Professional Documents
Culture Documents
"ЦАХИМ ХУДАЛДААНЫ ОЛОН УЛСЫН ЭРХ ЗҮЙН ЗОХИЦУУЛАЛТ" СУДАЛГААНЫ АЖЛЫН ТАЙЛАН
"ЦАХИМ ХУДАЛДААНЫ ОЛОН УЛСЫН ЭРХ ЗҮЙН ЗОХИЦУУЛАЛТ" СУДАЛГААНЫ АЖЛЫН ТАЙЛАН
-
,
,
2012 2
1- 6 15-
, ,
.
.,
., ,
., ., ., ., ., .
.
,
. , ,
. , ,
. ,
,
.
, , ,
, ,
,
,
, ,
.1
.
:
,
,
.
, ,
. , ,
,
,
,
,
,
,
.
,
, .
,
, ,
, , ,
, ,
- (1999.05.04) TD/B/COM.3/EM.8/2
.
,
,
,
. ,
, ,
,
,
,
- B2G, B2C .
,
UNCITRAL , UNCITRAL-
.
,
.
1.
2.
3.
2
3
5
6
1.1
1.2
, ,
1.3. ,
. ,
.
.
,
.
1.4. ,
10
12
14
14
15
16
18
18
20
2.1.
2.2.
25
31
3.1. ,
3.2. ,
3.3.
3.4.
36
38
45
48
59
1. - / /
2.
62
74
78
- ,
B2G
- Business to Government
B2B
- Business to Business
B2C
- Business to Consumer
C2C
- Consumer to Consumer
EEC
OECD
- ,
UNCITRAL - -
WIPO
.
,
.
.
. :
1.
,
,
2.
,
3.
,
,
,
,
,
.
.
,
,
.
2 ,
: , -
.
.
, 3 ,
4 ,
5 .
,
,
. .
.
.
/
I. /2012.02.01- 02.15/:
1.1.
1.2.
,
-
.
,
, .
http://www.cippm.org.uk/people/people_detail.php?ID=379 .
2012.06.07
3
LORNA E. GILLIES, ELECTRONIC
COMMERCE AND INTERNATIONAL PRIVATE LAW-A STUDY OF ELECTRONIC CONSUMER
CONTRACTS.
4
Professor Michael Geist' Is There a There There? http://aix1.uottawa.ca/~geist/geistjurisdiction-us.pdf -
. 2012.06.07
5
http://gsbwww.uchicago.edu, http://www.altern.org/defense/euroloi.html,
http://www.thestandard.net/articles/display/0,1449,3716,00.html, http://ebusiness.org/Public/Fil/1911.html,
http://www.defaite-internet.org, http://www.generation.net/pchantel/commerce_02.html,
http://www.internet.gouv.fr/francais/textesref/rapce98/rap4.htm, http://www.iris.sgdg.org/les-iris/li4.html,
http://www.nytimes.com/library/tech/reference/indexcommerce.html,
http://www.oecd.org/subject/e_commerce/summary.htm,
http://wwwpub.utdallas.edu/~liebowit/palgrave/network.html,
, .
,
.
III. /2012.05.01-06.15/:
3.1.
3.2.
3.3.
3.4.
3.5.
, ,
.
, .
,
.
,
,
.
.
.
-
, , -
,
.
,
,
.
.
9
9
9
9
;
, ;
;
, .
. ,
, ,
, .
10
(commercial)
.
, , ,
, , ,
, ,
, ,
, ,
,
, , ,
6
.
, ,
, ,
, ,
,
.
1.1
, ,
,
, 7
8 .
. , ,
. ,
, , ,
, , , ,
, ,
11
, ,
, , ,
.
( ,
), ( , ,
, ), ( ,
) ( )
.9 -
, ,
. ,
,
.
,
,
.
. ,
10
.
,
.
,
,
, , ,
11 Transatlantic Business Dialogue
12
.
.
, ,
.
, 1997
- , 1997
11
, , 1996
12
Transatlantic Business Dialogue - http://www.tabd.com/ 2012.02.10
10
12
1.2 , ,
.
. ,
, .
,
(Amazon.com ) - () . ,
,
,
Cisco - () . ,
, ,
. - - .
