................. 222

Ma trn ng sut ............................................................................................. 224

Ma trn ca phn t trong h ta a phng ............................................ 224

2. Phn t hu hn cho phn t dm(Beam) ............................................................. 226

Xc nh hm dng ca phn t dm(Beam) ................................................. 226

Ma trn ng sut ............................................................................................. 228

Cc ma trn ca phn t ................................................................................. 229

3. Phng trnh phn t hu hn trong khung phng................................................ 232

Phng trnh trong h ta a phng ....................................................... 232

Phng trnh trong h ta chnh ................................................................ 237

Cc thut ton chnh ca chng trnh .................................................................. 240

1. Cc k hiu c dng ........................................................................................... 240

Chn ngn ng v lp trnh ................................................................................... 247

1. La chn ngn ng ................................................................................................ 247

THUYT MINH N TT NGHIP

1. Uses Case tng th: ............................................................................................... 248

1. Test 1 ..................................................................................................................... 251

ng gi v hng dn s dng ........................................................................ 255

2. Hng dn s dng ............................................................................................... 255

Khi ng chng trnh ................................................................................. 255

Cc Menu ty chn ......................................................................................... 255

V nt v thanh ............................................................................................... 257

Nhp d liu v vt liu v tit din ............................................................... 257

Nhp ti trng phn b ................................................................................... 258

Nhp ti trong phn b ................................................................................... 258

TI LIU THAM KHO ............................................................................................... 260

Gio vin hng dn: ThS. V TRNG SN

THUYT MINH N TT NGHIP

Gio vin hng dn: ThS. V TRNG SN

THUYT MINH N TT NGHIP

S cn bng tnh hc gia ni lc v ngoi lc ca kt cu hay tng b phn ca

de L vector chuyn v ti hai nt ca phn t: de 1

THUYT MINH N TT NGHIP

Vy hm dng ca phn t gin c dng: N(x)=[N1(x)

N1(x)]= [1-x/le x/le]

Ta c 2 hm dng bi v ta c 2 bc t do cho phn t gin.

Gio vin hng dn: ThS. V TRNG SN

THUYT MINH N TT NGHIP

Nh ta bit, ch c mt ng sut x i vi phn t gin v bin dng tng ng c

Nhn thy, bin dng 1.4 c gi tr khng thay i trong phn t.

[L]Nd e Bd e voi [L]

Vy ma trn bin dng B c dng:

Ma trn khi lng

Gio vin hng dn: ThS. V TRNG SN

THUYT MINH N TT NGHIP

Ma trn khi lng cng l 1 ma trn i xng.

+ Trng hp ti trng phn b u trn phn t:

+ Trng hp trn phn t c lc tp trung gi tr fs t cch u phn t khng b( xfs

Gio vin hng dn: ThS. V TRNG SN

THUYT MINH N TT NGHIP

2. Phn t hu hn cho phn t dm(Beam)