ti: Lp trnh game c Caro trn Java

MC LC
MC LC..................................................................................................................1
CHNG 1

NGN NG LP TRNH JAVA....................................................2

1.

Lch s pht trin ...........................................................................................2

2.

Kin trc ........................................................................................................2

3. c im (nu nhng nt ni bt ca java theo hng i tng, ti sao li

chn ngn ng l java) ...........................................................................................2
CHNG 2 TR TU NHN TO .......................................................................3
1.

Tm hiu s lng v tr tu nhn to ...........................................................3

2.

Mt s thut ton dng trong lp trnh game ................................................3

2.1.

Thut ton minimax ................................................................................3

2.2.

Thut ton alpha-beta ..............................................................................3

CHNG 3 NG DNG GAME CARO ..............................................................5

1.

Xc nh yu cu bi ton .............................................................................5

2.

Thit k gii thut ..........................................................................................5

3.

Demo ng dng game caro (chp li mn hnh game) ...............................5

KT LUN ................................................................................................................5
TI LIU THAM KHO .........................................................................................6

 ti: Lp trnh game c Caro trn Java

CHNG 1

NGN NG LP TRNH JAVA

1. Lch s pht trin

2. Kin trc
3. c im
My o java (JVM- Java Virtual Machine).Java l ngn ng lp trnh va bin dch
v thng dch .Chng trnh vit bng ngn ng java u tin c ui l *.java s
c bin dch thnh tp tin c ui *.class v sau thng qu JVM c bin
dch thnh m my tng ng
c lp vi nn tng h iu hnh .Mt chng trnh vit bng ngn ng java c
th chy trn bt c h iu hnh no min sao n c ci t my o java (JVM)
Hng i tng tt c mi th c cp n trong java u lin quan ti cc
i tng c nh ngha trc, thm ch hm chnh ca mt chng trnh java
cng phi t trong mt mt lp
a nhim a lung (MultiTasking Multitheading) java h tr lp trnh a
nhim, a lung cho php nhiu tin trnh c th chy song song cng mt thi
im v tng tc vi nhau
H tr mnh cho vic pht trin ng dng v c cung cp nhiu cng c, th
vin lp trnh phong ph to iu kin cho vic pht trin cc loi hnh hng dng
khc nhau t n gin ti phc tp nh client server, J2ME, J4ME

 ti: Lp trnh game c Caro trn Java

CHNG 2 TR TU NHN TO
1. Tm hiu s lng v tr tu nhn to
Tr tu nhn to (artificial intelligence hay machine intelligence, thng c vit
tt l AI) l tr tu c biu din bi bt c h thng nhn to no .Tr tu nhn
to c chia thnh 2 trng phi l tr tu nhn to truyn thng v tr tu nhn
to ton
2. Mt s thut ton dng trong lp trnh game (
2.1.

Thut ton minimax

Minimax hay cn gi l minmax l mt phng php trong l thuyt quyt nh c mc

tiu l ti thiu ha tn tht vn c d tnh l ti a (c th hiu ngc li l ti ta ha
li ch vn d nh l ti thiu).N bt ngun t tr chi c tng bng khng theo
c m rng cho nhiu tr chi phc tp khc v gip a ra cc quyt nh chung khi
c s hin din ca s khng chc chn.
Mt gii thut minimax l mt thut ton quy cho vic la chon bc k tip trong
mt tr chi c hai ngi .Mt gi tr c gn cho mi v tr hay trng thi ca tr chi
.Gi tr ny c tnh bng mt hm v s cho bit tt nu nh ngi chi t c
n .Ngi chi sau i mt nc lm ti a gi tr ti thiu ca v tr l kt qu t
tp cc nc i trc ca i th .Nu n phin A s i, A s cho mt gi tr cho mi
nc i hp l ca anh ta.
Mt cch khc l s dng mt quy nh rng nu kt qu ca bc i l chin thng cho
A th n c gn gi tr dng v hn, ngc li vi B l m v hn, khi gi tr cho
A ca bt k nc i no khc l gi tr minimum ca cc gi tr kt qu t mi bc tr
li c th ca B. Tuy nhin v kh nng chin thng thng ch xut hin cui mi vn
chi do thut ton thng xt ti mt mc nc i no nht nh tip theo.

2.2.

Thut ton alpha-beta

Xt mt tr chi m c hai ngi thay phin nhau i nc ca mnh, nh vy s c bc

khi u bin i trng thi qua tng nc i kt qu nhn c theo mt quy nh
trc l mt ngi thng, thua hoc ha .Mt tr chi nh vy c th c biu din bi
mt cy tr chi .Mi nt ca cy l mt trng thi (nt gc l trng thi bt u, cc nt
l l trng thi kt thc). Nu nt x l biu din cho nc i n th cc nt con ca x biu
din cc nc i c th xut pht t nc n.

 ti: Lp trnh game c Caro trn Java

V d ta gn cho cc nt l gi tr l a nu ngi chi 1 thng, -a nu ngi chi 1 thua, 0
nu c ha .Nh vy t mt trng thi bt k, n lt mnh ngi chi s chn nc i
sao cho trng thi c gi tr ln nht .V tt nhin ngi i din s chn nc i c trng
thi nh nht khi ti lt mnh .Ta c th nh ra quy tc nh sau: mt nt l c gn
gi tr tng ng .Mt nt l nt max th gi tr ca n bng gi tr ln nht ca tt c cc
nt con .Do nu mun nh tr cho mt nt bt k ta cn nh tr tt c cc nt con ca
n bng vic s dng gii thut quay lui v quy .Song s nt ca mt cy tr chi l
v cng ln ty vo quy m nc i nn ta kh c th xt ht cc gi tr ca nt con cn
xt .Lc ny ta cn mt phng php khng phi xt tt c cc nt con ca nt cn xt
. u tin ta c nhn xt nu P l nt max, Q l con ca P tc l Q l nt min v gi tr
tm thi ca Q nh hn P th ta khng cn xt cc nt con ca Q. Vic ny gi l vic ct
ta alpha-beta

 ti: Lp trnh game c Caro trn Java

CHNG 3 NG DNG GAME CARO

1. Xc nh yu cu bi ton
2. Thit k gii thut
3. Demo ng dng game caro (chp li mn hnh game)

KT LUN

 ti: Lp trnh game c Caro trn Java

TI LIU THAM KHO

 ti: Lp trnh game c Caro trn Java