1-
1.
13
, -
, ,
-
. - ,
.
. (-)
,
.
(,
),
, , ,
. , ,
.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
. :
- /B2G/
(Microsoft) /B2B/
(Amazon), (ebay)/B2C/
- (www.classified2000.com) /C2C/
( , )
.
.
: business to consumer
1/ ,
2/ .
Peer to peer
/P2P/ ,
/M-commerce/
.
, ,
13 .
13
., , ,
, , 2012. 02.15
14
,
.
,
, ,
.
1.3. ,
,
. ,
(ECE),
, (OECD), -
(UNCITRAL), (WIPO),
, ,
. -
1996, -
1996, ,
1997, -
2005
.
, .
2-
, .
,
.
. ,
, -
1980 1988 1 1-
.
,
,
.
15
, . ,
,
. ,
,
.
, ,
. , , ,
.
96
,
12
, ,
.
,
, .
1997
7 9- . 96
.
.
1968 14
.
.
2
.
,
.
13
.
,
. , 1978 13 4
.
14
Brussels Convention on jurisdiction and Recognition of Judgments in Civil and Commercial Matters, J.O. L
299/32 (1972), amended by O.J. L 304/77 (1978), amended by O.J. L 388/1 (1982), amended by O.J. L 285/1
(1989)
16
2
, ,
15.
I Agree
.
. 2000 ,
. I
.
13 4
15 .
,
.
.
,
.
. , .
.
,
,
( )- 1992 .
,
.16 1999 10
. ,
-
15
(20122-37)
//,( ), ,
35-40
16
- , RIN 0651-AB25,
http://www.uspto.gov/web/offices/com/sol/notices/prdrconjud.html ( 2010.01.24)
17
.17 7
18- 9
-
19 , .
,
.
1999 ,
.20 2001 6
. 2001 21
,
, ,
.
7
.
,
,
,
,
, .
.
,
.
17
Jeffrey D Kovar, US Department of State Assistant Legal Adviser for Private International Law, letter to
Alasdair Wallace, Head of International and Common Law Services Division, Lord Chancellor's Department (Sep.
2000) Http://www.cptech.org/ecom/jurisdiction/kovarletter.html ( 2010.01.24)
18
1999
.
.
19
Jeffrey D Kovar, US Department of State Assistant Legal Adviser for Private International Law, letter to Alasdair
Wallace, Head of International and Common Law Services Division, Lord Chancellor's Department (Sep. 2000),
124 , Http://www.cptech.org/ecom/jurisdiction/kovarletter.html ( 2012.
06.07)
20
The Hague Preliminary Convention on Jurisdiction and Judgments, Edited by Jausto Pocar & Costanza
Honorati, Wolters Kluwer Italia, 2005, 370
21
http://www.cptech.org/ecom/jurisdiction/hague.html (
2012. 06.07)
18
.
,
, ,
22 2005
.
. 2005
2001
.
.
2001
,
.
B2C
.
2 ()
.
.
2005 11 23- -
- .
. ,
23.
,
.
,
.
, 25 . 4
.
22
19
.
, ,
, ,
, ,
(input error)
.
.
1980 ,
, 1996
, 2001
.
,
.
.
2
. (2, 2, 2)
, .
. 2
.
,
.
. , , ,
.
.
.
,
24 .
.
24
th
Paul Przemyslaw Polanski (2006), 19 Bled eConference eValues, Convention on E-Contracting: The Rise of
International law of Electronic Commerce, Bled, Slovania, June 5-7.p.1-10
20
.
,
. ,
. ,
click-and-mortar
. Amazon.com
,
.
1.4. ,
1996 -
- 25.-
(UNCITRAL)
,
,
. ,
. 1984 17
.
(,
) . 1985 18
,
,
,
.
.
.1988 1991
25
., , , , 2012
2 (37), 91-95
21
24 -
. ,
.
, , ,
,
. 29
1996 6
12- 605 .
,
, , ,
.
,
.
, ,
.
. 26:
.
.
. ,
. ,
,
,
.27 /
(EDI, e-mail, Internet,
telegram, telex, fax , , , , ) .
