K THUT NUI TRN

1/Gi tr kinh t ca trn: Ngoi vic khai thc trn lm thc phm, con ngi cng khai thc trn nh mt ngun dc liu qu: - Ly da trn em t thnh than, tn bt ri trn ln vi m, bi tr gh rt hiu nghim. - Mt trn ngm trong ru dng xoa bp cc vt thng t mu, ni c cc khp b sng au, tc dng tng ng mt gu, cng dng cha mt sng, vng bng tim au nh c trng cn, b phn di m h trng n l lot (Danh y bit lc). - Tht trn lm ch bng cho sn ph n hng ngy gip mau chng ly li sc, gim au nht v t mi ( Huy Bch, 1979) - M trn ch nhiu hp cht bo nh palmitin, olein dng tr bnh ngoi da. (Theo lng y inh B Luyn v dc s Diu Phng). - Xng trn em nu cao ung c tc dng cha au lng, nht xng, nht l au ct sng. - Mu trn pha vi ru ung c tc dng b mu, cha bnh chng mt, hoa mt. 2/c im: Trn thuc lp b st. Kch thc ca trn thay i t 50cm-10m nhng a s c c trung bnh v ln. phn cui ca thn, ngay pha trc hu mn cn c di tch ca ai hng v xng i m mt phn l r ra ngoi thnh 2 ca ging nh ca g. C 2 phi pht trin y mc d phi bn phi di hn bn tri. Cc xng hm khp lng lo vi nhau v c kh nng c ng linh hot, nh trn c th h ming nut c nhng con mi rt ln. C hai hm u c rng mc hi xin, c rng phi trc di hn cc rng nm phi trong v khng c nc c. H c thn rt kho, c s dng qun v git mi. S lng t sng rt ln, thay i t 300-450 t. Mu sc c th thay i tu loi nhng thng c nhng hoa vn hnh mng li mt lng to nn mu sc ngy trang gip con vt c th phc kch rnh mi rt ti tnh. Hin nay trn th gii c khong 22 ging, 80 loi. Trn l ng vt a m v m, chu c mt cch d dng vi nhit cao v mu h nhng chng rt nhy cm vi lnh. cc tnh phi Bc v mu ng trn phi tm nhng ni kn o tr n qua ma ng gi rt cn ng bng Nam b, trong ma kh trn phi chui rc mnh di cc lp c trnh nng. Trong sut thi gian tr ng v tr kh, trn nm yn mt ch, ng tc h hp khng thy r rng, qu trnh trao i cht gim xung mc thp nht, v nng lng cung cp cho s sng lc ny ch yu l do khi lng m c tch tr vo cui mu thu hay cui mu ma. Chu k hot ng ngy ca trn kh r nt. Trn hot ng ch yu v ban m cn ban ngy thng tm nhng ni kn o n np. Trong chung nui, chng ta s quan st thy trn sut ngy nm qun trn thnh mt cc, ng li b. Thi gian hot ng tu thuc vo l tui. Ni chung trn nh ra kim n sm hn trn trng thnh. 3/Lm chung nui: Chung nui l yu t quan trng khi nui trn bi trn rt kho, nu n chui c u th st 8-12 li u b trn b gy. Chung c th lm bng g thanh, nan tre, st, li

mt co c khe, l rng t 1-2,5cm (tu loi trn nui) tin v sinh v khng cho trn chui ra ngoi. Kch thc chung cao 0,6-0,7m, rng 0,5-0,6m, di 24m. Vi din tch ny c th nht cc loi trn theo s lng: trn s sinh 0,5kg/con nht 8-12 con, t 0,7-2kg/con nht 5-7 con, t 2,5-5kg nht 3-4 con, t 5kg tr ln nht 2-3 con. Ni c iu kin t rng nn lm chung kt hp vi khu vn rng chn th, c ro li st trng km chc chn. 4/Ging nui: - Trng ging sau khi p 53-55 ngy n ra trn gi6ng. Nui chng bng thc n: g con mi n, chut nh, chim ct nh. Khong 3-5 ngy dng g con hoc chut sng nh cho trn p n, ko ln th ra ngoi cho trn p mi, sau bt nh th vo chung. - C 3-5 ngy li cho trn con n mt ln: c ln trn ln, bt mi th ra ngoi cho nut xong li n tip con th 2. S lng cho n tng thm theo tui nui, 2 thng tui cho n 2 con g hoc chut nh, 3 thng tui c th cho n 3 con g nh, sau thi gian 7-10 ngy khng cho thc n vo chung, trn tranh nhau n s cn nhau, lm trn b thng, sinh bnh. Phi c mng cha nc cho trn ung hoc tm mnh vo nc cho d lt da. Thng ngy phi dn sch phn trong chung, s phn hng ngy thi ra khng nhiu, phn kh, it1 gy mi thi, khong 5-7 ngy x it1 nc hoc a trn ra tm trong chu nc, cho trn dn ngi v sch s. Trn ging nui sau 4-5 thng th di khong 0,8m nn chn nui ring thnh trn tht. 5/K thut nui: Thc n cho trn ch yu l nhng ng vt c mu nng ( g, vt, chim ct non, th c guc nh (tht heo, b, d, cheo mn), cc loi gm nhm (th, chut) Nc l mt yu t cn thit cho i sng ca trn, tuy rng nhu cu khng nhiu v thng xuyn v lng nc c trong thc n cho nhu cu c th. Sau khi n xong, trong qu trnh tiu ho trn cn ung nc. Nhng ngy nng bc v c bit khi sp thay da trn trm mnh trong nc. Nc gip n lt xc mau chng v d dng hn; thiu nc lp vy sng thng b st kh bong. V vy, trong chung nui cn thit phi c mt chu nc cho trn. 5.1. Nui trn tht: Trn con t 1 thng tui n 0,5kg, 1 tun cho n 1 ln, ht 0,5kg thc n trong 1 thng. Trn t 1 5kg cho n 2-3 ln/thng, mi ln t 1-1,5kg thc n. Trn t 6-10kg cho n 2 ln/thng, mi ln cho n t 1,5-1,7kg thc n. Trn trn 10kg, c 8-20 ngy cho n 1 ln, mi ln t 3-5kg thc n. Ngoi ra, cn cn ch b sung thm cc loi vitamin B1, B6, B12, C, A, D, E, PP ho vo nc cho ung sau mi ln trn n hoc ung trc tip. 5.2. Nui trn sinh sn: Thng thng trn sng n c. Ch n mu sinh sn nhng con trn c v trn ci mi tm n nhau. Mu phi ging ca trn t thng 10 n thng 1 nm sau. Thi gian phi tt nht l thng 11-12. Trc mu phi ging 1 thng cho con ci n tht no c dinh dng tch m v to trng. Tui trn phi ging l 28-30 thng tui. Khi trn ci mun giao phi thng tit ra mi c hiu d con c. Lc ny th trn c kho mnh c trng lng bng hoc to hn vo, chng xon xut, giao phi vi nhau 1-3 gi. Nn cho phi kp m bo trng th thai v c t l n cao. Trn ci mang thai t 120-140 ngy. Trong thi gian trn ci c cha khng cho n hoc cho n mi ln mt t trnh chn p trng. Khi chun b , con ci b i b li trong chung, o t, tm ch trng, c rm, c kh . C th lm cho trn bng bao xc rn ng tru ci t vo mt gc chung, ni yn tnh, trnh gi la Mi ln trn ci t 10-100 qu trng. Sau khi ht trng vo , trn ci t cun trn li trn

