BIOENERGETIC

ENERGY IS DEFINED AS THE CAPACITY TO DO WORK DIFFERENT KINDS OR STATES OF ENERGY : POTENSIAL, KINETIC, THERMAL, ELECTRICAL AND RADIANT ENERGY DIFFERENT KINDS OF WORK: MECHANICAL, ELECTRICAL AND OSMOTIC WORK.

BIOENERGETICS IS THE TERM TO DESIGNATE THE STUDY OF ENERGY TRANSFORMATIONS IN LIVING ORGANISMS.

entrophy

sun
Radiant energy
Work Done In the Envir.

Photo Synthe tic cells

Chemical energy

Hetero trophyc cells

Fuel Mol And O2

ATP
TRANSPORT WORK

Bio respiration synthesis Mechanical work

CO2 H2O

ADP + Pi

THE SURROUNDINGS ENTROPY MAY INCREASE, STAY CONSTANT OR DECREASE

FREE ENERGY ALWAYS DECREASES ENTROPY MAY INCREASE, STAY CONSTANT OR DECREASE
HEAT MAY PASS BETWEEN THE SYSTEM AND THE SURROUNDINGS

THE SYSTEM

ENTROPY : DISORDER/ RANDOMNESS (S) FREE ENERGY (G). G IS THE CHANGES IN FREE ENERGY OF THE SYSTEM ALONE E IS THE CHANGE IN TOTAL ENERGY OF THE SYSTEM G= E T S

G NEGATIVE = EXERGONIC/ SPONTANT G POSITIVE = ENDERGONIC H = ENTHALPY HEAT CONTENT

A+C

B+D
HEAT

D
FREE ENERGY

 THE FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS : ENERGY CAN BE NEITHER CREATED NOR DESTROYED THE TOTAL ENERGY OF THE UNIVERSE IS CONSTANT THE SECOND LAW : THE ENTROPY OF THE UNIVERSE ALWAYS INCREASES

Adenosine 5' triphosphate

Phosphoric Acid Anhydride Linkages

Adenosine 5' diphosphate

Hidrolysis ATP

Pyrophosphate

Adenosine 5' monophosphate

Phosphoenol pyruvate

Hydrolysis phosphoenol pyruvate

Creatine phosphate

Acetyl phosphate

COMPOUNDS

G Direction of Kcal/mole phosphate group transfer

PEP

-14.8

1,3-DIPHOSPHO GLYCERATE PHOSPHO CREATINE ACETYL PHOSPHATE

-11.8 -10.3
-10.1

ATP
G-1-P F-6-P G-6-P 3-PHOSPHO GLYCERATE GLYCEROL-3-P

-7.3
-5.0 -3.8 -3.3 -2.4 -2.2

ATP-ADP : DONOR AND ACCEPTOR PHOSPHATE INTERMEDIATE

PHOSPHORYLATED COMPOUNDS IN THE CELL

HIGH ENERGY PHOSPHATE AND LOW ENERGY PHOSPHATE THERE IS NO SUCH SHARP DIVISION ATP- ADP SYSTEMACT AS AN INTERMEDIATE LINKING SYSTEM BETWEEN PHOSPHATE COMPOUNDS HAVING A HIGH PHOSPHATE GROUP TRANSFER POTENTIAL AND A LOW ONE.

16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 0 5 10 15 PEP 1,3-DPG PC ACP ATP G-1-P F-6-P G-6-P 3-PG GLY-3-P

DELTA G (KCAL)

 X-P + ADP X + ATP ATP + Y ADP + Y-P X-P DENOTES A HIGH ENERGY PHOSPHATE DONOR MOLECULE Y IS A PHOSPHATE ACCEPTOR ATP IS THE COMMON INTERMEDIATE

3',5'-cyclic Adenosine monophosphate