26
. -
:
, 91-179 .
27
, 91 .
22
.
.28
6 .
.
, .
.
, , ,
.29
,
,
7
.
- .
. , ,
.
,
.30 8
,
.
, .
(electronic messaje)
.
.
28
, 93 .
, 102 .
30
, 114 .
29
23
, .31
9
.
.
.
.32
. , , ,
.
.
. ,
, .
( )-
.
.
.
, .
, .
, , ,
,
.
, ,
.
(originator)
31
32
, 60 .
, 121 .
24
.
/
, /
.
,
, ,
.
. , ,
,
, .
,
.
UNCITRAL33, OECD34, ICC35
.
1996 -
-, 11
23- - 2005
.
33
34
35
- .
, .
.
25
.
. ,
,
.
2.1.
,
, .
,
.
,
-
.36
, ,
. ,
, ,
,
37.
,
,
.
.
.38
36
OF
ELECTRONIC
(20122-37)
//,( ), ,
35-40
38
: UNCTAD/SDTE/BFB/1 1998 5
15- 87 .
26
, , , ,
, ,
, ,
, ,
,
.39
, ,
.
()- 1996 12
, ,
.40
, ,
,
.
,
.
-
,
.
. ,
1988 41.
- ,
,
. ,
39
- TD/B/COM.3/EM.8/2
.
http://ecommerce.wipo.int/activities .
30 , .
http://ecommerce.wipo.int .
41
, ( - Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and
Numbers, ICANN) ,
1998 11 ,
. (Domain Name System)-
( , - )-
. - -
, (IP)- ,
,
. ,
http://ecommerce.wipo.int/domains/process .
40
27
-42
,
.
-
- 1999 9
.43
,
.
.
,
. ,
,
.44
, ,
.
, ,
, ,
,
.45
,
-
.
,
. ,
.
42
,
- 1999 8 26-
, 1999 10 24-
- . http://arbiter.wipo.int .
43
http://ecommerce.wipo.int/agenda/index.html .
44
,
, - , 1998 9 28- DSTI/CP(98) 13Rev. 2.
45
, (
, ), ( ) ,
, , , , , , ,
, ,
.
28
,
-
.
.
,
,
.46
,
:
1. (
) 2. (
)
.
. :
:
1. -
2
.
2. :
.
3. :
.
4. :
.
5. :
.
.
.
,
46
- :
. :
, , 1999 10 8.
29
.
.
. :
.
,
,
.
,
.
- 1980 ,
.
.47
,
-
.
-
-
.
-
. -
, ,
.48
.
47
- . .14. 1999 10
12-13, .
48
., :
, - 33.
30
.49 ,
50 .
,
.
.51
, ,
,
1999 9 .
,
, 3
. ,
, ,
,
52 .
.
,
, ,
. ,
, .
,
,
.
49
,
(,
7.1
, 7.7 ).
,
.
50
,
1968 9 27- 1988 9 16-
.
51
H- 1998 2000 (676
N.Y.S. 2d 569, 1998 N.Y. App. Div. Lexis 8872)
(2000, 3000 .)-
.
52
J.J FAWCETT ET AL., INTERNATIONAL SALE OF GOODS IN THE CONFLICT OF LAWS 589 (Oxford University Press 2005)
31
53 -
.
54- .
.
, .
,
, ,
,
.
2.2.
,
,
.
7
. ,
-
. 2001
-
, ,
.
,
.
, -
53
(20122-37)
, ( . ), ,
35-40
54
32
.55
,
56 .57 2001
,
.
.
.
,
, .
,
. ,
.
.
.
58
, .
, , ,
,
,
,
.
ADR (alternative dispute resolution)
55
Anandashankar Mazumdar. Jurisdiction Diplomatic Conference Draws Out Problems Implicated by Proposed
Jurisdiction Treaty. BNA - http://www.cptech.org/ecom/jurisdiction/hague.html - (
2012.06.07)
56
ELECTRONIC COMMERCE AND INTERNATIONAL JURISDICTION Ottawa, 2000.02.28- 2000.01.03
(http://www.cptech.org/ecom/hague/ottawa2000sum.pdf - 01/25/2010)
57
James Love. Hague Diplomatic Conference ends, Badly for now. (2001.06.20) (
.)