trng p. Khi trn p nn kim tra vi ln, nu thy cc qu trng to u, trng, kh ro, v lng bng l trng tt; nhng qu qu to hay qu nh, v xn vng l trng hng phi loi b. Thi gian p trng 53-55 ngy th n. Trn con t m v trng chui ra. Sau 1-2 ngy c nhng con trn yu khng t m v chui ra, phi em th nhng qu trng ny vo nc m kch thch trn con t m v chui ra. Cn qu no cha n, ta h tr bng cch x v di 1cm, ln tm u trn con nh nhng ko ra. Trn mi n di 50-60cm, nng 80-140g. Trn con sau khi n c th t sng 3-5 ngy bng khi non hong tch trong bng. Sau th gian ny, bng trn con xp li, da nhn nheo v lt xc u tin. Trn khe mnh bnh thng cho n 4-5 ln/thng, trn yu cho n 10 ln/thng. Thc thch hp tht ln nc, tht b, tru, d ti ngon thi nh. Cch cho trn con n: Dng mt qua nh vt t u ghim vo ming mi, tai tri cm u trn, tay phi cm que a thc n vo ming trn. Khng c thc que vo su trong hng d gy thng tch. Sau khi cho mi vo ming trn, khng c rt ngc que m gt ngang que v phi mp trn, ming mi li. Trong qu trnh thao tc cn phi ht sc nh tay trnh lm gy rng hoc nh ri trn t trn cao xung t. 5.3.Cch phn bit trn c, trn ci: Cng ging nh cc loi rn khc, vic phn bit mt con trn c vi mt con trn ci tht khng n gin v chng c hnh dng v mu sc gn ging nhau, mt khc chng li c c quan sinh sn nm bn trong c th nn rt kh phn bit. Thng rn c c ui di hn v phn u ca ui (ni tip gip vi hu mn) hi phnh ra, trong khi con ci th hi tht li. Kch thc v trng lng ca trn c cng thng nh hn trn ci, s vy bng t hn nhng c ui di v s lng vy ui nhiu hn. Trn c c 2 mu nga nm hai bn khe huyt trng tc nh chic ca chn g, c l l c quan dng kch thch trn ci khi giao phi. - Trn c: Thn thon di, c 2 ca di hai bn hu mn l ra ngoi, vy hu mn to, chp vy t. Vy quanh hu mn nh xp xt nhau, n mnh tay vo hai bn huyt thy c quan giao cu l ra. - Trn ci: Thn to mp, ca hai bn hu mn ngn, nm n su bn trong. Vy quanh hu mn to, xp khng st nhau, khng thy c c quan giao cu. Lu : - Trn nui lc i, lt xc, ang p trng thng rt hung d, chng rt nhy cm vi cc loi mi thuc l, hnh, ti, du s nn cn trnh nhng mi ny. Nhng nu trong trng hp b trn cn, bn ch vic nht mt nhm thuc r vo ming, lp tc trn s nh ra. - Trn nui khi n no rt hin, thch vut ve, cng b, v mu h rt thch dm nc. V vy, trong chung, khu chn nui ngoi mng, chu ung, cn c chu to hoc xy b khi nng bc trn b vo m tm - Trn lt xc vo mu h, trn non lt nhiu ln hn trn gi. Lc sp lt xc trn c mu da sm hn, hai mt tr nn c m, ngng n, tm chn nhng ni c nc, gn nc nm. Thi gian lt xc thng ko di t 1-2 tun. KS. Bch Nguyn