Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • First Generation 1940-1956: Vacuum Tubes

    Uploaded by

    chinki176
    27 views12 pages
    1) The first generation of computers from 1940-1956 used vacuum tubes for circuitry and magnetic drums for memory, taking up entire rooms. Input was via punched cards and they were very expensive to operate. 2) The second generation from 1956-1963 replaced vacuum tubes with transistors, making computers smaller, faster, cheaper, and more reliable. They still used punched cards but could run assembly language. 3) The third generation from 1964-1971 used integrated circuits on silicon chips, increasing speed and efficiency. Punched cards were replaced by keyboards and monitors, making computers cheaper and smaller. 4) The fourth generation from 1971 onward used microprocessors, putting all components on a single chip and fitting computers into the palm

    Original Description:

    Original Title

    f2eac5fd30history Use

    Copyright

    © Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)

    Available Formats

    PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Report this Document
    1) The first generation of computers from 1940-1956 used vacuum tubes for circuitry and magnetic drums for memory, taking up entire rooms. Input was via punched cards and they were very expensive to operate. 2) The second generation from 1956-1963 replaced vacuum tubes with transistors, making computers smaller, faster, cheaper, and more reliable. They still used punched cards but could run assembly language. 3) The third generation from 1964-1971 used integrated circuits on silicon chips, increasing speed and efficiency. Punched cards were replaced by keyboards and monitors, making computers cheaper and smaller. 4) The fourth generation from 1971 onward used microprocessors, putting all components on a single chip and fitting computers into the palm

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    27 views12 pages

    First Generation 1940-1956: Vacuum Tubes

    Uploaded by

    chinki176
    1) The first generation of computers from 1940-1956 used vacuum tubes for circuitry and magnetic drums for memory, taking up entire rooms. Input was via punched cards and they were very expensive to operate. 2) The second generation from 1956-1963 replaced vacuum tubes with transistors, making computers smaller, faster, cheaper, and more reliable. They still used punched cards but could run assembly language. 3) The third generation from 1964-1971 used integrated circuits on silicon chips, increasing speed and efficiency. Punched cards were replaced by keyboards and monitors, making computers cheaper and smaller. 4) The fourth generation from 1971 onward used microprocessors, putting all components on a single chip and fitting computers into the palm

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 12

    First Generation Amity Business School 1940-1956: Vacuum Tubes

    The first computers used vacuum tubes for circuitry and magnetic drums for memory, and were often enormous, taking up entire rooms. Input was based on punched cards and paper machines UNIVAC and ENIAC

    ENIAC

    Amity Business School

    Drawbacks

    Amity Business School

    very expensive to operate. Used lot of electricity. Heavy discharge of heat that caused malfunctions. Relied on machine language: the lowest level programming language. Solved one problem at a time.

    Second Generation Amity Business School 1956-1963: Transistors


    Transistors replaced vaccum tubes computers became smaller, faster, cheaper, more energy-efficient and more reliable than their first-generation predecessors. Generated less heat but still relied on punch cards. Assembly language was used.

    Example

    Amity Business School

    IBM 1401

    Third Generation Amity Business School 1964-1971: Integrated Circuits


    Integrated circuits were used. Transistors were miniaturized and placed on silicon chips, called semiconductors, which drastically increased the speed and efficiency of computers. Punched cards and printouts were replaced by keyboard and monitor. Computers were cheaper and smaller in size.

    Examples
    Many tasks at one time.

    Amity Business School

    Amity Business School

    PDP-1(Third generation)

    Fourth Generation Amity Business School 1971-Present: Microprocessors


    The microprocessor brought the fourth generation of computers. Thousands of integrated circuits were built onto a single silicon chip. What in the first generation filled an entire room could now fit in the palm of the hand. The Intel 4004 chip, developed in 1971, located all the components of the computer - from the CPU and memory to I/O controls - on a single chip.

    Examples

    Amity Business School

    Fifth Generation Amity Business School Present and Beyond: AI


    Computing devices, based on artificial intelligence, are still in development. The goal of fifth-generation computing is to develop devices that respond tonatural language input and are capable of learning and self-organization. Applications : voice recognition, retinal scan,

    Examples

    Amity Business School

    You might also like