58
Summary of the Outcome of the Discussion in Commission II of the First Part of the Diplomatic Conference 6
20 June 2001 Interim Text
33
. ,
.
,
,
.
.
,
.
ADR ODR
.
.
.
.
.
,
. ODR
.
. ODR
?
, .
.
, .
, .
, ,
.
, ( ,
, )
,
,
( ,
) ,
, ,
.
34
,
- .
(
, ),
,
, .
.
(B2C)
, ,
,
.
.
.
,
. ,
.
(B2C)
.
,
,
,
.
ADR. ODR
.
35
3.1. ,
(-
, )
() . ,
, , , , ,
, , ,
.
,
.
,
) ,
; )
,
,
; ) ,
,
.
4
. :
/ ,
;
/
;
/ , ,
;
/
, ,
.
. , 1998
( )
36
,
,
.
1998 ,
, ,
.
, , ,
.
,
.
, ,
.
.
.
.
. :
;
;
- ;
, ; - ;
,
.
,
,
.
, .
,
,
.
37
1998 , ,
.
.
, .
.
: , ,
;
.
4
. ,
, ,
.
. ,
;
,
;
, , ;
-
.
,
, ,
,
.
3.2. ,
.
, , , -,
.
38
,
59 CAVECOM .
. : (a)
, (b)
; (c)
(d) ,
, (e)
, ,
.
1997 11
.
,
.
. ( , ,
, )
.
,
. :
;
, ,
,
, ;
,
;
, ,
, -
;
59
http://cavecom-e.org.ve ( 2012.06.07)
39
,
,
(
)
;
, ,
.
6 ,
.
, , , ,
, , ,
. E-
VeriSign
.
, , ,
. -
Single Batch
,
( , , ,
) .
(Prompex)60-
(IPCE)61
. :
,
, ,
, ,
;
,
,
. IPCE
.
60
61
http://www.prompex.gob.pe ( 2012.06.07)
http://www.prompex.gob.pe/ipce.htm ( 2012.06.07)
40
,
:
- ,
;
-e- ,
, ,
;
- ,
(a)
(b)
,
; Cyber tribunal-
,
,
.
, ,
,
, ;
;
;
,
,
,
.
cyber-,
, ,
(, )
, ;
E- ;
, ,
; e-
; ;
, ,
, e , ,
41
, , ,
, ;
, ; ,
,
;
e- ;
; e ,
;
,
,
, e-
, .
, IPCE E-
,
. IPCE
, ,
.
1995 (TrandenetSL)62
, ,
(SLEDB)
. 3 . : (a) ,
,
, , ,
, , , , (b)
/ ,
(c) e- .
Cyber-Trader -
TradenetSL- e- , .
, Cyber Trader-
.
1750- , 350
, ;
, , ,
, EDB- ,
62
http://www.tradenetsl.lk ( 2012.06.07)
42
. Cyber Trader
.
. ,
, ,
,
.
,
Cyber Trader . EDB
-
. EDB ,
, , , -
e- .
Cyber Trader- ,
, , CD
ROMs . Cyber Trader-
.
,
,
; CD-ROMs-
, ,
.
. EDB
TradenetSL-
( , ,
,
) .
.
e-
. .
ISDN
,
. Co.za 40000 ,
URL- , ,
, 20
43
. ,
, ,
.
,
. , , ,
()
1998 3 ,
.
, ,
, , , ,
.
,
, Info.Com 2025 , e
. , ,
, , ,
, .
, ,
63 .
,
, , 64
( )
.
(PiT)
touch-screen, , , -
- . ,
, , , ,
, , , ,
.
PiT- , e-
.
63
http://www.ecomm-debate.co.za (
2012.06.07)
64
http://www.pit.co.za ( 2012.06.07)
44
PiT
.
,
,
.
. 2000
, .
3.4.
,
,
.
.
,
.
.
65
1999 7 66
-
. ,
,
,
. ,
,
.
.
:
65
:
, TD/B/COM.3/28, - 8 11-
, TD/B/COM.3/EM.8/2. 1999 5 4
66
:
, TD/B/COM.3/28, 1999 8 11
45
, ,
,
;
,
;
;
,
;
,
,
, ;
,
, .
, -
67 .
:
, -
,
,
,
UNCITRAL , UNCITRAL-
,
.
.
,
, , ,
.
,
67
, 32-35 .
46
. , , ,
, , ,
, ,
,
.
, , , ,
,
.
,
,
,
,
.
, .
9 ( , )
9 (B2B,B2C)
,
68.
9
o (records) ;
o , ,
;
o ;
9
o ;
o .
:
9
o ;
o ;
o .
9
68
47
o ;
o .
69. :
9 ,
;
9 ;
9 ;
9 ;
9 , ,
;
9 ;
9
;
9 ,
;
9 IT (-, - ,
);
9 , , ;
9 , ;
9 ( , );
9 IT ;
9 ;
9
;
9 ;
9 ;
9 , ;
9 ;
9
3.4.
.70
69
70
48
,
, , ,
.
2011 12 15-
.
www.dalai.mn,
www.eshopping.mn, www.tomato.mn
www.blog.naver.com .
.
,
, .
, ,
, ,
.
.
,
, , , ,
, , , , ,
, 71
.
,
, .
72 8
. 2011 11
73
.
,
, .
71
2002 . 7 - http://www.legalinfo.mn/insys/lawmain.php?vlawid=3 (
2012. 06. 07)
72
2001 . 3- http://www.legalinfo.mn/insys/lawmain.php?vlawid=1789 (
2012. 06. 07)
73
2010 48 ,
.
49
.
74 189 189.1-
,
. 43 43.2.2-
,
, ,
, 196
196.1.2-
,
, ,
.
75 6 6.4-
//- ,
//-
, ,
.
. :
1.
, ;
2. ;
3.
;
4. . ,
;
5. , . ,
, , ;
6. .
. :
1. , ;
2. ;
3. , , , ,
.76
74
.2002 . 7 - http://www.legalinfo.mn/insys/lawmain.php?vlawid=3 (
2012. 06. 07)
75
. 2012 . 1, 39
76
. . . . , 2011. .300.
50
, ,
,
.77 ,
,
.
offline , online
.
,
.78
,
.79
, , ,
.
.
,
-.
. ,
.
.
- 5
,
,
.80
, ,
.
9
, ;
77
. 2007 , 2. 64 .
.
79
. . . . , 2011. .301.
80
/ /
78
51
9 . ,
,
;
9 ;
9
;
9 ;
9
.
9 ,
,
81
.
.
,
-
;
- , ;
-
.
.mn
?
. 82
,
.83
.
, ,
, ,
81
82
., ,
http://www.soros.org.mn/pdf/feature/20050906Nyamhuu.pdf ( 2012.05.16)
, 3
83
52
, ()-
84.
,
2004
85 .
, (M)-
(2005-2012) ,
.
2008 78 86
- ,
.
2011 12 15-
2013
1 1- .
:
9 , ,
;
9 , -
;
9
;
9 ,
.
,
:
,
,
.
,
.
84
. ., 2004
2004 , ,
.
86
2008 78 .
,
- 1.1.3.
85
53
.
.
,
.
.
,
,
.
:
. :
87 ;
;
.
,
, .
.
.
, .
88
,
.
87
4.1.11.
, , , ,
, .
88
18.1.
/ /-
.
54
.
.
, , ,
, .
, ,
,
89.
, :
, . :
1. ;
2. ;
3. ;
4. ;
5. ;
6. , , ,
;
7. .
,
.
,
, ,
,
.
,
. ,
, ,
-
,
,
.
89
http://www.bolod.mn - ( 2012.04.02)
55
-:
9
;
9 ;
9 ,
,
.
-
,
,
.
,
, ,
-
, ,
.
.
B-G
. ,
.
. ,
.
/e-commerce/-
,
, .
,
.
, .
56
v
v , v
v vv .
, , ,
,
,
, / 80
000 50 000
/
.
business to government /B2G/
.
, B2G .
: , ,
.
,
, -
,
// 90.
,
.
,
,
, , ,
.
, ,
, , ,
,
, , ,
.
B2G -
B2G- e-procurement .
, ,
90
2000 6 14- .
57
.B2G e-Government
.
B2G
.
:
9
, , ;
9 ,
, ;
9 ,
,
.
:
-
,
, ;
,
,
, , ,
, ,
,
.
, , "
, ,
.
B2G
,
, , , ,
.
,
, , ,
. ,
,
, , ,
58
,
,
91.
B2G
,
.
,
.
.
.
1.
,
, .
, ,
. ,
, ,
,
,
,
,
, .
2.
, ,
, ,
, , ,
,
91
www.e-procurement.mn -
59
.
3.
, , ,
, ,
,
- B2G, B2C .
B2G B2C
.
B2G
,
B2C ,
.
92.
. :
9 ,
9
9 , ,
9
9
9 ,
9 (-, ,
)
9 , ,
9 ,
9
9
9
9
9
92
60
9 ,
,
,
.
.
.
93
1999 7 94 -
95 ,
UNCITRAL ,
UNCITRAL-
.
.
***
93
:
, TD/B/COM.3/28, - 8 11-
, TD/B/COM.3/EM.8/2. 1999 5 4
94
:
, TD/B/COM.3/28, 1999 8 11
95
, 32-35 .
61
1
- 96
[ : , , , , , ]
.
I.
1 . *
** **** ***
.
*
. :
2 (1)
.
** (rule of law)-
.
***
. :
. : [...].
****
(commercial) .
96
, .
62
, , , ,
, ,
, , ,
, ,
,
, , ,
.
2 .
.
:
(a) , , ,
,
, , .
(b) (EDI)
.
(c) ,
, ,
.
(d)
,
.
(e) (Intermediary)
, , ,
.
(f) , , ,
, .
63
3 .
(1)
,
.
(2)
.
4 .
(1) III- , ,
,
.
(2) (1) II-
.
II.
5 .
,
,
.
(1998 6
)
,
.
64
6 .
(1)
.
(2) (1)
.
(3) : [...].
7 .
(1)
. :
(a)
;
(b)
, ;
(2) (1)
.
(3) : [...].
8 .
(1) ,
. :
65
(a)
97
;
(b)
(2) (1)
,
.
(3) (1) (a) :
(a)
, ,
, ,
.
(b)
.
(4) : [...].
9 . ,
(1)
.
:
(a) ;
(b)
.
(2)
97
there exists a reliable assurances to the integrityof the information from the time when it was first generated in
its final form, as a data message or otherwise
66
,
.
10 .
(1) , , ,
.
:
(a)
;
(b) , ,
, ,
;
(c)
, ,
.
(2) ,
(1)
, , ,
.
(3) (1)
.
(1) (a), (b) (c)
.
67
III.
11 . ,
(1) ,
.
, .
(2) : [...].
12 .
(1)
(2) : [...].
13 .
(1) .
(2)
. :
(a)
;
(b) ,
.
(3)
.
. :
(a)
;
68
(b)
.
(4) (3) :
(a)
;
(b) (3)(b)
.
(5)
.
,
.
(6)
.
.
14 .
(1) (2) (4)
69
.
(2)
,
. :
(a)
,
(b)
.
(3)
.
(4)
, ,
,
. :
(a)
,
.
(b) (a)
.
(5)
.
.
(6)
70
.
(7) ,
,
.
15 . , ,
(1)
.
(2)
. :
(a)
. :
(i)
;
(ii)
;
(b)
.
(3) (4)
(2) .
(4)
71
.
. :
(a)
(place ofbusiness) ,
(place ofbusiness) .
(b)
.
(5) : [...].
.
I.
16 .
,
. :
(a) (i) , , , ;
(ii) , ;
(iii) ;
(iv) ;
(b) (i) , ;
(ii) ;
(c) (i) ;
(ii) ;
(iii) , ,
;
(d) , ;
72
(e)
;
(f) , ,
, ;
(g) , .
17 .
(1) (3) 16
.
(2) (1)
.
(3) ,
.
.
(4) (3)
, ,
.
(5) 16
(f)(g)
,
73
.
,
.
,
.
(6) (rule of law)
98
( ).
(7) : [...].
2
99
1. -
/Convention on Transit Trade of Land-locked States/, 1965
2.
/Convention on the Limitation Period in the International Sale of Goods/, 1974
3. - ,
/Regional Convention on
the Recognition of Studies, Diplomas and Degrees in Higher Education in Asia
and Pacific/, 1983
4. /Convention on
Technical and Vocational Education/, 1989
5. -
/United Nations Convention On Contracts For The International Sale Of Goods/,
1980
98
paper document
http://www.mfat.gov.mn/images/dwfile/olontaltgeree.pdf -
99
74
6.
75
19.
/Locarno Agreement Establishing an International Classification for
Industrial Designs/, 1968
20. /Strasbourg
Agreement concerning the International Patent Classification/, 1971
21. ,
/Nice Agreement concerning the
International Classification of Goods and Services for the Purposes of the
Registration of Mark/, 1957
22. /Nairobi Treaty
on the Protection of the Olympic Symbol/, 1996
23. /WIPO
Copyright Treaty/, 1996
24.
/Treaty on Protection of Performers, Producers of
Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations/, 1996
25. - /Convention
for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage/, 2003
26.
/The Hague Agreement Concerning The International Registration of Industrial
Designs/, 1960
27.
76
31. ,
/Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral
Awards/, 1958
32.
/Convention on the Settlement of
Investment
Disputes
Between
States
and
Nationals
of
Other
States,
Washington/, 1965
33. /Convention on Civil
Procedure/, 1954
77
I. , :
:
:
II. , :
(2012 2-37)
//,( ), , 3540
. (2012 2-37)
, //,
, 91-96
III. :
1. Brussels Convention on jurisdiction and Recognition of Judgments in Civil and
Commercial Matters, J.O. L 299/32 (1972), amended by O.J. L 304/77 (1978), amended
by O.J. L 388/1 (1982), amended by O.J. L 285/1 (1989)
2. Article 15 (1) defines consumer contract as a contract concluded by a person, the
consumer, for a purpose which can be regarded as being outside his trade or
profession
3. - :
4. - (1999.05.04)
TD/B/COM.3/EM.8/2
5. (1998) : , UNCTAD/SDTE/BFB/1,87
6. , ECE, III ,
, ECE/TRADE/200,
7. UNCITRAL /N.9/265, 49-58 , /N.9/933, 50-59
, /N.9/390, 86-89 , A/CN.9/W6.IV/WP.53, 61-66
8. - 1999 4 30- 439
9. 1999 8 26
78
:
, - 33.
14. ,
1968 9 27-
15. 1988 9 16-
16. :
, TD/B/COM.3/28, 8 11-
, TD/B/COM.3/EM.8/2. 1999 5 4
17. :
, TD/B/COM.3/28, 1999 8
11
18. , 32-35
19. UNCTAD (2003) E-Commerce and Development Report
IV. :
:
.2002 . 7.
. 2012 . 1.
2002 . 7.
2001 . 3
2008 78
.
,
. ., 2004
V. :
1. Fred Calves Virtual Justice as Reality making the Resolution of e-commerce disputes
more conveneint legitimate, efficient, and secure, p. 68
2. Edward C.Anderson & Timothy S.Cole (2002) ,6J.Small Emerging Bus.L. 35 The UDRP
A model for dispute resolution in e-commerce, The Journal of small and Emerging
Business Law //,. LexisNexis p.2-11.
https://litigationessentials.lexisnexis.com/webcd/app?action=DocumentDisplay&crawlid=
1&doctype=cite&docid=6+J.+Small+%26+Emerging+Bus.+L.+235&srctype=smi&srcid=3
B15&key=aacf6f2083717cb030c402cb660cbec4
3. Arthur T. von Mehren(2007) , Convergence and Compromise in Private International
Law: The Role of International instruments, Adjudicatory authority in private
international law, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers in Leiden, Boston.p.354-378.
http://openlibrary.org/books/OL18406407M/Adjudicatory_authority_in_private_internatio
nal_law ( 2012.06.08)
4. Pavan Duggal (2004) Harmonization of e-commerce laws and regulatory systems in
79
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
80